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Zhou W, Yang W, Jiang P, Gou S. A Lysosome-Targeting hNEU1 Inhibitor Treats Myocardial Infarction: A Potential Therapeutic Breakthrough. J Med Chem 2024; 67:16899-16911. [PMID: 39253767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
The overexpression of NEU1 has recently been certified as being associated with myocardial infarction. However, the pursuit of an efficacious human NEU1 (hNEU1) inhibitor remains challenging, and viral NEU1 (viNEU1) inhibitor drugs are significantly weaker in terms of hNEU1 inhibition. Recognizing that hNEU1 is located within the lysosome, we designed a series of lysosome-targeting compounds, derived from oseltamivir, aimed at hNEU1 inhibition. Among these compounds, OsMo exhibits the most potent activity. Our findings reveal that OsMo accumulates within lysosomes and releases its pharmacophore via enzymatic catalysis. OsMo enhances hNEU1 inhibition by accumulating pharmacophores at the target site. OsMo exhibits improved regulation of abnormal autophagy during myocardial injury, demonstrating superior efficacy in treating myocardial infarction in vivo. Furthermore, OsMo exhibits acceptable pharmacokinetic parameters. Importantly, the development of molecules with lysosome-targeting abilities represents a promising avenue for addressing myocardial injuries linked to hNEU1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Wanxiang Yang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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2
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Singh K, Yadav A, Khan S, Shukla A, Alam M, Verma AK, Tiwari N, Khan F, Yadav PN, Dev K. Baicalein isolated from Oroxylum indicum acts as a potent µ- and κ-opioid receptor antagonist agent via the reversal of agonist-mediated cAMP inhibition. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39205489 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2396452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The opioid receptors play a pivotal role in the treatment of several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurtz is a very important medicinal plant with several therapeutic applications. It is a main constituent of the Ayurvedic formulation 'Dashmool' used for multifaceted disorders by the Indians. However, the constituents of this plant in neurological conditions have not been well studied. Here, we performed activity-guided isolation of compounds for opioid receptor modulator activity. In the study, we found that the isolated compound baicalein (3) has shown the most potent and competitive antagonistic activity at 20 mg/kg dose in vivo experiments. The acute dose of 3 (20 mg/kg) and pan opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (20 mg/kg) block the morphine-induced antinociception and the paw withdrawal latency decreases up to 8.3 s and 9.6 s, respectively. The in silico studies also support our in vitro data that compound 3 binds with MOR and KOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan Singh
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Innovative and Scientific Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anubhav Yadav
- Academy of Innovative and Scientific Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Neuroscience & Ageing Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sana Khan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Arti Shukla
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Maksood Alam
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Neerja Tiwari
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Academy of Innovative and Scientific Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Prem Narayan Yadav
- Academy of Innovative and Scientific Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Neuroscience & Ageing Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Innovative and Scientific Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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3
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Rivero-Segura NA, Zepeda-Arzate EA, Castillo-Vazquez SK, Fleischmann-delaParra P, Hernández-Pineda J, Flores-Soto E, García-delaTorre P, Estrella-Parra EA, Gomez-Verjan JC. Exploring the Geroprotective Potential of Nutraceuticals. Nutrients 2024; 16:2835. [PMID: 39275153 PMCID: PMC11396943 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is the result of the accumulation of a wide variety of molecular and cellular damages over time, meaning that "the more damage we accumulate, the higher the possibility to develop age-related diseases". Therefore, to reduce the incidence of such diseases and improve human health, it becomes important to find ways to combat such damage. In this sense, geroprotectors have been suggested as molecules that could slow down or prevent age-related diseases. On the other hand, nutraceuticals are another set of compounds that align with the need to prevent diseases and promote health since they are biologically active molecules (occurring naturally in food) that, apart from having a nutritional role, have preventive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumoral, just to mention a few. Therefore, in the present review using the specialized databases Scopus and PubMed we collected information from articles published from 2010 to 2023 in order to describe the role of nutraceuticals during the aging process and, given their role in targeting the hallmarks of aging, we suggest that they are potential geroprotectors that could be consumed as part of our regular diet or administered additionally as nutritional supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Selma Karime Castillo-Vazquez
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Mexico City 10200, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Jessica Hernández-Pineda
- Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, SSA, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Edgar Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad No. 3000, Alcaldía de Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Paola García-delaTorre
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Área Envejecimiento, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Edgar Antonio Estrella-Parra
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz 54090, Mexico
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Zhang YQ, Sun T, Zhao Z, Fu J, Yang L, Xu Y, Zhao JF, Tang XL, Liu A, Zhao MG. Activation of GPR30 Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Ferroptosis Through Nrf2/GPX4 Signaling Pathway. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:33. [PMID: 39138706 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The newly identified estrogen receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), is prevalent in the brain and has been shown to provide significant neuroprotection. Recent studies have linked ferroptosis, a newly characterized form of programmed cell death, closely with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), highlighting it as a major contributing factor. Consequently, our research aimed to explore the potential of GPR30 targeting in controlling neuronal ferroptosis and lessening CIRI impacts. Results indicated that GPR30 activation not only improved neurological outcomes and decreased infarct size in a mouse model but also lessened iron accumulation and malondialdehyde formation post-middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). This protective effect extended to increased levels of Nrf2 and GPX4 proteins. Similar protective results were replicated in PC12 cells subjected to Oxygen Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation (OGD/R) using the GPR30-specific agonist G1. Importantly, inhibition of Nrf2 with ML385 curtailed the neuroprotective effects of GPR30 activation, suggesting that GPR30 mitigates CIRI primarily through inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis via upregulation of Nrf2 and GPX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Zhang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Le Yang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing-Feng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Tang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - An Liu
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Yang H, Ibrahim MM, Zhang S, Sun Y, Chang J, Qi H, Yang S. Targeting post-stroke neuroinflammation with Salvianolic acid A: molecular mechanisms and preclinical evidence. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1433590. [PMID: 39139557 PMCID: PMC11319147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1433590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SalA), a bioactive compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has garnered considerable interest for its potential in ameliorating the post-stroke neuroinflammation. This review delineates the possible molecular underpinnings of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles of SalA, offering a comprehensive analysis of its therapeutic efficacy in preclinical studies of ischemic stroke. We explore the intricate interplay between post-stroke neuroinflammation and the modulatory effects of SalA on pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory signaling pathways, the peripheral immune cell infiltration through blood-brain barrier disruption, and endothelial cell function. The pharmacokinetic profiles of SalA in the context of stroke, characterized by enhanced cerebral penetration post-ischemia, makes it particularly suitable as a therapeutic agent. Preliminary clinical findings have demonstrated that salvianolic acids (SA) has a positive impact on cerebral perfusion and neurological deficits in stroke patients, warranting further investigation. This review emphasizes SalA as a potential anti-inflammatory agent for the advancement of innovative therapeutic approaches in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Mustapha Ibrahim
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shilun Yang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Ayaz H, Aşır F, Korak T. Skimmianine Showed Neuroprotection against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7373-7385. [PMID: 39057078 PMCID: PMC11276333 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of skimmianine on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Twenty-four female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR), and IR + Skimmianine (40 mg/kg Skimmianine). Cerebral ischemia was induced using a monofilament nylon suture to occlude the middle cerebral artery for 60 min. Following 23 h of reperfusion, the animals were sacrificed 14 days later. The effects of skimmianine on brain tissue post-IR injury were examined through biochemical and immunochemical analyses. In silico analysis using the Enrichr platform explored skimmianine's potential biological processes involving IBA-1, IL-6, and NF-κB proteins. In the IR group, MDA levels increased, while SOD and CAT antioxidant enzyme activities decreased. In the IR + Skimmianine group, skimmianine treatment resulted in decreased MDA levels and increased SOD and CAT activities. Significant increases in IBA-1 expression were observed in the IR group, which skimmianine treatment significantly reduced, modulating microglial activation. High levels of IL-6 expression were noted in pyramidal neurons, vascular structures, and neuroglial cells in the IR group; skimmianine treatment reduced IL-6 expression, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects. Increased NF-κB expression was observed in neurons and blood vessels in the gray and white matter in the IR group; skimmianine treatment reduced NF-κB expression. Gene Ontology results suggest skimmianine impacts immune and inflammatory responses via IBA-1 and IL-6, with potential effects on estrogen mechanisms mediated by NF-κB. Skimmianine may be a potential therapeutic strategy due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on cerebral IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Ayaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Fırat Aşır
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Tuğcan Korak
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Turkey;
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7
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Zeng T, Liu J, Zhang W, Yu Y, Ye X, Huang Q, Li P, Jiang Q. Update on the mechanism of microglia involvement in post-stroke cognitive impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1366710. [PMID: 38887610 PMCID: PMC11181926 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1366710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by cognitive deficits that manifest following a stroke and persist for up to 6 months post-event. This condition is grave, severely compromising patient quality of life and longevity, while also imposing substantial economic burdens on societies worldwide. Despite significant advancements in identifying risk factors for PSCI, research into its underlying mechanisms and therapeutic interventions remains inadequate. Microglia, the brain's primary immune effector cells, are pivotal in maintaining, nurturing, defending, and repairing neuronal function, a process intrinsically linked to PSCI's progression. Thus, investigating microglial activation and mechanisms in PSCI is crucial. This paper aims to foster new preventive and therapeutic approaches for PSCI by elucidating the roles, mechanisms, and characteristics of microglia in the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 2 Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Recovery Medicine, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qianliang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhua Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Lu W, Wang Y, Wen J. The Roles of RhoA/ROCK/NF-κB Pathway in Microglia Polarization Following Ischemic Stroke. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:19. [PMID: 38753217 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Nevertheless, there still lacks the effective therapies for ischemic stroke. Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) and can initiate immune responses and monitor the microenvironment. Microglia are activated and polarize into proinflammatory or anti‑inflammatory phenotype in response to various brain injuries, including ischemic stroke. Proinflammatory microglia could generate immunomodulatory mediators, containing cytokines and chemokines, these mediators are closely associated with secondary brain damage following ischemic stroke. On the contrary, anti-inflammatory microglia facilitate recovery following stroke. Regulating the activation and the function of microglia is crucial in exploring the novel treatments for ischemic stroke patients. Accumulating studies have revealed that RhoA/ROCK pathway and NF-κB are famous modulators in the process of microglia activation and polarization. Inhibiting these key modulators can promote the polarization of microglia to anti-inflammatory phenotype. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on the role of RhoA/ROCK pathway and NF-κB in the microglia activation and polarization, reveal the relationship between RhoA/ROCK pathway and NF-κB in the pathological process of ischemic stroke. In addition, we likewise discussed the drug modulators targeting microglia polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Medical Branch, Hefei Technology College, Hefei, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiyue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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9
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Chen S, Zeng J, Li R, Zhang Y, Tao Y, Hou Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Wu J, Meng X. Traditional Chinese medicine in regulating macrophage polarization in immune response of inflammatory diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117838. [PMID: 38310986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Numerous studies have demonstrated that various traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects against inflammatory diseases mediated through macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this review was to assess and consolidate the current understanding regarding the pathogenic mechanisms governing macrophage polarization in the context of regulating inflammatory diseases. We also summarize the mechanism action of various TCMs on the regulation of macrophage polarization, which may contribute to facilitate the development of natural anti-inflammatory drugs based on reshaping macrophage polarization. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of recently published articles, utilizing keywords such as "macrophage polarization" and "traditional Chinese medicines" in combination with "inflammation," as well as "macrophage polarization" and "inflammation" in conjunction with "natural products," and similar combinations, to search within PubMed and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS A total of 113 kinds of TCMs (including 62 components of TCMs, 27 TCMs as well as various types of extracts of TCMs and 24 Chinese prescriptions) was reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects through the regulation of key pathways of macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we have analyzed studies concerning the involvement of macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming in inflammation therapy. TCMs has great advantages in regulating macrophage polarization in treating inflammatory diseases due to its multi-pathway and multi-target pharmacological action. This review may contribute to facilitate the development of natural anti-inflammatory drugs based on reshaping macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiuseng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- The Affiliated Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, PR China
| | - Yingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Ya Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yating Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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10
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Islam F, Roy S, Zehravi M, Paul S, Sutradhar H, Yaidikar L, Kumar BR, Dogiparthi LK, Prema S, Nainu F, Rab SO, Doukani K, Emran TB. Polyphenols Targeting MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway in Neurological Diseases: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2686-2706. [PMID: 37922063 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a class of secondary metabolic products found in plants that have been extensively studied for how well they regulate biological processes, such as the proliferation of cells, autophagy, and apoptosis. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated signaling cascade is currently identified as a crucial pro-inflammatory pathway that plays a significant role in the development of neuroinflammation. This process has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), CNS damage, and cerebral ischemia. Getting enough polyphenols through eating habits has resulted in mitigating the effects of oxidative stress (OS) and lowering the susceptibility to associated neurodegenerative disorders, including but not limited to multiple sclerosis (MS), AD, stroke, and PD. Polyphenols possess significant promise in dealing with the root cause of neurological conditions by modulating multiple therapeutic targets simultaneously, thereby attenuating their complicated physiology. Several polyphenolic substances have demonstrated beneficial results in various studies and are presently undergoing clinical investigation to treat neurological diseases (NDs). The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the different aspects of the MAPK pathway involved in neurological conditions, along with an appraisal of the progress made in using polyphenols to regulate the MAPK signaling system to facilitate the management of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sumon Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, 51418, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shyamjit Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Hriday Sutradhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Lavanya Yaidikar
- Department of Pharmacology, Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, India
| | - B Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Moonray Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Raikal (V), Farooq Nagar (Tlq), Shadnagar (M), R.R Dist., Telangana, 501512, India
| | - Lakshman Kumar Dogiparthi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, MB School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MBU, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S Prema
- Crescent School of Pharmacy, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Koula Doukani
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Ibn Khaldoun-Tiaret, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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An Z, He Q, Jiang L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Wang M, Yang S, Huang L, Li H, Hao Y, Liang X, Wang S. A One-Stone-Two-Birds Strategy of Targeting Microbubbles with "Dual" Anti-Inflammatory and Blood-Brain Barrier "Switch" Function for Ischemic Stroke Treatment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1774-1787. [PMID: 38420991 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is considered to be the main target of the development of new stroke therapies. There are three key issues in the treatment of stroke inflammation: the first one is how to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to achieve drug delivery, the second one is how to select drugs to treat stroke inflammation, and the third one is how to achieve targeted drug delivery. In this study, we constructed hydrocortisone-phosphatidylserine microbubbles and combined them with ultrasound (US)-targeted microbubble destruction technology to successfully open the BBB to achieve targeted drug delivery. Phosphatidylserine on the microbubbles was used for its "eat me" effect to increase the targeting of the microvesicles. In addition, we found that hydrocortisone can accelerate the closure of the BBB, achieving efficient drug delivery while reducing the entry of peripheral toxins into the brain. In the treatment of stroke inflammation, it was found that hydrocortisone itself has anti-inflammatory effects and can also change the polarization of microglia from the harmful pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the beneficial anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, thus achieving dual anti-inflammatory effects and enhancing the anti-inflammatory effects in ischemic areas after stroke, well reducing the cerebellar infarction volume by inhibiting the inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia. A confocal microendoscope was used to directly observe the polarization of microglial cells in living animal models for dynamic microscopic visualization detection showing the advantage of being closer to clinical work. Taken together, this study constructed a multifunctional targeted US contrast agent with the function of "one-stone-two-birds", which can not only "on-off" the BBB but also have "two" anti-inflammatory functions, providing a new strategy of integrated anti-inflammatory targeted delivery and imaging monitoring for ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbin An
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia 017000, China
| | - Qiong He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongyue Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengxin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shiyuan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lijie Huang
- Tsinghua University, Hai Dian, Beijing 017000, China
| | - Huiwen Li
- Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia 017000, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia 017000, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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12
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Zhang Y, Ye P, Zhu H, Gu L, Li Y, Feng S, Zeng Z, Chen Q, Zhou B, Xiong X. Neutral polysaccharide from Gastrodia elata alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis-mediated neuroinflammation via the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14456. [PMID: 37752806 PMCID: PMC10916450 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The crosstalk between ferroptosis and neuroinflammation considerably impacts the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Neutral polysaccharide from Gastrodia elata (NPGE) has shown significant effects against oxidative stress and inflammation. This study investigated the potential effects of NPGE on CIRI neuropathology. METHODS The effects of NPGE were studied in a mouse model of ischemic stroke (IS) and in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced HT22 cells. RESULTS NPGE treatment decreased neurological deficits, reduced infarct volume, and alleviated cerebral edema in IS mice, and promoted the survival of OGD/R-induced HT22 cells. Mechanistically, NPGE treatment alleviated neuronal ferroptosis by upregulating GPX4 levels, lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Fe2+ excessive hoarding, and meliorating GSH levels and SOD activity. Additionally, it inhibited neuroinflammation by down-regulating the level of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NLRP3, and HMGB1. Meanwhile, NPGE treatment alleviated ferroptosis and inflammation in erastin-stimulated HT22 cells. Furthermore, NPGE up-regulated the expression of NRF2 and HO-1 and promoted the translocation of NRF2 into the nucleus. Using the NRF2 inhibitor brusatol, we verified that NRF2/HO-1 signaling mediated the anti-ferroptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of NPGE. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results demonstrate the protective effects of NPGE and highlight its therapeutic potential as a drug component for CIRI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of PharmacyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of NeurosurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central LaboratoryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuntao Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital)HuzhouChina
| | - Shi Feng
- Department of NeurosurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of PathologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of PharmacyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of NeurosurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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13
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Zhu H, Zhong Y, Chen R, Wang L, Li Y, Jian Z, Gu L, Xiong X. ATG5 Knockdown Attenuates Ischemia‒Reperfusion Injury by Reducing Excessive Autophagy-Induced Ferroptosis. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:153-164. [PMID: 36522583 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy has been described to be both protective and pathogenic in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The underlying association between autophagy and ferroptosis in ischemic stroke has not yet been clearly investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) in experimental ischemic stroke. After injection of ATG5 shRNA lentivirus, mice underwent surgery for transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced focal cerebral ischemia. The infarct volume, neurological function, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), autophagy, and ferroptosis levels were evaluated. After MCAO, ATG5-knockdown mice had a smaller infarct size and fewer neurological deficits than wild-type mice. The levels of apoptosis and ROS in ischemic mouse brains were alleviated through ATG5 knockdown. The expression of LC3 I/II was reduced through ATG5 knockdown after MCAO. Additionally, the expression of beclin1 and LC3 II was increased after I/R, but the increase was counteracted by preconditioning with ATG5 knockdown. After ischemic stroke, the levels of Fe2+ and malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased, but they were reduced by ATG5 knockdown. Similarly, the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and glutathione (GSH) was decreased by I/R but elevated by ATG5 knockdown. The present study shows that ATG5 knockdown attenuates autophagy-induced ferroptosis, which may offer a novel potential approach for ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China.
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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14
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Zhang M, Liu Q, Meng H, Duan H, Liu X, Wu J, Gao F, Wang S, Tan R, Yuan J. Ischemia-reperfusion injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:12. [PMID: 38185705 PMCID: PMC10772178 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury paradoxically occurs during reperfusion following ischemia, exacerbating the initial tissue damage. The limited understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying I/R injury hinders the development of effective therapeutic interventions. The Wnt signaling pathway exhibits extensive crosstalk with various other pathways, forming a network system of signaling pathways involved in I/R injury. This review article elucidates the underlying mechanisms involved in Wnt signaling, as well as the complex interplay between Wnt and other pathways, including Notch, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, transforming growth factor-β, nuclear factor kappa, bone morphogenetic protein, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor-Ca2+-Activin A, Hippo-Yes-associated protein, toll-like receptor 4/toll-interleukine-1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β, and hepatocyte growth factor/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor. In particular, we delve into their respective contributions to key pathological processes, including apoptosis, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, cell hypertrophy, fibrosis, ferroptosis, neurogenesis, and blood-brain barrier damage during I/R injury. Our comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms involved in Wnt signaling during I/R reveals that activation of the canonical Wnt pathway promotes organ recovery, while activation of the non-canonical Wnt pathways exacerbates injury. Moreover, we explore novel therapeutic approaches based on these mechanistic findings, incorporating evidence from animal experiments, current standards, and clinical trials. The objective of this review is to provide deeper insights into the roles of Wnt and its crosstalk signaling pathways in I/R-mediated processes and organ dysfunction, to facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic agents for I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Hongxia Duan
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Gao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rubin Tan
- Department of Physiology, Basic medical school, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China.
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15
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Sun XR, Yao ZM, Chen L, Huang J, Dong SY. Metabolic reprogramming regulates microglial polarization and its role in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:1065-1078. [PMID: 37339781 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The brain is quite sensitive to changes in energy supply because of its high energetic demand. Even small changes in energy metabolism may be the basis of impaired brain function, leading to the occurrence and development of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Abundant evidence supports that metabolic defects of brain energy during the post-reperfusion period, especially low glucose oxidative metabolism and elevated glycolysis levels, which play a crucial role in cerebral I/R pathophysiology. Whereas research on brain energy metabolism dysfunction under the background of cerebral I/R mainly focuses on neurons, the research on the complexity of microglia energy metabolism in cerebral I/R is just emerging. As resident immune cells of the central nervous system, microglia activate rapidly and then transform into an M1 or M2 phenotype to correspond to changes in brain homeostasis during cerebral I/R injury. M1 microglia release proinflammatory factors to promote neuroinflammation, while M2 microglia play a neuroprotective role by secreting anti-inflammatory factors. The abnormal brain microenvironment promotes the metabolic reprogramming of microglia, which further affects the polarization state of microglia and disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of M1/M2, resulting in the aggravation of cerebral I/R injury. Increasing evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming is a key driver of microglial inflammation. For example, M1 microglia preferentially produce energy through glycolysis, while M2 microglia provide energy primarily through oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we highlight the emerging significance of regulating microglial energy metabolism in cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zi-Meng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shu-Ying Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
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16
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Ji-hong Y, Yu M, Ling-hong Y, Jing-jing G, Ling-li X, Lv W, Yong-mei J. Baicalein attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibroblast senescence and lung fibrosis through restoration of Sirt3 expression. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:288-297. [PMID: 36815239 PMCID: PMC9970214 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2160767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fibroblast senescence was reported to contribute to the pathological development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and baicalein is reported to attenuate IPF. OBJECTIVE This study explores whether baicalein attenuates lung fibrosis by regulating lung fibroblast senescence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomly assigned to control, bleomycin (BLM), baicalein and BLM + baicalein groups. Lung fibrosis was established by a single intratracheal dose of BLM (3 mg/kg). The baicalein group received baicalein orally (100 mg/kg/day). Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) siRNA (50 μg) was injected through the tail vein once a week for 2 weeks to explore its effect on the anti-pulmonary fibrosis of baicalein. RESULTS BLM-treated mice exhibited obvious lung fibrosis and fibroblast senescence by showing increased levels of collagen deposition (27.29% vs. 4.14%), hydroxyproline (208.05 vs. 40.16 ng/mg), collagen I (25.18 vs. 9.15 μg/mg), p53, p21, p16, MCP-1, PAI-1, TNF-α, MMP-10 and MMP-12 in lung tissues, which were attenuated by baicalein. Baicalein also mitigated BLM-mediated activation of TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway. Baicalein restored the BLM-induced downregulation of Sirt3 expression in lung tissues and silencing of Sirt3 abolished the inhibitory role of baicalein against BLM-induced lung fibrosis, fibroblast senescence and activation of TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Baicalein preserved the BLM-induced downregulation of lung Sirt3 expression, and thus the suppression of TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway and lung fibrosis, which might provide an experimental basis for treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji-hong
- Department of Acute and Critical Care, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ma Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Baoshan Traditional Chinese Medicine-integrated Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Ling-hong
- Department of Acute and Critical Care, Changxing Branch of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Jing-jing
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Ling-li
- Department of Acute and Critical Care, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Lv
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yong-mei
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Tang J, Yan B, Tang Y, Zhou X, Ji Z, Xu F. Baicalein ameliorates oxidative stress and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway via miR-106a-5p/PHLPP2 axis. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1380-1393. [PMID: 35612366 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2080676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating stroke subtype. Baicalein (BAI) has been reported to be effective in ischemic stroke. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of BAI on brain injury after ICH. Firstly, ICH mouse models were established by injecting collagenase into the right of basal ganglia, followed by detection of neurobehavioral scores, brain edema, oxidative stress (OS) level, neuronal apoptosis and pathological changes. Average neurologic scores, brain water content, and blood-brain barrier permeability and MDA level in ICH mice were reduced after BAI treatment, while serum SOD and GSH-Px levels were increased and neuronal apoptosis and pathological injury of the brain tissues were mitigated. miR-106a-5p downregulation averted the effect of BAI on ICH mice. miR-106a-5p targeted PHLPP2 and PHLPP2 overexpression reversed the effect of BAI on ICH mice. BAI activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway by inhibiting PHLPP2 expression. In conclusion, BAI inhibited OS and protected against brain injury after ICH by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway through the miR-106a-5p/PHLPP2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People'Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingchao Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People'Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Tang
- Department of Nursing Basic Medicine Teaching and Research Section, Jiangsu Provincial Xuzhou Pharmaceutical Vocational College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Xuzhou College of Industrial Technolog, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziteng Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People'Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People'Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Mohamed SK, Ahmed AAE, Elkhoely A. Sertraline Pre-Treatment Attenuates Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced in Rats after Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion via Down Regulation of Neuronal CD163: Involvement of M1/M2 Polarization Interchange and Inhibiting Autophagy. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:657-673. [PMID: 37955765 PMCID: PMC10770270 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) is one of the neurovascular diseases which leads to severe brain deterioration. Haemorrhagic transformation (HT) is the main complication of ischemic stroke. It exacerbates by reperfusion, causing a more deleterious effect on the brain and death. The current study explored the protective effect of sertraline (Sert) against cerebral I/R in rats by inhibiting HT, together with the molecular pathways involved in this effect. Forty-eight wister male rats were divided into 4 groups: Sham, Sert + Sham, I/R, and Sert + I/R. The ischemic model was induced by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery for 20 min, then reperfusion for 24 h. Sertraline (20 mg/kg, p.o.) was administrated for 14 days before exposure to ischemia. Pre-treatment with Sert led to a significant attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, Sert attenuated phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases and nuclear factor kappa-p65 expression, consequently modulating microglial polarisation to M2 phenotype. Moreover, Sert prevented the hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke as indicated by the notable decrease in neuronal expression of CD163, activity of Heme oxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 levels. In the same context, Sert decreased levels of autophagy and apoptotic markers. Furthermore, histological examination, Toluidine blue, and Prussian blue stain aligned with the results. In conclusion, Sert protected against cerebral I/R damage by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptotic process. It is worth mentioning that our study was the first to show that Sert inhibited hemorrhagic transformation. The protective effect of sertraline against injury induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion via inhibiting Hemorrhagic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa K Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
| | - Amany A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Abeer Elkhoely
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
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19
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Pustelny K, Grygier P, Barzowska A, Pucelik B, Matsuda A, Mrowiec K, Slugocka E, Popowicz GM, Dubin G, Czarna A. Binding mechanism and biological effects of flavone DYRK1A inhibitors for the design of new antidiabetics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18114. [PMID: 37872245 PMCID: PMC10593742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective inhibition of kinases from the diabetic kinome is known to promote the regeneration of beta cells and provide an opportunity for the curative treatment of diabetes. The effect can be achieved by carefully tailoring the selectivity of inhibitor toward a particular kinase, especially DYRK1A, previously associated with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Recently DYRK1A inhibition has been shown to promote both insulin secretion and beta cells proliferation. Here, we show that commonly available flavones are effective inhibitors of DYRK1A. The observed biochemical activity of flavone compounds is confirmed by crystal structures solved at 2.06 Å and 2.32 Å resolution, deciphering the way inhibitors bind in the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase, which is driven by the arrangement of hydroxyl moieties. We also demonstrate antidiabetic properties of these biomolecules and prove that they could be further improved by therapy combined with TGF-β inhibitors. Our data will allow future structure-based optimization of the presented scaffolds toward potent, bioavailable and selective anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pustelny
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Grygier
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alex Matsuda
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mrowiec
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Emilia Slugocka
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz M Popowicz
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Czarna
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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20
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Xie X, Wang F, Ge W, Meng X, Fan L, Zhang W, Wang Z, Ding M, Gu S, Xing X, Sun X. Scutellarin attenuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175979. [PMID: 37611841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) seriously threatens human life and health. Scutellarin (Scu) exhibits neuroprotective effects, but little is known about its underlying mechanism. Therefore, we explored its protective effect on CIRI and the underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrated that Scu rescued HT22 cells from cytotoxicity induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Scu also showed antioxidant activity by promoting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, upregulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in vitro. Additionally, Scu reduced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity and the levels of pro-inflammatory factors. Interestingly, these effects were abolished by Nrf2 inhibition. Furthermore, Scu reduced infarct volume and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, improved sensorimotor functions and depressive behaviors, and alleviated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Mechanistically, Scu-induced Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and inactivation of NF-κB were accompanied by an enhanced level of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) both in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacologically inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway blocked Scu-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and inactivation of NF-κB, as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In summary, these results suggest that Scu exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in CIRI through Nrf2 activation mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueheng Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenxiu Ge
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- Kunming Longjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650503, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Kunming Longjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650503, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Shengliang Gu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.
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21
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Zhang L, Han Y, Wu X, Chen B, Liu S, Huang J, Kong L, Wang G, Ye Z. Research progress on the mechanism of curcumin in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: a narrative review. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1285-1303. [PMID: 37358747 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can result in different levels of cerebral impairment, and in severe cases, death. Curcumin, an essential bioactive component of turmeric, has a rich history as a traditional medicine for various ailments in numerous countries. Experimental and clinical research has established that curcumin offers a protective effect against cerebral I/R injury. Curcumin exerts its protective effects by acting on specific mechanisms such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, inhibition of ferroptosis and pyroptosis, protection of mitochondrial function and structure, reduction of excessive autophagy, and improvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which ultimately help to preserve the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reducing apoptosis. There is currently a shortage of drugs undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury, highlighting the pressing need for research and development of novel treatments to address this injury. The primary objective of this study is to establish a theoretical basis for future clinical applications of curcumin by delineating the mechanisms and protective effects of curcumin against cerebral I/R injury. Adapted with permission from [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Yibo Han
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xuelan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Shuaiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Junyang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Lingwen Kong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
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Seo HW, Ha TY, Ko G, Jang A, Choi JW, Lee DH, Chang KA. Scutellaria baicalensis Attenuated Neurological Impairment by Regulating Programmed Cell Death Pathway in Ischemic Stroke Mice. Cells 2023; 12:2133. [PMID: 37681864 PMCID: PMC10486384 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major global health problem that causes significant mortality and long-term disability. Post-stroke neurological impairment is a complication that is often underestimated with the risk of persistent neurological deficits. Although traditional Chinese medicines have a long history of being used for stroke, their scientific efficacy remains unclear. Scutellaria baicalensis, an herbal component known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has traditionally been used to treat brain disorders. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of the Scutellaria baicalensis extraction (SB) during the acute stage of ischemic stroke using photothrombotic (PTB)-induced and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model mice. We found that SB mitigated ischemic brain injury, as evidenced by a significant reduction in the modified neurological severity score in the acute stage of PTB and both the acute and chronic stages of tMCAO. Furthermore, we elucidated the regulatory role of SB in the necroptosis and pyroptosis pathways during the acute stage of stroke, underscoring its protective effects. Behavioral assessments demonstrated the effectiveness of SB in ameliorating motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment compared to the group receiving the vehicle. Our findings highlight the potential of SB as a promising therapeutic candidate for stroke. SB was found to help modulate the programmed cell death pathways, promote neuroprotection, and facilitate functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-won Seo
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (H.-w.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Tae-Young Ha
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea;
| | - Geon Ko
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (H.-w.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Aram Jang
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-hun Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (H.-w.S.); (G.K.)
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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23
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Zheng T, Jiang T, Huang Z, Ma H, Wang M. Role of traditional Chinese medicine monomers in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury:a review of the mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1220862. [PMID: 37654609 PMCID: PMC10467294 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1220862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological process wherein reperfusion of an ischemic organ or tissue exacerbates the injury, posing a significant health threat and economic burden to patients and their families. I/R triggers a multitude of physiological and pathological events, such as inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, neuronal cell death, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Hence, the development of effective therapeutic strategies targeting the pathological processes resulting from I/R is crucial for the rehabilitation and long-term enhancement of the quality of life in patients with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers refer to bioactive compounds extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, possessing anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, and the ability to modulate programmed cell death (PCD). TCM monomers have emerged as promising candidates for the treatment of CIRI and its subsequent complications. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that TCM monomers can enhance the recovery of neurological function following CIRI by mitigating oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, reducing neuronal cell death and functional impairment, as well as minimizing cerebral infarction volume. The neuroprotective effects of TCM monomers on CIRI have been extensively investigated, and a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms can pave the way for novel approaches to I/R treatment. This review aims to update and summarize evidence of the protective effects of TCMs in CIRI, with a focus on their role in modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, PCD, glutamate excitotoxicity, Ca2+ overload, as well as promoting blood-brain barrier repairment and angiogenesis. The main objective is to underscore the significant contribution of TCM monomers in alleviating CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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24
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Gao J, Su G, Chen W, Wu Q, Liu J, Liu J, Chai M, Dong Y, Wang H, Chen L, Zhang Z, Wang M. Mechanism of ligusticum cycloprolactam against neuroinflammation based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37308175 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ligustilide, a natural phthalide mainly derived from chuanxiong rhizomes and Angelica Sinensis roots, possesses anti-inflammatory activity, particularly in the context of the nervous system. However, its application is limited because of its unstable chemical properties. To overcome this limitation, ligusticum cycloprolactam (LIGc) was synthesized through structural modification of ligustilide. In this study, we combined network pharmacological methods with experimental verification to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and mechanisms of ligustilide and LIGc. Based on our network pharmacology analysis, we identified four key targets of ligustilide involved in exerting an anti-inflammatory effect, with the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signal pathway suggested as the main signalling pathway. To verify these results, we examined the expression of inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-related proteins, analysed the phosphorylation level of NF-κB, inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and inhibitor of κB kinase α and β (IKKα+β), and evaluated the effect of BV2 cell-conditioned medium on HT22 cells in vitro. Our results, demonstrate for the first time that LIGc can downregulate the activation of the NF-κB signal pathway in BV2 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide, suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines and reduce nerve injury in HT22 cells mediated by BV2 cells. These findings suggest that LIGc inhibits the neuroinflammatory response mediated by BV2 cells, providing strong scientific support for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs based on natural ligustilide or its derivatives. However, there are some limitations to our current study. In the future, further experiments using in vivo models may provide additional evidence to support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Su
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qionghui Wu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junxi Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jifei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Miao Chai
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenchang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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25
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Wang H, Li J, Zhang H, Wang M, Xiao L, Wang Y, Cheng Q. Regulation of microglia polarization after cerebral ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1182621. [PMID: 37361996 PMCID: PMC10285223 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1182621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke ranks second as a leading cause of death and permanent disability globally. Microglia, innate immune cells in the brain, respond rapidly to ischemic injury, triggering a robust and persistent neuroinflammatory reaction throughout the disease's progression. Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the mechanism of secondary injury in ischemic stroke and is a significant controllable factor. Microglia activation takes on two general phenotypes: the pro-inflammatory M1 type and the anti-inflammatory M2 type, although the reality is more complex. The regulation of microglia phenotype is crucial to controlling the neuroinflammatory response. This review summarized the key molecules and mechanisms of microglia polarization, function, and phenotypic transformation following cerebral ischemia, with a focus on the influence of autophagy on microglia polarization. The goal is to provide a reference for the development of new targets for the treatment for ischemic stroke treatment based on the regulation of microglia polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lifang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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26
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Chen B, Jin W. A comprehensive review of stroke-related signaling pathways and treatment in western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1200061. [PMID: 37351420 PMCID: PMC10282194 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the complex network of signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in stroke pathophysiology. It summarizes the historical progress of stroke-related signaling pathways, identifying potential interactions between them and emphasizing that stroke is a complex network disease. Of particular interest are the Hippo signaling pathway and ferroptosis signaling pathway, which remain understudied areas of research, and are therefore a focus of the review. The involvement of multiple signaling pathways, including Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and AMPK in pathophysiological mechanisms such as oxidative stress and apoptosis, highlights the complexity of stroke. The review also delves into the details of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies such as Rehmanniae and Astragalus, providing an analysis of the recent status of western medicine in the treatment of stroke and the advantages and disadvantages of TCM and western medicine in stroke treatment. The review proposes that since stroke is a network disease, TCM has the potential and advantages of a multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism of action in the treatment of stroke. Therefore, it is suggested that future research should explore more treasures of TCM and develop new therapies from the perspective of stroke as a network disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Ri MH, Xing Y, Zuo HX, Li MY, Jin HL, Ma J, Jin X. Regulatory mechanisms of natural compounds from traditional Chinese herbal medicines on the microglial response in ischemic stroke. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154889. [PMID: 37262999 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of clinically effective neuroprotective agents for stroke therapy is still a challenging task. Microglia play a critical role in brain injury and recovery after ischemic stroke. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs) are based on a unique therapeutic principle, have various formulas, and have long been widely used to treat stroke. Therefore, the active compounds in TCHMs and their underlying mechanisms of action are attracting increasing attention in the field of stroke drug development. PURPOSE To summarize the regulatory mechanisms of TCHM-derived natural compounds on the microglial response in animal models of ischemic stroke. METHODS We searched studies published until 10 April 2023 in the Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using the following keywords: natural compounds, natural products or phytochemicals, traditional Chinese Medicine or Chinese herbal medicine, microglia, and ischemic stroke. This review was prepared according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. RESULTS Natural compounds derived from TCHMs can attenuate the M1 phenotype of microglia, which is involved in the detrimental inflammatory response, via inhibition of NF-κB, MAPKs, JAK/STAT, Notch, TLR4, P2X7R, CX3CR1, IL-17RA, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and pro-oxidant enzymes. Additionally, the neuroprotective response of microglia with the M2 phenotype can be enhanced by activating Nrf2/HO-1, PI3K/AKT, AMPK, PPARγ, SIRT1, CB2R, TREM2, nAChR, and IL-33/ST2. Several clinical trials showed that TCHM-derived natural compounds that regulate microglial responses have significant and safe therapeutic effects, but further well-designed clinical studies are needed. CONCLUSIONS Further research regarding the direct targets and potential pleiotropic or synergistic effects of natural compounds would provide a more reasonable approach for regulation of the microglial response with the possibility of successful stroke drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong Hak Ri
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China; Faculty of Life Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Yue Xing
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Xiang Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Lan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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28
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Morshed AKMH, Paul S, Hossain A, Basak T, Hossain MS, Hasan MM, Hasibuzzaman MA, Rahaman TI, Mia MAR, Shing P, Sohel M, Bibi S, Dey D, Biswas P, Hasan MN, Ming LC, Tan CS. Baicalein as Promising Anticancer Agent: A Comprehensive Analysis on Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072128. [PMID: 37046789 PMCID: PMC10093079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant therapeutic advancements for cancer, an atrocious global burden (for example, health and economic) and radio- and chemo-resistance limit their effectiveness and result in unfavorable health consequences. Natural compounds are generally considered safer than synthetic drugs, and their use in cancer treatment alone, or in combination with conventional therapies, is increasingly becoming accepted. Interesting outcomes from pre-clinical trials using Baicalein in combination with conventional medicines have been reported, and some of them have also undergone clinical trials in later stages. As a result, we investigated the prospects of Baicalein, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the stems of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Oroxylum indicum Kurz, which targets a wide range of molecular changes that are involved in cancer development. In other words, this review is primarily driven by the findings from studies of Baicalein therapy in several cancer cell populations based on promising pre-clinical research. The modifications of numerous signal transduction mechanisms and transcriptional agents have been highlighted as the major players for Baicalein’s anti-malignant properties at the micro level. These include AKT serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT) as well as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, matrix metalloproteinases-2 & 9 (MMP-2 & 9), Wnt/-catenin, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB, Caspase-3/8/9, Smad4, Notch 1/Hes, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap 1), Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Src/Id1, ROS signaling, miR 183/ezrin, and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling cascades. The promise of Baicalein as an anti-inflammatory to anti-apoptotic/anti-angiogenic/anti-metastatic medicinal element for treating various malignancies and its capability to inhibit malignant stem cells, evidence of synergistic effects, and design of nanomedicine-based drugs are altogether well supported by the data presented in this review study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Helal Morshed
- Pathology and Pathophysiology, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Supti Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Arafat Hossain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Tuli Basak
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sanower Hossain
- Centre for Sustainability of Ecosystem and Earth Resources (Pusat ALAM), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan 26300, Malaysia
| | - Md. Mehedi Hasan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Al Hasibuzzaman
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjim Ishraq Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdur Rashid Mia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Pollob Shing
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Bioscience, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Dipta Dey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Hasan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ching Siang Tan
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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29
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Shan XQ, Luo YY, Chang J, Song JJ, Hao N, Zhao L. Immunomodulation: The next target of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the context of ischemic stroke. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:52-70. [PMID: 37007453 PMCID: PMC10052343 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i3.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is the most prevalent form of brain disease, characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality. However, there is still a lack of ideal prevention and treatment measures in clinical practice. Notably, the transplantation therapy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been a hot research topic in stroke. Nevertheless, there are risks associated with this cell therapy, including tumor formation, coagulation dysfunction, and vascular occlusion. Also, a growing number of studies suggest that the therapeutic effect after transplantation of MSCs is mainly attributed to MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos). And this cell-free mediated therapy appears to circumvent many risks and difficulties when compared to cell therapy, and it may be the most promising new strategy for treating stroke as stem cell replacement therapy. Studies suggest that suppressing inflammation via modulation of the immune response is an additional treatment option for IS. Intriguingly, MSC-Exos mediates the inflammatory immune response following IS by modulating the central nervous system, the peripheral immune system, and immunomodulatory molecules, thereby promoting neurofunctional recovery after stroke. Thus, this paper reviews the role, potential mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in post-IS inflammation in order to identify new research targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Shan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yong-Yin Luo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jun Chang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jing-Jing Song
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Nan Hao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
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30
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Zhao N, Gao Y, Jia H, Jiang X. Anti-apoptosis effect of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Apoptosis 2023; 28:702-729. [PMID: 36892639 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia, one of the leading causes of neurological dysfunction of brain cells, muscle dysfunction, and death, brings great harm and challenges to individual health, families, and society. Blood flow disruption causes decreased glucose and oxygen, insufficient to maintain normal brain tissue metabolism, resulting in intracellular calcium overload, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids, and inflammation, ultimately leading to neuronal cell necrosis, apoptosis, or neurological abnormalities. This paper summarizes the specific mechanism of cell injury that apoptosis triggered by reperfusion after cerebral ischemia, the related proteins involved in apoptosis, and the experimental progress of herbal medicine treatment through searching, analyzing, and summarizing the PubMed and Web Of Science databases, which includes active ingredients of herbal medicine, prescriptions, Chinese patent medicines, and herbal extracts, providing a new target or new strategy for drug treatment, and providing a reference for future experimental directions and using them to develop suitable small molecule drugs for clinical application. With the research of anti-apoptosis as the core, it is important to find highly effective, low toxicity, safe and cheap compounds from natural plants and animals with abundant resources to prevent and treat Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (CIR) and solve human suffering. In addition, understanding and summarizing the apoptotic mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, the microscopic mechanism of CIR treatment, and the cellular pathways involved will help to develop new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhe Gao
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xicheng Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
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31
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Wang Z, Song Y, Bai S, Xiang W, Zhou X, Han L, Zhu D, Guan Y. Imaging of microglia in post-stroke inflammation. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 118-119:108336. [PMID: 37028196 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Microglia constantly survey the central nervous system microenvironment and maintain brain homeostasis. Microglia activation, polarization and inflammatory response are of great importance in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. For exploring biochemical processes in vivo, positron emission tomography (PET) is a superior imaging tool. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), is a validated neuroinflammatory biomarker which is widely used to evaluate various central nervous system (CNS) pathologies in both preclinical and clinical studies. TSPO level can be elevated due to peripheral inflammatory cells infiltration and glial cells activation. Therefore, a clear understanding of the dynamic changes between microglia and TSPO is critical for interpreting PET studies and understanding the pathophysiology after ischemic stroke. Our review discusses alternative biological targets that have attracted considerable interest for the imaging of microglia activation in recent years, and the potential value of imaging of microglia in the assessment of stroke therapies.
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32
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Promising Role of the Scutellaria baicalensis Root Hydroxyflavone-Baicalein in the Prevention and Treatment of Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054732. [PMID: 36902160 PMCID: PMC10003701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant roots, due to a high content of natural antioxidants for many years, have been used in herbal medicine. It has been documented that the extract of Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) has hepatoprotective, calming, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Flavonoid compounds found in the extract, including baicalein, have strong antiradical activity, which improves overall health and increases feelings of well-being. Plant-derived bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity have for a long time been used as an alternative source of medicines to treat oxidative stress-related diseases. In this review, we summarized the latest reports on one of the most important aglycones with respect to the pharmacological activity and high content in Baikal skullcap, which is 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone (baicalein).
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Li S, Jin H, Duan J, Lu X, Qin Y, Song J, Li X, Jin X. Insights of Chinese herbal medicine for mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced cognitive impairment: Existed evidences and potential directions. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1138566. [PMID: 36843941 PMCID: PMC9950122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is one of the main pathophysiological markers of cognitive impairment in central nervous system diseases. Mitochondria are cores of energy generation and information process. Mitochondrial dysfunction is the key upstream factors of CCH induced neurovascular pathology. Increasing studies explored the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and self-repair for effective targets to improve CCH-related cognitive impairment. The clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of CCH induced cognitive impairment is definite. Existed evidences from pharmacological studies have further proved that, Chinese herbal medicine could improve mitochondrial dysfunction and neurovascular pathology after CCH by preventing calcium overload, reducing oxidative stress damage, enhancing antioxidant capacity, inhibiting mitochondria-related apoptosis pathway, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and preventing excessive activation of mitophagy. Besides, CCH mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the fundamental causes for neurodegeneration pathology aggravation. Chinese herbal medicine also has great potential therapeutic value in combating neurodegenerative diseases by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shixin Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Jin
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Duan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyue Lu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinglin Qin
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiale Song
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglan Jin
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xianglan Jin,
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34
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Liu K, Liu L, Guo H, Xu R, Liang X, Chen Y, Li H, Fu X, Wang X, Chen H, Li Y, Yang J. Redox Modulatory Cu(II)-Baicalein Microflowers Prepared in One Step Effectively Promote Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Diabetic Mice. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202010. [PMID: 36416442 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in multiple cellular processes, and an imbalance in redox homeostasis gives rise to diseases, therefore, reestablishing redox homeostasis is a way to cure. Here, copper-based metal-organic networks (Cu-MON) are generated by one-step reaction using anti-inflammatory and antioxidant baicalein as organic ligand and pro-angiogenic copper as metal ions. Phosphate buffered saline is required for triggering Cu-MON formation, and baicalein regulates the morphology and particle size of Cu-MON. Cu-MON are composed of Cu-baicalein complexes (82.08 wt%) and Cu3 (PO4 )2 ·3H2 O (17.92 wt%), thus exhibit a variable catalase-like activity against different H2 O2 levels due to the reversible change between Cu2+ /Cu1+ /Cu0 species. Intramuscular injection of Cu-MON significantly increases blood flow of ischemic limb in diabetic mice, enhances the relative activities of redox-related enzymes in ischemic muscle, thus effectively ameliorating the oxidative damage. Taken together, through moderate and dynamic "precise homeostasis regulation of cells," Cu-MON can be an efficient therapeutic strategy for peripheral arterial disease with diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Haoyang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.,School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Science, University of California Irvine, 209 Steinahus Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697-3958, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Youlu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Huiyang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xue Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.,Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union College, Tianjin, China
| | - Houzao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.,Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union College, Tianjin, China
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35
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Wang H, Sun Y, Guo W, Wang J, Gao J, Peng W, Gu J. Identification and high-throughput quantification of baicalein and its metabolites in plasma and urine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115853. [PMID: 36272493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. contains varieties of function compounds, and it has been used as traditional drug for centuries. Baicalein is the highest amount of flavonoid found in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi., which exerts various pharmacological activities and might be a promising drug to treat COVID-19. AIM OF THE STUDY The present work aims to investigate the metabolism of baicalein in humans after oral administration, and study the pharmacokinetics of BA and its seven metabolites in plasma and urine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolism profiling and the identification of baicalein metabolites were performed on HPLC-Q-TOF. Then a column-switching method named MPX™-2 system was applied for the high-throughput quantificationof BA and seven metabolites. RESULTS Seven metabolites were identified using HPLC-Q-TOF, including sulfate, glucuronide, glucoside, and methyl-conjugated metabolites. Pharmacokinetic study found that BA was extensively metabolized in vivo, and only 5.65% of the drug remained intact in the circulatory system after single dosing. Baicalein-7-O-sulfate and baicalein-6-O-glucuronide-7-O-glucuronide were the most abundant metabolites. About 7.2% of the drug was excreted through urine and mostly was metabolites. CONCLUSION Seven conjugated metabolites were identified in our assay. A high-throughput HPLC-MS/MS method using column switch was established for quantifying BA and its metabolites. The method has good sensitivity and reproducibility, and successfully applied for the clinical pharmacokinetic study of baicalein and identified metabolites. We expect that our results will provide a metabolic and pharmacokinetic foundation for the potential application of baicalein in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Yantong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Jingyi Gao
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Wenwen Peng
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China; Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism, Beijing, 102209, PR China.
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36
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Hao L, Yang Y, Xu X, Guo X, Zhan Q. Modulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells on microglia in ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1073958. [PMID: 36742051 PMCID: PMC9889551 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1073958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke accounts for 70-80% of all stroke cases. Immunity plays an important role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Microglia are the first line of defense in the central nervous system. Microglial functions are largely dependent on their pro-inflammatory (M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotype. Modulating neuroinflammation via targeting microglia polarization toward anti-inflammatory phenotype might be a novel treatment for ischemic stroke. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have been demonstrated to modulate microglia activation and phenotype polarization. In this review, we summarize the physiological characteristics and functions of microglia in the healthy brain, the activation and polarization of microglia in stroke brain, the effects of MSC/MSC-EVs on the activation of MSC in vitro and in vivo, and possible underlying mechanisms, providing evidence for a possible novel therapeutics for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Department of Neurology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongtao Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuming Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Xiuming Guo ✉
| | - Qunling Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China,Qunling Zhan ✉
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37
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Liu Y, Chang D, Liu T, Zhou X. Natural product-based bioactive agents in combination attenuate neuroinflammation in a tri-culture model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1135934. [PMID: 36873986 PMCID: PMC9979791 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1135934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Neuroinflammation is an important pathological event contributing to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The hyperactivation of microglia triggers the release of excessive proinflammatory mediators that lead to the leaky blood-brain barrier and impaired neuronal survival. Andrographolide (AN), baicalein (BA) and 6-shogaol (6-SG) possess anti-neuroinflammatory properties through diverse mechanisms of action. The present study aims to investigate the effects of the pair-combinations of these bioactive compounds in attenuating neuroinflammation. Methods: A tri-culture model with microglial N11 cells, microvascular endothelial MVEC(B3) cells, and neuroblastoma N2A cells was established in a transwell system. AN, BA and 6-SG used alone (25 µM) or in pair-wised combinations (12.5 + 12.5 µM) were subjected to the tri-culture system. Upon the stimulation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) at 1 μg/mL, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were determined by ELISA assays. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to investigate the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) on N11 cells, expressions of protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) on MVEC cells and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) on N2A cells, respectively. The endothelial barrier permeability of MVEC cells was assessed by the Evans blue dye, and the resistance from the endothelial barrier was measured by transepithelial/endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) value. Neuronal survival of N2A cells was determined by Alamar blue and MTT assays. Results: Combinations of AN-SG and BA-SG synergistically lowered the TNF and IL-6 levels in LPS-induced N11 cells. Remarkably, the combined anti-neuroinflammatory effects of AN-SG and BA-SG remained significantly greater compared to their individual components at the same concentration level. The molecular mechanism of the attenuated neuroinflammation was likely to be mediated by downregulation of NF-κB p65 translocation (p < 0.0001 vs. LPS stimulation) in N11 cells. In the MVEC cells, both AN-SG and BA-SG restored TEER values, ZO-1 expression and reduced permeability. Furthermore, AN-SG and BA-SG significantly improved neuronal survival and reduced expressions of p-tau on N2A cells. Discussion: The AN-SG and BA-SG combinations showed greater anti-neuroinflammatory potential than those used alone in mono- and tri-cultured N11 cells, thereby further protecting endothelial tight junction and neuronal survival. Taken together, AN-SG and BA-SG may provide improved anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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38
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Niu P, Li L, Zhang Y, Su Z, Wang B, Liu H, Zhang S, Qiu S, Li Y. Immune regulation based on sex differences in ischemic stroke pathology. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1087815. [PMID: 36793730 PMCID: PMC9923235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the world's leading causes of death and disability. It has been established that gender differences in stroke outcomes prevail, and the immune response after stroke is an important factor affecting patient outcomes. However, gender disparities lead to different immune metabolic tendencies closely related to immune regulation after stroke. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the role and mechanism of immune regulation based on sex differences in ischemic stroke pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China.,Huzhou Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation for Neuro Modulation, Huzhou, China
| | - Liqin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China.,Huzhou Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation for Neuro Modulation, Huzhou, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China.,Huzhou Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation for Neuro Modulation, Huzhou, China
| | - Zhongzhou Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China.,Huzhou Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation for Neuro Modulation, Huzhou, China
| | - Binghao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China.,Huzhou Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation for Neuro Modulation, Huzhou, China
| | - He Liu
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation for Neuro Modulation, Huzhou, China
| | - Shehong Zhang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation for Neuro Modulation, Huzhou, China
| | - Sheng Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China.,Huzhou Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation for Neuro Modulation, Huzhou, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China.,Huzhou Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation for Neuro Modulation, Huzhou, China
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39
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Dulaglutide Improves Gliosis and Suppresses Apoptosis/Autophagy Through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Vascular Dementia Rats. Neurochem Res 2022; 48:1561-1579. [PMID: 36571662 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dulaglutide is a new type of hypoglycemic agent that agonizes glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1RA). It can be concluded from previous studies that a GLP-1RA can reduce apoptosis and regulate autophagy in the nervous system, while related research on dulaglutide in vascular dementia (VD) has not been reported. In our study, the VD rat model was established by bilateral carotid artery occlusion, and the results of the Morris water maze test (MWM) and open-field test showed that the application of dulaglutide could effectively reduce the cognitive decline of VD rats without changing the behavior in the open-field test, which was used to assess an anxiety-like phenotype. We applied HE staining and immunofluorescence labeling to show that dulaglutide treatment significantly alleviated neuronal damage in the hippocampal region of VD rats, and reduced microglial and astrocyte proliferation. Western blot results showed that dulaglutide reduced VD-induced neuronal apoptosis (BCL2/BAX, c-caspase3) and autophagy (P62, LC3B, Beclin-1), and upregulated phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. KEGG pathway analysis of RNA-Sequence results showed that the differentially expressed genes in the dulaglutide treatment group were significantly enriched in the mTOR signaling pathway, and the repressor of mTOR, Deptor, was down-regulated. In conclusion, this study suggested that dulaglutide may alleviate learning and memory impairment and neuron damage in VD rats by attenuating apoptosis, regulating autophagy, and activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in neurons, which may make it a promising candidate for the simultaneous treatment of VD and diabetes.
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Pan L, Tang WD, Wang K, Fang QF, Liu MR, Wu ZX, Wang Y, Cui SL, Hu G, Hou TJ, Hu WW, Chen Z, Zhang XN. Novel Caspase-1 inhibitor CZL80 improves neurological function in mice after progressive ischemic stroke within a long therapeutic time-window. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2817-2827. [PMID: 35501362 PMCID: PMC9622895 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00913-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive ischemic stroke (PIS) is featured by progressive neurological dysfunction after ischemia. Ischemia-evoked neuroinflammation is implicated in the progressive brain injury after cerebral ischemia, while Caspase-1, an active component of inflammasome, exaggerates ischemic brain injury. Current Caspase-1 inhibitors are inadequate in safety and druggability. Here, we investigated the efficacy of CZL80, a novel Caspase-1 inhibitor, in mice with PIS. Mice and Caspase-1-/- mice were subjected to photothrombotic (PT)-induced cerebral ischemia. CZL80 (10, 30 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p.) was administered for one week after PT onset. The transient and the progressive neurological dysfunction (as foot faults in the grid-walking task and forelimb symmetry in the cylinder task) was assessed on Day1 and Day4-7, respectively, after PT onset. Treatment with CZL80 (30 mg/kg) during Day1-7 significantly reduced the progressive, but not the transient neurological dysfunction. Furthermore, we showed that CZL80 administered on Day4-7, when the progressive neurological dysfunction occurred, produced significant beneficial effects against PIS, suggesting an extended therapeutic time-window. CZL80 administration could improve the neurological function even as late as Day43 after PT. In Caspase-1-/- mice with PIS, the beneficial effects of CZL80 were abolished. We found that Caspase-1 was upregulated during Day4-7 after PT and predominantly located in activated microglia, which was coincided with the progressive neurological deficits, and attenuated by CZL80. We showed that CZL80 administration did not reduce the infarct volume, but significantly suppressed microglia activation in the peri-infarct cortex, suggesting the involvement of microglial inflammasome in the pathology of PIS. Taken together, this study demonstrates that Caspase-1 is required for the progressive neurological dysfunction in PIS. CZL80 is a promising drug to promote the neurological recovery in PIS by inhibiting Caspase-1 within a long therapeutic time-window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Pan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Dong Tang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi-Feng Fang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meng-Ru Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhan-Xun Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Sun-Liang Cui
- Department of Pharmachemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ting-Jun Hou
- Department of Pharmachemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Wei Hu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Xiang-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Chen Y, Peng F, Xing Z, Chen J, Peng C, Li D. Beneficial effects of natural flavonoids on neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006434. [PMID: 36353622 PMCID: PMC9638012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is the fundamental immune response against multiple factors in the central nervous system and is characterized by the production of inflammatory mediators, activated microglia and astrocytes, and the recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells to inflammatory sites, that contributes to the pathological process of related brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and stroke. Flavonoids, as a species of important natural compounds, have been widely revealed to alleviate neuroinflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, elevating the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, and modulating the polarization of microglia and astrocyte, mainly via suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways, promoting Nrf2, AMPK, BDNF/CREB, Wnt/β-Catenin, PI3k/Akt signals and SIRT1-mediated HMGB1 deacetylation. This review will provide the latest and comprehensive knowledge on the therapeutic benefits and mechanisms of natural flavonoids in neuroinflammation, and the natural flavonoids might be developed into food supplements or lead compounds for neuroinflammation-associated brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziwei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Peng, ; Dan Li,
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Peng, ; Dan Li,
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Guo Y, Dai W, Zheng Y, Qiao W, Chen W, Peng L, Zhou H, Zhao T, Liu H, Zheng F, Sun P. Mechanism and Regulation of Microglia Polarization in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207080. [PMID: 36296682 PMCID: PMC9611828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal subtype of stroke, but effective treatments are lacking, and neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis. In the innate immune response to cerebral hemorrhage, microglia first appear around the injured tissue and are involved in the inflammatory cascade response. Microglia respond to acute brain injury by being activated and polarized to either a typical M1-like (pro-inflammatory) or an alternative M2-like (anti-inflammatory) phenotype. These two polarization states produce pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. With the discovery of the molecular mechanisms and key signaling molecules related to the polarization of microglia in the brain, some targets that regulate the polarization of microglia to reduce the inflammatory response are considered a treatment for secondary brain tissue after ICH damage effective strategies. Therefore, how to promote the polarization of microglia to the M2 phenotype after ICH has become the focus of attention in recent years. This article reviews the mechanism of action of microglia’s M1 and M2 phenotypes in secondary brain injury after ICH. Moreover, it discusses compounds and natural pharmaceutical ingredients that can polarize the M1 to the M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Weibo Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan 528401, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Weilin Qiao
- Zhongshan Zhongzhi Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528411, China
| | - Weixuan Chen
- Zhongshan Zhongzhi Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528411, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Zhongshan Zhongzhi Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528411, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (H.L.); (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Huimin Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (H.L.); (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362002, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (H.L.); (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Peng Sun
- Innovation Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (H.L.); (F.Z.); (P.S.)
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Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Kangxian Decoction for Epilepsy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3333878. [PMID: 36193133 PMCID: PMC9525756 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3333878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Kangxian decoction (KXD) has been used in clinical practice to treat epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to explore the active components of KXD and clarify its antiepileptic mechanism through network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods The components of KXD were collected from the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM) database and the literature was searched. Then, active ingredients were screened by SwissADME and potential targets were predicted by the SwissTargetPrediction database. Epilepsy-related differentially expressed genes were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A component-target-pathway network was constructed with Cytoscape. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and protein‒protein interaction network analysis revealed the potential mechanism and critical targets. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and box plots in microarray data validated the good diagnostic value and significant differential expression of these critical genes. Molecular docking verified the association between active ingredients and essential target proteins. Results In our study, we screened the important compounds of KXD for epilepsy, including quercetin, baicalin, kaempferol, yohimbine, geissoschizine methyl ether, baicalein, etc. KXD may exert its therapeutic effect on epilepsy through the following targets: PTGS2, MMP9, CXCL8, ERBB2, and ARG1, acting on the following pathways: neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, arachidonic acid metabolism, IL-17, TNF, NF-kappa B, and MAPK signaling pathways. The molecular docking results showed that the active ingredients in KXD exhibited good binding ability to the key targets. Conclusion In this study, we explored the possibility that KXD for epilepsy may act on multiple targets through multiple active ingredients, involving neurotransmitters and neuroinflammatory pathways, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent clinical and experimental studies that will help develop effective new drugs to treat epilepsy.
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Mo Y, Xu W, Fu K, Chen H, Wen J, Huang Q, Guo F, Mo L, Yan J. The dual function of microglial polarization and its treatment targets in ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:921705. [PMID: 36212660 PMCID: PMC9538667 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.921705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide, with ischemic stroke occurring in ~5% of the global population every year. Recently, many studies have been conducted on the inflammatory response after stroke. Microglial/macrophage polarization has a dual function and is critical to the pathology of ischemic stroke. Microglial/macrophage activation is important in reducing neuronal apoptosis, enhancing neurogenesis, and promoting functional recovery after ischemic stroke. In this review, we investigate the physiological characteristics and functions of microglia in the brain, the activation and phenotypic polarization of microglia and macrophages after stroke, the signaling mechanisms of polarization states, and the contribution of microglia to brain pathology and repair. We summarize recent advances in stroke-related microglia research, highlighting breakthroughs in therapeutic strategies for microglial responses after stroke, thereby providing new ideas for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaijing Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hainan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Rheumatism, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qianrong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Fangzhou Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Ligen Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Ligen Mo
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Yan
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Wang L, Sun Y, Kong F, Jiang Y, An M, Jin B, Cao D, Li R, Guan X, Liang S, Abudurexiti S, Gong P. Mild Hypothermia Alleviates Complement C5a-Induced Neuronal Autophagy During Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury After Cardiac Arrest. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01275-8. [PMID: 36006573 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
After restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following cardiac arrest, complements can be activated and excessive autophagy can contribute to the brain ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mild hypothermia (HT) protects against brain I/R injury after ROSC, but the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that HT significantly inhibited the increases in serum NSE, S100β, and C5a, as well as neurologic deficit scores, TUNEL-positive cells, and autophagic vacuoles in the pig brain cortex after ROSC. The C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) mRNA and the C5a, C5aR1, Beclin 1, LC3-II, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were significantly increased, but the P62 protein and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins were significantly reduced in pigs after ROSC or neuronal oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. HT could significantly attenuate the above changes in NT-treated neurons. Furthermore, C5a treatment induced autophagy and apoptosis and reduced the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins in cultured neurons, which could be reversed by C5aR1 antagonist PMX205. Our findings demonstrated that C5a could bind to C5aR1 to induce neuronal autophagy during the brain I/R injury, which was associated with the inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. HT could inhibit C5a-induced neuronal autophagy by regulating the C5a-C5aR1 interaction and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which might be one of the neuroprotective mechanisms underlying I/R injury. The C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) mRNA and the C5a, C5aR1, Beclin 1, LC3-II, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were significantly increased, but the P62 protein and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins were significantly reduced in pigs after ROSC or neuronal oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. Mild hypothermia (HT) could significantly attenuate the above changes in NT-treated neurons. Furthermore, C5a treatment induced autophagy and apoptosis and reduced the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins in cultured neurons, which could be reversed by C5aR1 antagonist PMX205. Proposed mechanism by which HT protects against brain I/R injury by repressing C5a-C5aR1-induced excessive autophagy. Complement activation in response to brain I/R injury generates C5a that can interact with C5aR1 to inactivate mTOR, probably through the PI3K-AKT pathway, which can finally lead to autophagy activation. The excessively activated autophagy ultimately contributes to cell apoptosis and brain injury. HT may alleviate complement activation and then reduce C5a-induced autophagy to protect against brain I/R injury. HT, mild hypothermia; I/R, ischemia reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.,Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Fang Kong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengmeng An
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Beibei Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Da Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruifang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaolan Guan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuangshuang Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Subi Abudurexiti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
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Qizhi Kebitong Formula Ameliorates Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Osteoporosis through Regulating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4469766. [PMID: 36046447 PMCID: PMC9420605 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4469766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a progressive osteoblast dysfunction induced by high glucose, which has negative impacts on bone homeostasis. Qizhi Kebitong formula (QKF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for treating DOP. However, its role in the protection of DOP has not been clarified yet. Here, we aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of QKF on DOP development via in vivo experiment. Methods Network pharmacology was used to detect the key targets and signaling pathways of QKF on DOP. The effects of QKF on DOP were examined by the phenotypic characteristics, micro-CT, and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The predicted targets and pathways were validated by a streptozocin- (STZ-) induced mouse model. Subsequently, the levels of the selected genes and proteins were analyzed using qRT-PCR and Western blot. Finally, AutoDock and PyMOL were used for molecular docking. Results In this study, 90 active compounds and 2970 related disease targets have been found through network pharmacology. And QKF could improve the microstructures of femur bone mass, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, and downregulate the levels of TNF-α, IKBKB, IL-6, and IL-1β. Moreover, the underlying effect of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathways was also recommended in the treatment. Conclusion Altogether, our findings suggested that QKF could markedly alleviate osteoblast dysfunction by modulating the key targets and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Cheng X, Hu J, Liu X, Tibenda JJ, Wang X, Zhao Q. Therapeutic targets by traditional Chinese medicine for ischemia-reperfusion injury induced apoptosis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934256. [PMID: 36060007 PMCID: PMC9437626 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a significant role in treating and preventing human diseases. Ischemic heart and cerebrovascular injuries are two types of diseases with different clinical manifestations with high prevalence and incidence. In recent years, it has been reported that many TCM has beneficial effects on ischemic diseases through the inhibition of apoptosis, which is the key target to treat myocardial and cerebral ischemia. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of various TCMs in treating ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases through anti-apoptotic targets and pathways. However, clinical investigations into elucidating the pharmacodynamic ingredients of TCM are still lacking, which should be further demystified in the future. Overall, the inhibition of apoptosis by TCM may be an effective strategy for treating ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Preparation Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | | | - Xiaobo Wang
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang, ; Qipeng Zhao,
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education (Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang, ; Qipeng Zhao,
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Li M, Meng Z, Yu S, Li J, Wang Y, Yang W, Wu H. Baicalein ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via regulating GPX4/ACSL4/ACSL3 axis. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 366:110137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Zhao H, Yang Y, Si X, Liu H, Wang H. The Role of Pyroptosis and Autophagy in Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12071010. [PMID: 35883566 PMCID: PMC9313059 DOI: 10.3390/biom12071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a process of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin (GSDM) found in recent years. In the process of pyroptosis, caspase-1 or caspase-11/4/5 is activated, which cleaves gasdermin D and separates its N-terminal pore-forming domain (PFD). The oligomers of PFD bind to the cell membrane and form macropores on the membrane, resulting in cell swelling and membrane rupture. Increasing evidence indicates that pyroptosis is involved in many diseases, including ischemia reperfusion injury. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process in eukaryotic cells. It plays an important role in the survival and maintenance of cells by degrading organelles, proteins, and macromolecules in the cytoplasm and recycling degradation products. Increasing evidence shows that dysfunctional autophagy participates in many diseases. Recently, autophagy and pyroptosis have been reported to play a vital role in the process of ischemia/reperfusion injury, but the related mechanisms are not completely clear. Therefore, this article reviews the role of autophagy and pyroptosis in ischemia–reperfusion injury and analyzes the related mechanisms to provide a basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhao
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Yihan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Y.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Xinya Si
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Huiyang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Y.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Honggang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Y.Y.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Polyphenols for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: New Applications and Insights. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134181. [PMID: 35807426 PMCID: PMC9268254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Currently, the main therapeutic strategy involves the use of intravenous thrombolysis to restore cerebral blood flow to prevent the transition of the penumbra to the infarct core. However, due to various limitations and complications, including the narrow time window in which this approach is effective, less than 10% of patients benefit from such therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies, with neuroprotection against the ischemic cascade response after IS being one of the most promising options. In the past few decades, polyphenolic compounds have shown great potential in animal models of IS because of their high biocompatibility and ability to target multiple ischemic cascade signaling pathways, although low bioavailability is an issue that limits the applications of several polyphenols. Here, we review the pathophysiological changes following cerebral ischemia and summarize the research progress regarding the applications of polyphenolic compounds in the treatment of IS over the past 5 years. Furthermore, we discuss several potential strategies for improving the bioavailability of polyphenolic compounds as well as some essential issues that remain to be addressed for the translation of the related therapies to the clinic.
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