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Zhu X, Yuan J, Qu H, Hou F, Mao C, Lei J, Cao X, Li L. Effects of different proportions of fruit tree branches on nicotine content and microbial diversity during composting of tobacco waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121568. [PMID: 38936024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Adding fruit tree branches to the compost pile in appropriate proportions is one of the methods used to address the challenge of tobacco waste recycling. However, the effects of different proportions of fruit tree branches on nicotine concentration and microbial diversity during tobacco waste composting have not been reported. In this study, a composting system with tobacco waste, cow dung, and fruit tree branches was established in a laboratory fermenter to assess the impact of adding 10%, 20%, and 30% fruit tree branches on quantity changes. In addition, the relationships between nicotine degradation, compost properties, enzyme activities, and microbial diversities were determined using biochemical assay methods and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that adding appropriate proportions of fruit branch segments affected changes in physical and chemical properties during composting and promoted tobacco waste compost maturity. Aerobic composting effectively degraded nicotine in tobacco waste. Increased proportions of fruit branch segments led to elevations in nicotine degradation rates and enzyme activities related to lignocellulose degradation. The addition of fruit branches influenced the relative abundance and species of dominant bacteria and fungi at the phylum and genus levels. However, it did not significantly affect the relative abundance of the main bacterial genera involved in nicotine degradation. Nevertheless, it reduced the sensitivity of enzyme activity to nicotine content within heaps, increasing reliance on total nitrogen changes. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of tobacco waste in composting systems and indicate that fruit tree branches can enhance nicotine degradation efficiency during tobacco waste composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhu
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030031, PR China
| | - Jiali Yuan
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030031, PR China
| | - Haoli Qu
- Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, PR China
| | - Fuen Hou
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030031, PR China
| | | | - Jun Lei
- Shanxi Kunming Tobacco Co., Ltd, PR China
| | - Xiuli Cao
- Shanxi Kunming Tobacco Co., Ltd, PR China.
| | - Lei Li
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030031, PR China.
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Xiang F, Sheng J, Li G, Ma J, Wang X, Jiang C, Zhang Z. Black soldier fly larvae vermicompost alters soil biochemistry and bacterial community composition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4315-4328. [PMID: 35595931 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L. BSFL) bioconversion is a promising biotechnology for food waste recycling, yet little is known about how BSFL vermicompost affects soil health in terms of element availability and related microbial response. In this work, a field soil experiment for luffa (Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem.) growth was conducted to examine the impacts of BSFL vermicompost (BV, 9750 kg ha-1, equal to total N input rate of chemically treated soil (CK)) on soil biochemistry and bacterial communities. Relative to CK, application of BV significantly increased total soil carbon by 149% and enhanced catalase and urease activity by 59.2% and 16.2%, respectively. BV increased the degree of aromaticity and humification in dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil by 28.6% and 27.3%, respectively, compared to CK treatment. Among bacterial communities in soil, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the phyla that showed the most substantial alteration in response to BV. Redundancy analysis further revealed that the bacterial community structure was affected by DOM and total phosphorus. Functional analyses indicated that BV enhanced xylanolysis (55.4%) and nitrogen fixation (46.3%), but inhibited nitrification (59.8%). BSFL vermicompost input might effectively prevent the harm of soil borne pathogens (e.g., wilt). Moreover, these function groups strongly correlated with Clostridiales, Actinomycetales, and Nitrospirales. Our study reveals that BSFL vermicompost promoted soil nutrient availability, microbial community succession, and biochemical function optimization, which is conducive to the popularization and application of BSFL vermicompost in the field of soil health. KEY POINTS: • Vermicompost enhanced catalase and urease levels while increased DOM aromaticity. • Vermicompost enriched Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and improved soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- FangMing Xiang
- College of Natural Research and Environmental Sciences, ZheJiang University, YuHangTang Ave 688ZheJiang Province, HangZhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - JianLin Sheng
- HangZhou GuSheng Technology Company Limited, XiangWang Ave 311118, HangZhou, 311121, People's Republic of China.,ZheJiang FuMei Biotechnology Company Limited, PingYao Future Complex Park, PingYao Ave, HangZhou, 311115, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Yangtze Delta Region Healthy Agriculture Institute, TongXiang Economic HiTech Zone, Building 12#, Development Ave 133, TongXiang, 314515, People's Republic of China
| | - JingJin Ma
- College of Natural Research and Environmental Sciences, ZheJiang University, YuHangTang Ave 688ZheJiang Province, HangZhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.,HangZhou GuSheng Technology Company Limited, XiangWang Ave 311118, HangZhou, 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - XianZhe Wang
- College of Natural Research and Environmental Sciences, ZheJiang University, YuHangTang Ave 688ZheJiang Province, HangZhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.,ZheJiang FuMei Biotechnology Company Limited, PingYao Future Complex Park, PingYao Ave, HangZhou, 311115, People's Republic of China
| | - ChengLiang Jiang
- HangZhou GuSheng Technology Company Limited, XiangWang Ave 311118, HangZhou, 311121, People's Republic of China.,ZheJiang FuMei Biotechnology Company Limited, PingYao Future Complex Park, PingYao Ave, HangZhou, 311115, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiJian Zhang
- College of Natural Research and Environmental Sciences, ZheJiang University, YuHangTang Ave 688ZheJiang Province, HangZhou, 310058, People's Republic of China. .,China Academy of West Region Development, ZheJiang University, YuHangTang Ave 866, HangZhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Di H, Wang R, Ren X, Deng J, Deng X, Bu G. Co-composting of fresh tobacco leaves and soil: an exploration on the utilization of fresh tobacco waste in farmland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:8191-8204. [PMID: 34482470 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of fresh tobacco waste with high water content are produced in farmland, and it may cause environmental pollution if it is not properly treated. The fresh tobacco waste is not easily collected and transported, resulting in its centralized treatment is expensive. This study is to clarify whether it is feasible to treat fresh tobacco wastes by co-composting of them and soil in farmland and applied the obtained compost product into the soil instead of a part of tobacco-specific fertilizer. The results showed that, compared with that in original soil, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, and Coprinus of the co-composted products increased by roughly 244%, 323%, and 675%, respectively, and effective nitrogen and available potassium increased by roughly 157% and 132%, respectively. In addition, the nicotine content in co-composted products decreased dramatically compared with the discarded tobacco leaves. The application of the co-composted products and 20% fertilizer amount (15 g/plant) (YD5) exhibited the highest relative abundance of beneficial microbial communities in the soil and the best growth of tobacco plants. The co-composting of fresh tobacco waste and soil in farmland is an effective measure to treat the fresh tobacco waste, and its products increased beneficial microorganisms and stimulate the growth of tobacco plants by replacing an amount of the fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Di
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Enshi Tobacco Company of Hubei Province Corporation, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Enshi Tobacco Company of Hubei Province Corporation, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Xiaohong Ren
- Enshi Tobacco Company of Hubei Province Corporation, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Jianqiang Deng
- Enshi Tobacco Company of Hubei Province Corporation, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Xiaohua Deng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Guijun Bu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
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Differential Effects of Homologous Transcriptional Regulators NicR2A, NicR2B1, and NicR2B2 and Endogenous Ectopic Strong Promoters on Nicotine Metabolism in Pseudomonas sp. Strain JY-Q. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02457-20. [PMID: 33187996 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02457-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is a toxic environmental pollutant that widely exists in tobacco wastes. As a natural nicotine-degrading strain, Pseudomonas sp. strain JY-Q still has difficulties degrading high concentrations of nicotine. In this study, we investigated the effect of two homologous transcriptional regulators and endogenous ectopic strong promoters on the efficiency of nicotine degradation. Comparative genomics analysis showed that two homologous transcriptional regulators, namely, NicR2A and NicR2Bs (NicR2B1 plus NicR2B2), can repress nicotine degradation gene expression. When both nicR2A and nicR2Bs were deleted, the resulting mutant JY-Q ΔnicR2A ΔnicR2B1 ΔnicR2B2 (QΔABs) exhibits a 17% higher nicotine degradation efficiency than wild-type JY-Q. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that the transcription levels (fragments per kilobase per million [FPKM] value) of six genes were higher than those of the other genes in JY-Q. Based on the genetic organization of these genes, three putative promoters, PRS28250 , PRS09985 , and PRS24685 , were identified. Their promoter activities were evaluated by comparing their expression levels using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). We found that the transcription levels of RS28250, RS09985, and RS24685 were respectively 16.8, 2.6, and 1.6 times higher than that of hspB2, encoding 6-hydroxy-3-succinylpyridine hydroxylase, which is involved in nicotine degradation. Thus, two strong endogenous promoters, namely, PRS28250 and PRS09985 , were selected to replace the original promoters of nic2 gene clusters. The effect of the endogenous ectopic promoter was also related to the position of target gene clusters. When the promoter PRS28250 replaced the promoter of hspB2, the resultant mutant QΔABs-ΔPhspB2 ::PRS28250 exhibited nicotine-degrading efficiency 69% higher than that of JY-Q. This research suggests a feasible strategy to enhance strains' capacity for nicotine degradation by removal of repressing regulatory proteins and replacing the target promoter with strong endogenous ectopic promoters.IMPORTANCE This study evaluated the differential effects of homologous NicR2A and NicR2Bs and endogenous ectopic strong promoters on nicotine metabolism in Pseudomonas sp. strain JY-Q. Based on our differential analysis, a feasible strategy is presented to modify wild-type (WT) strain JY-Q by removing repressing regulatory proteins NicR2A and NicR2Bs and replacing the target promoter with strong endogenous ectopic promoters. The resulting mutants exhibited high tolerance and degradation of nicotine. These findings should be beneficial for improving the pollutant-degrading capacity of natural strains through genomic modification.
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Qu J, Zhang L, Zhang X, Gao L, Tian Y. Biochar combined with gypsum reduces both nitrogen and carbon losses during agricultural waste composting and enhances overall compost quality by regulating microbial activities and functions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123781. [PMID: 32652451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an efficient method for treating agricultural wastes. This study investigated the effects of the addition of biochar (B) and gypsum (G) to straw mixed with chicken manure (SC) (i.e. SC, SC + B, SC + G and SC + B + G) on composting performance at different initial C/N ratios (20, 25 and 30). In general, biochar combined with gypsum (BCG) efficiently shortened composting time and reduced N loss, C loss and potential ecological risk. It also enhanced lignocellulose decomposition, nutrient retention and the overall compost quality expressed by a compost quality index (CQI), and increased the biomass of four different test crops. The BCG-induced increase in CQI was closely associated with microbial enzyme activities and C catabolic profiles. These results indicated that the combination of biochar and gypsum is more effective than each single additive during composting, and emphasized that microbial activities and functions play pivotal roles in determining compost quality and thereby agronomic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Germplasm Resources, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Huanghe East Road No. 590, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Institute of Germplasm Resources, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Huanghe East Road No. 590, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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Hamid Y, Tang L, Hussain B, Usman M, Lin Q, Rashid MS, He Z, Yang X. Organic soil additives for the remediation of cadmium contaminated soils and their impact on the soil-plant system: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136121. [PMID: 31865074 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization is among the most-suitable strategies to remediate cadmium (Cd) contaminated sites. Organic additives (OAs) have emerged as highly efficient and environment-friendly immobilizers to eradicate Cd contamination in a wide range of environments. This review article is intended to critically illustrate the role of different OAs in Cd immobilization and to highlight the key findings in this context. Owing to the unique structural features (high surface area, cation exchange capacity (CEC), presence of many functional groups), OAs have shown strong capability to remediate Cd polluted soils by adsorption, electrostatic interaction, complexation and precipitation. Research data is compiled about the efficiency of different OAs (bio-waste, biochar, activated carbon, composts, manure, and plant residues) applied alone or in combination with other amendments in stabilization and renovation of contaminated sites. In addition to their role in remediation, OAs are widely advocated for being classical sources of essential plant nutrients and as agents to improve the soil health and quality which has also been focused in this review. OAs may contain considerable amounts of metals and therefore it becomes essential to assess their final contribution. Elimination of Cd contamination is essential to attenuate the contaminant effect and to produce the safe food. Therefore, deployment of environment-friendly remediation strategies (alone or in combination with other suitable technologies) should be adopted especially at early stages of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ Remediation and Ecol Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lin Tang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ Remediation and Ecol Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Bilal Hussain
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ Remediation and Ecol Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | - Qiang Lin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ Remediation and Ecol Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Zhenli He
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ Remediation and Ecol Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Abstract
The composting of sewage sludge and maize straw mixtures was investigated in this study. The aim was to analyze the influence of different proportions of sewage sludge and maize straw in the mixtures on composting process dynamics (expressed by heat production) and gas emissions. The results showed that all examined mixtures reached a strong thermophilic phase of composting; however, the lowest dynamic of temperature growth was observed in the case of the biggest sewage sludge content (60% of sewage sludge in the composting mixture). The ammonia concentration inside bioreactor chambers was directly related to the content of sewage sludge in the composted mixture. Excessive contents of sewage sludge had a considerable effect on very low C/N ratios and high losses through ammonia emissions. Tests were carried out in reactors with a capacity of 160 dm3 under controlled conditions. All mixtures were aerated by the average air-flow of about 2.5 dm3∙min−1, i.e., the minimum air-flow that allows a temperature of about 70 °C to be reached and a sufficiently long thermophilic phase, which ensures proper composting.
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He C, Huang Y, Liu P, Wei J, Yang Y, Xu L, Xiao M. Transcriptome analysis of genes and metabolic pathways associated with nicotine degradation in Aspergillus oryzae 112822. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:86. [PMID: 30678639 PMCID: PMC6346535 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine-degrading microorganisms (NDMs) have recently received much attention since they can consume nicotine as carbon and nitrogen source for growth. In our previous work, we isolated an efficient nicotine-degrading fungus Aspergillus oryzae 112822 and first proposed a novel demethylation pathway of nicotine degradation in fungi. However, the underlying mechanisms of the demethylation pathway remain unresolved. In the present study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of nicotine tolerance and degradation in A. oryzae 112822. RESULTS We acquired a global view of the transcriptional regulation of A. oryzae 112822 exposed to nicotine and identified 4381 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by nicotine treatment. Candidate genes encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), FAD-containing amine oxidase, molybdenum cofactor (Moco)-containing hydroxylase, and NADH-dependent and FAD-containing hydroxylase were proposed to participate in the demethylation pathway of nicotine degradation. Analysis of these data also revealed that increased energy was invested to drive nicotine detoxification. Nicotine treatment led to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which formed intracellular oxidative stress that could induce the expression of several antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxiredoxin (Prx). Thioredoxin system was induced to restore the intracellular redox homeostasis. Several glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were induced, most likely to participate in phase II detoxification of nicotine by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to active metabolites. The toxin efflux pumps, such as the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters and the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters, were overexpressed to overcome the intracellular toxin accumulation. By contrast, the metabolic pathways related to cellular growth and reproduction, such as ribosome biogenesis and DNA replication, were inhibited by nicotine treatment. CONCLUSION These results revealed that complex regulation networks, involving detoxification, transport, and oxidative stress response accompanied by increased energy investment, were developed for nicotine tolerance and degradation in A. oryzae 112822. This work provided the first insight into the metabolic regulation of nicotine degradation and laid the foundation for further revealing the molecular mechanisms of the nicotine demethylation pathway in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Yougui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Jianhuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Yirui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
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Zhang H, Zhao R, Huang C, Li J, Shao Y, Xu J, Shu M, Zhong W. Selective and faster nicotine biodegradation by genetically modified Pseudomonas sp. JY-Q in the presence of glucose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:339-348. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ye J, Zhang Z, Yan J, Hao H, Liu X, Yang Z, Ma K, Yang X, Mao D, Zhou H. Degradation of phytosterols in tobacco waste extract by a novel Paenibacillus sp. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 64:843-850. [PMID: 27958658 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols have been demonstrated to be precursors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) formed during biomass pyrolysis. Here, a novel Paenibacillus sp. was evaluated for its ability to degrade phytosterols in tobacco waste extract (TWE). The optimal conditions for cell growth and stigmasterol (a representative of phytosterols) degradation were 37 °C, pH 7.0, 1.0 g/L yeast extract, and 6.0 g/L glucose. Paenibacillus sp. could degrade stigmasterol under high concentrations of glucose (up to 130 g/L) and tolerate wide pH (5.0-9.0) and temperature (25-42 °C) ranges. The new strain could degrade stigmasterol completely into CO2 and H2 O, and no intermediate steroids were detected during the degradation process. Phytosterol degradation in TWE was demonstrated by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Under optimal conditions (37 °C, pH 7.0, with the exponential-phase cells), the total degradation ratio of phytosterols reached 38.5% in TWE, including 45.2% of stigmasterol, 37.4% of β-sitosterol, 27.3% of campesterol, and 28.7% of cholesterol. These results showed that Paenibacillus sp. is a candidate for phytosterol degradation in TWE and other biomass and is potentially useful in reducing the PAHs generated from biomass pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Yan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Hao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhen Liu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongcan Yang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuepeng Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Duobin Mao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zhao GH, Yu YL, Zhou XT, Lu BY, Li ZM, Feng YJ. Effects of drying pretreatment and particle size adjustment on the composting process of discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2017; 35:534-540. [PMID: 28190373 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x17690448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main characteristic of discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves is their high nicotine content. Aerobic composting is an effective method to decrease the nicotine level in tobacco leaves and stabilize tobacco wastes. However, high levels of nicotine in discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves complicate tobacco waste composting. This work proposes a drying pretreatment process to reduce the nicotine content in discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves and thus enhance its carbon-to-nitrogen ratio to a suitable level for composting. The effect of another pretreatment method, particle size adjustment, on composting efficiency was also tested in this work. The results indicated that the air-dried (nicotine content: 1.35%) and relatively long discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves (25 mm) had a higher composting efficiency than damp (nicotine content: 1.57%) and short discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves (15 mm). When dry/25 mm discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves mixed with tobacco stems in an 8:2 ratio was composted at a temperature above 55 °C for 9 days, the nicotine content dropped from 1.29% to 0.28%. Since the discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves was successfully composted to a fertile and harmless material, the germination index values increased to 85.2%. The drying pretreatment and particle size adjustment offered ideal physical and chemical conditions to support microbial growth and bioactivity during the composting process, resulting in efficient conversion of discarded flue-cured tobacco leaves into a high quality and mature compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hong Zhao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- 2 College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Ling Yu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- 3 School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang-Tong Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Bin-Yu Lu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zi-Mu Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Jie Feng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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12
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Su Y, Xian H, Shi S, Zhang C, Manik SMN, Mao J, Zhang G, Liao W, Wang Q, Liu H. Biodegradation of lignin and nicotine with white rot fungi for the delignification and detoxification of tobacco stalk. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:81. [PMID: 27871279 PMCID: PMC5117543 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco stalk is one kind of abundant crop residues in China. The high lignification of tobacco stalk increases its reusing cost and the existing of nicotine will cause serious pollution. The biodegradation of lignocellulosic biomass has been demonstrated to be an environmental and economical approach for the utilization of plant stalk. Meanwhile, many nicotine-degrading microorganisms were found in nature. However, microorganisms which could degraded both nicotine and lignin haven't been reported. Therefore, it's imperative to find some suitable microorganisms to break down lignin and simultaneously remove nicotine in tobacco stalk. RESULTS The nicotine in tobacco stalk could be degraded effectively by Trametes versicolor, Trametes hirsute and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The nicotine content in tobacco stalk was lowered to below 500 mg/kg (a safe concentration to environment) after 10 days of fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor, and 15 days with Trametes hirsute. The degradation rate of lignin in the fermented tobacco stalk was 37.70, 51.56 and 53.75% with Trametes versicolor, Trametes hirsute and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, respectively. Meanwhile, 24.28% hemicellulose was degraded by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and 28.19% cellulose was removed by Trametes hirsute. Through the enzyme activity analysis, the main and highest ligninolytic enzymes produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trametes hirsute and Trametes versicolor were lignin peroxidase (88.62 U · L-1), manganese peroxidase (100.95 U · L-1) and laccase (745.65 U · L-1). Meanwhile, relatively high and stable cellulase activity was also detected during the fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and the highest endoglucanase, exoglucanase and filter paper enzyme activities were 0.38 U · mL-1, 0.45 U · mL-1 and 0.35U · mL-1, respectively. Moreover, the products in the fermentation of tobacco stalk with P. chrysosporium were identified with GC-MS, besides the chemicals produced in the degradation of lignin and nicotine, some small molecular valuable chemicals and fatty acid were also detected. CONCLUSIONS Our study developed a new method for the degradation and detoxification of tobacco stalk by fermentation with white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes hirsute. The different oxidative enzymes and chemical products detected during the degradation indicated a possible pathway for the utilization of tobacco stalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Su
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
| | - He Xian
- Qingdao No.9 High School, Qingdao, 266012 Shandong Province China
| | - Sujuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
| | - S. M. Nuruzzaman Manik
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Weihong Liao
- Shandong Lukang Drugs Group, Jining, 272001 China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
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13
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Cecinato A, Balducci C, Perilli M. Illicit psychotropic substances in the air: The state-of-art. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 539:1-6. [PMID: 26360454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of psychotropic substances (PSs) in the air is known since long time. Recently, attention was paid to illicit PS, with most investigations undertaken in Italy and Spain. In general, collection of illicit substances was performed through aspirating airborne particulates onto filters; afterwards, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry were applied for the PS evaluation. Over twenty substances could be characterized simultaneously. Cocaine concentrations up to 17ngm(-3) were observed in Latin America, while this substance was absent (<0.003ngm(-3)) in Algiers (Algeria) and Pančevo (Serbia). Cannabinoids (comprising the psycho-active principle Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) were high in the winter and very low in the summer (up to 6ngm(-3) and <0.1ngm(-3), respectively). Many other substances (e.g., heroin, ephedrine and drug by-products) occurred less frequently and at lesser extents (<20pgm(-3)). In Rome (Italy), investigations were carried out in interiors of dwellings, schools, an office and a coffee bar, all sites resulting affected by drugs. Besides, solid phase microextraction methods were applied to detect ketamine and methamphetamine in interiors. The PS concentrations depended on substance, physical-chemical contour, and internal or external type of locations. Air monitoring allows detecting the drug consumption or preparation, because illicit substances prevail in sites frequented by abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Cecinato
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29.3, p. o. box 10, 00015 Monterotondo RM, Italy.
| | - Catia Balducci
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29.3, p. o. box 10, 00015 Monterotondo RM, Italy.
| | - Mattia Perilli
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29.3, p. o. box 10, 00015 Monterotondo RM, Italy.
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14
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Wang W, Xu P, Tang H. Sustainable production of valuable compound 3-succinoyl-pyridine by genetically engineering Pseudomonas putida using the tobacco waste. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16411. [PMID: 26574178 PMCID: PMC4647180 DOI: 10.1038/srep16411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of solid and liquid tobacco wastes with high nicotine content remains a longstanding challenge. Here, we explored an environmentally friendly approach to replace tobacco waste disposal with resource recovery by genetically engineering Pseudomonas putida. The biosynthesis of 3-succinoyl-pyridine (SP), a precursor in the production of hypotensive agents, from the tobacco waste was developed using whole cells of the engineered Pseudomonas strain, S16dspm. Under optimal conditions in fed-batch biotransformation, the final concentrations of product SP reached 9.8 g/L and 8.9 g/L from aqueous nicotine solution and crude suspension of the tobacco waste, respectively. In addition, the crystal compound SP produced from aqueous nicotine of the tobacco waste in batch biotransformation was of high purity and its isolation yield on nicotine was 54.2%. This study shows a promising route for processing environmental wastes as raw materials in order to produce valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Liu J, Ma G, Chen T, Hou Y, Yang S, Zhang KQ, Yang J. Nicotine-degrading microorganisms and their potential applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:3775-85. [PMID: 25805341 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine-degrading microorganisms (NDMs) are a special microbial group which can use nicotine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source for growth. Since the 1950s, the bioconversion of nicotine by microbes has received increasing attention, and several NDMs have been identified, such as Arthrobacter nicotinovorans, Microsporum gypseum, Pellicularia filamentosa JTS-208, and Pseudomonas sp. 41. In recent years, increasing numbers of NDMs have been isolated and identified from tobacco plantation soil, leaf, and tobacco waste. Meanwhile, the metabolic pathway and degradation mechanism of nicotine have been elucidated in several NDMs, such as A. nicotinovorans, Agrobacterium tumefaciens S33, Aspergillus oryzae, and Pseudomonas putida S16. Moreover, several NDMs have been used in improving the quality of cigarettes, treating tobacco waste, and producing valuable intermediates of nicotine. Here, we summarize the diversity, phylogenetic analysis, and potential applications of NDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Liu
- Tobacco Company of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400023, People's Republic of China
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16
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Liu Y, Dong J, Liu G, Yang H, Liu W, Wang L, Kong C, Zheng D, Yang J, Deng L, Wang S. Co-digestion of tobacco waste with different agricultural biomass feedstocks and the inhibition of tobacco viruses by anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 189:210-216. [PMID: 25898081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco is widely planted across the world especially in China, which means that a large amount of tobacco waste needs to be treated. This study investigated the biogas fermentation of tobacco stalks co-digested with different biomass feedstocks and the inactivation of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) by anaerobic digestion. Results showed that the maximum methane yield of tobacco stalks at 35 °C was 0.163 m(3) CH4 ⋅ kg VS(-1), which was from the co-digestion of tobacco stalks, wheat stalks and pig manure. The largest VS removal rate of tobacco stalks was 59.10%. Proven by indicator paper stripe, half-leaf lesion and RT-PCR, CMV could be inactivated by mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion, whereas TMV could be only inactivated by thermophilic anaerobic digestion over 20 days. These results suggested that using tobacco stalks as feedstock for anaerobic digestion and applying the digested residue and slurry to Solanaceae crop land are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianxin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Gangjin Liu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongnan Yang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chuixue Kong
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Liangwei Deng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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17
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Liu H, He H, Cheng C, Liu J, Shu M, Jiao Y, Tao F, Zhong W. Diversity analysis of the bacterial community in tobacco waste extract during reconstituted tobacco process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:469-76. [PMID: 25142693 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reconstituted tobacco sheet process has been developed to treat and reuse tobacco wastes in the industry. During this process, microorganisms in original and concentrated tobacco waste extract (TWE) might play important roles in the final quality of the reconstituted tobacco. However, microbial communities in TWE remain largely unknown. In the present study, the Roche 454 bar-coded pyrosequencing was applied to analyze the bacterial community structure in samples. Comparison based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the original and concentrated solutions of TWE harbored abundant bacteria probably resistant to the acid, high nicotine concentration, and high osmotic pressure environment. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Lactobacillus and Lysinibacillus were the dominant genera of Firmicutes. The most interesting genus of Proteobacteria was Pseudomonas. It is the first time to reveal the bacterial diversities on the TWE samples from the process of reconstituted tobacco sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagui Liu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
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18
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Cardoso CR, Ataíde CH. Micropyrolysis of Tobacco Powder at 500°C: Influence of ZnCl2and MgCl2Contents on the Generation of Products. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2013.850576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Kopčić N, Vuković Domanovac M, Kučić D, Briški F. Evaluation of laboratory-scale in-vessel co-composting of tobacco and apple waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:323-8. [PMID: 24290970 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Efficient composting process requires set of adequate parameters among which physical-chemical properties of the composting substrate play the key-role. Combining different types of biodegradable solid waste it is possible to obtain a substrate eligible to microorganisms in the composting process. In this work the composting of apple and tobacco solid waste mixture (1:7, dry weight) was explored. The aim of the work was to investigate an efficiency of biodegradation of the given mixture and to characterize incurred raw compost. Composting was conducted in 24 L thermally insulated column reactor at airflow rate of 1.1 L min(-1). During 22 days several parameters were closely monitored: temperature and mass of the substrate, volatile solids content, C/N ratio and pH-value of the mixture and oxygen consumption. The composting of the apple and tobacco waste resulted with high degradation of the volatile solids (53.1%). During the experiment 1.76 kg of oxygen was consumed and the C/N ratio of the product was 11.6. The obtained temperature curve was almost a "mirror image" of the oxygen concentration curve while the peak values of the temperature were occurred 9.5h after the peak oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kopčić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marija Vuković Domanovac
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dajana Kučić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Felicita Briški
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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20
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Physical characterization of sweet sorghum bagasse, tobacco residue, soy hull and fiber sorghum bagasse particles: Density, particle size and shape distributions. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Zhang K, Yu B, Chang J, Wu G, Wang T, Wen D. Hydrodynamics of a fluidized bed co-combustor for tobacco waste and coal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 119:339-48. [PMID: 22750501 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The fluidization characteristics of binary mixtures containing tobacco stem (TS) and cation exchange resin (a substitute for coal) were studied in a rectangular bed with the cross-section area of 0.3 × 0.025 m(2). The presence of herbaceous biomass particles and their unique properties such as low density and high aspect ratio resulted in different fluidization behaviors. Three fluidization velocities, i.e. initial, minimum and full fluidization velocities, were observed as the TS mass fraction increased from 7% to 20%, and four hydrodynamic stages were experienced, including the static, segregation, transition and mixing stages, with increasing operational gas velocities. The results suggest that the operational gas velocity should be in the range of 2.0-5.0 times of the minimum fluidization velocity of the binary mixtures, and less than 7% TS mass fraction should be used in an existing bubbling fluidized bed. Higher TS fraction inclusion requires the introduction of central jet gas to improve the mixing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Center of Chem. Eng. for Clean Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China. @ncepu.edu.cn
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22
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Zhu FX, Wang WP, Hong CL, Feng MG, Xue ZY, Chen XY, Yao YL, Yu M. Rapid production of maggots as feed supplement and organic fertilizer by the two-stage composting of pig manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 116:485-491. [PMID: 22541952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A two-stage composting experiment was performed to utilize pig manure for producing maggots as feed supplement and organic fertilizer. Seven-day composting of 1.8 ton fresh manure inoculated with 9 kg mixture of housefly neonates and wheat bran produced 193 kg aging maggots, followed by 12 week composting to maturity. Reaching the thermophilic phase and final maturity faster was characteristic of the maggot-treated compost compared with the same-size natural compost. Upon the transit of the maggot-treated compost to the second stage, the composting temperature maintained around 55 °C for 9 days and the moisture decreased to ~40%. Moreover, higher pH, faster detoxification and different activity patterns for some microbial enzymes were observed. There was a strong material loss (35% water-soluble carbon and 16% total nitrogen) caused by the maggot culture in the first stage. Our results highlight a higher economic value of pig manure achieved through the two-stage composting without bulking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xiang Zhu
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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23
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Piotrowska-Cyplik A, Cyplik P, Marecik R, Czarny J, Szymański A, Wyrwas B, Framski G, Chrzanowski L, Materna K. Genetic and chemical analyzes of transformations in compost compounds during biodegradation of oiled bleaching earth with waste sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 114:75-83. [PMID: 22464418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Composting of oiled bleaching earth with waste sludge and corn straw was carried out to investigate the ability of microorganisms to synthesize biosurfactants that might decrease the surface tension of composts. Analytical results and changes in the surface tension suggest that biodegradation of fatty by-products was the consequence of emulsifying properties of higher fatty acids. The surface tension for isolates from all composting phases was between 37 and 43 mN m(-1). No substances synthesized by microorganisms that might be able to decrease the surface tension were detected in composts. Tensammetric, TLC and HPLC-MS results and changes in surface tension suggest that biodegradation of fatty by-products results from the emulsifying properties of higher fatty acids. A decrease in fatty content from 144 to 6 mg g(-1) dry matter was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Piotrowska-Cyplik
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
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24
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Cyplik P, Marecik R, Piotrowska-Cyplik A, Olejnik A, Drożdżyńska A, Chrzanowski Ł. Biological Denitrification of High Nitrate Processing Wastewaters from Explosives Production Plant. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2012; 223:1791-1800. [PMID: 22593607 PMCID: PMC3332387 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-011-0984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater samples originating from an explosives production plant (3,000 mg N l(-1) nitrate, 4.8 mg l(-1) nitroglycerin, 1.9 mg l(-1) nitroglycol and 1,200 mg l(-1) chemical oxygen demand) were subjected to biological purification. An attempt to completely remove nitrate and to decrease the chemical oxygen demand was carried out under anaerobic conditions. A soil isolated microbial consortium capable of biodegrading various organic compounds and reduce nitrate to atmospheric nitrogen under anaerobic conditions was used. Complete removal of nitrates with simultaneous elimination of nitroglycerin and ethylene glycol dinitrate (nitroglycol) was achieved as a result of the conducted research. Specific nitrate reduction rate was estimated at 12.3 mg N g(-1) VSS h(-1). Toxicity of wastewater samples during the denitrification process was studied by measuring the activity of dehydrogenases in the activated sludge. Mutagenicity was determined by employing the Ames test. The maximum mutagenic activity did not exceed 0.5. The obtained results suggest that the studied wastewater samples did not exhibit mutagenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Cyplik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Roman Marecik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piotrowska-Cyplik
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Olejnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Drożdżyńska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, Pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
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25
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Yang Z, Zhang S, Liu L, Li X, Chen H, Yang H, Wang X. Combustion behaviours of tobacco stem in a thermogravimetric analyser and a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 110:595-602. [PMID: 22374152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite its abundant supply, tobacco stem has not been exploited as an energy source in large scale. This study investigates the combustion behaviours of tobacco stem in a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) and a pilot-scale fluidized bed (FB). Combustion characteristics, including ignition and burnout index, and combustion reaction kinetics were studied. Experiments in the FB investigated the effects of different operating conditions, such as primary air flow, secondary air flow and feeding rates, on the bed temperature profiles and combustion efficiency. Two kinds of bed materials cinder and silica sand were used in FB and the effect of bed materials on agglomeration was studied. The results indicated that tobacco stem combustion worked well in the FB. When operation condition was properly set, the tobacco stem combustion efficiency reached 94%. In addition, compared to silica sand, cinder could inhibit agglomeration during combustion because of its high aluminium content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
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26
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Wang S, Huang H, Xie K, Xu P. Identification of nicotine biotransformation intermediates by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain S33 suggests a novel nicotine degradation pathway. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1567-78. [PMID: 22466953 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, a major alkaloid in tobacco plants and the main toxic chemical in tobacco wastes, can be transformed by bacteria into hydroxylated-pyridine intermediates, which are important precursors for the chemical synthesis of valuable drugs and insecticides. Such biotransformation could be a useful approach to utilize tobacco and its wastes. In this study, we explored nicotine degradation by a recently isolated Agrobacterium tumefaciens S33 by identifying the intermediates during its growth on nicotine and during transformation of nicotine with its resting cells. Five hydroxylated-pyridine intermediates were detected through multiple approaches, including GC-HR-MS, HPLC, and ESI-Q-TOF MS analyses. Surprisingly, these identified intermediates suggest that strain S33 employs a novel pathway that is different from the two characterized pathways described in Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas. Based on these findings, we propose that strain S33 is able to transform nicotine to 6-hydroxy-pseudooxynicotine first via the pyridine pathway through 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine and 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine, and then, it turns to the pyrrolidine pathway with the formation of 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine and 2,5-dihydroxypyridine. The activities of the key enzymes, nicotine dehydrogenase, 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase, and 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine hydroxylase, were demonstrated in the cell extract of strain S33 and by partially enriched enzymes. Moreover, the cell extract could transform 6-hydroxy-pseudooxynicotine into 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine by coupling with 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidation reaction by 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase. These results indicated that strain S33 can transform nicotine into renewable hydroxylated-pyridine intermediates by the special pathway, in which at least three intermediates, 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine, 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine, and 2,5-dihydroxypyridine, have potential to be further chemically modified into useful compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China,
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Functional identification of two novel genes from Pseudomonas sp. strain HZN6 involved in the catabolism of nicotine. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:2154-60. [PMID: 22267672 DOI: 10.1128/aem.07025-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is a natural alkaloid produced by tobacco plants, and the mechanisms of its catabolism by microorganisms are diverse. In the present study, we reported the mutation, cloning, and identification of two novel genes involved in nicotine degradation from the newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain HZN6. Transposon mutagenesis identified a HZN6 mutant in which the nicotine-degrading pathway was blocked at pseudooxynicotine. A 3,874-bp DNA fragment flanking the transposon insertion site was obtained through self-formed adaptor PCR. Two open reading frames (designated pao and sap) were analyzed, and the deduced amino acid sequences shared 29% identity with 6-hydroxy-l-nicotine oxidase from Arthrobacter nicotinovorans and 49% identity with an aldehyde dehydrogenase from Bartonella henselae. Both pao and sap were cloned and functionally expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli BL21. The pao gene encoded a novel pseudooxynicotine amine oxidase with noncovalently bound flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and exhibited substrate specificity removing the methylamine from pseudooxynicotine with the formation of 3-succinoylsemialdehyde-pyridine and hydrogen dioxide. The sap gene encoded a NADP(+)-dependent 3-succinoylsemialdehyde-pyridine dehydrogenase that catalyzed the dehydrogenation of 3-succinoylsemialdehyde-pyridine to 3-succinoyl-pyridine. Genetic analyses indicated that the pao gene played an essential role in nicotine or pseudooxynicotine mineralization in strain HZN6, whereas the sap gene did not. This study provides novel insight into the nicotine-degrading mechanism at the genetic level in Pseudomonas spp.
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Kayikçioglu HH, Okur N. Evolution of enzyme activities during composting of tobacco waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2011; 29:1124-33. [PMID: 21216926 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x10392813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Main characteristics of tobacco waste generated during the processing of tobacco for cigarette manufacture are a high content of nicotine and total organic C. Composting is a way for decreasing the levels of nicotine and total organic C in tobacco waste and for disposal of this kind of agro-industrial waste. Changes in pH and electrical conductivity and activities of dehydrogenase, protease, alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase were determined during composting of tobacco waste (TW) and mixtures of TW + grape pomace (GP) and TW + olive pomace (OP). The nicotine in the tobacco waste was completely decomposed by composting. In the final composts, total organic C content and C : N ratio decreased, whereas the contents of total N, P and K increased. The pH of the composts increased rapidly at first and then more slowly and the electrical conductivity first decreased and then increased during composting. Mixing the tobacco waste with the other compost materials decreased the electrical conductivity level by 32 and 46% in the final TW + GP and TW + OP composts, respectively. The highest activities of the studied enzymes were observed on the third week of the composting process for dehydrogenase, the fifth week for protease and β-glucosidase and the ninth week for alkaline phosphatase. All enzyme activities stabilized about in 4 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Hüsnü Kayikçioglu
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Li XG, Lv Y, Ma BG, Jian SW, Tan HB. Thermogravimetric investigation on co-combustion characteristics of tobacco residue and high-ash anthracite coal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9783-7. [PMID: 21865028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The thermal behavior of high-ash anthracite coal, tobacco residue and their blends during combustion processes was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (20 K min(-1), ranging from ambient temperature to 1273 K). Effects of the mixed proportion between coal and tobacco residue on the combustion process, ignition and burnout characteristics were also studied. The results indicated that the combustion of tobacco residue was controlled by the emission of volatile matter; the regions were more complex for tobacco residue (four peaks) than for coal (two peaks). Also, the blends had integrative thermal profiles that reflected both tobacco residue and coal. The incorporation of tobacco residue could improve the combustion characteristics of high-ash anthracite coal, especially the ignition and burnout characteristics comparing with the separate burning of tobacco residue and coal. It was feasible to use the co-combustion of tobacco residue and high-ash anthracite coal as fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- X G Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China.
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