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Cueva SF, Wasson DE, Martins LF, Räisänen SE, Silvestre T, Hristov AN. Lactational performance, ruminal fermentation, and enteric gas emission of dairy cows fed an amylase-enabled corn silage in diets with different starch concentrations. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4426-4448. [PMID: 38942561 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of feeding an amylase-enabled corn silage (ACS) on the performance and enteric gas emissions in lactating dairy cows. Following a 2-wk covariate period, 48 mid-lactation Holstein cows were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments in a 10-wk randomized complete block design experiment. Treatments were diets containing the same proportion of corn silage (40% of dietary DM) as follows: (1) a conventional hybrid corn silage control (CON), (2) ACS replacing the control silage (ADR), and (3) the ADR diet replacing soybean hulls with ground corn grain to achieve the same dietary starch concentration as CON (ASR). Control corn silage and ACS were harvested on the same day and contained 40.3% and 37.1% DM and (% of DM): 37.2% and 41.0% NDF and 37.1% and 30.0% starch, respectively. Enteric gas emissions were measured using the GreenFeed system. Two cows were culled due to health-related issues during the covariate period. Ruminal fluid was collected from 24 cows (8 per treatment) using the orogastric ruminal sampling technique. When compared with CON, cows fed ADR had increased DMI during experimental wk 3, 4, and 9, but treatment did not affect milk or ECM milk yields (39.0 kg/d on average; SEM = 0.89). Compared with CON, feed efficiency (per unit of milk, but not ECM) tended to be lower for ADR, whereas milk true protein concentration (a tendency) and yield were lower for ASR. Milk urea N was decreased by both ADR and ASR diets relative to CON. Compared with CON, daily CH4 emission and emission intensity were increased by ADR but not ASR. Total protozoal count tended to be increased by both diets formulated with ACS when compared with control corn silage. Total-tract digestibility of dietary NDF was greater for ASR, and that of ADF was greater for both ADR and ASR versus CON. The molar proportion of acetate (a tendency) and acetate-to-propionate ratio were increased by ADR, but not ASR, when compared with CON. Replacement of CON with ACS (having lower starch concentration) in the diet of dairy cows increased DMI during the initial weeks of the experiment, maintained ECM, tended to decrease feed efficiency, and increased enteric CH4 emissions, likely due to increased intake of digestible fiber, compared with CON.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - D E Wasson
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - L F Martins
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - T Silvestre
- Kemin Industries, Singapore 758200, Singapore
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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2
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Ridla M, Albarki HR, Risyahadi ST, Sukarman S. Effects of wilting on silage quality: a meta-analysis. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1185-1195. [PMID: 38419545 PMCID: PMC11222834 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of wilted and unwilted silage on various parameters, such as nutrient content, fermentation quality, bacterial populations, and digestibility. METHODS Thirty-six studies from Scopus were included in the database and analyzed using a random effects model in OpenMEE software. The studies were grouped into two categories: wilting silage (experiment group) and non-wilting silage (control group). Publication bias was assessed using a fail-safe number. RESULTS The results showed that wilting before ensiling significantly increased the levels of dry matter, water-soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, compared to non-wilting silage (p<0.05). However, wilting significantly decreased dry matter losses, lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, and ammonia levels (p<0.05). The pH, crude protein, and ash contents remained unaffected by the wilting process. Additionally, the meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in bacterial populations, including lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and aerobic bacteria, or in vitro dry matter digestibility between the two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Wilting before ensiling significantly improved silage quality by increasing dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrates, as well as reducing dry matter losses, butyric acid, and ammonia. Importantly, wilting did not have a significant impact on pH, crude protein, or in vitro dry matter digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ridla
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
- Center for Tropical Animal Studies (CENTRAS), IPB University, Jl. Raya Pajajaran, Bogor 16153,
Indonesia
| | - Hajrian Rizqi Albarki
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
| | - Sazli Tutur Risyahadi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
| | - Sukarman Sukarman
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340,
Indonesia
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Heinzen C, Pupo MR, Ghizzi LG, Diepersloot EC, Ferraretto LF. Effects of a genetically modified corn hybrid with α-amylase and storage length on fermentation profile and starch disappearance of whole-plant corn silage and earlage. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3631-3641. [PMID: 38278297 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of a genetically modified corn hybrid with α-amylase expressed in the kernel (AMY) on fermentation profile, aerobic stability, nutrient composition, and starch disappearance of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) and earlage. Both hybrids, AMY and an isogenic corn hybrid (ISO), were grown in 10 replicated plots (5 for WPCS and 5 for earlage). Samples of each plot were collected at harvest, homogenized, and divided into 5 subsamples which were randomly assigned to 5 storage lengths (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d). Both datasets (WPCS and earlage), were analyzed separately as a completely randomized block design in a factorial arrangement of treatments, with a model including the fixed effects of hybrid, storage length, and their interaction, and the random effect of block. Minor differences on fermentation profile were observed between AMY and ISO for WPCS and earlage. An interaction between hybrid and storage length was observed for DM losses in WPCS, where losses were similar at 30, 60 and 90 d, but lower for AMY compared with ISO at 120 d. No effect of hybrid was observed on yeast and mold counts for WPCS or earlage. The aerobic stability of WPCS was greater for AMY than ISO. For earlage, AMY had greater DM losses and aerobic stability than ISO. An interaction between hybrid and storage length was observed for ammonia-N in both WPCS and earlage, where ammonia-N was similar at 0 d but greater for AMY than ISO throughout later storage lengths. A similar interaction was observed for water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) concentrations in WPCS, where ISO had greater WSC than AMY at 0 d but was similar throughout later storage lengths. However, AMY earlage had a greater WSC concentration throughout storage length, but a lesser magnitude after ensiling. Starch concentration was greater for AMY than ISO in WPCS and earlage. Greater starch disappearances at 0 h and 6 h were observed for ISO in WPCS and earlage. Minor effects on fermentation profile, microbial counts, aerobic stability and nutrient composition suggests that AMY can be ensiled for prolonged periods with no concerns for undesirable fermentation or nutrient losses. However, in situ starch disappearance was lower for AMY compared with ISO.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Heinzen
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - M R Pupo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - L G Ghizzi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - E C Diepersloot
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - L F Ferraretto
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
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4
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Yu Q, Xu J, Li M, Xi Y, Sun H, Xie Y, Cheng Q, Li P, Chen C, Yang F, Zheng Y. Synergistic effects of ferulic acid esterase-producing lactic acid bacteria, cellulase and xylanase on the fermentation characteristics, fibre and nitrogen components and microbial community structure of Broussonetia papyrifera during ensiling. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3543-3558. [PMID: 38146051 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high fibre content of whole plants of Broussonetia papyrifera limits its efficient utilization. Ferulic acid esterase (FAE), in combination with xylanase, can effectively cleave the lignin-carbohydrate complex, promoting the function of cellulase. However, little is known about the impact of these additives on silage. To effectively utilize natural woody plant resources, FAE-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RO395, xylanase (XY) and cellulase (CE) were used to investigate the dynamic fermentation characteristics, fibre and nitrogen components and microbial community structure during B. papyrifera ensiling. RESULTS Broussonetia papyrifera was either not treated (CK) or treated with FAE-producing lactic acid bacteria (LP), CE, XY, LP + CE, LP + XY or LP + CE + XY for 3, 7, 15, 30 or 60 days, respectively. In comparison with those in the CK treatment, the L. plantarum and enzyme treatments (LP + CE, LP + XY and LP + XY + CE), especially the LP + XY + CE treatment, significantly increased the lactic acid concentration and decreased the pH and the contents of acid detergent insoluble protein and NH3 -N (P < 0.05). Enzyme addition improved the degradation efficiency of lignocellulose, and a synergistic effect was observed after enzyme treatment in combination with LP; in addition, the lowest acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, hemicellulose and cellulose contents were detected after the LP + CE + XY treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, CE, XY and LP additions significantly improved the microbial community structure, increased the relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus and Firmicutes, and effectively inhibited undesirable bacterial (Enterobacter) growth during ensiling. CONCLUSION FAE-producing L. plantarum and the two tested enzymes exhibited synergistic effects on improving the quality of silage, which indicates that this combination can serve as an efficient method for improved B. papyrifera silage utilization. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengxin Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yulong Xi
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yixiao Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yulong Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
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Esen S, Koç F, Işık R. Effect of sodium diacetate on fermentation, aerobic stability, and microbial diversity of alfalfa silage. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:10. [PMID: 38084302 PMCID: PMC10710396 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a vital source of forage protein for ruminants, yet its ensiling poses challenges due to high buffering capacity and low water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC). This study investigated the impact of sodium diacetate (SDA) on alfalfa silage quality and aerobic stability. SDA was applied at four different rates to wilted alfalfa on a fresh basis: 0 g/kg, 3 g/kg, 5 g/kg, and 7 g/kg, and silages were ensiled in laboratory-scale silos for 45 days, followed by 7 days of aerobic exposure. A 16S rRNA gene sequencing assay using GenomeLab™ GeXP was performed to determine the relationship between dominant isolated lactic acid bacteria species and fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability on silage. The results showed that Lentilolactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Enterococcus faecium were the most prevalent bacteria when silos were opened, whereas Weissella paramesenteroides, Bacillus cereus, B. megaterium and Bacillus spp. were most prevalent bacteria after 7 days of aerobic exposure. Dry matter, pH, and WSC content were not affected by SDA, but doses above 5 g/kg induced a homofermentative process, which increased lactic acid concentration and lactic acid to acetic acid ratio, decreased yeast count during aerobic exposure, and improved aerobic stability. These findings offer useful information for optimizing SDA usage in silage, assuring improved quality and longer storage, and thereby improving animal husbandry and sustainable feed practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Esen
- Balikesir Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 10470 Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Fisun Koç
- Department of Animal Science, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdaǧ, Turkey
| | - Raziye Işık
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdaǧ, Turkey
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6
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Getachew MT, Hiruy AM, Mazharuddin MM, Mamo TT, Feseha TA, Mekonnen YS. Effect of chemical and biological additives on production of biogas from coffee pulp silage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12199. [PMID: 37500698 PMCID: PMC10374900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39163-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy is the foundation of the global economy and is essential to human survival. Nevertheless, more than 60% of it comes from fossil fuels. That is not a replenished and scarce source. However, a sizable amount of organic waste is generated every minute throughout the world and can be used as a raw material to produce renewable energy. Among them, Coffee processing generates a huge amount of solid and liquid waste that is organic and can serve as raw material for biofuel production. Since coffee beans and powder are Ethiopia's main exports, coffee pulp is easily accessible. Therefore, the main goal of this project is to convert this waste, which largely consists of organic materials, into a valuable product called Methane. The purity and yield of methane productivity are significantly influenced by the type of additives we use. This work systematically investigates the effect of chemical and biological additives on the productivity and purity of the Biogas from the coffee pulp silage in batch systems under mesophilic temperature (38 °C) for different ensiling periods and additive proportions. The chemical additives recorded the maximum biogas production (2980 ml) at an ensiling period of 40 days with high purity of about 70% biogas. The minimum Biogas was recorded at the ensiling period of 10 days by the control (T1) treatments, which was 634 ml. This work proves that biological additives produced the highest quality and quantity of Biogas from coffee silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengizam Tsegaye Getachew
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Andualem Mekonnen Hiruy
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Majid Mohiuddin Mazharuddin
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadios Tesfaye Mamo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Temesgen Aragaw Feseha
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yedilfana Setarge Mekonnen
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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7
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Gaffey J, Rajuaria G, McMahon H, Ravindran R, Dominguez C, Jensen MA, Souza MF, Meers E, Aragonés MM, Skunca D, Sanders JPM. Green Biorefinery systems for the production of climate-smart sustainable products from grasses, legumes and green crop residues. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108168. [PMID: 37146921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Grasses, legumes and green plant wastes represent a ubiquitous feedstock for developing a bioeconomy in regions across Europe. These feedstocks are often an important source of ruminant feed, although much remains unused or underutilised. In addition to proteins, these materials are rich in fibres, sugars, minerals and other components that could also be used as inputs for bio-based product development. Green Biorefinery processes and initiatives are being developed to better capitalise on the potential of these feedstocks to produce sustainable food, feed, materials and energy in an integrated way. Such systems may support a more sustainable primary production sector, enable the valorisation of green waste streams, and provide new business models for farmers. This review presents the current developments in Green Biorefining, focusing on a broad feedstock and product base to include different models of Green Biorefinery. It demonstrates the potential and wide applicability of Green Biorefinery systems, the range of bio-based product opportunities and highlights the way forward for their broader implementation. While the potential for new products is extensive, quality control approval will be required prior to market entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gaffey
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University, Tralee V92 CX88, Ireland; BiOrbic Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Dept. of Environmental Engineering, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Gaurav Rajuaria
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University, Tralee V92 CX88, Ireland; BiOrbic Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helena McMahon
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University, Tralee V92 CX88, Ireland; BiOrbic Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rajeev Ravindran
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University, Tralee V92 CX88, Ireland; BiOrbic Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carmen Dominguez
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University, Tralee V92 CX88, Ireland; BiOrbic Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Morten Ambye Jensen
- Aarhus University, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nørregade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Macella F Souza
- Laboratory of Bioresource Recovery (RE-SOURCE LAB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Erik Meers
- Laboratory of Bioresource Recovery (RE-SOURCE LAB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta Macias Aragonés
- Technological Corporation of Andalusia (CTA), C Albert Einstein S/N, INSUR building, 4th floor, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Dubravka Skunca
- Faculty of Business and Law, MB University, Teodora Drajzera 27, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Johan P M Sanders
- Grassa BV, Villafloraweg 1, 5928, SZ Venlo, the Netherlands; Valorization of Plant Production Chains, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Huang X, Ye M, Yuan L, Liu Y. Enhanced silage pretreatment improving the biochemical methane potential of Miscanthus sinensis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34698-34708. [PMID: 36515874 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The choice of silage additives is an important factor for the storage of silage. One standard ensiling method and two enhanced ensiling methods (using natural silage, silage with mixed lactic acid bacteria, and silage with acetic acid, respectively) were carried out on Miscanthus sinensis. To determine the effects of these different methods, the biochemical methane potential (BMP) was determined. The results revealed that ensiling with acetic acid was the best method among the three ensiling methods. Acetic acid could quickly reduce the pH of the system to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. The rate of loss of dry matter was 0.92% when acetic acid was added, and the cumulative methane production was 149.6 mL·g-1 volatile solids. From an analysis of correlations between the properties and BMP of silage, the contents of acetic acid and total volatile fatty acids were significantly correlated with the BMP. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the BMP of M. sinensis and achieving better effects of silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiying Ye
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingli Yuan
- Hangzhou Energy and Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu YX, Zhang X, Yang WC, Li JF. Enhancement of Biomass Conservation and Bioethanol Production of Sweet Sorghum Silage by Constructing Synergistic Microbial Consortia. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0365922. [PMID: 36645314 PMCID: PMC9927380 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03659-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient storage of materials before bioethanol production could be key to improving pretreatment protocol and facilitating biodegradation, in turn improving the cost-effectiveness of biomass utilization. Biological inoculants were investigated for their effects on ensiling performance, biodegradability of silage materials, and final bioethanol yield from sweet sorghum. Two cellulolytic microbial consortia (CF and PY) were used to inoculate silages of sweet sorghum, with and without combined lactic acid bacteria (Xa), for up to 60 days of ensiling. We found that the consortia notably decreased pH and ammonia nitrogen content while increasing lactic acid/acetic acid ratios. The microbes also functioned in synergy with Xa, significantly reducing lignocellulose content and improving biomass preservation. First-order exponential decay models captured the kinetics of nonstructural carbohydrates and suggested high water-soluble carbohydrate (grams per kilogram dry matter [DM]) preservation potential in PY-Xa (33.48), followed by CF-Xa (30.51). Combined addition efficiently improved enzymatic hydrolysis and enhanced bioethanol yield, and sweet sorghum treated with PY-Xa had the highest ethanol yield (28.42 g L-1). Thus, combined bioaugmentation of synergistic microbes provides an effective method of improving biomass preservation and bioethanol production from sweet sorghum silages. IMPORTANCE Ensiling is an effective storage approach to ensure stable year-round supply for downstream biofuel production; it offers combined facilities of storage and pretreatment. There are challenges in ensiling sweet sorghum due to its coarse structure and high fiber content. This study provides a meaningful evaluation of the effects of adding microbial consortia, with and without lactic acid bacteria, on changes in key properties of sweet sorghum. This study highlighted the bioaugmented ensiling using cellulolytic synergistic microbes to outline a cost-effective strategy to store and pretreat sweet sorghum for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Feng Li
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Xu H, Wu N, Na N, Sun L, Zhao Y, Ding H, Fang Y, Wang T, Xue Y, Zhong J. Fermentation weight loss, fermentation quality, and bacterial community of ensiling of sweet sorghum with lactic acid bacteria at different silo densities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1013913. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1013913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet sorghum is an important forage in arid and semi-arid climatic regions. This study aimed to reveal the fermentation weight loss (FWL), fermentation quality, and bacterial community of ensiling of sweet sorghum with lactic acid bacteria LAB; (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lentilactobacillus buchneri) at different silo densities. For this study, sweet sorghum was harvested at the first spikelet of inflorescence stage and ensiled without or with LAB (CK or L) in polyethylene laboratory-scale silos (diameter, 20 cm; height, 30 cm) at densities of 650 (CK_650 and L_650), 700 (CK_700 and L_700), and 750 kg/m3 (CK_750 and L_750), respectively. The FWL, fermentation quality, microbial counts, and bacterial community of the silage were assessed after 100 days of ensiling. L_750 had a lower FWL than CK_650, _700, and _750 after 100 days of ensiling (P < 0.005), and the FWL was affected by silo density and inoculating LAB (P < 0.005). All silages had low pH (<4.0) and ammonia nitrogen content (<50 g/kg total nitrogen) and did not contain propionic and butyric acids; moreover, inoculating LAB increased lactic and acetic acids (P < 0.005). Bacterial communities in inoculated and uninoculated silages were clustered together, respectively, and clearly separated from each other. The total abundance of Lactiplantibacillus and Lentilactobacillus in fresh forage was <1%. Lactiplantibacillus had the highest abundance in all silages (from 71.39 to 93.27%), followed by Lentilactobacillus (from 3.59 to 27.63%). Inoculating LAB increased the abundance of Lentilactobacillus in each silo density (P < 0.005) and decreased Lactiplantibacillus in the silage in densities of 700 and 750 kg/m3 (P < 0.005); moreover, increasing silo density decreased Lactiplantibacillus abundance and increased Lentilactobacillus abundance in inoculated silages (P < 0.005). Overall, sweet sorghum silage showed satisfactory fermentation quality, with a density of no <650 kg/m3, and inoculating LAB improved fermentation quality and reduced FWL. Lactiplantibacillus and Lentilactobacillus presented as minor taxa in fresh sweet sorghum and dominated the bacterial community of all silages. Inoculating LAB was the main factor affecting the bacterial community of sweet sorghum silage. Moreover, inoculating LAB and increasing silo density can contribute to the decreasing Lactiplantibacillus abundance and increasing Lentilactobacillus abundance.
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11
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Effect of wilting and microbial inoculation on the fermentation profile, nutrient composition, and aerobic stability of Bermuda grass silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Santos LAD, Silva THL, Oliveira CRDM, Jucá JFT, Santos AFDMS. Silage as a pre-treatment of orange bagasse waste to increase the potential for methane generation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153613. [PMID: 35124064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Among the various methods of pre-treatment of lignocellulosic waste with the objective of optimizing the production of methane, silage stands out as a promising alternative due to its operational simplicity, low cost and effective results. In this work, the silage of orange waste (Citrus cinensis) with 14 and 21 days and its influence on the potential of methane generation was evaluated, also evaluating the impacts of silage on the kinetics of the process. Among several configurations of substrate and inoculum studied, the best configuration observed was using the ensiled residue with 21 days and granular anaerobic sludge (ENS21 + GS), reaching a methane generation potential of about 171 N mL·g-1 VS, increasing by 119% in terms of methane generation potential without silage pre-treatment (WENS+GS), obtaining biogas with 70% in CH4. In relation to the kinetics, the silage process drastically interfered in the kinetic behavior of the methane production, being the Cone model the one that obtained the best adjustments, among those studied, for the orange bagasse residue in the evaluated experimental conditions. Silage is an attractive alternative to increase the production of methane for lignocellulosic waste, as a pre-treatment, without significantly increasing operating costs, and it can also be associated with other sequential processes to take advantage of the maximum energy potential of lignocellulosic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thayná Habeck Lúcio Silva
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil Florianópolis, Brazil
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13
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Abstract
Renewable energy is becoming a widely discussed topic in the European Union (EU), due to a desire to reduce the negative effects of fossil fuels on climate change and biodiversity. About 60% of the total renewable energy produced in the EU is derived from biomass. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an important pathway to convert biomass into biogas and then into bioenergy. Helianthus salicifolius is a perennial plant, whose biomass can serve as a co-substrate in biogas plants. Biomass composition, in addition to the biomethane and biogas potential, were investigated in raw green biomass and silage obtained from Helianthus salicifolius plants grown under different types (mineral and organic) and doses (0, 85, 170 kg N ha−1) of nitrogen fertilization. The biomethane production efficiency from Helianthus salicifolius was recorded for 25 days and found to range on average between 169.4 NL kg−1 VS for raw biomass and 193.2 NL kg−1 VS for silage. It follows from the current study that ensiling increases substrate digestibility and has a positive impact on methane concentration, but the biomethane and biogas production outputs from those substrates did not differ significantly at the end of the process.
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Utilization of Biomasses from Landscape Conservation Growths Dominated by Common Ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.) for Biomethanization. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060813. [PMID: 35336694 PMCID: PMC8953157 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The highly toxic species common ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.) prefers to migrate into protected dry grassland biotopes and limits the use of the resulting biomass as animal feed. There is an urgent need for a safe alternative use of the contaminated biomass apart from landfill disposal. We investigated the optional utilization of biomethanization of fresh and ensiled common ragwort biomasses and evaluated their energetic potentials by estimation models based on biochemical characteristics and by standardized batch experiments. The fresh and ensiled substrates yielded 174 LN∙kg−1 oDM methane and 185 LN∙kg−1 oDM, respectively. Ensiling reduced the toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid content by 76.6%; a subsequent wet fermentation for an additional reduction is recommended. In comparison with other biomasses from landscape cultivation, ragwort biomass can be ensiled readily but has a limited energy potential if harvested at its peak flowering stage. Considering these properties and limitations, the energetic utilization is a promising option for a sustainable handling of Senecio-contaminated biomasses in landscape conservation practice and represents a safe alternative for reducing pyrrolizidine alkaloid entry into the agri-food sector.
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15
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Effect of Novel Aspergillus and Neurospora species-Based Additive on Ensiling Parameters and Biomethane Potential of Sugar Beet Leaves. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Research on additives that improve the quality of silages for an enhanced and sustainable biogas production are limited in the literature. Frequently used additives such as lactic acid bacteria enhance the quality of silages but have no significant effect on biogas yield. This study investigated the effect of a new enzymatic additive on the quality of ensiling and BMP of sugar beet leaves. Sugar beet leaves were ensiled with and without the additive (Aspergillus- and Neurospora-based additive) in ratios of 50:1 (A50:1), 150:1 (B150:1), and 500:1 (C500:1) (gsubstrate/gadditive) for 370 days at ambient temperature. Results showed that silages with additive had lower yeast activity and increased biodegradability compared to silages without additive (control). The additive increased the BMP by 45.35%, 24.23%, and 21.69% in silages A50:1, B150:1, and C500:1 respectively, compared to silages without additive (control). Although the novel enzyme is in its early stage, the results indicate that it has a potential for practical application at an additive to substrate ratio (g/g) of 1:50. The use of sugar beet leaves and the novel enzyme for biogas production forms part of the circular economy since it involves the use of wastes for clean energy production.
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16
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Van Vlierberghe C, Escudié R, Bernet N, Santa-Catalina G, Frederic S, Carrere H. Conditions for efficient alkaline storage of cover crops for biomethane production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126722. [PMID: 35041924 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An innovative process aiming to combine storage and alkali pretreatment of cover crops was investigated using lime as a low cost and environmental friendly reactant. Different lime loadings and Total Solid concentrations (TS) allowed to highlight the abiotic mechanisms of deacetylation during the early stages of the process. Long-term storage experiments of rye and sunflower cover crops at 100 g.kgTS-1 lime loading allowed to evaluate the fermentation kinetics and to compare performances in dry and wet conditions to classical silage storage. The dry condition allowed an efficient alkaline storage and up to a 15.7% Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) increase, while the wet condition underwent a succession of fermentations with a high butyric acid accumulation and H2 production, leading to a 13% BMP loss. Silage experiments allowed an efficient preservation of the BMP, with no significant variation over the 6-month storage duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Van Vlierberghe
- INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France; GRDF, 6 rue Condorcet, F-75009 Paris, France
| | - R Escudié
- INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - N Bernet
- INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - G Santa-Catalina
- INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - S Frederic
- GRDF, 6 rue Condorcet, F-75009 Paris, France
| | - H Carrere
- INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France.
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17
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Using the Mixed Culture of Fodder Mallow (Malva verticillata L.) and White Sweet Clover (Melilotus albus Medik.) for Methane Production. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-growing number of biogas plants also leads to an increasing demand for suitable, alternative plant substrates. A currently dominant plant substrate is maize silage. However, intensive cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) as an energy crop in monocultures poses risk to the environment (soil erosion, depletion of soil nutrient supplies, increased concentration of pests—Ostrinia nubilalis). In this study, results of experimental methane production from silages of alternative substrates, such as fodder mallow (Malva verticillata var. crispa L.; FM), white sweet clover (Melilotus albus Medik.; WSC) and their mixture, are presented. Based on the dry matter yield of a mixed culture of mallow and sweet clover, the value of the land equivalent ratio parameter (LER) was set as 1.05. The obtained LER (>1) value shows that the cultivation of the two tested crops in the mixed culture is more beneficial than their monocultures. Methane production from all three silage variants was fully comparable with results of methane production from the maize silage. Anaerobic fermentation of the mixture of FM and WSC did not result in higher methane yield than the average result of monosubstrates.
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18
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Aloba TA, Corea EE, Mendoza M, Dickhoefer U, Castro-Montoya J. Effects of ensiling length and storage temperature on the nutritive value and fibre-bound protein of three tropical legumes ensiled alone or combined with sorghum. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Sun H, Cui X, Li R, Guo J, Dong R. Ensiling process for efficient biogas production from lignocellulosic substrates: Methods, mechanisms, and measures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125928. [PMID: 34537529 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ensiling has been developed as mainstream technologies to preserve lignocellulose biomass for biogas production. However, the lack of general evaluation methods and process mechanism research hinders the understanding of its effectiveness. In this context, we reviewed existing studies and proposed some key considerations: (1) For assessing the ensiling process, determined dry matter contents should be corrected according to the volatilization loss in oven-drying method to obtain accurate storage loss and methane yield; (2) For comprehensive assessments, the trade-off between storage loss and enhanced biomethane yield should be evaluated from the entire-chain process; (3) The mechanism to enhance methane yield is primarily attributed to increased lignocellulosic biodigestibility through acid-based hydrolysis and biological degradation during ensiling; (4) Measures including co-storage, increasing buffering capacity, adjusting carbon/nitrogen ratio, and additives can be adopted to increase biogas production. The proposed methods, mechanisms, and measures (3Ms) could help initiate the specific quality criteria of biogas-oriented silages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xian Cui
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Rangling Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264032, Shandong, PR China
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20
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Nyári J, Kakuk B, Bagi Z, Rákhely G, Kovács KL. Use of ensiled green willow biomass in biogas fermentation. Biol Futur 2021; 72:263-271. [PMID: 34554482 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biggest challenges of our era include climate change and the global fossil energy problem. Extensive utilization of renewable energy sources should be a part of the solution for both these problems. Biogas is a versatile renewable energy carrier that has the potential to substitute fossil fuels. The most frequently utilized substrates for the anaerobic digestion (AD) process include maize silage today, but there is an increasing demand for second-generation biomass sources, which are cheaper and do not interfere with the cultivation of food production. Green biomass from short rotation coppice willow (GWB) may be a promising alternative. However, to ensure feedstock quantity and quality all year round, a preservation method has to be developed. We attempted to ensilage the biomass and subsequently utilized the resulting willow-silage in batch fermenters. Various mixtures of lactic acid bacteria were employed to facilitate ensiling by inoculation of the substrate in anaerobic jars for 60 days. During the ensiling analytical investigations, (HPLC, pH, oTS/TS%) were carried out in order to follow the build-up of fermentation products. AD fermentations were assembled from the ensilaged biomass and the methane production was measured for 56 days. The total methane yields of the ensilaged biomass were 8-15% higher than that of the fresh biomass and methane production rates were also improved. Our findings suggest that ensiling is not only an excellent preservation method for willow biomass, but also stimulates its AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Nyári
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kakuk
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bagi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kornél L Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. .,Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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21
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Estimating the Methane Potential of Energy Crops: An Overview on Types of Data Sources and Their Limitations. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As the anaerobic digestion of energy crops and crop residues becomes more widely applied for bioenergy production, planners and operators of biogas plants, and farmers who consider growing such crops, have a need for information on potential biogas and methane yields. A rich body of literature reports methane yields for a variety of such materials. These data have been obtained with different testing methods. This work elaborates an overview on the types of data source available and the methods that are commonly applied to determine the methane yield of an agricultural biomass, with a focus on European crops. Limitations regarding the transferability and generalisation of data are explored, and crop methane values presented across the literature are compared. Large variations were found for reported values, which can only partially be explained by the methods applied. Most notably, the intra-crop variation of methane yield (reported values for a single crop type) was higher than the inter-crop variation (variation between different crops). The pronounced differences in reported methane yields indicate that relying on results from individual assays of candidate materials is a high-risk approach for planning biogas operations, and the ranges of values such as those presented here are essential to provide a robust basis for estimation.
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22
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Jomnonkhaow U, Sittijunda S, Reungsang A. Influences of size reduction, hydration, and thermal-assisted hydration pretreatment to increase the biogas production from Napier grass and Napier silage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 331:125034. [PMID: 33798860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment of lignocellulose materials prior to biogas production is required to minimize biomass recalcitrance and increase biomass digestibility. In this study, the effects of particle size reduction, hydration, and thermal-assisted hydration on Napier grass and silage for methane production were evaluated. Compared to the 4.75-mm particle size Napier grass and silage, 0.425-mm Napier grass and silage showed 72% and 46% increases in methane yield, respectively, whereas hydration pretreatment using hydrogenic effluent increased the methane yields from Napier grass and silage by 23% and 56%, respectively. Superior effects were observed when Napier grass and silage were pretreated with thermal-assisted hydration using hydrogenic effluent for 60 and 15 min, respectively, resulting in methane yields of 385 and 331 mL CH4/g substrateadded. The results indicate that size reduction accompanied by thermal-assisted hydration using hydrogenic effluent as a hydration medium significantly improved the biodegradability of Napier grass and silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umarin Jomnonkhaow
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sureewan Sittijunda
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
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23
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Kupryś-Caruk M, Choińska R, Dekowska A, Piasecka-Jóźwiak K. Silage quality and biogas production from Spartina pectinata L. fermented with a novel xylan-degrading strain of Lactobacillus buchneri M B/00077. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13175. [PMID: 34162969 PMCID: PMC8222392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to determine the ability of the Lactobacillus buchneri M B/00077 strain to degrade xylan, its impact on the quality of silage made from the lignocellulosic biomass of Spartina pectinata L., as well as the efficiency of biogas production. In the model in vitro conditions the L. buchneri M B/00077 strain was able to grow in a medium using xylan as the sole source of carbon, and xylanolytic activity was detected in the post-culture medium. In the L. buchneri M B/00077 genome, genes encoding endo-1,4-xylanase and β-xylosidase were identified. The silages prepared using L. buchneri M B/00077 were characterized by a higher concentration of acetic and propionic acids compared to the controls or the silages prepared with the addition of commercial xylanase. The addition of bacteria increased the efficiency of biogas production. From the silages treated with L. buchneri M B/00077, 10% and 20% more biogas was obtained than from the controls and the silages treated with commercial xylanase, respectively. The results of the current study indicated the strain L. buchneri M B/00077 as being a promising candidate for further application in the field of pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kupryś-Caruk
- Department of Fermentation Technology, Prof. W. Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Choińska
- Department of Fermentation Technology, Prof. W. Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Dekowska
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. W. Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piasecka-Jóźwiak
- Department of Fermentation Technology, Prof. W. Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Castellón-Zelaya MF, González-Martínez S. Silage of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste to improve methane production. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:2536-2548. [PMID: 34032629 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The silage of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is a common practice in biogas plants. During silage, fermentation processes take place, affecting the later methanisation stage. There are no studies about how OFMSW silage affects methane production. This work aimed to determine the effects of silage (anaerobic acid fermentation) at different solids concentrations and temperatures on methane production. OFMSW was ensiled at 20, 35, and 55 °C with total solids (TS) concentrations of 10, 20, and 28% for 15 days. The ensiled OFMSW was then tested for methane production at the substrate to inoculum ratios (S/I) of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5. Independently of the temperature, the production of the metabolites during silage increases with decreasing solids concentration. The highest production was of lactic acid, ethanol, and acetic acid, representing together 95% of the total. Methane production from ensiled OFMSW at 10% solids concentration shows, under every tested condition, better methane production than from fresh OFMSW. Ensiled OFMSW produces more methane than fresh OFMSW, and methane production was highest at 35 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Castellón-Zelaya
- Environmental Engineering Department, Institute of Engineering, National University of Mexico (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico E-mail:
| | - Simón González-Martínez
- Environmental Engineering Department, Institute of Engineering, National University of Mexico (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico E-mail:
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25
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Riau V, Burgos L, Camps F, Domingo F, Torrellas M, Antón A, Bonmatí A. Closing nutrient loops in a maize rotation. Catch crops to reduce nutrient leaching and increase biogas production by anaerobic co-digestion with dairy manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 126:719-727. [PMID: 33878676 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three catch crop species, ryegrass, forage rape and black oat, were grown between successive rotations of maize to reduce nitrogen leaching due to maize fertilization with digested dairy manure. Catch crops showed a high nutrient uptake, but with a wide range, depending on the year and the specie. Ensiling was shown to be a feasible storing method increasing catch crop methane production per hectare between 14-36% compared with fresh catch crop. In semi-continuous co-digestion experiments, methane production was increased between 35-48%, in comparison with anaerobic digestion of dairy manure alone. Catch crops were shown to be a good co-substrate, being a sustainable option to prevent leaching of nutrients to the environment, thus closing the loops from production to utilization by optimal recycling measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Riau
- GIRO, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 - Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - L Burgos
- GIRO, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 - Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Camps
- Mas Badia, Sustainable Field Crops, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 17134 - La Tallada d'Empordà, Girona, Spain
| | - F Domingo
- Mas Badia, Sustainable Field Crops, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 17134 - La Tallada d'Empordà, Girona, Spain
| | - M Torrellas
- GIRO, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 - Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Antón
- GIRO, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 - Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Bonmatí
- GIRO, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 - Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Bai Y, Rafiq MK, Li S, Degen AA, Mašek O, Sun H, Han H, Wang T, Joseph S, Bachmann RT, Sani RK, Long R, Shang Z. Biochar from pyrolyzed Tibetan Yak dung as a novel additive in ensiling sweet sorghum: An alternate to the hazardous use of Yak dung as a fuel in the home. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123647. [PMID: 33264862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Yak dung is used as fuel in Tibetan homes; however, this use is hazardous to health. An alternative use of the dung that would be profitable and offset the loss as a fuel would be very beneficial. Sweet sorghum silage with yak dung biochar as an additive was compared with a control silage with no additives and three silages with different commercial additives, namely Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum and Acremonium cellulase. Biochar-treated silage had a significantly greater concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates than the other silages (76 vs 12.4-45.8 g/kg DM) and a greater crude protein content (75.5 vs 61.4 g/kg DM), lactic acid concentration (40.7 vs 27.7 g/kg DM) and gross energy yield (17.8 vs 17.4 MJ/kg) than the control silage. Biochar-treated and control silages did not differ in in vitro digestibility and in total gas (507 vs 511 L/kg DM) and methane production (57.9 vs 57.1 L/kg DM). Biochar inhibited degradation of protein and water-soluble carbohydrates and enhanced lactic acid production, which improved storability of feed. It was concluded that yak dung biochar is an efficient, cost-effective ensiling additive. The profit could offset the loss of dung as fuel and improve the health of Tibetan people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Khalid Rafiq
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, United Kingdom; Rangeland Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - A Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410500, Israel
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huawen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Stephen Joseph
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Thomas Bachmann
- Malaysian Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (MICET), Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Lot 1988, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Rajesh K Sani
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, 57701, United States
| | - Ruijun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhanhuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Joya M, Ashayerizadeh O, Dastar B. Effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis and Bacillus subtilis PB6 on growth performance, intestinal microbiota and morphology, and serum parameters in broiler chickens. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Context
The use of microalgae as prebiotics in poultry diets may improve production efficiency by modifying the gastrointestinal ecosystem. Prebiotic properties of the cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis have been confirmed, but effects of its combination with probiotics on broiler chicken performance are unclear.
Aims
This experiment was designed to study the effects of different levels of a microalga (Spirulina platensis) and a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis PB6, BSPB) on performance, intestinal microbiota and morphology, and blood parameters in broiler chickens.
Methods
One-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens (300 in total) were allocated to six treatments in a completely randomised design with 3 × 2 factorial arrangement including three levels of Spirulina (0%, 0.05% or 0.1% of diet) and two levels of BSPB (0% or 0.05% of diet) and were reared for 42 days.
Key results
Individual use of Spirulina and BSPB improved bodyweight gain and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens. The relative weight of the breast cut was greater in broilers treated with 0.05% Spirulina than in those receiving Spirulina-free treatments. The count of lactic acid bacteria was higher in the ileum of birds receiving only BSPB than in those receiving diets without BSPB. The use of 0.1% Spirulina in the diet decreased the pH and coliform population in the ileum compared with 0% Spirulina. There was an interaction between Spirulina and BSPB on villus height (VH) and the VH:crypt depth ratio in the small intestine. Co-supplementation with 0.1% Spirulina and BSPB increased VH and the VH:crypt depth ratio in the duodenum compared with diets supplemented, respectively, with 0.1% Spirulina and BSPB alone. Broiler chickens fed diets with BSPB had higher activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and lower concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride in serum.
Conclusions
The results show that supplementation with Spirulina and BSPB had a positive effect on performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens. The synergistic interaction between these supplements leads to enhancement of epithelial morphology in the small intestine.
Implications
Because of the potential of Spirulina and BSPB to create beneficial changes in the intestinal ecosystem and serum parameters, these dietary additives could be recommended for improving the quantity and quality of meat products and health status in broiler chickens.
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Maize Silage Pretreatment via Steam Refining and Subsequent Enzymatic Hydrolysis for the Production of Fermentable Carbohydrates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246022. [PMID: 33352640 PMCID: PMC7767005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize, also called corn, is one of the most available feedstocks worldwide for lignocellulosic biorefineries. However, a permanent biomass supply over the year is essential for industrial biorefinery application. In that context, ensiling is a well-known agricultural application to produce durable animal feed for the whole year. In this study, ensiled maize was used for steam refining experiments with subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis using the Cellic® CTec2 to test the application possibilities of an ensiled material for the biorefinery purpose of fermentable carbohydrate production. Steam refining was conducted from mild (log R0 = 1.59) to severe conditions (log R0 = 4.12). The yields were determined, and the resulting fractions were characterized. Hereafter, enzymatic hydrolysis of the solid fiber fraction was conducted, and the carbohydrate recovery was calculated. A conversion to monomers of around 50% was found for the mildest pretreatment (log R0 = 1.59). After pretreatment at the highest severity of 4.12, it was possible to achieve a conversion of 100% of the theoretical available carbohydrates. From these results, it is clear that a sufficient pretreatment is necessary to achieve sufficient recovery rates. Thus, it can be concluded that ensiled maize pretreated by steam refining is a suitable and highly available feedstock for lignocellulosic biorefineries. Ultimately, it can be assumed that ensiling is a promising storage method to pave the way for a full-year biomass supply for lignocellulosic biorefinery concepts.
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Co-Ensiling of Wheat Straw as an Alternative Pre-Treatment to Chemical, Hydrothermal and Mechanical Methods for Methane Production. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13164047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wheat straw without pre-treatment is only converted to methane to a low degree during anaerobic digestion for fuel production due to its low hydrolysis. Current pre-treatment technologies are challenged by high expenses to energy or chemical agents. We examined the low-tech co-ensiling pre-treatment as an alternative pre-treatment of wheat straw, and compared the results with hydrothermal, chemical and mechanical pre-treatment methods. The effects of co-ensiling duration and the mixing ratio between straw and sugar beet root on the methane yields, surface morphology and chemical composition were examined. It was found that co-ensiling could improve production of methane by 34.7%, while a combined hydrothermal and chemical pre-treatment could increase the production of methane by 25.4%. The study demonstrated that the effect of co-ensiling could overlap with hydrothermal and chemical pre-treatment by having similar effects to increase lignocellulosic hydrolysis and improve methane production.
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Xu D, Ding Z, Bai J, Ke W, Zhang Y, Li F, Guo X. Evaluation of the effect of feruloyl esterase-producing Lactobacillus plantarum and cellulase pretreatments on lignocellulosic degradation and cellulose conversion of co-ensiled corn stalk and potato pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123476. [PMID: 32402987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of feruloyl esterase-producing Lactobacillus plantarum A1, cellulase, or their combination on the fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate composition, and enzymatic hydrolysis of mixed corn stalk and potato pulp silage were investigated. Two mixture ratios were used: a weight ratio of rehydrated corn stalk to potato pulp of 35:1 (HD) and a weight ratio of dry corn stalk to potato pulp of 5:11 (LD). No advantage was observed with the addition of strain A1 alone for lignocellulosic degradation and cellulose conversion, while its combination with cellulase enhanced the lignocellulosic degradation and preserved more fermentable carbohydrates in co-ensiled corn stalk and potato pulp. The enzymatic hydrolysis results indicated a potential benefit of pretreatment for biogas production, as the co-ensiled HD ratio mixture without additive treatment showed high glucose yield after enzymatic hydrolysis following 60 d of fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zitong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Wencan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Fuhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Ren H, Feng Y, Pei J, Li J, Wang Z, Fu S, Zheng Y, Li Z, Peng Z. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum additive and temperature on the ensiling quality and microbial community dynamics of cauliflower leaf silages. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123238. [PMID: 32247271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to enable rapid disposal and proper preservation of discarded vegetable for waste valorization, ensiling was employed to preserve cauliflower leaves for 30 days at different temperatures (20 ~ 45 °C) with and without the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum L8. The L. plantarum inoculant reduced dry matter (DM) loss and enhanced the preservation of protein and soluble carbohydrate while decreasing pH and ammonia nitrogen content. The silages at 35 °C exhibited the best fermentation profile characterized by the highest lactic acid content (185 g·kg-1 DM) and the lowest pH (4.08) and ammonia nitrogen content (37.6 g·kg-1 total nitrogen) with L. plantarum inoculation. The presence of exogenous L. plantarum improved the silage fermentation, enriched Lactobacillus and Weissella, and reduced the microbial richness/diversity, resulting in efficient lactic acid fermentation, especially at 30 and 35 °C. Moreover, the microbial community dynamics was correlated with the chemical compositions and fermentation metabolites in silages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Ren
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Complementary Energy System of Biomass and Solar Energy, 287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China
| | - Yinping Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Complementary Energy System of Biomass and Solar Energy, 287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China
| | - Jiawen Pei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Complementary Energy System of Biomass and Solar Energy, 287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China
| | - Jinping Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Complementary Energy System of Biomass and Solar Energy, 287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China
| | - Zhiye Wang
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, 229 South Dingxi Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, PR China
| | - Shanfei Fu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, 101C BIVAP, 1980 Kimball Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Zhizhong Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Complementary Energy System of Biomass and Solar Energy, 287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China
| | - Zhangpu Peng
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, 229 South Dingxi Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, PR China
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32
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Sun H, Cui X, Stinner W, Zhang L, Ju X, Guo J, Dong R. Ensiling excessively wilted maize stover with biogas slurry: Effects on storage performance and subsequent biogas potential. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 305:123042. [PMID: 32105847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the ensiling performance of excessively wilted maize stover (EWMS) with biogas slurries and the effect on the subsequent biomethane potential. Chicken and pig manure biogas slurries with or without solid-liquid separation were used to amend the stover humidity before ensiling for 60 d. The hetero-lactic-acid fermentative bacteria Atopostipes and Lactobacillus were enriched by the biogas slurry regardless of the solid-liquid separation. Significant increases in the total organic-acid content were observed in silages with chicken (41%) and pig (15%) manure biogas slurries without solid-liquid separation, which was not the case for treatments with solid-liquid separation. During the ensiling process, more lignocellulose was degraded under the high buffer-capacity provided by the ammonia-nitrogen in the biogas slurry. An increase of 7.1%-9.6% was observed for the specific methane yieldmeasured, which offset a storage loss of 5.0%-7.3%. Ensiling EWMS with biogas slurry therefore provides a viable strategy for biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xian Cui
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Walter Stinner
- German Biomass Research Center, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Str. 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany; Sino-German Biomass Research Center Anhui, Hefei University, Jinxiu Dadao 99, 230601 Hefei, PR China
| | - Leping Zhang
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xinxin Ju
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264032, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264032, Shandong, PR China
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Ren H, Feng Y, Liu T, Li J, Wang Z, Fu S, Zheng Y, Peng Z. Effects of different simulated seasonal temperatures on the fermentation characteristics and microbial community diversities of the maize straw and cabbage waste co-ensiling system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:135113. [PMID: 31791754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ensiling is considered as a suitable method to preserve seasonal agricultural residues to enable long-term supply for wastes valorization. In this study, the effects of simulated seasonal temperatures (-3, 18 and 34 °C) on the organic compositions, ensiling fermentation characteristics, and microbial community evolution during 120 days co-ensiling of maize straw and cabbage wastes were investigated. Successful storage performance was obtained at all these three temperatures. Comparatively, silages at 18 and 34 °C showed lower ammonia nitrogen, lower pH and more intensive lactic acid bacteria fermentation than that at -3 °C. Both silages at -3 and18 °C were well-preserved for 120 days with higher biodegradation potential (BDP), accompanied by lower content of acid detergent lignin (ADL). However, the silages at 34 °C could only preserved for 90 days due to low carbohydrate, low BDP and higher ADL content than that at -3 or18 °C. The storage temperature is a critical parameter that significantly affected the silage quality by influencing the microbial community diversity in silages. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were dominant bacteria at phylum level for all silages while the dominant lactic acid bacteria at genus level were Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc, which restrained the undesirable microbes such as Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Pantoea during co-ensiling. Co-ensiling of maize straw with vegetable wastes may provide a promising strategy for long-term preservation of air-dried crop straw while using vegetable wastes as regulatable supplement to achieve silages of desired quality. This study could provide valuable information for conservation and management of agricultural wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Ren
- School of Life Science and Engineering/Western China Energy & Environment Research Center, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China
| | - Yinping Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering/Western China Energy & Environment Research Center, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering/Western China Energy & Environment Research Center, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China
| | - Jinping Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering/Western China Energy & Environment Research Center, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, PR China
| | - Zhiye Wang
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Shanfei Fu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, No 1800, Lihudadao Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, 101C BIVAP, 1980 Kimball Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Zhangpu Peng
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
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Wu P, Li L, Jiang J, Sun Y, Yuan Z, Feng X, Guo Y. Effects of fermentative and non-fermentative additives on silage quality and anaerobic digestion performance of Pennisetum purpureum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122425. [PMID: 31786034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of additives on the silage quality, microbial community, and anaerobic digestion performance of Pennisetum purpureum with high moisture content was studied. The sample treated with a mixed additive had best silage quality with the lowest pH and highest lactic acid/acetic acid ratio. Different additives influenced the dominant desirable bacteria. Correspondingly, Enterobacter was the dominant bacterial genus for sample with non-fermentative additives, whereas for the samples with fermentative or mixed additives, both Enterobacter and Lactobacillus had high relative abundance. The parameters of NH3-N, hemicellulose and lactic acid were positively correlated with the specific methane yield, while the lignin content was inversely correlated with the specific methane yield. The higher specific methane yield of 293.81 ± 0.15-334.69 ± 22.75 mL/g VS was obtained for samples treated with fermentative additive. Therefore, the mixed additive and fermentative additive are recommended for the silage of material with high-moisture content to improve the silage quality and methane yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lianhua Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongming Sun
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenhong Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xidan Feng
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yufang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Müller J, Hahn J. Ensilability of Biomass From Effloresced Flower Strips as Co-substrate in Bioenergy Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:14. [PMID: 32083070 PMCID: PMC7006225 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flower strips are grown to an increasing degree in order to enhance the ecological value of agricultural landscapes. Depending on their profitable life span and the crop sequence, the strips' biomass must be mulched after flowering to enable repeated tillage. A promising alternative is the use of the flower strips' biomass as a co-substrate for biomethanisation - thereby contributing to the climate-friendly generation of energy. This potential bioenergy substrate occurs only seasonally and is commonly produced only in limited quantities at a farm scale. To realize the additional benefit of flower strips as energy suppliers, stock piling of the strips' biomass is required. However, information about the ensilability of flower strip biomass is still rare. We conducted a 2-year study to analyze the ensilability of pure biomass from effloresced flower strips and mixtures of flower strip biomass with 33 and 67% whole crop maize, respectively. Ensiling took place in 3 l model silos at laboratory scale after chopping the substrate. Before ensiling several chemical characteristics of the biomass stock were determined to assess the substrate's biochemical ensilability potential (dry matter content, water-soluble carbohydrates, buffering capacity, nitrate content). The process-engineered ensiling success after 90 days was determined based on fermentation patterns. The ensilability potential of the pure flower strip substrates reached modest levels (fermentability coefficients according to Weißbach vary around the threshold of 45). Nevertheless, acceptable silage qualities were achieved under the laboratory conditions (pH ranging from 4.2 to 4.7). Compared to pure flower strip biomass, the addition of maize noticeably improved both the substrate's biochemical ensilability potential and the quality of real fermented silage. We conclude that a mixture of 33% biomass from flower strips with 67% whole crop maize can be regarded as a recommendable ratio if proper ensiling technology is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Müller
- Group Grassland and Forage Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Juliane Hahn
- Group Crop Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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36
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Stable carbon isotope analyses offer insights into net carbon degradation of maize silages in anaerobic batch fermentations. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCarbon degradation indicates the efficiency of anaerobic digestion processes. Common carbon degradation determination methods define gross carbon degradation (C deggross) of substrate and inoculum inseparably. The aim of this study was to test an isotope-based method defining solely substrate-based net carbon degradation (C degnet) on maize silage. As the natural abundance of stable isotopes in agricultural substrates vary, the method’s applicability was tested on (i) different maize silages sampled from agricultural farms, (ii) maize silage in fresh (MSfresh) and impaired storage (MSimpaired) conditions.Experiments included six maize silages digested in a total of 19 lab-scale batch reactors, analyzed for digestion parameters, stable isotopes, gross and net carbon degradation. MSimpaired showed significantly different stable carbon isotope composition at the start of the experiments, compared to MSfresh. Both methods indicated quality losses in MSimpaired. Results showed significantly higher C degnet values, ranging from 58.4% to 86.5%, compared to deggross values, ranging from 23.1% to 48.7%. This indicated the applicability of an isotope-based method C degnet to assess net carbon degradation of maize silages more detailed by excluding the masking effect of the inoculum. The isotope-based net carbon degradation method was found applicable on maize silages from (i) different farms and (ii) in different storage qualities.
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Testing different ensiling parameters to increase butyric acid concentration for maize silage, followed by silage separation and methane yield potential of separated solids residues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sun H, Cui X, Stinner W, Mustafa Shah G, Cheng H, Shan S, Guo J, Dong R. Synergetic effect of combined ensiling of freshly harvested and excessively wilted maize stover for efficient biogas production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121338. [PMID: 30999188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the synergetic effects of ensiling freshly harvested maize stover (FHM) and excessively wilted maize stover (EWM) on biogas production. FHM and EWM were mixed in various proportions to obtain dry matter (DM) contents of 30%, 35% and 40%. For reference, FHM alone was ensiled and stored in open-air. Successful storage performance was obtained by the ensiling treatments, and the organic matter loss of 1.1-2.2% was far lower than in open-air storage (63.1%). An initial water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) of 5% DM is adequate for the combined ensiling of maize stover with the highest WSC degradation rate of 81.2%. Combined ensiling enhanced the activity of Weissella, a genus of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, under relatively high pH conditions. Therefore, the combined ensiling can preserve FHM and enhance the digestibility of EWM (theoretical specific methane yield increased 16.5%), which would be a promising storage strategy for efficient biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xian Cui
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Walter Stinner
- German Biomass Research Center (Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum, DBFZ), Torgauer Str. 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany; Sino-German Biomass Research Center Anhui (C-DBFZ Anhui), Hefei University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Huicai Cheng
- Institute of Biology, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050081, Hebei, PR China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264032, Shandong, PR China
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Li F, Ding Z, Ke W, Xu D, Zhang P, Bai J, Mudassar S, Muhammad I, Guo X. Ferulic acid esterase-producing lactic acid bacteria and cellulase pretreatments of corn stalk silage at two different temperatures: Ensiling characteristics, carbohydrates composition and enzymatic saccharification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:211-221. [PMID: 30861451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Acremonium cellulase and L. plantarum A1 with ferulic acid esterase activity on corn stalk silage fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate composition and enzymatic saccharification were studied at 25 and 40 °C, respectively. Corn stalk was ensiled without additive (C), Acremonium cellulase (AC), L. plantarum A1 (Lp) and AC + Lp for 60 days. Pretreatment with Lp or AC + Lp promoted the better silage fermentation and the degradation of lignocellulose as indicated by high lactic acid and low pH and lignocellulose content compared to control silages at 25 °C. AC + Lp performed better in reducing lignocellulose and DM loss. In addition, Lp alone enhanced enzymatic saccharification of corn stalk silage. However, the influence of L. plantarum A1 on corn stalk silage was not obvious at 40 °C. Corn stalk ensiled with combined additive is a suitable pretreatment method for subsequent biofuel production at 25 °C, but addition of Acremonium cellulase alone at 40 °C may be a promising method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhou Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zitong Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Wencan Ke
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jie Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Shah Mudassar
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ishaq Muhammad
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Fermentation Characteristics of Lactobacillus Plantarum and Pediococcus Species Isolated from Sweet Sorghum Silage and Their Application as Silage Inoculants. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the fermentation characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus spp isolated from sweet sorghum silage to enhance the fermentation quality of Napier grass and sweet sorghum silage. Based on molecular 16S ribosomal ribonucleic identification the isolated strains were phylogenetically related to Lactobacillus plantarum (HY1), Pediococcus acidilactici (HY2) and Pediococcus claussenii (HY3). Strains HY1, HY2 and HY3 and commercial bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum, Ecosyl; (MTD\1( were ensiled with sweet sorghum and Napier grass and the non-inoculated grasses, have been arranged in a completely randomized experimental design in a 5 (inoculants) × 3 (ensiling periods). In both grasses, the fermentation characteristics chemical composition and microbial population were assessed at 5–30 and 90 days of ensiling. The results showed that the effect of addition inoculants significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the pH, ammonia-N, acetic acid and undesirable microbial population and increased (p < 0.05) lactic acid and lactic acid bacteria counting when compared to the control. The effect of ensiling days on silage quality through the increasing lactic acid, acetic acid, ammonia-N, propionic acid and butyric acid whereas decreasing pH and water-soluble carbohydrates and microbial counts. In both sweet sorghum and Napier silage treated with isolated strains showed the best results in silage quality. The HY3 belongs to Pediococcus claussenii was not extensively studied in silage but it has shown good fermentation quality which strongly recommended to apply as probiotic.
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Vu VH, Li X, Wang M, Liu R, Zhang G, Liu W, Xia B, Sun Q. Dynamics of fungal community during silage fermentation of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) produced in northern Vietnam. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:996-1006. [PMID: 30744340 PMCID: PMC6601068 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to gain deeper insights into the dynamic changes in spoilage fungi populations during fermentation and the influence of traditional additives on silage quality. Methods Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was prepared without any additive (control), and with the addition of 0.5% salt, and 0.5% salt−0.2% sugar mixture. The fungal community was then determined using a classic culturing method and high-throughput sequencing at 0, 5, 15, and 60 days after ensiling. Results The results showed that the fungal community of elephant grass silage varied significantly between the natural fermentation without any additive and the two additive groups. The diversity and relative abundance of spoilage molds in the control group were much higher than those in the two treatment groups (p<0.05). Three species of yeasts (Candida sp., Pichia sp., Trichosporon sp.) and four spoilage molds (Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Muco sp. and Penicillin sp.) were the predominant fungi in elephant grass during natural fermentation from 0 to 60 days, which were found to be significantly decreased in salt and sugar additive groups (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the diversity and relative abundance of undesirable molds in the 0.5%-salt additive group were the lowest among all groups. Conclusion Adding salt and sugar, particularly 0.5% salt, is a promising effective approach to reduce the amount of undesirable fungi thus, improving the silage quality of elephant grass in northern Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Ha Vu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, North East College of Agriculture and Forestry, Quang Ninh 207620, Vietnam
| | - Xiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Rongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Guojian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Baixue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Qun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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Thomas C, Idler C, Ammon C, Herrmann C, Amon T. Inactivation of ESBL-/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli during mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 84:74-82. [PMID: 30691915 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The high prevalence of extended-spectrum-ß-lactamase (ESBL)-/AmpC-producing Escherichia (E.) coli in European broiler farms leads to the possible dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains into the environment using contaminated feces as organic fertilizer. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of temperature on the reduction kinetics of two artificially added ESBL-/AmpC-producing E. coli strains during lab-scale mesophilic (37 °C, 42 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. The decimal reduction times (D-value) were approximately 3-6 days at 37 °C, 1.5 days at 42 °C and 48 min at 55 °C. Starting with initial E. coli counts of 7 log10 colony forming units (CFU) per milliliter, both E. coli strains were below the detection limit after 35 days at all temperatures; however, at 37 °C and 42 °C, ESBL-producing E. coli were still partially detectable by enrichment. Temperature and retention time were the main inactivation factors. No direct correlation could be found between pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) or ammonia (NH3) and E. coli reduction. D-values were predicted for several temperatures between 37 °C and 55 °C and may help define time-temperature guidelines. Thermophilic digestion is an adequate method to rapidly inactivate ESBL-producing E. coli in chicken manure. At mesophilic temperatures, however, strict compliance of retention times and the prevention of short-circuiting become essential to gain an ESBL-producing E. coli free digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Thomas
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Christine Idler
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Christian Ammon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Christiane Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Thomas Amon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Free University Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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He Y, Dijkstra J, Sonnenberg AS, Mouthier TM, Kabel MA, Hendriks WH, Cone JW. The nutritional value of the lower maize stem cannot be improved by ensiling nor by a fungal treatment. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Duvnjak M, Kljak K, Grbeša D. Response of common silage corn hybrids to inoculant application: fermentation profile, carbohydrate fractions, and digestibility during ensiling. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an16840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Corn silage digestibility studies have focussed on genetically distant corn types. Conversely, silage additive studies monitored fermentation differences without discussing the subject of hybrid digestibility. How ensiling phases and additives affect silage quality in commercial corn hybrids has not been properly examined yet. As corn silage quality is a result of combined silage fermentation and digestibility characteristics, the aim of the study was to examine fermentation and digestibility responses to inoculant application in whole-plant corn silage of commercial hybrids intended for silage production in several time points during ensiling. Three corn hybrids grown under identical conditions in a split-plot field test were ensiled without inoculant application and with inoculant containing lactic acid bacteria and carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Silages were sampled before ensiling, at the peak of the fermentation phase and during the stable phase. The fermentation profile, carbohydrate fraction, ruminal in vitro true dry matter digestibility, ruminal in vitro starch digestibility, and ruminal in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility were monitored. Although adding inoculant to silage improved its lactic acid production and decrease in pH, it did not affect its starch and fibre contents or their digestibility. Digestibility improved as ensiling continued, with the highest in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and in vitro true dry matter digestibility values observed in the stable phase. Corn hybrids in this study differed in main fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate contents, and digestibility. These results suggest that even for commercial corn hybrids, the hybrid type is more important than inoculant for optimising silage characteristics and digestibility.
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Xu DM, Ke WC, Zhang P, Li FH, Guo XS. Characteristics of Pediococcus pentosaceus Q6 isolated from Elymus nutans growing on the Tibetan Plateau and its application for silage preparation at low temperature. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:40-48. [PMID: 30223299 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Characteristics of a strain Pediococcus pentosaceus Q6 isolated from Elymus nutans growing on the Tibetan plateau and its effects on E. nutans silage fermentation stored at low temperature were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Sugar fermentation pattern and growth profiles of the strain Q6 and its reference strain APP were characterized. The strain Q6 and APP were inoculated to E. nutans at ensiling respectively; and ensiled at different temperatures (10, 15 and 25°C) for 30, 60 and 90 days. The results indicated that Q6 could grow at pH 3·0 and at 4°C. In contrast to APP, Q6 could ferment mannitol, saccharose, sorbitol and rhamnose. Lower pH in Q6-treated silages fermented for 60 days at 10 and 15°C was found compared with the control and APP-treated groups. For the silages that were stored at 10 or 15°C, the greatest lactic acid content were detected in Q6-inoculated silages ensiled for 30 and 60 days respectively. There were no differences in pH and lactic acid content between Q6- and APP-treated silages ensiled at 10 and 15°C for 90 days respectively. CONCLUSIONS Inoculation of the strain P. pentosaceus Q6 could improve fermentation quality of ensiled E. nutans at the early stage of ensiling stored at low temperature (10 or 15°C). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The selection of P. pentosaceus inoculants for improving silage quality at low temperature, which provides a candidate strain to make high-quality silage in regions with frigid climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - W C Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - P Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - F H Li
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Stay Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - X S Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Li J, Yuan X, Dong Z, Mugabe W, Shao T. The effects of fibrolytic enzymes, cellulolytic fungi and bacteria on the fermentation characteristics, structural carbohydrates degradation, and enzymatic conversion yields of Pennisetum sinese silage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:123-130. [PMID: 29800772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological inoculants were tested on Pennisetum sinese for their effects on fermentation characteristics, structural carbohydrates degradation, and enzymatic conversion yields. Pennisetum sinese was ensiled without additive, Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp), Trichoderma reesei (Tr), fibrolytic enzymes (E), and Enterococcus faecium (Y83) for 90 days. Y83 silages had higher LA and lower AA, ammonia-N and DM loss as compared to E and Tr silages. Tr and E had superior effects for degrading lignocellulose while Y83 had intermediate effects. The first-order exponential decay models (R2 = 0.928-0.998) predicted nonstructural carbohydrates kinetics and demonstrated high water soluble carbohydrate (g/kg DM) preservation potential in Y83 (21.40), followed by Tr (18.94) and E (16.74). Addition of Y83 improved the conversion efficiency of P. sinese silage than Tr and E, indicated by higher glucose and total reducing sugars yield (22.49 and 36.89 w/w % DM, respectively). In conclusion, Y83 can be exploited for the ensiling lignocellulosic biomass before grass processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xianjun Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wazha Mugabe
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Blajman JE, Páez RB, Vinderola CG, Lingua MS, Signorini ML. A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria for corn silage. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1655-1669. [PMID: 30142700 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This meta-analysis aims to assess the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation on fermentation parameters, microbiological composition and aerobic stability of corn silage. METHODS AND RESULTS Databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus) were searched from 1980 to 2017. The criteria for inclusion were: randomized and controlled experiments using corn silage and published in peer-reviewed journals. The meta-analysis showed that LAB supplementation increased pH, acetate and propionate concentrations, and decreased acid detergent fibre, water-soluble carbohydrates and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3 -N) compared to controls in the pooled raw mean difference random effect model. In addition, inoculation reduced counts of yeasts and moulds, increased LAB counts and markedly improved aerobic stability in corn silage. However, results indicated that the effect of inoculants may differ depending on the administration of homofermentative or heterofermentative LAB. CONCLUSIONS For the development of functional bacterial inoculants, both types of LAB should be used. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to compare the application of homofermentative and heterofermentative LAB for corn silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Blajman
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - R B Páez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - C G Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M S Lingua
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M L Signorini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Argentina
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Wang Y, Wang C, Zhou W, Yang FY, Chen XY, Zhang Q. Effects of Wilting and Lactobacillus plantarum Addition on the Fermentation Quality and Microbial Community of Moringa oleifera Leaf Silage. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1817. [PMID: 30127780 PMCID: PMC6087751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of wilting and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) addition on the silage fermentation quality and microbial community of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf silage. Unwilted (direct-cut) or wilted M. oleifera leaves were prepared either with or without LP (1.0 × 106 cfu/g) followed by either 60 or 120 days of ensiling, leading to eight treatment groups. The results showed that lactic acid was the dominant fermentation product, and no butyric acid was detected for any of the treatments. Higher acetic acid and propionic acid were detected during the fermentation of wilted silage compared to unwilted silage. Although NH3-N content increased after wilting, the content was far below 10% of the dry matter (DM). In addition, higher pH was observed after 120 days of ensiling compared to 60 days. Wilting also influenced the bacterial community structure. Lactobacillus was the most dominant genus in unwilted samples while Enterobacteriales, Weissella, and Pantoea were the most dominant genera in wilted samples. Furthermore, the relative abundance of undesirable microorganisms was far below that of lactic acid bacteria in all treatments. In summary, wilting had significant effects on fermentation quality, and it was shown that M. oleifera leaves can undergo quality ensiling directly without the addition of LP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Yu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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49
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Guo J, Cui X, Sun H, Zhao Q, Wen X, Pang C, Dong R. Effect of glucose and cellulase addition on wet-storage of excessively wilted maize stover and biogas production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 259:198-206. [PMID: 29554600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In north China, large amounts of excessively wilted maize stover are produced annually. Maize stover wet storage strategies and subsequent biogas production was examined in this study. Firstly, wet storage performances of harvested maize stover, air-dried for different time durations, were evaluated. Results showed that optimal storage performance was obtained when the initial water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content after air-drying was higher than 8.0%. Therefore, cellulase and glucose were added to the excessively wilted maize stover to achieve the targeted pre-storage WSC levels. Good storage performances were observed in treatments with addition of 76.4 g/kg DM glucose and 12.5 g/kg DM of cellulase; the specific methane yield increased by 23.7% and 19.2%, respectively. However, use of glucose as additive or co-storing with high WSC substrates can serve as economically feasible options to adapt wet storage of excessively wilted maize stover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Guo
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xian Cui
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Wen
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Changle Pang
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264032, Shandong, PR China
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50
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Li J, Yuan X, Desta ST, Dong Z, Mugabe W, Shao T. Characterization of Enterococcus faecalis JF85 and Enterococcus faecium Y83 isolated from Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) for ensiling Pennisetum sinese. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 257:76-83. [PMID: 29486409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two bacteria strains with cellulolytic potential isolated from Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) rumen were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (JF85) and Enterococcus faecium (Y83). Isolates grow well within a range of temperature 15 to 55 °C and pH 3.0-7.0, respectively. Two strains were inoculated with or without Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) to Pennisetum sinese silage for 90 days. All inoculants increased lactic acid content, decreased pH and lignocellulose contents compared with silage without additives (control). The lowest pH, highest lactic acid and largest reduction in lignocellulose contents were observed in JF85+Lp and Y83+Lp silages. Isolates alone or in combination with Lp significantly increased WSC, mono- and disaccharides contents as compared to the control. Combined addition efficiently improved enzymatic hydrolysis of Pennisetum sinese silage, indicated by higher glucose yield and cellulose convertibility. Pennisetum sinese ensiled with combined additives is a suitable storage and pretreatment method prior to sugars production from energy crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xianjun Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Seare T Desta
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wazha Mugabe
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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