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Yang B, Wang B, Bin L, Chen W, Chen X, Li P, Wen S, Huang S, Zhang Z, Tang B. Evaluation of the shear stability of aerobic granular sludge from a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor: Establishment of a quantitative method. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:579-590. [PMID: 39095191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
This work established a quantitative method to access the shear stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and validated its feasibility by using the mature AGS from a pilot-scale (50 tons/day) membrane bioreactor (MBR) for treating real municipal wastewater. The results showed that the changing rate (ΔS) of the peak area (S) of granule size distribution (GSD) exhibited an exponential relationship (R2≥0.76) with the shear time (y=a-b·cx), which was a suitable indicative index to reflect the shear stability of different AGS samples. The limiting granule size (LGS) was defined and proposed to characterize the equilibrium size for AGS after being sheared for a period of time, whose value in terms of Dv50 showed high correlation (R2=0.92) with the parameter a. The free Ca2+ (28.44-34.21 mg/L) in the influent specifically interacted with polysaccharides (PS) in the granule's extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) as a nucleation site, thereby inducing the formation of Ca precipitation to enhance its Young's modulus, while Ca2+ primarily interacted with PS in soluble metabolic product (SMP) during the initial granulation process. Furthermore, the Young's modulus significantly affected the parameter a related to shear stability (R2=0.99). Since the parameter a was more closely related (R2=1.00) to ΔS than that of the parameter b or c, the excellent correlation (R2=0.99) between the parameter a and the wet density further verified the feasibility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bingduo Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liying Bin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weirui Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Guangdong Guangshen Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanglong Wen
- Guangdong Guangshen Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Shaosong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Bing Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Jagaba AH, Lawal DU, Yassin MA, Abdulazeez I, Mu'azu ND, Usman AK, Lim JW, Aljundi IH. Nickel augmented biochar for sustaining produced water treatment to decarbonize oil and gas industrial waste using anaerobic-aerobic granular cylindrical periodic discontinuous batch reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119381. [PMID: 38857858 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of granular cylindrical periodic discontinuous batch reactors (GC-PDBRs) for produced water (PW) treatment by employing eggshell and waste activated sludge (WAS) derived Nickel (Ni) augmented biochar. The synthesized biochar was magnetized to further enhance its contribution towards achieving carbon neutrality due to carbon negative nature, Carbon dioxide (CO2) sorption, and negative priming effects. The GC-PDBR1 and GC-PDBR2 process variables were optimized by the application of central composite design (CCD). This is to maximize the decarbonization rate. Results showed that the systems could reduce total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 76-80% and 92-99%, respectively. Optimal organic matter and nutrient removals were achieved at 80% volumetric exchange ratio (VER), 5 min settling time and 3000 mg/L mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration with desirability values of 0.811 and 0.954 for GC-PDBR1 and GC-PDBR2, respectively. Employing four distinct models, the biokinetic coefficients of the GC-PDBRs treating PW were calculated. The findings indicated that First order (0.0758-0.5365) and Monod models (0.8652-0.9925) have relatively low R2 values. However, the Grau Second-order model and Modified Stover-Kincannon model have high R2 values. This shows that, the Grau Second Order and Modified Stover-Kincannon models under various VER, settling time, and MLSS circumstances, are more suited to explain the removal of pollutants in the GC-PDBRs. Microbiological evaluation demonstrated that a high VER caused notable rises in the quantity of several microorganisms. Under high biological selective pressure, GC-PDBR2 demonstrated a greater percentage of nitrogen removal via autotrophic denitrification and a greater number of nitrifying bacteria. The overgrowth of bacteria such as Actinobacteriota spp. Bacteroidota spp, Gammaproteobacteria, Desulfuromonas Mesotoga in the phylum, class, and genus, has positively impacted on granule formation and stability. Taken together, our study through the introduction of intermittent aeration GC-PDBR systems with added magnetized waste derived biochar, is an innovative approach for simultaneous aerobic sludge granulation and PW treatment, thereby providing valuable contributions in the journey toward achieving decarbonization, carbon neutrality and sustainable development goals (SDGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dahiru U Lawal
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Yassin
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Abdulazeez
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuhu Dalhat Mu'azu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31451 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullahi Kilaco Usman
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Isam H Aljundi
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Jagaba AH, Abdulazeez I, Lawal DU, Affam AC, Mu'azu ND, Soja UB, Usman AK, Noor A, Lim JW, Aljundi IH. A review on the application of biochar as an innovative and sustainable biocarrier material in moving bed biofilm reactors for dye removal from environmental matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:333. [PMID: 39026137 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Dye decolorization through biological treatment techniques has been gaining momentum as it is based on suspended and attached growth biomass in both batch and continuous modes. Hence, this review focused on the contribution of moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) in dye removal. MBBR have been demonstrated to be an excellent technology for pollution extraction, load shock resistance, and equipment size and energy consumption reduction. The review went further to highlight different biocarrier materials for biofilm development this review identified biochar as an innovative and environmentally friendly material produced through the application of different kinds of reusable or recyclable wastes and biowastes. Biochar as a carbonized waste biomass could be a better competitor and environmentally friendly substitute to activated carbon given its lower mass costs. Biochar can be easily produced particularly in rural locations where there is an abundance of biomass-based trash. Given that circular bioeconomy lowers dependency on natural resources by turning organic wastes into an array of useful products, biochar empowers the creation of competitive goods. Thus, biochar was identified as a novel, cost-effective, and long-term management strategy since it brings about several essential benefits, including food security, climate change mitigation, biodiversity preservation, and sustainability improvement. This review concludes that integrating two treatment methods could greatly lead to better color, organic matter, and nutrients removal than a single biological MBBR treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ismail Abdulazeez
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahiru U Lawal
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nuhu Dalhat Mu'azu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31451, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usman Bala Soja
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, P.M.B., 5001, Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Kilaco Usman
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, 39524, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azmatullah Noor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Isam H Aljundi
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Cicekalan B, Berenji NR, Aras MF, Guven H, Koyuncu I, Ersahin ME, Ozgun H. Impact of food waste addition in energy efficient municipal wastewater treatment by aerobic granular sludge process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:29304-29320. [PMID: 38570432 PMCID: PMC11058935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Recently, one of the main purposes of wastewater treatment plants is to achieve a neutral or positive energy balance while meeting the discharge criteria. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology is a promising technology that has low energy and footprint requirements as well as high treatment performance. The effect of co-treatment of municipal wastewater and food waste (FW) on the treatment performance, granule morphology, and settling behavior of the granules was investigated in the study. A biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was also performed to assess the methane potential of mono- and co-digestion of the excess sludge from the AGS process. The addition of FW into wastewater enhanced the nutrient treatment efficiency in the AGS process. BMP of the excess sludge from the AGS process fed with the mixture of wastewater and FW (195 ± 17 mL CH4/g VS) was slightly higher than BMP of excess sludge from the AGS process fed with solely wastewater (173 ± 16 mL CH4/g VS). The highest methane yield was observed for co-digestion of excess sludge from the AGS process and FW, which was 312 ± 8 mL CH4/g VS. Integration of FW as a co-substrate in the AGS process would potentially enhance energy recovery and the quality of effluent in municipal wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Cicekalan
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
| | - Nastaran Rahimzadeh Berenji
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Furkan Aras
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Guven
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
- National Research Center On Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Evren Ersahin
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
- National Research Center On Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Hale Ozgun
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
- National Research Center On Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
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5
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Sarvajith M, Nancharaiah YV. De novo granulation of sewage-borne microorganisms: A proof of concept on cultivating aerobic granular sludge without activated sludge and effective enhanced biological phosphorus removal. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115500. [PMID: 36791839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Long start-up periods for granulating activated sludge and concerns on granular stability are the bottlenecks reported during implementation of novel aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Here, de novo granulation of sewage-borne microorganisms without using activated sludge (AS) inoculum was investigated in bench-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBR). Data showed that formation of AGS from sewage-borne microorganisms was rapid and first granules appeared within one week. Granulation was indicated by appearance of biomass particles (size >0.12 mm), high biomass levels (∼8 g/L) and superior settling properties (SVI30 min: 30 mL/g). Granulation process involved distinct stages like formation of aggregates, retention of aggregates, and growth of millimetre sized granules. Simultaneous COD, nitrogen and phosphorous removal was established within 10 days of start-up in the SBR without using AS inoculum. However, phosphorus removal became stable after 50 days of start-up. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removals of 92% and 70%, respectively, were achieved from real domestic wastewater. Furthermore, addition of granular activated carbon (GAC) had improved both granulation and biological nutrient removals. Interestingly, phosphorus removal became quite stable within 10 days of start-up in the SBR operated with GAC particles. TN and TP removals were found to be higher at >98% and >94%, respectively, in GAC-augmented SBR. Removal of ammonia and phosphorus were mediated by nitritation-denitritation and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) pathways, respectively. The bacterial diversity of AGS was lower than that of sewage. Quantitative PCR indicated enrichment of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and polyphosphate accumulating organisms during granulation. De novo granulation of sewage-borne microorganisms is a promising approach for rapidly cultivating AGS and establishing biological nutrient removal in sewage treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sarvajith
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, WSCD, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, 603102, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - Y V Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, WSCD, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, 603102, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
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6
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Diaz R, Mackey B, Chadalavada S, Kainthola J, Heck P, Goel R. Enhanced Bio-P removal: Past, present, and future - A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136518. [PMID: 36191763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Excess amounts of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) from anthropogenic activities such as population growth, municipal and industrial wastewater discharges, agriculture fertilization and storm water runoffs, have affected surface water chemistry, resulting in episodes of eutrophication. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) based treatment processes are an economical and environmentally friendly solution to address the present environmental impacts caused by excess P present in municipal discharges. EBPR practices have been researched and operated for more than five decades worldwide, with promising results in decreasing orthophosphate to acceptable levels. The advent of molecular tools targeting bacterial genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has also helped us reveal the identity of potential polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) and denitrifying PAO (DPAO) responsible for the success of EBPR. Integration of process engineering and environmental microbiology has provided much-needed confidence to the wastewater community for the successful implementation of EBPR practices around the globe. Despite these successes, the process of EBPR continues to evolve in terms of its microbiology and application in light of other biological processes such as anaerobic ammonia oxidation and on-site carbon capture. This review provides an overview of the history of EBPR, discusses different operational parameters critical for the successful operation of EBPR systems, reviews current knowledge of EBPR microbiology, the influence of PAO/DPAO on the disintegration of microbial communities, stoichiometry, EBPR clades, current practices, and upcoming potential innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Diaz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Brendan Mackey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Sreeni Chadalavada
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland Springfield, Queensland, 4350, Australia.
| | - Jyoti Kainthola
- Department of Civil Engineering, École Centrale School of Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India, 500043
| | - Phil Heck
- Central Valley Water Reclamation Facility, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ramesh Goel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Shukla A, Prakash O, Biswas R, Vijay R, Pal S. Design and preliminary techno-economic assessment of a pilot scale pharmaceutical wastewater treatment system for ammonia removal and recovery of fertilizer. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115898. [PMID: 35985267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recovery of nutrients from wastewater has a paramount importance for a sustainable and safe environment. In this study removal of ammonia and recovery of resources in the form of struvite from a complex pharmaceutical acidic wastewater having high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N > 40 g/L) and other co-existing contaminants (magnesium, phosphorous, phenol etc.) was explored. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed for design of experiments and process optimization. RSM results revealed that removal of ammoniacal nitrogen, i.e., struvite precipitation was found to be maximum in alkaline pH (10.5-11.0) at a N:Mg molar ratio (1:0.030 to 1:0.035) and N:P molar ratio (1:0.025 to 1:0.030). X-Ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric analysis and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of struvite crystals in the obtained precipitate. Techno-economic assessment (TEA) based on mass energy balance principle and market equipment specifications revealed that a pilot-scale plant set up would have a break-even period of 1.06 years with a return on investment as 94.28%. This clearly elucidated the economic viability of the developed process for industrial applications for management of high ammonia laden pharmaceutical wastewater. While further specific technological improvements are needed for reduction of cost, this study will guide researchers and industries for careful selection of target markets to reduce the cost for successful implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Shukla
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - Om Prakash
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - Rima Biswas
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Ritesh Vijay
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Sukdeb Pal
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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8
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Di Capua F, Iannacone F, Sabba F, Esposito G. Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in biofilm systems for wastewater treatment: Key factors, potential routes, and engineered applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127702. [PMID: 35905872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) is an advantageous bioprocess that allows the complete removal of ammonia nitrogen through sequential redox reactions leading to nitrogen gas production. SND can govern nitrogen removal in single-stage biofilm systems, such as the moving bed biofilm reactor and aerobic granular sludge system, as oxygen gradients allow the development of multilayered biofilms including nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Environmental and operational conditions can strongly influence SND performance, biofilm development and biochemical pathways. Recent advances have outlined the possibility to reduce the carbon and energy consumption of the process via the "shortcut pathway", and simultaneously remove both N and phosphorus under specific operational conditions, opening new possibilities for wastewater treatment. This work critically reviews the factors influencing SND and its application in biofilm systems from laboratory to full scale. Operational strategies to enhance SND efficiency and hints to reduce nitrous oxide emission and operational costs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Capua
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari 70125, Italy.
| | | | | | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, Naples 80125, Italy
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9
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Li D, Guo W, Liang D, Zhang J, Li J, Li P, Wu Y, Bian X, Ding F. Rapid start-up and advanced nutrient removal of simultaneous nitrification, endogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal aerobic granular sequence batch reactor for treating low C/N domestic wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113464. [PMID: 35623442 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid start-up and advanced nutrient removal of simultaneous nitrification, endogenous denitrification, and phosphorus (P) removal aerobic granular sequence batch reactor (SNEDPR-AGSBR) is a challenge in the treatment of low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) domestic sewage. In this study, the feasibility of the SNEDPR-AGSBR process was examined in an exceedingly single-stage anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor for treating low C/N ratio (3.3-5.0) domestic sewage. The initial results showed that accompanied by the rapid formation of the mature aerobic granular sludge based on the selection for slow-growing organisms, the rapid start-up (38 d) of the SNEDPR-AGSBR process was successfully realized. The formed mature aerobic granules had a dense structure with an average diameter of 667.7 μm and SVI30 of 30.0 mL/g. Two conditions for achieving the competitive balance between phosphorus-accumulating organisms/denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs/DPAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms/denitrifying glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs/DGAOs) were revealed by the long-term operation results. First, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration needed to be decreased to 3.0 mg/L in the aerobic phase, and then, the aerobic and anoxic phase hydraulic retention time (HRT) should be increased to 3.0 h. Notably, high removal efficiencies for NH4+-N (100%), total nitrogen (84.3%), and P (91.8%) of the SNEDPR-AGSBR process were stably obtained with a low C/N ratio of 3.9 domestic sewage. Simultaneous nitrification and endogenous denitrification (SNED) efficiency of 61.6% was achieved during a long-term operation of 142 days. Finally, microbial community analysis confirmed that GAOs (Defluviicoccus)/DGAOs (Candidatus_Competibacter) were responsible for the removal N, and PAOs (Acinetobacter, Candidatus_Accumulibacter, Hypomicrobinm)/DPAOs (Pseudomonas and Dechloromonas) ensured P removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wei Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Dongbo Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Jun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Peilin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yaodong Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xueying Bian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Fan Ding
- SDIC Xinkai Water Environment Investment Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101100, China
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10
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Kosar S, Isik O, Cicekalan B, Gulhan H, Sagir Kurt E, Atli E, Basa S, Ozgun H, Koyuncu I, van Loosdrecht MCM, Ersahin ME. Impact of primary sedimentation on granulation and treatment performance of municipal wastewater by aerobic granular sludge process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 315:115191. [PMID: 35526399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granules contain microorganisms that are responsible for carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process in which aerobic/anoxic/anaerobic layers (from surface to core) occur in a single granule. Optimizing the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process for granulation and efficient nutrient removal can be challenging. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of settling prior to AGS process on granulation and treatment performance of the process. For this purpose, synthetic wastewater mimicking municipal wastewater was fed directly (Stage 1), and after primary sedimentation (Stage 2) to a laboratory-scale AGS system. In full-scale wastewater treatment plants, primary sedimentation is used to remove particulate organic matter and produce primary sludge which is sent to anaerobic digesters to produce biogas. Performances obtained in both stages were compared in terms of treatment efficiency, granule settling behavior, and granule morphology. Granulation was achieved in both stages with more than 92% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies in each stage. High nutrient removal was obtained in Stage 1 since anaerobic phase was long enough (i.e., 50 min) to hydrolyze particulate matter to become available for PAOs. Primary sedimentation caused a decrease in influent organic load and COD/N ratio, as a result, low nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies were observed in Stage 2 compared to Stage 1. With this study, the effect of the primary sedimentation on the biological removal performance of AGS process was revealed. COD requirement for nutrient removal in AGS systems should be assessed by considering energy generation via biogas production from primary sedimentation sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiye Kosar
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Onur Isik
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Cicekalan
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hazal Gulhan
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Sagir Kurt
- ISKI, Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, Eyup, 34060, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Atli
- ISKI, Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, Eyup, 34060, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safak Basa
- ISKI, Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, Eyup, 34060, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hale Ozgun
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mustafa Evren Ersahin
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Toja Ortega S, van den Berg L, Pronk M, de Kreuk MK. Hydrolysis capacity of different sized granules in a full-scale aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactor. WATER RESEARCH X 2022; 16:100151. [PMID: 35965888 PMCID: PMC9364025 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2022.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactors, granules of different sizes coexist in a single reactor. Their differences in settling behaviour cause stratification in the settled granule bed. In combination with substrate concentration gradients over the reactor height during the anaerobic plug-flow feeding regime, this can result in functional differences between granule sizes. In this study, we compared the hydrolytic activity in granules of 4 size ranges (between 0.5 and 4.8 mm diameter) collected from a full-scale AGS installation. Protease and amylase activities were quantified through fluorescent activity assays. To visualise where the hydrolytic active zones were located within the granules, the hydrolysis sites were visualized microscopically after incubating intact and sliced granules with fluorescent casein and starch. The microbial community was studied using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and sequencing. The results of these assays indicated that hydrolytic capacity was present throughout the granules, but the hydrolysis of bulk substrates was restricted to the outer 100 µm, approximately. Many of the microorganisms studied by FISH, such as polyphosphate and glycogen accumulating organisms (PAO and GAO), were abundant in the vicinity of the hydrolytically active sites. The biomass-specific hydrolysis rate depended mainly on the available granule surface area, suggesting that different sized granules are not differentiated in terms of hydrolytic capacity. Thus, the substrate concentration gradients that are present during the anaerobic feeding in AGS reactors do not seem to affect hydrolytic activity at the granule surfaces. In this paper, we discuss the possible reasons for this and reflect about the implications for AGS technology.
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Key Words
- AGS, aerobic granular sludge
- AS, activated sludge
- Activity staining
- Aerobic granular sludge
- Biomass segregation
- COD, chemical oxygen demand
- EBPR, enhanced biological phosphorus removal
- EPS, extracellular polymeric substances
- FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization
- GAO, glycogen-accumulating organism
- Hydrolysis
- PAO, polyphosphate-accumulating organism
- Polymeric substrates
- SBR, sequencing batch reactor
- SND, simultaneous nitrification-denitrification
- SRT, solids retention time
- TSS, total suspended solids
- VFA, volatile fatty acid
- VSS, volatile suspended solids
- WWTP, wastewater treatment plant
- Wastewater treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Toja Ortega
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft 2628CN, the Netherlands
| | - Lenno van den Berg
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft 2628CN, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft, HZ 2629, the Netherlands
- Royal HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914 35, Amersfoort, AL 3800, the Netherlands
| | - Merle K. de Kreuk
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft 2628CN, the Netherlands
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12
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Miyake M, Hasebe Y, Furusawa K, Shiomi H, Inoue D, Ike M. Efficient aerobic granular sludge production in simultaneous feeding and drawing sequencing batch reactors fed with low-strength municipal wastewater under high organic loading rate conditions. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Liang D, Guo W, Li D, Ding F, Li P, Zheng Z, Li J. Enhanced aerobic granulation for treating low-strength wastewater in an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor by selecting slow-growing organisms and adding carriers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112547. [PMID: 34902378 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process is a promising technology for wastewater treatment. However, a long start-up period for granulation and instability during long-term operation still hinder the application of AGS technology, especially for low-strength wastewater. To solve these two problems, this study tested a novel strategy involving the selection of slow-growing organisms and the addition of carriers in an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor (AN/O/AX_SBR). Three identical AN/O/AX_SBRs (R_Ctrl, R_CCM, and R_GAC), fed with low-strength wastewater, were operated for 120 days. R_Ctrl had no carriers, R_CCM contained cell culture microcarriers (CCM), and R_GAC contained granular activated carbon (GAC). Mature AGS was achieved within 80 days in all reactors. The carriers could reduce the maturation period of AGS by approximately 10 days (76, 66, and 69 days in R_Ctrl, R_CCM, and R_GAC, respectively) and improve the physical strength of the AGS. AGS showed a strong structure without excessive proliferation of filamentous bacteria, full-grown size (900-1100 μm), and good settleability (SVI5 was 15.4-19.4 mL/g). Microbiological analysis showed that AN/O/AX_SBRs can provide a metabolic selective pressure to select slow-growing organisms such as nitrifying bacteria (norank_f__NS9_marine_group, Ellin6067, and Nitrospira), glycogen and phosphorus accumulating organisms (GAOs: Candidatus_Competibacter and Defluviicoccus; PAOs: Candidatus_Accumulibacter and Flavobacterium). All reactors showed good performance for simultaneous nitrification, endogenous denitrification, and phosphorus removal. The removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and total phosphorous were above 70% and 80%, respectively. The cycle test showed intermediate PAO-GAO metabolism prevailed in the system, and endogenous denitrification was primarily carried out by denitrifying GAOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Dongyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Peilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Zhaoming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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14
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Sun Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Chen Y, Peng Y. Nutrients removal by interactions between functional microorganisms in a continuous-flow two-sludge system (AAO-BCO): Effect of influent COD/N ratio. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148581. [PMID: 34328985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) technology is one of the most effective approach to simultaneously realize nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal from low COD/N ratio wastewater. Identifying the interaction of denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms (DPAOs), denitrifying glycogen organisms (DGAOs) and denitrifying ordinary heterotrophic organisms (DOHOs) is critical for optimizing denitrification and anoxic P uptake efficiency in DPR processes. In this study, a novel DPR system of anaerobic anoxic oxic - biological contact oxidation (AAO-BCO) was employed to dispose actual sewage with various influent COD/N ratios (3.5-6.7). High efficiency of TIN (76.5%) and PO43--P (94.4%) removal was observed when COD/N ratio was between 4.4 and 5.9. At the COD/N ratio of 5.7 ± 0.2, prominent DPR performance was verified by the superior DPR efficiency (88.7%) and anoxic phosphorus uptake capacity (PUADPAOs/ΔTIN = 1.84 mg/mg), which was further proved by the preponderance of DPAOs in C, N and P removal pathways. GAOs have a competitive advantage over PAOs for COD utilization at low COD/N ratio of 3.7 ± 0.2, which further limited the N removal efficiency. High proportion of N removal via DOHOs (21.2%) at the COD/N ratio of 6.5 ± 0.2 restrained the DPR performance, which should be attributed to the outcompete of DOHOs for NO3-. The nutrient removal mechanisms were explicated by stoichiometric calculation methodology to quantify the contribution of diverse functional microorganisms, contributing to improving the robustness of AAO-BCO system when facing the fluctuation of influent carbon source concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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15
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Zhou JH, Ren Q, Xu XL, Fang JY, Wang T, Wang KM, Wang HY. Enhancing stability of aerobic granules by microbial selection pressure using height-adjustable influent strategy. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117356. [PMID: 34147742 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing granules size distribution is critical for both reactor performance and stability. In this research, an optimal size range of 1800 to 3000 μm was proposed regarding mass transfer and granules stability based on granules developed at DO around 8.0 mg L-1 with the feed COD:N:P at 100:5:1. A height-adjustable influent strategy was applied to facilitate the nutrient storage of granules at optimum size range via microbial selective pressure. Results suggested insufficient hydraulic shear stress led to overgrowth of granules size. High abundance of filamentous bacteria (Thiothrix sp.) was observed in oversized granules, which detached and affected the remaining granules, resulting in severe sludge bulking. Strong hydraulic shear stress suppressed uncontrolled growth of granules. However, fewer abundance of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) bacterium was acquired, which led to unfavored SND effect and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency. The height-adjustable influent strategy facilitated the poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) storage of granules at optimum size range, while limiting the overgrowth of granules size. Additionally, more than 87.51% of total granules situated in optimal sizes range, which led to higher abundance of SND bacterium and higher TN removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Heng Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Qing Ren
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Xu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Kan-Ming Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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16
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Hasan MN, Altaf MM, Khan NA, Khan AH, Khan AA, Ahmed S, Kumar PS, Naushad M, Rajapaksha AU, Iqbal J, Tirth V, Islam S. Recent technologies for nutrient removal and recovery from wastewaters: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130328. [PMID: 33794428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity and its pollution has become a concern in recent times. The disposal of nutrient-rich (nitrogen and phosphorous) wastewater is also one of the main cause of water pollution through eutrophication, reduced dissolved oxygen that poses threat to aquatic ecosystems. As a result, nutrient removal has become a mandate apart from the removal of organics. However, the removal of nutrients from sewage is a challenging task. Conversely, conventional biological treatment processes provide little relief in nutrient removal. The treated effluents from conventional biological processes do not achieve the stringent nutrient removal disposal standard limits and become primary cause of pollution in the receiving water bodies. This has stressed upon the need for eco-friendly, low-energy and cost-efficient nutrient removal treatment technologies. Various biological treatment combinations or variants are in use for the efficient removal of nutrients. The biological processes in itself or in combination with chemical processes are preferred over technologies based solely on physico-chemical processes for its treatment performance at lower cost. This review summarizes the existing treatment processes and their possible up-gradation with the aim to accomplish the marked effluent standards for the nutrients. The concept of conventional systems and advanced systems for nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) removal which are already developed or under development are deeply discussed. Further, the challenges of each treatment systems are abridged. Finally, the possible suggestions for the modification/retrofitting of existing treatment systems for achieving stringent disposal standards are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Najibul Hasan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mohd Musheer Altaf
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Information Management and Technology, Aligarh, India
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Afzal Husain Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jazan University, 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abid Ali Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sirajuddin Ahmed
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- SSN-Centre for Radiation, Environmental Science and Technology (SSN-CREST), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mu Naushad
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, P.O. Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vineet Tirth
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61411, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saiful Islam
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61411, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Anaerobic hydrolysis of complex substrates in full-scale aerobic granular sludge: enzymatic activity determined in different sludge fractions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6073-6086. [PMID: 34302200 PMCID: PMC8390406 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Complex substrates, like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, are major components of domestic wastewater, and yet their degradation in biofilm-based wastewater treatment technologies, such as aerobic granular sludge (AGS), is not well understood. Hydrolysis is considered the rate-limiting step in the bioconversion of complex substrates, and as such, it will impact the utilization of a large wastewater COD (chemical oxygen demand) fraction by the biofilms or granules. To study the hydrolysis of complex substrates within these types of biomass, this paper investigates the anaerobic activity of major hydrolytic enzymes in the different sludge fractions of a full-scale AGS reactor. Chromogenic substrates were used under fully mixed anaerobic conditions to determine lipase, protease, α-glucosidase, and β-glucosidase activities in large granules (>1 mm in diameter), small granules (0.2–1 mm), flocculent sludge (0.045–0.2 mm), and bulk liquid. Furthermore, composition and hydrolytic activity of influent wastewater samples were determined. Our results showed an overcapacity of the sludge to hydrolyze wastewater soluble and colloidal polymeric substrates. The highest specific hydrolytic activity was associated with the flocculent sludge fraction (1.5–7.5 times that of large and smaller granules), in agreement with its large available surface area. However, the biomass in the full-scale reactor consisted of 84% large granules, making the large granules account for 55–68% of the total hydrolytic activity potential in the reactor. These observations shine a new light on the contribution of large granules to the conversion of polymeric COD and suggest that large granules can hydrolyze a significant amount of this influent fraction. The anaerobic removal of polymeric soluble and colloidal substrates could clarify the stable granule formation that is observed in full-scale installations, even when those are fed with complex wastewaters. Key points • Large and small granules contain >70% of the hydrolysis potential in an AGS reactor. • Flocculent sludge has high hydrolytic activity but constitutes <10% VS in AGS. • AGS has an overcapacity to hydrolyze complex substrates in domestic wastewater. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11443-3.
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18
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Amorim de Carvalho CD, Ferreira Dos Santos A, Tavares Ferreira TJ, Sousa Aguiar Lira VN, Mendes Barros AR, Bezerra Dos Santos A. Resource recovery in aerobic granular sludge systems: is it feasible or still a long way to go? CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129881. [PMID: 33582539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lately, wastewater treatment plants are much often being designed as wastewater-resource factories inserted in circular cities. Among biological treatment technologies, aerobic granular sludge (AGS), considered an evolution of activated sludge (AS), has received great attention regarding its resource recovery potential. This review presents the state-of-the-art concerning the influence of operational parameters on the recovery of alginate-like exopolysaccharides (ALE), tryptophan, phosphorus, and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from AGS systems. The carbon to nitrogen ratio was identified as a parameter that plays an important role for the optimal production of ALE, tryptophan, and PHA. The sludge retention time effect is more pronounced for the production of ALE and tryptophan. Additionally, salinity levels in the bioreactors can potentially be manipulated to increase ALE and phosphorus yields simultaneously. Some existing knowledge gaps in the scientific literature concerning the recovery of these resources from AGS were also identified. Regarding industrial applications, tryptophan has the longest way to go. On the other hand, ALE production/recovery could be considered the most mature process if we take into account that existing alternatives for phosphorus and PHA production/recovery are optimized for activated sludge rather than granular sludge. Consequently, to maintain the same effectiveness, these processes likely could not be applied to AGS without undergoing some modification. Therefore, investigating to what extent these adaptations are necessary and designing alternatives is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara de Amorim de Carvalho
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ferreira Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - André Bezerra Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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19
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Initialization, enhancement and mechanisms of aerobic granulation in wastewater treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Xu Q, Wan Y, Wu Q, Xiao K, Yu W, Liang S, Zhu Y, Hou H, Liu B, Hu J, Yang Y, Yang J. An efficient hydrodynamic-biokinetic model for the optimization of operational strategy applied in a full-scale oxidation ditch by CFD integrated with ASM2. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 193:116888. [PMID: 33581403 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation ditches (ODs) are often used for wastewater treatment. However, limitations of ODs like high energy expenditure and increased sludge sedimentation hinder its wide application. In this study, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model integrated with Activated Sludge Model No. 2 (ASM2) was proposed and applied in a full-scale OD. The integrated model provided heterogeneous information on the characteristics of hydrodynamics and biokinetics of OD, especially with respect to the simulation of total phosphorus removal by CFD-ASM2 integration model for the first time. The simulated values of flow velocities, suspended solids (SS), dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and total phosphorus concentrations were well validated with the measured results, with the standard deviation errors of less than 5.56%, 0.28%, 0.74%, 7.39%, 3.17%, 5.27%, and 7.40%, respectively. Based on the integrated model, four different operational strategies were simulated. The proposed operational strategy of operating 7 surface aerators and 10 submerged impellers not only met the standard discharge requirements (GB 18918-2002) but also consumed less energy by 22.3%, compared with the original strategy of operating 9 surface aerators and 13 submerged impellers. Meanwhile, this proposed operational strategy also reduced the SS concentrations in the second and fourth channels, which was beneficial to elimination of sludge sedimentation. Moreover, the proposed operational strategy was successfully applied and validated in full-scale OD. The foregoing results collectively suggest that the CFD-AMS2 integration model is numerically capable to optimize the operational strategy of ODs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Jiefang Avenue 1863, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China
| | - Yanlei Wan
- Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Jiefang Avenue 1863, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China
| | - Qiongxiang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Keke Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Wenbo Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Bingchuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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21
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Zhang X, Wang C, Wu P, Xia Y, Chen Y, Liu W, Xu L, Faustin F. A novel denitrifying phosphorus removal and partial nitrification, anammox (DPR-PNA) process for advanced nutrients removal from high-strength wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129165. [PMID: 33302198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a novel DPR-PNA (denitrifying phosphorus removal, partial nitrification and anammox) process for sustaining high-strength wastewater treatment in a modified continuous flow reactor without external carbon source. After 259-days operation, a synchronous highly-efficient total inorganic nitrogen, PO43--P and CODcr removal efficiencies of 88.5%, 89.5% and 90.1% were obtained, respectively even influent nitrogen loading rate up to 3.2 kg m-3 d-1. Batch tests revealed that denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) using NO3--N as electron acceptors significantly enriched (74% in total PAOs), which emerged remarkable positive impacts on deep-level nutrient removal as the key limiting factor. Furthermore, the NO2--N inhibitory threshold value (∼20.0 mg L-1) for DPAOs was identified, which demonstrated as an inhibitory component in excessive recycling NOx--N. From the molecular biology perspective, Dechloromonas-DPAOs group (18.59%) dominated the excellent dephosphatation performance, while Nitrosomonas-AOB (ammonia oxidizing bacteria) group (16.26%) and Candidatus_Brocadia-AnAOB (anammox bacteria) group (15.12%) were responsible for the desirable nitrogen loss process. Overall, the present work highlighted the novel DPR-PNA process for nutrients removal is a promising alternation for wastewater of high nitrogen but low carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Chaochao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Yunkang Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Ya Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Wenru Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Lezhong Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Fangnigbe Faustin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
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22
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Guo T, Ji Y, Zhao J, Horn H, Li J. Coupling of Fe-C and aerobic granular sludge to treat refractory wastewater from a membrane manufacturer in a pilot-scale system. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116331. [PMID: 32877808 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel pilot-scale system based on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) as a biological treatment step was proposed to treat refractory wastewater from a membrane manufacturer. The components of the system included a microelectrolysis Fe-C filter, a hydrolysis acidification bioreactor (HA), sequence batch reactor 1 (AGS SBR1), sequence batch reactor 2 (AGS SBR2), and a membrane bioreactor (MBR). The Fe-C filter effectively improved the biodegradability of the wastewater components and introduced some byproducts (such as Fe2+, Fe3+, and Fe minerals) that are beneficial for the cultivation and stability of the AGS. Ideal conditions for aerobic granulation were maintained in the SBR, such as alternating feast and famine conditions. A selection pressure, including a hydraulic shear force and settling time, was also created therein. The results showed that the AGS was formed successfully in both SBR1 and SBR2, the sludge volume index after 30 min (SVI30) and mean particle size reached 34.2 mL/g and 720 µm, and 36.7 mL/g and 610 µm, respectively, and a satisfactory nutrient removal capacity was achieved in the system. During the entire experimental period, the microbial community changed significantly; enrichment of microbes with the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), granule stabilization functions in the AGS, and the differentiation of microbes corresponding to the function of each unit were observed. The use of Fe-C, application of SBRs, and use of dewatered sludge as an inoculant played key roles in the cultivation and stability of the AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ji
- Hangzhou Tianchuang Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Hangzhou Tianchuang Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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23
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Wang L, Zhan H, Wu G, Zeng Y. Effect of operational strategies on the rapid start-up of nitrogen removal aerobic granular system with dewatered sludge as inoculant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123816. [PMID: 32688252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In both sequencing batch reactors with dewatering sludge as inoculant, the strategies by step-feeding (R1) or step-feeding combined with low aeration (R2) were performed under alternating anoxic/aerobic condition to discover superior methods launching nitrogen removal aerobic granule system. Interestingly, two reactors accomplished granulation at day 0, two days later, possessed prominent settling performance (SVI < 45 ml/g. MLSS) and denitrifying ability (TIN > 80%). Thereinto, R2 had lower crushing rate, larger granules, higher biomass and better pollutant removal performance owing to low aeration and more filamentous bacteria on AGS surface. Moreover, effluent NH4+-N was used as indicator of excess filaments due to its quick response for the filaments. After effluent NH4+-N exceeded 5 mg/L, causative filaments Sphaerotilus were effectively inhibited and eliminated by enhancing pH value to 8.0 ± 0.2. As a result, this study provides a new insight into rapid start-up nitrogen removal granule system by promoting and limiting filaments in proper period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China; School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, China.
| | - Hanhui Zhan
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
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24
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Luiz de Sousa Rollemberg S, Queiroz de Oliveira L, Nascimento de Barros A, Igor Milen Firmino P, Bezerra Dos Santos A. Pilot-scale aerobic granular sludge in the treatment of municipal wastewater: Optimizations in the start-up, methodology of sludge discharge, and evaluation of resource recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123467. [PMID: 32388453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the formation, maintenance, performance, and microbiology of a pilot-scale aerobic granular sludge reactor treating low-strength municipal wastewater under tropical climate conditions. Additionally, different resource recovery possibilities (phosphorous, tryptophan, and alginate-like exopolysaccharides) were investigated from the produced sludge. Granulation occurred after 35 days without external carbon source supplementation (CODinf ≈ 461 mg/L; COD/DBO5 ≈ 3.2). Some protocols were implemented: (i) fat separation to decrease granule flotation; (ii) high exchange rates (60%) during rainy periods to increase the organic load; (iii) selective sludge discharge methodology. After granules formation, optimizations were done to improve reactor performance (COD, BOD, NH4+, and PO43- removals close to 90%), and energy demand reduced from 0.43 (start-up) to 0.25 kWh/m3 (after optimizations). The produced sludge had a high concentration of phosphorus (0.020 g P/g VSS), tryptophan (0.048 g tryptophan/g VSS), and alginate-like exopolysaccharides (0.219 g ALE/g VSS), indicating a good resource recovery possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorayne Queiroz de Oliveira
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nascimento de Barros
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Igor Milen Firmino
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - André Bezerra Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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25
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Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) at low atmosphere pressure. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Campo R, Sguanci S, Caffaz S, Mazzoli L, Ramazzotti M, Lubello C, Lotti T. Efficient carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal from low C/N real domestic wastewater with aerobic granular sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 305:122961. [PMID: 32193063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal treating real domestic wastewater with low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio by aerobic granular sludge (AGS). Operations at high sludge retention time (SRT = 61 ± 24 days) resulted in low biomass yield per chemical oxygen demand removed (CODrem) (0.21 ± 0.01 gCODx/gCODrem), lower COD demand for denitrification as well as high effluent quality in terms of total suspended solids (TSS) (22 ± 7 mgTSS/L). The average ratio between the biodegradable soluble COD stored anaerobically as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and the N removed was 3.1 ± 0.6 gCODsto/gNrem, suggesting that nitrification/denitrification occurred partly via the nitrite pathway. Results revealed that stable AGS process with high C/N/P removal efficiency of 84/71/96% can be obtained besides a low organic loading rate (0.43 ± 0.11 g COD/L/d) and influent C/N ratio (3.8 ± 1.6 g/g), resulting in a high effluent quality characterized by 25 ± 6 mg sCOD/L, 0.09 ± 0.07 mgPO4-P/L, 9 ± 2 mgTIN/L (10 ± 2 mgTN/L) and 22 ± 7 mgTSS/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Campo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - (DICEA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Sara Sguanci
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - (DICEA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Mazzoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" - (SBSC), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" - (SBSC), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Lubello
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - (DICEA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lotti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - (DICEA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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27
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Xu D, Li J, Liu J, Ma T. Rapid aerobic sludge granulation in an integrated oxidation ditch with two-zone clarifiers. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 175:115704. [PMID: 32208174 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was rapidly cultivated in an integrated oxidation ditch with two-zone clarifiers by using a novel external sludge treatment and return mode to treat low concentrations of actual domestic sewage. The selective pressure created by the two-zone clarifiers can retain the well-settling granules and discharge light flocs with poor settleability. The granules stayed in the reactor, which induced bacterial attachment to the granules that acted as nuclei, while the discharged flocs can stimulate microorganisms to secrete large amounts of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) under the external conditioning of CaCl2 and natural air drying. Then, this surplus sludge was returned to the reactor to create more small granules that combined with each other through the action of hydraulic shear forces to achieve rapid granulation. The results showed that AGS was formed successfully in the reactor on day 18, and after 51 days of continuous operation, the biomass concentration and settling ability were further improved (the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and sludge volume index at 5 min (SVI5) were stable at approximately 3500 mg/L and 40.0 mL/g, respectively). During the whole experimental period, the biological sludge activity was greatly improved, and the EPS and microbial community changed significantly, including an enrichment of microbes with EPS secretion and granule stabilization functions. The study results reveal that the pollutant removal efficiency improved after granulation. Furthermore, this approach required less energy and is eco-friendly for potential full-scale implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; College of Geomatics and Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tongji University Zhejiang College, Jiaxing, 314051, China
| | - Ting Ma
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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28
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Liu T, He X, Jia G, Xu J, Quan X, You S. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process using novel surface-modified suspended carriers for the treatment of real domestic wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125831. [PMID: 31935576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a well-established technology for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). In MBBR, biofilm development and pollutant removal performance are strictly governed by the physico-chemical properties of the carriers. In this study, novel surface-modified carriers with enhanced hydrophilicity (surface contact angle of 60.2 ± 2.3°) and positively-charged surfaces (+11.7 ± 1.1 mV, pH 7.0) had been prepared successfully via polymer blending, and they had also been implemented in SND system for the treatment of real domestic wastewater. Results showed that accelerated startup of SND with more biomass on the carriers was observed in MBBR system filled with surface-modified carriers. At low DO level (0.6-0.8 mg L-1) and low C/N ratio (≤5), highly efficient organics removal and SND performance could be achieved with COD removal, TN removal and SND efficiencies of 79.3-85.7%, 62.0-75.9% and 58.5-71.8%, respectively. The efficient performance of SND in MBBR system filled with surface-modified carriers was mainly attributed to the coexistence of enriched mixtrophic nitrifiers and denitrifiers like autotrophic nitrifers (Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira, Nitrobacter), heterotrophic nitrifers (Rudaea), aerobicdenitrifiers (Dokdonella, Terrimonas), anoxic denitrifiers (Gemmobacter, Ottowia, Methyloversatilis, Thermomonas) and N2O producer (Mesorhizobium).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xiaolu He
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Guangyue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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29
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Chen F, Li ZL, Lv M, Huang C, Liang B, Yuan Y, Lin XQ, Gao XY, Wang AJ. Recirculation ratio regulates denitrifying sulfide removal and elemental sulfur recovery by altering sludge characteristics and microbial community composition in an EGSB reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108905. [PMID: 31767354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB) is regarded as a promising reactor to carry out denitrifying sulfide removal (DSR) and elemental sulfur (S0) recovery. Although the recirculation ratio is an essential parameter for EGSB reactors, how it impacts the DSR process remains poorly understood. Here, three lab-scale DSR-EGSB reactors were established with the different recirculation ratios (3:1, 6:1 and 9:1) to evaluate the corresponding variations in pollutant removal, S0 recovery, anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) characteristics and microbial community composition. It was found that an intermediate recirculation ratio (6:1) could facilitate long-term reactor stability. Adequate recirculation ratio could enhance S0 recovery, but an excessive recirculation ratio (9:1) was likely to cause AGS fragmentation and biomass loss. The S0 desorbed more from sludge at higher recirculation ratios, probably due to the enhanced hydraulic disturbance caused by the increased recirculation ratios. At the low recirculation ratio (3:1), S0 accumulation as inorganic suspended solids in AGS led to a decrease in VSS/TSS ratio and mass transfer efficiency. Although typical denitrifying and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (e.g., Azoarcus, Thauera and Arcobacter) were predominant in all conditions, facultative and heterotrophic functional bacteria (e.g., Azoarcus and Thauera) were more adaptable to higher recirculation ratios than autotrophs (e.g., Arcobacter, Thiobacillus and Vulcanibacillus), which was conducive to the formation of bacterial aggregates to response to the increased recirculation ratio. The study revealed recirculation ratio regulation significantly impacted the DSR-EGSB reactor performance by altering AGS characteristics and microbial community composition, which provides a novel strategy to improve DSR performance and S0 recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Miao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Cong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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30
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Yan L, Zhang M, Liu Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Liu S, Yu L, Hao G, Chen Z, Zhang Y. Enhanced nitrogen removal in an aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor under low DO concentration: Role of extracellular polymeric substances and microbial community structure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121651. [PMID: 31229859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) in nitrogen removal and the microbial community structure of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) were analyzed under different dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions (6-7, 4-5, and 2-3 mg·L-1). The EPSs transported and retained nitrogen in the denitrification process, and the total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) in the EPSs decreased from 6.09 to 5.54 mg·g-1 MLSS when the DO concentration decreased from 6-7 to 2-3 mg·L-1. The microbial community showed different core denitrifying bacterial populations involved in nitrogen removal in the AGS system under different DO conditions, with more species when they were higher relative abundances of denitrifying bacteria participating in the nitrogen removal process in AGS under low DO conditions, including Hydrogenophilaceae, Thauera, Enterobacter, Xanthomonadaceae_unclassified, Comalmonadaceae_unclassified, Nitrosomonas and Paracoccus. This study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the DO effect on the TIN removal mechanism by AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Yan
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 China
| | - Yudan Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 China
| | - Liangbin Yu
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 China
| | - Guoxin Hao
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 China.
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31
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Pishgar R, Dominic JA, Sheng Z, Tay JH. Influence of operation mode and wastewater strength on aerobic granulation at pilot scale: Startup period, granular sludge characteristics, and effluent quality. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 160:81-96. [PMID: 31132565 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study attempted to investigate the influence of operation mode and wastewater strength on startup period, aerobic granular sludge (AGS) characteristics, and system effluent quality at pilot scale. Granulation was monitored in three pilot-scale granular sequencing batch reactors (GSBRs). Comparative evaluation of AN/O/AX/O_SBR and O_SBR, fed with wastewater of the same composition but run with completely different SBR reaction phase arrangements (alternating vs. purely aerobic), revealed the effect of SBR operation mode. Comparative study of the GSBRs operated with alternating SBR reaction phases (AN/O/AX/O_SBR and AN/O_SBR) and fed with wastewater of different strength (high- vs. medium-strength) determined the effect of wastewater composition. Granulation time and granule size were regulated by wastewater strength and the resulting organic and sludge loading conditions. Whereas, AGS morphology, granule structure, and floccular proportion of AGS were attributed to SBR operation mode. Effluent clarity in terms of suspended solid concentration depended on wastewater strength. Subtle but distinct microbial selection strategies were in effect during granulation which were also imposed by wastewater strength. Due to strong correlation between the effluent and AGS microbial structures, demonstrated by biodiversity analysis, differences in the microbial composition of effluent biomass and washout patterns of the GSBRs could be explained by wastewater strength as well. Limited nutrient removal efficiencies, restricted by organic matter concentration, could be due to involvement of unorthodox nutrient removal pathways which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Pishgar
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | | | - Zhiya Sheng
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Joo Hwa Tay
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Gómez-Basurto F, Vital-Jácome M, Gómez-Acata ES, Thalasso F, Luna-Guido M, Dendooven L. Microbial community dynamics during aerobic granulation in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7152. [PMID: 31528503 PMCID: PMC6717656 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms in aerobic granules formed in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) remove contaminants, such as xenobiotics or dyes, from wastewater. The granules, however, are not stable over time, decreasing the removal of the pollutant. A better understanding of the granule formation and the dynamics of the microorganisms involved will help to optimize the removal of contaminants from wastewater in a SBR. Sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer PCR amplicons revealed that during the acclimation phase the relative abundance of Acinetobacter reached 70.8%. At the start of the granulation phase the relative abundance of Agrobacterium reached 35.9% and that of Dipodascus 89.7% during the mature granule phase. Fluffy granules were detected on day 43. The granules with filamentous overgrowth were not stable and they lysed on day 46 resulting in biomass wash-out. It was found that the reactor operation strategy resulted in stable aerobic granules for 46 days. As the reactor operations remained the same from the mature granule phase to the end of the experiment, the disintegration of the granules after day 46 was due to changes in the microbial community structure and not by the reactor operation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luc Dendooven
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wang L, Zhan H, Wang Q, Wu G, Cui D. Enhanced aerobic granulation by inoculating dewatered activated sludge under short settling time in a sequencing batch reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 286:121386. [PMID: 31078075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dewatered activated sludge on aerobic granulation was investigated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) under short settling time. The results showed that dewatered sludge accelerated aerobic granulation and the granulation was completed within 5 days. On day 5, the aerobic granules were regular, compact, fast-settling and high granular strength and possessed excellent removal performance of carbon and nitrogen. The change trend of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was basically consistent with granular strength and granulation rate, indicating that EPS in granules played a vital function for granulation. Microbial community succession was investigated by pyrosequencing. In 5 days, microbial diversity was reduced and certain strains were rapidly enriched in the granules to become dominant species, serving on a crucial role in rapid granulation and pollutant removal as they could secrete excess EPS and possess the excellentability removing carbon and nitrogen pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, China; School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
| | - Hanhui Zhan
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, China.
| | - Qingqing Wang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
| | - Dabin Cui
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
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Layer M, Adler A, Reynaert E, Hernandez A, Pagni M, Morgenroth E, Holliger C, Derlon N. Organic substrate diffusibility governs microbial community composition, nutrient removal performance and kinetics of granulation of aerobic granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH X 2019; 4:100033. [PMID: 31334496 PMCID: PMC6614711 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Basic understanding of formation of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has mainly been derived from lab-scale systems with simple influents containing only highly diffusible volatile fatty acids (VFA) as organic substrate. This study compares start-up of AGS systems fed by different synthetic and municipal wastewaters (WW), characterised by increasing complexity in terms of non-diffusible organic substrate. Four AGS reactors were started with the same inoculum activated sludge and operated for one year. The development of AGS, settling characteristics, nutrient and substrate removal performance as well as microbial community composition were monitored. Our results indicate that the higher the content of diffusible organic substrate in the WW, the faster the formation of AGS. The presence of non-diffusible organic substrate in the influent WW led to the formation of small granules and to the presence of 20-40% (% of total suspended solids) of flocs in the AGS. When AGS was fed with complex influent WW, the classical phosphorus and glycogen accumulating organisms (PAO, GAO) were outcompeted by their fermentative equivalents. Substrate and nutrient removal was observed in all reactors, despite the difference in physical and settling properties of the AGS, but the levels of P and N removal depended on the influent carbon composition. Mechanistically, our results indicate that increased levels of non-diffusible organic substrate in the influent lower the potential for microbial growth deep inside the granules. Additionally, non-diffusible organic substrates give a competitive advantage to the main opponents of AGS formation - ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHO). Both of these mechanisms are suspected to limit AGS formation. The presented study has relevant implications for both practice and research. Start-up duration of AGS systems treating high complexity WW were one order of magnitude higher than a typical lab-scale system treating VFA-rich synthetic WW, and biomass as flocs persisted as a significant fraction. Finally, the complex synthetic influent WW - composed of VFA, soluble fermentable and particulate substrate - tested here seems to be a more adequate surrogate of real municipal WW for laboratory studies than 100%-VFA WW.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Layer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. Adler
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E. Reynaert
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A. Hernandez
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. Pagni
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E. Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C. Holliger
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N. Derlon
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Zhao J, Wang X, Li X, Jia S, Wang Q, Peng Y. Improvement of partial nitrification endogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal system: Balancing competition between phosphorus and glycogen accumulating organisms to enhance nitrogen removal without initiating phosphorus removal deterioration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:382-391. [PMID: 30831518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The novel partial nitrification endogenous denitrification and phosphorus removal (PNEDPR) process can achieve deep-level nutrient removal from low carbon/nitrogen municipal wastewater without extra carbons. However, its performance is limited by long hydraulic retention time (HRT) and low specific endogenous denitrification rate (rNO2). This study aimed at investigating the effects of two improving strategies on PNEDPR. One was decreasing both anaerobic and anoxic reaction time for shortening HRT from 55 h to 17.5 h. The other was temporarily discharging orthophosphate-rich supernatant for balancing the competition between phosphorus and glycogen accumulating organisms to further raise rNO2 without deterioration of phosphorus removal. Results revealed that, desirable nutrient removal was obtained, as average effluent concentrations of total nitrogen and orthophosphate were 8.4 and 0.5 mg/L with their average removal efficiencies of 86.8% and 90.9%. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that, Candidatus_Competibacter conducted nitrogen removal endogenous denitrification and Candidatus_Accumulibacter and Tetrasphaera ensured phosphorus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Shuyuan Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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Daudt GC, Xavier JA, Meotti B, Guimarães LB, Costa RHRD. RESEARCHING NEW WAYS TO REDUCE N2O EMISSION FROM A GRANULAR SLUDGE SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR TREATING DOMESTIC WASTEWATER UNDER SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE CONDITIONS. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190361s20170566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Lou J, Wang X, Li J, Han J. The short- and long-term effects of nitrite on denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4777-4790. [PMID: 30565114 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) process can achieve methane oxidation and denitrification at the same time by using nitrate or nitrite as an electron acceptor. The short- and long-term effects of nitrite on DAMO organisms were studied from macro (such as denitrification) to micro (such as microbial structure and community) based on two types of DAMO microbial systems. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of nitrite on the two DAMO microbial systems increased with rising concentration and prolonged time. In the short-term inhibitory phase, nitrite with concentrations below 100 mg N L-1 did not inhibit the two distinct DAMO enrichments. When nitrite concentration was increased to 950 mg N L-1, the nitrogen removal performance was completely inhibited. However, in the long-term inhibition experiment, when nitrite concentration was increased to 650 mg N L-1, the nitrogen removal performance was completely inhibited. In addition, in acidic conditions, the real inhibitor of nitrite is FNA (free nitrous acid), while in alkaline conditions, the real inhibitor is the ionized form of nitrite. By using high-throughput sequencing technology, the species abundance and diversity of the two DAMO microbial systems showed an apparent decrease after long-term inhibition, and the community structure also changed significantly. For the enrichment culture dominated by DAMO bacteria, the substantial drop of Methylomonas may be the internal cause of the decreased nitrogen removal rate, and for the coexistence system that hosted both DAMO bacteria and archaea, the reduction of Nitrospirae may be an internal reason for the decline of the denitrification rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juqing Lou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, No. 149, Jiaogong Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Xilei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, No. 149, Jiaogong Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jiaping Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, No. 149, Jiaogong Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jingyi Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, No. 149, Jiaogong Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
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38
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Yun G, Lee H, Hong Y, Kim S, Daigger GT, Yun Z. The difference of morphological characteristics and population structure in PAO and DPAOgranular sludges. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 76:388-402. [PMID: 30528031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We examined how long-term operation of anaerobic-oxic and anaerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) affects the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) performance and sludge characteristics. The microbial characteristics of phosphorus accumulating organism (PAO) and denitrifying PAO (DPAO) sludge were also analyzed through a quantitative analysis of microbial community structure. Compared with the initial stage of operation characterized by unstable EBPR, both PAO and DPAO SBR produced a stable EBPR performance after about 100-day operation. From day 200 days (DPAO SBR) and 250 days (PAO SBR) onward, sludge granulation was observed, and the average granule size of DPAO SBR was approximately 5 times larger than that of PAO SBR. The DPAO granular sludge contained mainly rod-type microbes, whereas the PAO granular sludge contained coccus-type microbes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that a high ratio of Accumulibacter clade I was found only in DPAO SBR, revealing the important role of this organism in the denitrifying EBPR system. A pyrosequencing analysis showed that Accumulibacter phosphatis was present in PAO sludge at a high proportion of 6%, whereas it rarely observed in DPAO sludge. Dechloromonas was observed in both PAO sludge (3.3%) and DPAO sludge (3.2%), confirming that this organism can use both O2 and NO3- as electron acceptors. Further, Thauera spp. was identified to have a new possibility as denitrifier capable of phosphorous uptake under anoxic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geumhee Yun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, South Korea.
| | - Hansaem Lee
- Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd., 17-6 Mabuk-Ro 240, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyuonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Yongsuk Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, South Korea
| | - Sungpyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, South Korea
| | - Glen T Daigger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 177 EWRE Building, 1351 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA
| | - Zuwhan Yun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, South Korea.
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39
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Moura RB, Santos CED, Okada DY, Martins TH, Ferraz Júnior ADN, Damianovic MHRZ, Foresti E. Carbon-nitrogen removal in a structured-bed reactor (SBRRIA) treating sewage: Operating conditions and metabolic perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 224:19-28. [PMID: 30025261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the efficiency of a structured-bed reactor subjected to recirculation and intermittent aeration (SBRRIA) to promote nitrogen and carbon removal from domestic sewage. The intermittent aeration and the recycling rate of 3 keeps the desired mixing degree inside the SBRRIA. Four different operational conditions were tested by varying the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 12 to 8 h and aerated and non-aerated periods (A/NA) from 2 h/1 h and 3 h/1 h. At the THD of 8 h and A/NA of 2 h/1 h there was a decrease in the nitrification process (77.5%) due to the increase of organic matter availability, affecting the total-N removal performance. However, by increasing the aerated period from 2 h to 3 h, the nitrification efficiency rose to 91.1%, reaching a total-N removal efficiency of 79%. The system reached a maximum total-N loading removed of 0.117 kgN.m-3.d-1 by applying an HRT of 8 h and an intermittent aeration cycle of 3 h, aerated and 1 h non-aerated. The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process was related to a complex interplay among microorganisms affiliated mostly to Acidovorax sp., Comamonas sp., Dechloromonas sp., Hydrogenophaga sp., Mycobacterium sp., Rhodobacter sp., and Steroidobacter sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B Moura
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas, Rod. José Aurélio Vilela, 11999, Cidade Universitária, 37715-400, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil; Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (EESC/USP), Av. João Dagnone 1100, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carla E D Santos
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (EESC/USP), Av. João Dagnone 1100, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Dagoberto Y Okada
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, Rua Paschoal Marmo, 1888, 13484-332, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago H Martins
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (EESC/USP), Av. João Dagnone 1100, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Djalma N Ferraz Júnior
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro 10000, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia H R Z Damianovic
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (EESC/USP), Av. João Dagnone 1100, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Foresti
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (EESC/USP), Av. João Dagnone 1100, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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40
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Moura RB, Damasceno LHS, Damianovic MH, Zaiat M, Foresti E. HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A STRUCTURED BED REACTOR SUBJECTED TO RECIRCULATION AND INTERMITTENT AERATION (SBRRIA). BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20180352s20160516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Devlin TR, Oleszkiewicz JA. Cultivation of aerobic granular sludge in continuous flow under various selective pressure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 253:281-287. [PMID: 29353757 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Formation of aerobic granular sludge was examined in a novel continuous flow configuration, at 20 ± 1 °C. Synthetic proteinaceous wastewater with municipal primary effluent characteristics was used (i.e., COD = 370 ± 30 mg/L; TN = 43 ± 7 mg/L; and TP = 10 ± 2 mg/L). Various levels of selective pressure were applied after inoculation with flocculent sludge (i.e., estimated velocity gradients during settling between 1 and 9 1/s). Impeller rpm of 15 and below generated floccular-granular biomass, while 20 rpm and above generated large granules with a filamentous population. Effluent soluble COD, total inorganic nitrogen, and phosphate of 25 ± 7 mg/L, 11 ± 1 mg/L, and 0.1 ± 0.1 mg/L, respectively, were obtained. Observed yields were as low as 0.08-0.19 g-VSS/g-COD and whole sludge solids retention time was 18 ± 1 d. Famine conditions developed for 90% of the total aerobic volume and >45 ± 3% anaerobic substrate utilization was recorded. Aerobic granulation was demonstrated feasible under continuous flow providing adequate treatment with low biomass yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner R Devlin
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 5V6, Canada.
| | - Jan A Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 5V6, Canada
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42
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Liébana R, Modin O, Persson F, Wilén BM. Integration of aerobic granular sludge and membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:801-816. [PMID: 29400086 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1414140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental deterioration together with the need for water reuse and the increasingly restrictive legislation of water quality standards have led to a demand for compact, efficient and less energy consuming technologies for wastewater treatment. Aerobic granular sludge and membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are two technologies with several advantages, such as small footprint, high-microbial density and activity, ability to operate at high organic- and nitrogen-loading rates, and tolerance to toxicity. However, they also have some disadvantages. The aerobic granular sludge process generally requires post-treatment in order to fulfill effluent standards and MBRs suffer from fouling of the membranes. Integrating the two technologies could be a way of combining the advantages and addressing the main problems associated with both processes. The use of membranes to separate the aerobic granules from the treated water would ensure high-quality effluents suitable for reuse. Moreover, the use of granular sludge in MBRs has been shown to reduce fouling. Several recent studies have shown that the aerobic granular membrane bioreactor (AGMBR) is a promising hybrid process with many attractive features. However, major challenges that have to be addressed include how to achieve granulation and maintain granular stability during continuous operation of reactors. This paper aims to review the current state of research on AGMBR technology while drawing attention to relevant findings and highlight current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Liébana
- a Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- a Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- a Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- a Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
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43
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Nancharaiah YV, Kiran Kumar Reddy G. Aerobic granular sludge technology: Mechanisms of granulation and biotechnological applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:1128-1143. [PMID: 28985995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a novel microbial community which allows simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in a single sludge system. AGS is distinct from activated sludge in physical, chemical and microbiological properties and offers compact and cost-effective treatment for removing oxidized and reduced contaminants from wastewater. AGS sequencing batch reactors have shown their utility in the treatment of abattoir, live-stock, rubber, landfill leachate, dairy, brewery, textile and other effluents. AGS is extensively researched for wide-spread implementation in sewage treatment plants. However, formation of AGS takes relatively much longer time while treating low-strength wastewaters like sewage. Strategies like increased volumetric flow by means of short cycles and mixing of sewage with industrial wastewaters can promote AGS formation while treating low-strength sewage. This article reviewed the state of research on AGS formation mechanisms, bioremediation capabilities and biotechnological applications of AGS technology in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
| | - G Kiran Kumar Reddy
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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44
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Chen H, Li A, Cui D, Wang Q, Wu D, Cui C, Ma F. N-Acyl-homoserine lactones and autoinducer-2-mediated quorum sensing during wastewater treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1119-1130. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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45
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Velho VF, Magnus BS, Daudt GC, Xavier JA, Guimarães LB, Costa RHR. Effect of COD/N ratio on N 2O production during nitrogen removal by aerobic granular sludge. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:3452-3460. [PMID: 29236023 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
N2O-production was investigated during nitrogen removal using aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology. A pilot sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with AGS achieved an effluent in accordance with national discharge limits, although presented a nitrite accumulation rate of 95.79% with no simultaneous nitrification-denitrification. N2O production was 2.06 mg L-1 during the anoxic phase, with N2O emission during air pulses and the aeration phase of 1.6% of the nitrogen loading rate. Batch tests with AGS from the pilot reactor verified that at the greatest COD/N ratio (1.55), the N2O production (1.08 mgN2O-N L-1) and consumption (up to 0.05 mgN2O-N L-1), resulted in the lowest remaining dissolved N2O (0.03 mgN2O-N L-1), stripping the minimum N2O gas (0.018 mgN2O-N L-1). Conversely, the carbon supply shortage, under low C/N ratios, increased N2O emission (0.040 mgN2O-N L-1), due to incomplete denitrification. High abundance of ammonia-oxidizing and low abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were found, corroborating the fact of partial nitrification. A denitrifying heterotrophic community, represented mainly by Pseudoxanthomonas, was predominant in the AGS. Overall, the AGS showed stable partial nitrification ability representing capital and operating cost savings. The SBR operation flexibility could be advantageous for controlling N2O emissions, and extending the anoxic phase would benefit complete denitrification in cases of low C/N influents.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Velho
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil E-mail: ; Catarinense Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Camboriú, CEP: 88340 055 Camboriú, SC, Brazil
| | - B S Magnus
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil E-mail:
| | - G C Daudt
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil E-mail:
| | - J A Xavier
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil E-mail:
| | - L B Guimarães
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil E-mail:
| | - R H R Costa
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil E-mail:
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Dobbeleers T, D’aes J, Miele S, Caluwé M, Akkermans V, Daens D, Geuens L, Dries J. Aeration control strategies to stimulate simultaneous nitrification-denitrification via nitrite during the formation of aerobic granular sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6829-6839. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jafari Kang A, Yuan Q. Long-term stability and nutrient removal efficiency of aerobic granules at low organic loads. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 234:336-342. [PMID: 28340438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of application of aerobic granular sludge cultivated with high organic loads for biological nutrient removal (BNR) from low-strength wastewater was studied. Granules obtained with high-strength (COD=1400mg/L) wastewater were fed with medium (COD=700mg/L) and then low-strength (COD=400mg/L) wastewater. The granules rapidly acclimated to the medium-strength wastewater. However, feeding with low-strength wastewater reduced the F/M ratio from 0.4 to 0.2gCOD/gVSSd and granules disintegration occurred. Re-granulation was obtained after poor settling biomass was washed out and the F/M ratio reached 0.4gCOD/gVSSd. Disintegration of granules coincided with the decrease in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content and protein-to-carbohydrate ratio and re-granulation was assisted with the increase in EPS and protein-to-carbohydrate ratio. The results indicated that cultivation of aerobic granules with high organic loads and its implication for BNR treatment of low-strength wastewater while balancing the F/M ratio can be an alternative to reduce start-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbass Jafari Kang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Qiuyan Yuan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 5V6, Canada.
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Zhang X, Liu F, Zheng S. Energy savings and higher volumetric loading rate achieved in the conventional anoxic-oxic process for sewage treatment by enhancing biomass retention in the secondary clarifier. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 233:322-325. [PMID: 28285224 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to achieve a short HRT (∼2h for the A/O reactor), high MLSS (∼10gL-1), and high volumetric loading (∼3.7kg CODm-3d-1 and ∼0.6kg NH4-Nm-3d-1) in the A/O process for sewage treatment by enhancing biomass retention in the secondary clarifier (∼4h settling time), which we refer to as the high-performance A/O process (HP-A/O) in this paper. Over 258days of continuous operation, with a decrease in HRT from 12 to 2h, remarkable COD (95±3%), NH4+-N (98±2%), TN (79±5%), and TP (74±10%) removals were stably achieved, while the air requirement significantly decreased by 22%. The HP-A/O process offers advantages over the conventional A/O process (6-8h for A/O reactor, 3-5gL-1MLSS, and ∼1.0kg CODm-3d-1) for sewage treatment in terms of its lower energy consumption, smaller footprint and reactor requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Zhang
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shaokui Zheng
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Kim WY, Yun CY, Son DJ, Chang D, Kim DG, Hong KH. Electrolyte Addition for Enhanced Wastewater Treatment by Electrolysis using Cu Electrode. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2017. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2017.8.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Augmenting Lagoon Process Using Reactivated Freeze-dried Biogranules. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:137-154. [PMID: 28236192 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of using freeze-dried biogranules in lagoon basins. The effect of different operational conditions on treatment performance and detention time of granule-based lagoons was examined in a series of laboratory-scale batch studies. Optimal granule dosage was 0.1 g/L under anaerobic condition, resulting in 80-94% removal of 1000 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD) in 7-10 days. Under aerobic condition, granule dosage of 0.2 g/L achieved the best result for identical COD concentration. However, adequate amount of nutrients (optimal COD/N/P ratio of 100/13/0.8) should be supplied to encourage the growth of aerobic species. At optimal COD/N/P ratio, aerobic treatment interval significantly reduced to 2-3 days with corresponding COD removal efficiency of 88-92%. Inhibition of high concentrations of COD (5000 mg/L) and ammonia (480 mg/L NH4-N) was observed on microbial activity and treatment capacity of the biogranules. Mixing was a crucial measure to overcome mass transfer limitation. Onetime inoculation of lagoon with fresh granules was the best approach to achieve a satisfactory treatment efficiency. This study suggested that utilization of the biogranules is a feasible and sustainable technique for augmenting lagoon plants in terms of improved effluent quality and reduced retention time. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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