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Devaisy S, Kandasamy J, Nguyen TV, Ratnaweera H, Vigneswaran S. Membranes in Water Reclamation: Treatment, Reuse and Concentrate Management. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:605. [PMID: 37367809 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this article, an extensive examination is provided on the possible uses of membranes and hybrid processes in wastewater treatment. While membrane technologies face certain constraints, such as membrane fouling and scaling, the incomplete elimination of emerging contaminants, elevated expenses, energy usage, and brine disposal, there are approaches that can address these challenges. Methods such as pretreating the feed water, utilizing hybrid membrane systems and hybrid dual-membrane systems, and employing other innovative membrane-based treatment techniques can enhance the efficacy of membrane processes and advance sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanyah Devaisy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127, Australia
- Department of Bio-Science, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Vavuniya, Vavuniya 43 000, Sri Lanka
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127, Australia
| | - Tien Vinh Nguyen
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127, Australia
| | - Harsha Ratnaweera
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127, Australia
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
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Loganathan P, Kandasamy J, Ratnaweera H, Vigneswaran S. Submerged membrane/adsorption hybrid process in water reclamation and concentrate management-a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:42738-42752. [PMID: 36166127 PMCID: PMC10076408 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Clean water shortage is a major global problem due to escalating demand resulting from increasing human population growth and industrial activities, decreasing freshwater resources and persistent droughts. Recycling and reuse of wastewater by adopting efficient reclamation techniques can help solve this problem. However, wastewater contains a wide range of pollutants, which require removal before it may be reused. Adsorption and membrane processes are two successful treatments used to remove most of these pollutants. Their efficiency increases when these processes are integrated as observed, for example in a submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system (SMAHS). It uses coarse air bubbling/sparging to produce local shear which minimises reversible membrane fouling, improves performance and extends the life of the membrane. Additionally, the adsorbent acts as a buoyant media that produces an extra shearing effect on the membrane surface, reduces membrane resistance and increases flux. In addition, it adsorbs the organics that would otherwise deposit on and cause fouling of the membrane. The use of activated carbon (AC) adsorbent in SMAHS is very effective in removing most pollutants including natural organic matter (NOM) and organic micropollutants (OMPs) from wastewaters and membrane concentrate wastes, the latter being a serious problem in practical applications of the reverse osmosis process. However, certain NOM fractions and OMPs (i.e. hydrophilic and negatively charged ones) are not efficiently removed by AC. Other adsorbents need to be explored for their effective removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paripurnanda Loganathan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127 Australia
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127 Australia
| | - Harsha Ratnaweera
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127 Australia
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box N-1432, Ås, Norway
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Gutiérrez M, Grillini V, Mutavdžić Pavlović D, Verlicchi P. Activated carbon coupled with advanced biological wastewater treatment: A review of the enhancement in micropollutant removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148050. [PMID: 34091341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study consists of a review on the removal efficiencies of a wide spectrum of micropollutants (MPs) in biological treatment (mainly membrane bioreactor) coupled with activated carbon (AC) (AC added in the bioreactor or followed by an AC unit, acting as a post treatment). It focuses on how the presence of AC may promote the removal of MPs and the effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in wastewater. Removal data collected of MPs are analysed versus AC dose if powdered AC is added in the bioreactor, and as a function of the empty bed contact time in the case of a granular activated carbon (GAC) column acting as a post treatment. Moreover, the enhancement in macropollutant (organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) removal is analysed as well as the AC mitigation effect towards membrane fouling and, finally, how sludge properties may change in the presence of AC. To sum up, it was found that AC improves the removal of most MPs, favouring their sorption on the AC surface, promoted by the presence of different functional groups and then enhancing their degradation processes. DOM is a strong competitor in sorption on the AC surface, but it may promote the transformation of GAC in a biologically activated carbon thus enhancing all the degradation processes. Finally, AC in the bioreactor increases sludge floc strength and improves its settling characteristics and sorption potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gutiérrez
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Grillini
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Paola Verlicchi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
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The Influence of Different Operation Conditions on the Treatment of Mariculture Wastewater by the Combined System of Anoxic Filter and Membrane Bioreactor. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100729. [PMID: 34677495 PMCID: PMC8539745 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mariculture wastewater treatment performance for the combined system of anoxic filter and membrane bioreactor (AF-MBR) was investigated under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs), influent alkalinity, and influent ammonia nitrogen load. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of TOC and total nitrogen were slightly better at the HRT of 8 h than at other HRTs, and the phosphate removal efficiency decreased with the increase of HRT. With the increase of influent alkalinity, the removal of TOC and phosphate did not change significantly. With the increase of influent alkalinity from 300 mg/L to 500 mg/L, the total nitrogen removal efficiency of AF-MBR was improved, but the change of the removal efficiency was not obvious when the alkalinity increased from 500 mg/L to 600 mg/L. When the influent concentration of ammonia nitrogen varied from 20 mg/L to 50 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of TOC, phosphate, and total nitrogen by AF-MBR were stable. An interesting finding was that in all the different operation conditions examined, the treatment efficiency of AF-MBR was always better than that of the control MBR. The concentrations of NO3−-N in AF-MBR were relatively low, whereas NO3−-N accumulated in the control MBR. The reason was that the microorganisms attached to the carrier and remained fixed in the aerobic and anoxic spaces, so that there was a gradual enrichment of bacteria characterized by slow growth in a high-salt environment. In addition, the microorganisms could gather and grow on the carrier forming a biofilm with higher activity, a richer and more stable population, and enhanced ability to resist a load impact.
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Piombini CR, Silva LLS, da Fonseca FV, Campos JC. Submerged microfiltration membrane and activated carbon processes for recalcitrant compounds removal in oil refinery effluent as electrodialysis pre-treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:1403-1416. [PMID: 34559075 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The combination of suspended activated carbon (AC) and submerged microfiltration (SMF) processes was applied to polish a biotreated effluent generated in a refinery industry. Preliminary results indicated that Norit 1240 W AC was more suitable than Carbomafra AC brand for total organic carbon (TOC) removal due to the highest Freundlich adsorption constant value (1.97 ± 0.42 and 0.96 ± 0.23 (mg/g)(L/mg)1/n, respectively), thus the first one was used in the combined system. Among all particle sizes of AC tested (0.041-1.01 mm), AC/SMF system was better performed, according to permeation flux, when applying granular AC instead of the powder one. On the other hand, the best response regarding TOC removal and absorbance at 254 nm (ABS254 nm) reduction were observed when applying powder AC (89% and 97%, respectively). Statistical analysis with two-sample T-test (p-value <0.05) endorsed the need of both air purge (20 L/h) and backwash strategies (8 min of permeation and 10 seconds of backwash) to diminish fouling occurrence in the SMF system. Finally, it was found that 2 g/L of Norit 1240 W PAC (0.041 mm particle size) condition fitted the effluent to further electrodialysis reversal (EDR) process (3.4 mg/L TOC) with consistent normalized permeate flux after 5 h of permeation (0.76 ± 0.1 J/J0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolinne Ragazzi Piombini
- Inorganic Process Department, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil E-mail:
| | | | - Fabiana Valéria da Fonseca
- Inorganic Process Department, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Juacyara Carbonelli Campos
- Inorganic Process Department, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil E-mail:
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Abstract
This study examines the effect of bentonite and zeolite concentration (0.25–5 g/L) on the membrane fouling of a fully automated, pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating high-strength synthetic municipal wastewater. Reversible fouling was estimated by sludge filterability measurements and irreversible fouling was estimated by the reduction of the carbohydrate fraction of soluble microbial products (SMPc), which are considered to be significant MBR foulants. Both minerals were added to biomass samples (during batch-mode experiments) which were obtained from the system’s aeration tank. Results showed that the optimal bentonite and zeolite concentrations were 3.5–4 g/L and 2.5–3.5 g/L, respectively. Interestingly, above these values, the addition of both minerals increased the examined fouling indices, i.e., the measured filterability times and the SMPc concentration, implying that they might act as foulants at high concentrations. Optical microscopy images of the biomass samples showed that the addition of minerals at the optimal concentrations did not affect significantly filamentous microorganisms, since filament index (FI) was practically unaffected (~2). Finally, regarding the system’s treating performance, it was found that the pilot-scale MBR can operate successfully with high-strength synthetic municipal wastewater, since remarkable behaviour was exhibited in terms of organics (BOD5, COD) and ammonium (NH4+-N) removal (>98%).
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Xu B, Albert Ng TC, Huang S, Shi X, Ng HY. Feasibility of isolated novel facultative quorum quenching consortiums for fouling control in an AnMBR. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 114:151-180. [PMID: 31706123 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology is being recognized as an appealing strategy for wastewater treatment, however, severity of membrane fouling inhibits its widespread implementations. This study engineered novel facultative quorum quenching consortiums (FQQs) coping with membrane fouling in AnMBRs with preliminary analysis for their quorum quenching (QQ) performances. Herein, Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs)-based quorum sensing (QS) in a lab-scale AnMBR initially revealed that N-Hexanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-Octanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) and N-Decanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL) were the dominant AHLs in AnMBRs in this study. Three FQQs, namely, FQQ-C6, FQQ-C8 and FQQ-C10, were harvested after anaerobic screening of aerobic QQ consortiums (AeQQs) which were isolated by enrichment culture, aiming to degrade C6-HSL, C8-HSL and C10-HSL, respectively. Growth of FQQ-C6 and FQQ-C10 using AHLs as carbon source under anaerobic condition was significantly faster than those using acetate, congruously suggesting that their QQ performance will not be compromised in AnMBRs. All FQQs degraded a wide range of AHLs pinpointing their extensive QQ ability. FQQ-C6, FQQ-C8 and FQQ-C10 remarkably alleviated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production in a lab-scale AnMBR by 72.46%, 35.89% and 65.88%, respectively, and FQQ-C6 retarded membrane fouling of the AnMBR by 2 times. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that there was a major shift in dominant species from AeQQs to FQQs where Comamonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Stenotrophomonas sp. and Ochrobactrum sp. survived after anaerobic screening and were the majority in FQQs. High growth rate utilizing AHLs under anaerobic condition and enormous EPS retardation efficiency in FQQ-C6 and FQQ-C10 could be attributed to Comamonas sp.. These findings demonstrated that FQQs could be leveraged for QQ under anaerobic systems. We believe that this was the first work proposing a bacterial pool of facultative QQ candidates holding biotechnological promises for membrane fouling control in AnMBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Xu
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576
| | - Tze Chiang Albert Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576
| | - Xueqing Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - How Yong Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576; National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore.
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9
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Insights into membrane fouling implicated by physical adsorption of soluble microbial products onto D3520 resin. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Zhou L, Ye B, Xia S. Assessment of membrane bioreactor fouling with the addition of suspended aluminum nitride nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124473. [PMID: 31376697 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed fouling in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) with the addition of suspended aluminum nitride (AlN) nanoparticles (NPs). Three parallel laboratory-scale submerged MBRs were operated with 0, 10, and 50 mg AlN NPs/L for over 70 days. The results showed that the addition of suspended AlN NPs did not significantly affect pollutant biodegradation; there was only a slight decrease in NH4+-N removal. Furthermore, the membrane's permeability was increased with effective fouling mitigation by the addition of a high amount of suspended AlN NPs. This was because the suspended AlN NPs decreased the content of polysaccharides in both the extracellular polymeric substances and soluble microbial products, and decreased the sludge floc size. However, the AlN NPs also promoted pore-blocking, particularly standard blocking, which enhanced irreversible fouling. Additionally, owing to the larger ionic radius and higher electronegativity, the AlN NPs inhibited the accumulation of framework components (SiO2). Therefore, suspended AlN NPs resulted in a thinner cake layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Biao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Pudong Architectural Design & Research Institute, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Wang S, Ma C, Pang C, Hu Z, Wang W. Membrane fouling and performance of anaerobic ceramic membrane bioreactor treating phenol- and quinoline-containing wastewater: granular activated carbon vs polyaluminum chloride. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34167-34176. [PMID: 30484054 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) has been proposed for the treatment of phenolic wastewater, the membrane fouling is still a major obstacle. The effects of dosing of granular activated carbon (GAC) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) on the treatment performance and membrane fouling of anaerobic ceramic membrane bioreactor were investigated for treating phenol- and quinoline-containing wastewater. The results suggested that the one-off dosing of GAC resulted in a decrease of protein/carbohydrate ratio, which might account for the aggravation of membrane fouling alongside with the decreased flocs size. Nevertheless, the substrate uptake rates (SUR) of phenol and quinoline, and the specific methanogenic activity of sludge at the GAC dosing stage of experimental reactor (R1) were 8.79 ± 0.63 mg phenol g-1 MLVSS d-1, 7.01 ± 0.09 mg quinoline g-1 MLVSS d-1 and 0.27 ± 0.01 g CODCH4 g-1 MLVSS d-1, which were 1.69, 3.59 and 1.93 times higher than that of the control reactor (R2). The dosing of PACl reduced the membrane fouling rate by changing the floc structure of sludge, as well as the component of SMP and EPS. However, the substrate uptake rate of quinoline was declined. This work provides a comprehensive evaluation on the effect of GAC and PACl dosing on membrane fouling and performance of anaerobic ceramic membrane bioreactor treating phenol-and quinoline-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Chao Pang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zhenhu Hu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230009, China.
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Rahmawati R, Bilad MR, Laziz AM, Nordin NAHM, Jusoh N, Putra ZA, Mahlia TMI, Jaafar J. Finned spacer for efficient membrane fouling control in produced water filtration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 249:109359. [PMID: 31404857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Membrane based technologies are highly reliable for water and wastewater treatment, including for removal of total oil and grease from produced water. However, performances of the pressure driven processes are highly restricted by membrane fouling and the application of traditional air bubbling system is limited by their low shear stress due to poor contacts with the membrane surface. This study develops and assesses a novel finned spacer, placed in between vertical panel, for membrane fouling control in submerged plate-and-frame module system for real produced water filtration. Results show that permeability of the panel is enhanced by 87% from 201 to 381 L/(m2 h bar). The spacer system can be operated in switching mode to accommodate two-sided panel aeration. This leads to panel permeability increment by 22% higher than the conventional vertical system. The mechanisms of finned spacer in encouraging the flow trajectory was proven by visual observation and flow simulation. The fins alter the air bubbles flow trajectory toward the membrane surface to effectively scour-off the foulant. Overall results demonstrate the efficacy of the developed spacer in projecting the air bubble trajectory toward the membrane surface and thus significantly enhances membrane panel productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratri Rahmawati
- Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - M R Bilad
- Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Afiq Mohd Laziz
- Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - N A H M Nordin
- Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Norwahyu Jusoh
- Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Zulfan Adi Putra
- Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - T M I Mahlia
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling,Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - J Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Aslam M, Kim J. Investigating membrane fouling associated with GAC fluidization on membrane with effluent from anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor in domestic wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1170-1180. [PMID: 28785947 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effect of mechanical scouring driven by granular activated carbon (GAC) fluidization on membrane fouling was investigated using a laboratory-scaled, fluidized membrane reactor filtering the effluent from anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor (AFBR) in domestic wastewater treatment. The GAC particles were fluidized by recirculating a bulk solution only through the membrane reactor to control membrane fouling. The membrane fouling was compared with two different feed solutions, effluent taken from a pilot-scaled, AFBR treating domestic wastewater and its filtrate through 0.1-μm membrane pore size. The GAC fluidization driven by bulk recirculation through the membrane reactor was very effective to reduce membrane fouling. Membrane scouring under GAC fluidization decreased reversible fouling resistance effectively. Fouling mitigation was more pronounced with bigger GAC particles than smaller ones as fluidized media. Regardless of the fluidized GAC sizes, however, there was limited effect on controlling irreversible fouling caused by colloidal materials which is smaller than 0.1 μm. In addition, the deposit of GAC particles that ranged from 180 to 500 μm in size on membrane surface was very significant and accelerated fouling rate. Biopolymers rejected by the membranes were thought to play a role as binding these small GAC particles on membrane surface strongly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Namgu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Namgu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Recent developments in biofouling control in membrane bioreactors for domestic wastewater treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Ahmad R, Aslam M, Park E, Chang S, Kwon D, Kim J. Submerged low-cost pyrophyllite ceramic membrane filtration combined with GAC as fluidized particles for industrial wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:784-792. [PMID: 29800883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Submerged ceramic membrane reactor treating industrial wastewater was combined with granular activated carbon (GAC) particles to control membrane fouling and organic removal efficiency. The GAC particles were suspended along the membrane surface under bulk recirculation only through the reactor without any gas sparging. Membrane support coated with Al2O3 layer (CPM) and uncoated one (UPM) was compared at constant flux mode of filtration. The membrane support consisted of 80% of pyrophyllite and 20% of alumina. Under up-flow velocity of 0.031 m s-1 through bulk recirculation only without GAC particles, the fouling rates were observed as 0.011 and 0.013 bar h-1 for the CPM and UPM, respectively. With suspension of GAC particles, fouling mitigation was enhanced considerably and this effect was more pronounced with CPM than UPM under the same upflow velocity (90 vs. 57%). In addition, the GAC suspension increased critical flux by 46% higher with CPM than that observed without the carbon particles. The organic removal efficiency of the UPM was lower than that of CPM while the fouling rate was much greater probably due to pore blocking caused by organic dye compounds. For the both membranes, suspension of GAC particles along the membrane surface increased organic removal efficiency higher than 90%. The organic removal efficiency was enhanced by increasing permeate flux, but it became lower as upflow velocity was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Namgu, Yonghyun dong 253, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Namgu, Yonghyun dong 253, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Namgu, Yonghyun dong 253, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Namgu, Yonghyun dong 253, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deaun Kwon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Namgu, Yonghyun dong 253, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Namgu, Yonghyun dong 253, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Kalaruban M, Loganathan P, Kandasamy J, Vigneswaran S. Submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system using four adsorbents to remove nitrate from water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20328-20335. [PMID: 28382442 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate contamination of ground and surface waters causes environmental pollution and human health problems in many parts of the world. This study tests the nitrate removal efficiencies of two ion exchange resins (Dowex 21K XLT and iron-modified Dowex 21K XLT (Dowex-Fe)) and two chemically modified bio-adsorbents (amine-grafted corn cob (AG corn cob) and amine-grafted coconut copra (AG coconut copra)) using a dynamic adsorption treatment system. A submerged membrane (microfiltration) adsorption hybrid system (SMAHS) was used for the continuous removal of nitrate with a minimal amount of adsorbents. The efficiency of membrane filtration flux and replacement rate of adsorbent were studied to determine suitable operating conditions to maintain the effluent nitrate concentration below the WHO drinking standard limit of 11.3 mg N/L. The volume of water treated and the amount of nitrate adsorbed per gramme of adsorbent for all four flux tested were in the order Dowex-Fe > Dowex > AG coconut copra > AG corn cob. The volumes of water treated (L/g adsorbent) were 0.91 and 1.85, and the amount of nitrate removed (mg N/g adsorbent) were 9.8 and 22.2 for AG corn cob and Dowex-Fe, respectively, at a flux of 15 L/(m2/h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahatheva Kalaruban
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Paripurnanda Loganathan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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17
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Mathematical Modelling of Nitrate Removal from Water Using a Submerged Membrane Adsorption Hybrid System with Four Adsorbents. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Removing rubidium using potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate in the membrane adsorption hybrid system. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Charfi A, Aslam M, Kim J. Modelling approach to better control biofouling in fluidized bed membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:136-144. [PMID: 29032258 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A mathematical model has been developed to better understand fouling mitigation mechanisms in particle-sparged membrane bioreactor. The model developed herein assumes two fouling mechanisms, (i) the pore blocking leading to the decrease in membrane surface porosity and (ii) the progressive development of compressible cake layer on the membrane surface. The model has been validated by comparison with trans-membrane pressure data registered from the bioreactor filtering a synthetic solution consisting of bentonite, sodium alginate and bovin serum albumine (BSA). Two nonporous media have been tested, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beads and silica particles with different dosage (0, 10, 30, 50 and 70% (v/v)). Compared to the experimental data, the model shows satisfactory fitting with R2 ≥ 93%. For both media tested, an optimal dosage to minimize fouling rate was observed at 50% (v/v). Even if both fouling mechanisms have been mitigated by adding fluidized media, pore blocking was more pronounced than cake formation. Moreover, better pore blocking mitigation was observed with PET media (50% (v/v)) having bigger size and lower density than silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Charfi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Namgu Yonghyun Dong 253, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Namgu Yonghyun Dong 253, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Namgu Yonghyun Dong 253, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Iorhemen OT, Hamza RA, Tay JH. Membrane fouling control in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) using granular materials. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 240:9-24. [PMID: 28314664 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is considered the major limitation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). This paper provides an overview on fouling mitigation in MBRs using granular materials. Adsorbents addition extends filtration period, improves critical flux as well as sludge properties (increased flocs size, reduced soluble EPS, improved dewaterability). However, determination of optimal dosages of adsorbents is needed to balance cost savings from fouling mitigation versus cost of adsorbents and sludge handling. The abrasion from granular media reduces cake layer formation, extends membrane filtration period, increases flux (∼20-30%), and reduces aeration intensity by 50%. Finding appropriate aeration intensity and optimum dose for different media is critical for full-scale application. Granular sludge substantially reduces fouling in MBRs; but, optimal operational conditions for long-term granule stability are required. Quorum quenching (QQ) mitigates biofouling (energy savings ∼27-40%). Cost savings from QQ need assessment against the production and application of QQ approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Terna Iorhemen
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Rania Ahmed Hamza
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Joo Hwa Tay
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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21
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The Performance and Fouling Control of Submerged Hollow Fiber (HF) Systems: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7080765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Charfi A, Aslam M, Lesage G, Heran M, Kim J. Macroscopic approach to develop fouling model under GAC fluidization in anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactor. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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23
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Membrane distillation for wastewater reverse osmosis concentrate treatment with water reuse potential. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Chen W, Luo J, Cao R, Li Y, Liu J. Effect of macroporous adsorption resin-membrane bioreactor hybrid system against fouling for municipal wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:112-117. [PMID: 27914785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) displays significant advantages in effluent quality, sludge production, footprint, and operation. However, membrane fouling limits the application of MBR. This study investigated membrane fouling in a macroporous adsorption resin-membrane bioreactor hybrid system established by adding macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) into MBR. MAR addition increased the critical flux by 27.97%, indicating that membrane fouling was successfully mitigated. Consequently, comparative experiments were designed to analyze the pathway. MAR addition mitigated external fouling development and improved mixed liquor characteristics, thereby mitigating gel layer formation and sludge floc deposition on the membrane surface. MAR effectively reduced the supernatant viscosity and dissolved COD by adsorbing soluble microbial products. Sludge production decreased because the sludge activity in MAR-MBR was inhibited. The fouled MAR could be regenerated effectively by deionized water and chemical cleaning. This work demonstrated the feasibility of using MAR-MBR to mitigate fouling in municipal wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Ruyi Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China.
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25
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Iorhemen OT, Hamza RA, Tay JH. Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology for Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: Membrane Fouling. MEMBRANES 2016; 6:E33. [PMID: 27314394 PMCID: PMC4931528 DOI: 10.3390/membranes6020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The membrane bioreactor (MBR) has emerged as an efficient compact technology for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. The major drawback impeding wider application of MBRs is membrane fouling, which significantly reduces membrane performance and lifespan, resulting in a significant increase in maintenance and operating costs. Finding sustainable membrane fouling mitigation strategies in MBRs has been one of the main concerns over the last two decades. This paper provides an overview of membrane fouling and studies conducted to identify mitigating strategies for fouling in MBRs. Classes of foulants, including biofoulants, organic foulants and inorganic foulants, as well as factors influencing membrane fouling are outlined. Recent research attempts on fouling control, including addition of coagulants and adsorbents, combination of aerobic granulation with MBRs, introduction of granular materials with air scouring in the MBR tank, and quorum quenching are presented. The addition of coagulants and adsorbents shows a significant membrane fouling reduction, but further research is needed to establish optimum dosages of the various coagulants/adsorbents. Similarly, the integration of aerobic granulation with MBRs, which targets biofoulants and organic foulants, shows outstanding filtration performance and a significant reduction in fouling rate, as well as excellent nutrients removal. However, further research is needed on the enhancement of long-term granule integrity. Quorum quenching also offers a strong potential for fouling control, but pilot-scale testing is required to explore the feasibility of full-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Terna Iorhemen
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Rania Ahmed Hamza
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Joo Hwa Tay
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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26
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Wu B, Wang Y, Lim W, Chew JW, Fane AG, Liu Y. Enhanced performance of submerged hollow fibre microfiltration by fluidized granular activated carbon. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Basu S, Kaushik A, Saranya P, Batra VS, Balakrishnan M. High strength distillery wastewater treatment by a PAC-MBR with low PAC dosage. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:1104-1111. [PMID: 26942533 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Augmentation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) with activated carbon is established to offer several operational advantages. This work investigates the influence of low dosing (2 g/L) of powdered activated carbons (PACs) with different characteristics on the performance of MBR treating high strength molasses distillery wastewater containing difficult-to-biodegrade recalcitrant components. Two MBRs, augmented with different PACs, were operated in parallel over a period of 240 days and their performance monitored in terms of biomass growth, reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), sludge properties like extracellular polymeric substances content, filterability, and morphology. Removal of organics and coloring matter by adsorption, biodegradation and membrane filtration was estimated. Although adsorptive removal of color and COD is influenced by the properties of the PAC used, the performance of the PAC-MBRs was independent of PAC properties. Both PACs preferentially adsorbed the low molecular weight components in distillery wastewater. Retention by the membrane filter with the secondary cake layer contributed to reduction in color and COD of treated effluent. The findings indicate that low dosing with PAC adsorbing low molecular weight organics has a limited role in PAC-MBR treating distillery wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Basu
- The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Center, Darbari Seth Block, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India E-mail:
| | - Ankita Kaushik
- The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Center, Darbari Seth Block, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India E-mail:
| | - P Saranya
- The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Center, Darbari Seth Block, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India E-mail:
| | - Vidya S Batra
- The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Center, Darbari Seth Block, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India E-mail:
| | - Malini Balakrishnan
- The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Center, Darbari Seth Block, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India E-mail:
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28
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Characterization of biofoulants illustrates different membrane fouling mechanisms for aerobic and anaerobic membrane bioreactors. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Submerged membrane – (GAC) adsorption hybrid system in reverse osmosis concentrate treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Shanmuganathan S, Johir MA, Nguyen TV, Kandasamy J, Vigneswaran S. Experimental evaluation of microfiltration–granular activated carbon (MF–GAC)/nano filter hybrid system in high quality water reuse. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Ding A, Liang H, Qu F, Bai L, Li G, Ngo HH, Guo W. Effect of granular activated carbon addition on the effluent properties and fouling potentials of membrane-coupled expanded granular sludge bed process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 171:240-246. [PMID: 25203232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To mitigate membrane fouling of membrane-coupled anaerobic process, granular activated carbon (GAC: 50 g/L) was added into an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB). A short-term ultrafiltration test was investigated for analyzing membrane fouling potential and underlying fouling mechanisms. The results showed that adding GAC into the EGSB not only improved the COD removal efficiency, but also alleviated membrane fouling efficiently because GAC could help to reduce soluble microbial products, polysaccharides and proteins by 26.8%, 27.8% and 24.7%, respectively, compared with the control system. Furthermore, excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy analysis revealed that GAC addition mainly reduced tryptophan protein-like, aromatic protein-like and fulvic-like substances. In addition, the resistance distribution analysis demonstrated that adding GAC primarily decreased the cake layer resistance by 53.5%. The classic filtration mode analysis showed that cake filtration was the major fouling mechanism for membrane-coupled EGSB process regardless of the GAC addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Fangshu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Langming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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32
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33
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He L, Ji FY, He XL, Zhou WW, Xu X, Lai MS. Validation of accumulation models for inorganic suspended solids of different particle size in an activated sludge system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 149:51-57. [PMID: 24084204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study the effect of different particle sizes of inorganic suspended solids (ISS) on the ISS accumulation in an activated sludge system was investigated. The volume mean particle diameters (Dv) of ISS were 26, 73, 106, 165, and 210 μm. There are four fates of ISS in an activated sludge system: (1) suspending in the activated sludge, (2) depositing at the bottom of the reactors, (3) discharged from the reactors via excess sludge, and lastly (4) discharged from the reactors via effluent. The accumulated ISS in the bioreactor was unevenly distributed. Based on the accumulation proportion of ISS in bioreactor, an ISS accumulation model was established, from which the ISS accumulation concentration and the MLVSS/MLSS could be predicted. The proportion of ISS suspending in activated sludge was 0.22, 0.21, 0.042 and 0.031. The proportion of ISS depositing at the bottom of bioreactors was 0.31, 0.47, 0.75, 0.76 and 0.92.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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34
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Zhou L, Zhang Z, Xia S, Jiang W, Ye B, Xu X, Gu Z, Guo W, Ngo HH, Meng X, Fan J, Zhao J. Effects of suspended titanium dioxide nanoparticles on cake layer formation in submerged membrane bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 152:101-106. [PMID: 24287450 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Effects of the suspended titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs, 50 mg/L) on the cake layer formation in a submerged MBR were systematically investigated. With nanometer sizes, TiO2 NPs were found to aggravate membrane pore blocking but postpone cake layer fouling. TiO2 NPs showed obvious effects on the structure and the distribution of the organic and the inorganic compounds in cake layer. Concentrations of fatty acids and cholesterol in the cake layer increased due to the acute response of bacteria to the toxicity of TiO2 NPs. Line-analysis and dot map of energy-dispersive X-ray were also carried out. Since TiO2 NPs inhibited the interactions between the inorganic and the organic compounds, the inorganic compounds (especially SiO2) were prevented from depositing onto the membrane surface. Thus, the postponed cake layer fouling was due to the changing features of the complexes on the membrane surface caused by TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shenzhen Water Group Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518031, China
| | - Biao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zaoli Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu-Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xiangzhou Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jinhong Fan
- State Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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