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Hahn T, Alzate MO, Leonhardt S, Tamang P, Zibek S. Current trends in medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates: Microbial production, purification, and characterization. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300211. [PMID: 38845815 PMCID: PMC11151071 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have gained interest recently due to their biodegradability and versatility. In particular, the chemical compositions of medium-chain-length (mcl)-PHAs are highly diverse, comprising different monomers containing 6-14 carbon atoms. This review summarizes different feedstocks and fermentation strategies to enhance mcl-PHA production and briefly discusses the downstream processing. This review also provides comprehensive details on analytical tools for determining the composition and properties of mcl-PHA. Moreover, this study provides novel information by statistically analyzing the data collected from several reports on mcl-PHA to determine the optimal fermentation parameters (specific growth rate, PHA productivity, and PHA yield from various structurally related and unrelated substrates), mcl-PHA composition, molecular weight (MW), and thermal and mechanical properties, in addition to other relevant statistical values. The analysis revealed that the median PHA productivity observed in the fed-batch feeding strategy was 0.4 g L-1 h-1, which is eight times higher than that obtained from batch feeding (0.05 g L-1 h-1). Furthermore, 3-hydroxyoctanoate and -decanoate were the primary monomers incorporated into mcl-PHA. The investigation also determined the median glass transition temperature (-43°C) and melting temperature (47°C), which indicated that mcl-PHA is a flexible amorphous polymer at room temperature with a median MW of 104 kDa. However, information on the monomer composition or heterogeneity and the associated physical and mechanical data of mcl-PHAs is inadequate. Based on their mechanical values, the mcl-PHAs can be classified as semi-crystalline polymers (median crystallinity 23%) with rubber-like properties and a median elongation at break of 385%. However, due to the limited mechanical data available for mcl-PHAs with known monomer composition, identifying suitable processing tools and applications to develop mcl-PHAs further is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hahn
- Bioprocess DevelopmentFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
| | - Melissa Ortega Alzate
- Bioprocess DevelopmentFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of AntioquiaEl Carmen de ViboralColombia
| | - Steven Leonhardt
- Bioprocess DevelopmentFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
| | - Pravesh Tamang
- Bioprocess DevelopmentFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
| | - Susanne Zibek
- Bioprocess DevelopmentFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
- Institute of Interfacial Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVPUniversity of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
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Deng RX, Li HL, Wang W, Hu HB, Zhang XH. Engineering Pseudomonas chlororaphis HT66 for the Biosynthesis of Copolymers Containing 3-Hydroxybutyrate and Medium-Chain-Length 3-Hydroxyalkanoates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8684-8692. [PMID: 38564621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising alternatives to petroleum-based plastics, owing to their biodegradability and superior material properties. Here, the controllable biosynthesis of scl-co-mcl PHA containing 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and mcl 3-hydroxyalkanoates was achieved in Pseudomonas chlororaphis HT66. First, key genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, and the phaC1-phaZ-phaC2 operon were deleted to develop a chassis strain. Subsequently, an acetoacetyl-CoA reductase gene phaB and a PHA synthase gene phaC with broad substrate specificity were heterologously expressed for producing and polymerizing the 3HB monomer with mcl 3-hydroxyalkanoates under the assistance of native β-ketothiolase gene phaA. Furthermore, the monomer composition of scl-co-mcl PHA was regulated by adjusting the amount of glucose and dodecanoic acid supplemented. Notably, the cell dry weight and scl-co-mcl PHA content reached 14.2 g/L and 60.1 wt %, respectively, when the engineered strain HT11Δ::phaCB was cultured in King's B medium containing 5 g/L glucose and 5 g/L dodecanoic acid. These results demonstrated that P. chlororaphis can be a platform for producing scl-co-mcl PHA and has the potential for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong-Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xue-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Al-Khairy D, Fu W, Alzahmi AS, Twizere JC, Amin SA, Salehi-Ashtiani K, Mystikou A. Closing the Gap between Bio-Based and Petroleum-Based Plastic through Bioengineering. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122320. [PMID: 36557574 PMCID: PMC9787566 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioplastics, which are plastic materials produced from renewable bio-based feedstocks, have been investigated for their potential as an attractive alternative to petroleum-based plastics. Despite the harmful effects of plastic accumulation in the environment, bioplastic production is still underdeveloped. Recent advances in strain development, genome sequencing, and editing technologies have accelerated research efforts toward bioplastic production and helped to advance its goal of replacing conventional plastics. In this review, we highlight bioengineering approaches, new advancements, and related challenges in the bioproduction and biodegradation of plastics. We cover different types of polymers, including polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs and PHBs) produced by bacterial, microalgal, and plant species naturally as well as through genetic engineering. Moreover, we provide detailed information on pathways that produce PHAs and PHBs in bacteria. Lastly, we present the prospect of using large-scale genome engineering to enhance strains and develop microalgae as a sustainable production platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Al-Khairy
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Weiqi Fu
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Marine Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University & Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Amnah Salem Alzahmi
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), Institute Abu Dhabi, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean-Claude Twizere
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes Networks, Unit of Molecular Biology of Diseases, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA Institute), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Shady A. Amin
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), Institute Abu Dhabi, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), Institute Abu Dhabi, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (K.S.-A.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexandra Mystikou
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), Institute Abu Dhabi, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (K.S.-A.); (A.M.)
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Behera S, Priyadarshanee M, Das S. Polyhydroxyalkanoates, the bioplastics of microbial origin: Properties, biochemical synthesis, and their applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133723. [PMID: 35085614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rising plastic pollution deteriorates the environment significantly as these petroleum-based plastics are not biodegradable, and their production requires natural fuels (energy source) and other resources. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bioplastic and a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic plastics. PHAs can be entirely synthesized using various microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, and fungi. These value-added biopolymers show promising properties such as enhanced biodegradability, biocompatibility, and other chemo-mechanical properties. Further, it has been established that the properties of PHA polymers depend on the substrates and chemical composition (monomer unit) of these polymers. PHAs hold great potential as an alternative to petroleum-based polymers, and further research for economic production and utilization of these biopolymers is required. The review describes the synthesis mechanism and different properties of microbially synthesized PHAs for various applications. The classification of PHAs and the multiple techniques necessary for their detection and evaluation have been discussed. In addition, the synthesis mechanism involving the genetic regulation of these biopolymers in various microbial groups has been described. This review provides information on various commercially available PHAs and their application in multiple sectors. The industrial production of these microbially synthesized polymers and the different extraction methods have been reviewed in detail. Furthermore, the review provides an insight into the potential applications of this biopolymer in environmental, industrial, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivananda Behera
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India
| | - Monika Priyadarshanee
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India.
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5
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Kim D, Lee SK. Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates with Hydroxyvaleric Acid Derived from Levulinic Acid. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:110-116. [PMID: 34675141 PMCID: PMC9628823 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2108.08016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are emerging as alternatives to plastics by replacing fossil fuels with renewable raw substrates. Herein, we present the construction of engineered Escherichia coli strains to produce short-chain-length PHAs (scl-PHAs), including the monomers 4-hydroxyvalerate (4HV) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) produced from levulinic acid (LA). First, an E. coli strain expressing genes (lvaEDABC) from the LA metabolic pathway of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was constructed to generate 4HV-CoA and 3HV-CoA. Second, both PhaAB enzymes from Cupriavidus necator H16 were expressed to supply 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB)-CoA from acetyl-CoA. Finally, PHA synthase (PhaCCv) from Chromobacterium violaceum was introduced for the subsequent polymerization of these three monomers. The resulting E. coli strains produced four PHAs (w/w% of dry cell weight): 9.1 wt% P(4HV), 1.7 wt% P(3HV-co-4HV), 24.2 wt% P(3HB-co-4HV), and 35.6 wt% P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kuk Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea,Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-52-217-2514 Fax: +82-52-217-3009 E-mail:
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6
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Sustainability Challenges and Future Perspectives of Biopolymer. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chavan S, Yadav B, Tyagi RD, Drogui P. A review on production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters by thermophilic microbes using waste feedstocks. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125900. [PMID: 34523565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are produced by numerous microbes as a subcellular energy source. Despite of their diverse applications, exorbitant production cost limits their commercial synthesis. Apart from various cost determining factors such as cost-effective feedstocks or economic recovery methods, the use of appropriate bacteria holds the key to reduce the fermentation economics. Extremophiles, especially thermophilic PHA producers, could make the bioprocess economically viable by reducing the production cost in several aspects. Using variety of waste feedstocks as carbon substrates could open the way for the valorisation of industrial waste streams and cost-effective PHA production. Therefore, the article critically reviews the current knowledge of the synthesis of PHA polyesters in thermophilic conditions. Additionally, it summarises several studies on thermophilic PHA producing bacteria grown on various waste substrates. To conclude, the paper focuses on screening and recovery methods as well as technical challenges in thermophilic PHA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Chavan
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Bhoomika Yadav
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - R D Tyagi
- School of Technology, Huzhou University, China; BOSK-Bioproducts, 100-399 rue Jacquard, Québec (QC) G1N 4J6, Canada.
| | - Patrick Drogui
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
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8
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Liu Y, Huo K, Wang S, Liu R, Yang C. A promoter engineering-based strategy enhances polyhydroxyalkanoate production in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:608-617. [PMID: 34582907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a class of biopolyester synthesized by various bacteria, is considered as an alternative to petroleum-based plastics because of its excellent physochemical and material properties. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 can produce medium-chain-length PHA (mcl-PHA) from glucose, fatty acid and glycerol, and its whole-genome sequences and cellular metabolic networks have been intensively researched. In this study, we aim to improve the PHA yield of P. putida KT2440 using a novel promoter engineering-based strategy. Unlike previous studies, endogenous strong promoters screening from P. putida KT2440 instead of synthetic or exogenous promoters was applied to the optimization of PHA biosynthesis pathway. Based on RNA-seq and promoter prediction, 30 putative strong promoters from P. putida KT2440 were identified. Subsequently, the strengths of these promoters were characterized by reporter gene assays. Furthermore, each of 10 strong promoters screened by transcriptional level and GFP fluorescence was independently inserted into upstream of PHA synthase gene (phaC1) on chromosome. As a result, the transcriptional levels of the phaC1 and phaC2 genes in almost all of the promoter-substituted strains were improved, and the relative PHA yields of the three promoter-substituted strains KTU-P1C1, KTU-P46C1 and KTU-P51C1 were improved obviously, reaching 30.62 wt%, 33.24 wt% and 33.29 wt% [the ratio of PHA weight to cell dry weight (CDW)], respectively. By further deletion of the glucose dehydrogenase gene in KTU-P1C1, KTU-P46C1 and KTU-P51C1, the relative PHA yield of the resulting mutant strain KTU-P46C1-∆gcd increased by 5.29% from 33.24% to 38.53%. Finally, by inserting P46 into upstream of pyruvate dehydrogenase gene in the genome of KTU-P46C1-∆gcd, the relative PHA yield and CDW of the resulting strain KTU-P46C1A-∆gcd reached nearly 42 wt% and 4.06 g/l, respectively, which increased by 90% and 40%, respectively, compared with the starting strain KTU. In particular, the absolute PHA yield of KTU-P46C1A-∆gcd reached 1.7 g/l, with a 165% improvement compared with the strain KTU. Herein, we report the highest PHA yield obtained by P. putida KT2440 in shake-flask fermentation to date. We demonstrate for the first time the effectiveness of endogenous strong promoters for improving the PHA yield and biomass of P. putida KT2440. More importantly, our findings highlight great potential of this strategy for enhanced production of secondary metabolites and heterologous proteins in P. putida KT2440.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Honglu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Kaiyue Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Ruihua Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Li M, Ma Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Chen X, Ye JW, Chen GQ. Tailor-Made Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Reconstructing Pseudomonas Entomophila. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102766. [PMID: 34322928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) containing short- and medium/long-chain-length monomers, abbreviated as SCL-co-MCL/LCL PHAs, generate suitable thermal and mechanical properties. However, SCL-co-MCL/LCL PHAs with carbon chain longer than nine are difficult to synthesize due to the low specificity of PHA synthase PhaC and the lack of either SCL- or MCL/LCL monomer precursor fluxes. This study succeeds in reprogramming a β-oxidation weakened Pseudomonas entomophila containing synthesis pathways of SCL 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA (3HB) from glucose and MCL/LCL 3-hydroxyalkanoyl-CoA from fatty acids with carbon chain lengths from 9 to 18, respectively, that are polymerized under a low specificity PhaC61-3 to form P(3HB-co-MCL/LCL 3HA) copolymers. Through rational flux-tuning approaches, the optimized recombinant P. entomophila accumulates 55 wt% poly-3-hydroxybutyrate in 8.4 g L-1 cell dry weight. Combined with weakened β-oxidation, a series of novel P(3HB-co-MCL/LCL 3HA) copolymers with over 60 wt% PHA in 9 g L-1 cell dry weight have been synthesized for the first time. P. entomophila has become a high-performing platform to generate tailor-made new SCL-co-MCL/LCL PHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yueyuan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lizhan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jian-Wen Ye
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysts, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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10
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Li D, Ma X, Yin F, Qiu Y, Yan X. Creating biotransformation of volatile fatty acids and octanoate as co-substrate to high yield medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 331:125031. [PMID: 33798859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using mixed microbial consortium (MMC) to accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is an effective strategy to solve high production cost and reduce the amount of excess sludge. In this study, a process for the production of short-chain-length and medium-chain-length PHA using volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from pretreated wood hydrolysate synergistic with octanoate as co-substrate was proposed. The effects of co-substrate ratios on PHA accumulation ability and physical properties were investigated. The incorporation of co-substrate accelerated the time of PHA and 3-hydroxyoctanoate reaching the maximum production (1834 and 280 mg COD/L). The highest PHA content was 53.0% (w/w), which was equivalent to that reported previously. The biopolymer films possessed high tensile strength, Young's modulus, and could be used in the field of water vapor barrier requirements. The accumulation strategy applied for converting fermentation products VFAs and octanoate co-substrate into high value and yield PHA could potentially demonstrate the valuable for low-cost large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongna Li
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300222, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300222, PR China.
| | - Fen Yin
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300222, PR China
| | - Yujuan Qiu
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300222, PR China
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300222, PR China
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11
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Bedade DK, Edson CB, Gross RA. Emergent Approaches to Efficient and Sustainable Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production. Molecules 2021; 26:3463. [PMID: 34200447 PMCID: PMC8201374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Petroleum-derived plastics dominate currently used plastic materials. These plastics are derived from finite fossil carbon sources and were not designed for recycling or biodegradation. With the ever-increasing quantities of plastic wastes entering landfills and polluting our environment, there is an urgent need for fundamental change. One component to that change is developing cost-effective plastics derived from readily renewable resources that offer chemical or biological recycling and can be designed to have properties that not only allow the replacement of current plastics but also offer new application opportunities. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) remain a promising candidate for commodity bioplastic production, despite the many decades of efforts by academicians and industrial scientists that have not yet achieved that goal. This article focuses on defining obstacles and solutions to overcome cost-performance metrics that are not sufficiently competitive with current commodity thermoplastics. To that end, this review describes various process innovations that build on fed-batch and semi-continuous modes of operation as well as methods that lead to high cell density cultivations. Also, we discuss work to move from costly to lower cost substrates such as lignocellulose-derived hydrolysates, metabolic engineering of organisms that provide higher substrate conversion rates, the potential of halophiles to provide low-cost platforms in non-sterile environments for PHA formation, and work that uses mixed culture strategies to overcome obstacles of using waste substrates. We also describe historical problems and potential solutions to downstream processing for PHA isolation that, along with feedstock costs, have been an Achilles heel towards the realization of cost-efficient processes. Finally, future directions for efficient PHA production and relevant structural variations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dattatray K. Bedade
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
| | - Cody B. Edson
- New York State Center for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
| | - Richard A. Gross
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
- New York State Center for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
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12
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Blanco FG, Hernández N, Rivero-Buceta V, Maestro B, Sanz JM, Mato A, Hernández-Arriaga AM, Prieto MA. From Residues to Added-Value Bacterial Biopolymers as Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061492. [PMID: 34200068 PMCID: PMC8228158 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biopolymers are naturally occurring materials comprising a wide range of molecules with diverse chemical structures that can be produced from renewable sources following the principles of the circular economy. Over the last decades, they have gained substantial interest in the biomedical field as drug nanocarriers, implantable material coatings, and tissue-regeneration scaffolds or membranes due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability into nonhazardous disintegration products, and their mechanical properties, which are similar to those of human tissues. The present review focuses upon three technologically advanced bacterial biopolymers, namely, bacterial cellulose (BC), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and γ-polyglutamic acid (PGA), as models of different carbon-backbone structures (polysaccharides, polyesters, and polyamides) produced by bacteria that are suitable for biomedical applications in nanoscale systems. This selection models evidence of the wide versatility of microorganisms to generate biopolymers by diverse metabolic strategies. We highlight the suitability for applied sustainable bioprocesses for the production of BC, PHA, and PGA based on renewable carbon sources and the singularity of each process driven by bacterial machinery. The inherent properties of each polymer can be fine-tuned by means of chemical and biotechnological approaches, such as metabolic engineering and peptide functionalization, to further expand their structural diversity and their applicability as nanomaterials in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G. Blanco
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Hernández
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Rivero-Buceta
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Maestro
- Host-Parasite Interplay in Pneumococcal Infection Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Jesús M. Sanz
- Host-Parasite Interplay in Pneumococcal Infection Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Aránzazu Mato
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Hernández-Arriaga
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Auxiliadora Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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13
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Sindhu R, Madhavan A, Arun KB, Pugazhendhi A, Reshmy R, Awasthi MK, Sirohi R, Tarafdar A, Pandey A, Binod P. Metabolic circuits and gene regulators in polyhydroxyalkanoate producing organisms: Intervention strategies for enhanced production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 327:124791. [PMID: 33579565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide worries upsurge concerning environmental pollutions triggered by the accumulation of plastic wastes. Biopolymers are promising candidates for resolving these difficulties by replacing non-biodegradable plastics. Among biopolymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), are natural polymers that are synthesized and accumulated in a range of microorganisms, are considered as promising biopolymers since they have biocompatibility, biodegradability, and other physico-chemical properties comparable to those of synthetic plastics. Consequently, considerable research have been attempted to advance a better understanding of mechanisms related to the metabolic synthesis and characteristics of PHAs and to develop native and recombinant microorganisms that can proficiently produce PHAs comprising desired monomers with high titer and productivity for industrial applications. Recent developments in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology applied to enhance PHA synthesis include, promoter engineering, ribosome-binding site (RBS) engineering, development of synthetic constructs etc. This review gives a brief overview of metabolic routes and regulators of PHA production and its intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - K B Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - R Reshmy
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara 690 110, Kerala, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Divison of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute for Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India.
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14
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Wang X, Han JN, Zhang X, Ma YY, Lin Y, Wang H, Li DJ, Zheng TR, Wu FQ, Ye JW, Chen GQ. Reversible thermal regulation for bifunctional dynamic control of gene expression in Escherichia coli. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1411. [PMID: 33658500 PMCID: PMC7930084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically programmed circuits allowing bifunctional dynamic regulation of enzyme expression have far-reaching significances for various bio-manufactural purposes. However, building a bio-switch with a post log-phase response and reversibility during scale-up bioprocesses is still a challenge in metabolic engineering due to the lack of robustness. Here, we report a robust thermosensitive bio-switch that enables stringent bidirectional control of gene expression over time and levels in living cells. Based on the bio-switch, we obtain tree ring-like colonies with spatially distributed patterns and transformer cells shifting among spherical-, rod- and fiber-shapes of the engineered Escherichia coli. Moreover, fed-batch fermentations of recombinant E. coli are conducted to obtain ordered assembly of tailor-made biopolymers polyhydroxyalkanoates including diblock- and random-copolymer, composed of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate with controllable monomer molar fraction. This study demonstrates the possibility of well-organized, chemosynthesis-like block polymerization on a molecular scale by reprogrammed microbes, exemplifying the versatility of thermo-response control for various practical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ning Han
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Yuan Ma
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yina Lin
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dian-Jie Li
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao-Ran Zheng
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Qing Wu
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysts, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Wen Ye
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysts, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
- MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysts, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Silva JB, Pereira JR, Marreiros BC, Reis MA, Freitas F. Microbial production of medium-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Amadu AA, Qiu S, Ge S, Addico GND, Ameka GK, Yu Z, Xia W, Abbew AW, Shao D, Champagne P, Wang S. A review of biopolymer (Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis in microbes cultivated on wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143729. [PMID: 33310224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The large quantities of non-degradable single use plastics, production and disposal, in addition to increasing amounts of municipal and industrial wastewaters are among the major global issues known today. Biodegradable plastics from biopolymers such as Poly-β-hydroxybutyrates (PHB) produced by microorganisms are potential substitutes for non-degradable petroleum-based plastics. This paper reviews the current status of wastewater-cultivated microbes utilized in PHB production, including the various types of wastewaters suitable for either pure or mixed culture PHB production. PHB-producing strains that have the potential for commercialization are also highlighted with proposed selection criteria for choosing the appropriate PHB microbe for optimization of processes. The biosynthetic pathways involved in producing microbial PHB are also discussed to highlight the advancements in genetic engineering techniques. Additionally, the paper outlines the factors influencing PHB production while exploring other metabolic pathways and metabolites simultaneously produced along with PHB in a bio-refinery context. Furthermore, the paper explores the effects of extraction methods on PHB yield and quality to ultimately facilitate the commercial production of biodegradable plastics. This review uniquely discusses the developments in research on microbial biopolymers, specifically PHB and also gives an overview of current commercial PHB companies making strides in cutting down plastic pollution and greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Algade Amadu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Shijian Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Gloria Naa Dzama Addico
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Water Research Institute (WRI), P.O. Box AH 38, Achimota Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Gabriel Komla Ameka
- Department of Botany, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG55, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Abdul-Wahab Abbew
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Dadong Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sufeng Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
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17
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Turco R, Santagata G, Corrado I, Pezzella C, Di Serio M. In vivo and Post-synthesis Strategies to Enhance the Properties of PHB-Based Materials: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:619266. [PMID: 33585417 PMCID: PMC7874203 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.619266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition toward "green" alternatives to petroleum-based plastics is driven by the need for "drop-in" replacement materials able to combine characteristics of existing plastics with biodegradability and renewability features. Promising alternatives are the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), microbial biodegradable polyesters produced by a wide range of microorganisms as carbon, energy, and redox storage material, displaying properties very close to fossil-fuel-derived polyolefins. Among PHAs, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is by far the most well-studied polymer. PHB is a thermoplastic polyester, with very narrow processability window, due to very low resistance to thermal degradation. Since the melting temperature of PHB is around 170-180°C, the processing temperature should be at least 180-190°C. The thermal degradation of PHB at these temperatures proceeds very quickly, causing a rapid decrease in its molecular weight. Moreover, due to its high crystallinity, PHB is stiff and brittle resulting in very poor mechanical properties with low extension at break, which limits its range of application. A further limit to the effective exploitation of these polymers is related to their production costs, which is mostly affected by the costs of the starting feedstocks. Since the first identification of PHB, researchers have faced these issues, and several strategies to improve the processability and reduce brittleness of this polymer have been developed. These approaches range from the in vivo synthesis of PHA copolymers, to the enhancement of post-synthesis PHB-based material performances, thus the addition of additives and plasticizers, acting on the crystallization process as well as on polymer glass transition temperature. In addition, reactive polymer blending with other bio-based polymers represents a versatile approach to modulate polymer properties while preserving its biodegradability. This review examines the state of the art of PHA processing, shedding light on the green and cost-effective tailored strategies aimed at modulating and optimizing polymer performances. Pioneering examples in this field will be examined, and prospects and challenges for their exploitation will be presented. Furthermore, since the establishment of a PHA-based industry passes through the designing of cost-competitive production processes, this review will inspect reported examples assessing this economic aspect, examining the most recent progresses toward process sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Turco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santagata
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Council of Research, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Iolanda Corrado
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pezzella
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Martino Di Serio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
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18
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Riaz S, Rhee KY, Park SJ. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Biopolymers for Biofuel and Biorefineries. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:253. [PMID: 33451137 PMCID: PMC7828617 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fossil fuels are energy recourses that fulfill most of the world's energy requirements. However, their production and use cause severe health and environmental problems including global warming and pollution. Consequently, plant and animal-based fuels (also termed as biofuels), such as biogas, biodiesel, and many others, have been introduced as alternatives to fossil fuels. Despite the advantages of biofuels, such as being renewable, environmentally friendly, easy to source, and reducing the dependency on foreign oil, there are several drawbacks of using biofuels including high cost, and other factors discussed in the fuel vs. food debate. Therefore, it is imperative to produce novel biofuels while also developing suitable manufacturing processes that ease the aforementioned problems. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are structurally diverse microbial polyesters synthesized by numerous bacteria. Moreover, this structural diversity allows PHAs to readily undergo methyl esterification and to be used as biofuels, which further extends the application value of PHAs. PHA-based biofuels are similar to biodiesel except for having a high oxygen content and no nitrogen or sulfur. In this article, we review the microbial production of PHAs, biofuel production from PHAs, parameters affecting the production of fuel from PHAs, and PHAs biorefineries. In addition, future work on the production of biofuels from PHAs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahina Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (BK PLUS), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
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19
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Mezzina MP, Manoli MT, Prieto MA, Nikel PI. Engineering Native and Synthetic Pathways in Pseudomonas putida for the Production of Tailored Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e2000165. [PMID: 33085217 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing environmental concern sparks renewed interest in the sustainable production of (bio)materials that can replace oil-derived goods. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are isotactic polymers that play a critical role in the central metabolism of producer bacteria, as they act as dynamic reservoirs of carbon and reducing equivalents. PHAs continue to attract industrial attention as a starting point toward renewable, biodegradable, biocompatible, and versatile thermoplastic and elastomeric materials. Pseudomonas species have been known for long as efficient biopolymer producers, especially for medium-chain-length PHAs. The surge of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches in recent years offers the possibility of exploiting the untapped potential of Pseudomonas cell factories for the production of tailored PHAs. In this article, an overview of the metabolic and regulatory circuits that rule PHA accumulation in Pseudomonas putida is provided, and approaches leading to the biosynthesis of novel polymers (e.g., PHAs including nonbiological chemical elements in their structures) are discussed. The potential of novel PHAs to disrupt existing and future market segments is closer to realization than ever before. The review is concluded by pinpointing challenges that currently hinder the wide adoption of bio-based PHAs, and strategies toward programmable polymer biosynthesis from alternative substrates in engineered P. putida strains are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela P Mezzina
- Systems Environmental Microbiology Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - María Tsampika Manoli
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas «Margarita Salas» (CIB-CSIC), Polymer Biotechnology Group, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Toward a Circular Economy, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - M Auxiliadora Prieto
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas «Margarita Salas» (CIB-CSIC), Polymer Biotechnology Group, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Toward a Circular Economy, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- Systems Environmental Microbiology Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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20
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Weimer A, Kohlstedt M, Volke DC, Nikel PI, Wittmann C. Industrial biotechnology of Pseudomonas putida: advances and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7745-7766. [PMID: 32789744 PMCID: PMC7447670 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can be encountered in diverse ecological habitats. This ubiquity is traced to its remarkably versatile metabolism, adapted to withstand physicochemical stress, and the capacity to thrive in harsh environments. Owing to these characteristics, there is a growing interest in this microbe for industrial use, and the corresponding research has made rapid progress in recent years. Hereby, strong drivers are the exploitation of cheap renewable feedstocks and waste streams to produce value-added chemicals and the steady progress in genetic strain engineering and systems biology understanding of this bacterium. Here, we summarize the recent advances and prospects in genetic engineering, systems and synthetic biology, and applications of P. putida as a cell factory. KEY POINTS: • Pseudomonas putida advances to a global industrial cell factory. • Novel tools enable system-wide understanding and streamlined genomic engineering. • Applications of P. putida range from bioeconomy chemicals to biosynthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Weimer
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlstedt
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniel C Volke
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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21
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Zhao F, He F, Liu X, Shi J, Liang J, Wang S, Yang C, Liu R. Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas mendocina NK-01 for enhanced production of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates with enriched content of the dominant monomer. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 154:1596-1605. [PMID: 31706817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, six genes involved in β-oxidation pathway of P. mendocina NK-01 were deleted to construct mutant strains NKU-∆β1 and NKU-∆β5. Compared with the wild strain NKU, the mcl-PHA titers of NKU-∆β5 were respectively increased by 5.58- and 4.85-fold for culturing with sodium octanoate and sodium decanoate. And the mcl-PHA titers of NKU-∆β1 was increased by 10.02-fold for culturing with dodecanoic acid. The contents of dominant monomers 3-hydroxydecanoate (3HD) and 3-hydroxydodecanoate (3HDD) of the mcl-PHA synthesized by NKU-∆β5 were obviously increased to 90.01 and 58.60 mol%, respectively. Further deletion of genes phaG and phaZ, the 3HD and 3HDD contents were further improved to 94.71 and 68.67 mol%, respectively. The highest molecular weight of mcl-PHA obtained in this study was 80.79 × 104 Da, which was higher than the previously reported mcl-PHA. With the increase of dominant monomer contents, the synthesized mcl-PHA showed better thermal properties, mechanical properties and crystallization properties. Interestingly, the cell size of NKU-∆β5 was larger than that of NKU due to the accumulation of more PHA granules. This study indicated that a systematically metabolic engineering approach for P. mendocina NK-01 could significantly improve the mcl-PHA titer, dominant monomer contents and physical properties of mcl-PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fanyang He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jingnan Liang
- Core Facility of Equipment, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Pilania G, Iverson CN, Lookman T, Marrone BL. Machine-Learning-Based Predictive Modeling of Glass Transition Temperatures: A Case of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Homopolymers and Copolymers. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:5013-5025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hanik N, Utsunomia C, Arai S, Matsumoto K, Zinn M. Influence of Unusual Co-substrates on the Biosynthesis of Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates Produced in Multistage Chemostat. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:301. [PMID: 31750296 PMCID: PMC6848797 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-stage chemostat cultivation was used to investigate the biosynthesis of functionalized medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) in the β-oxidation weakened strain of Pseudomonas putida KTQQ20. Chemostats were linked in sequence and allowed separation of biomass production in the first stage from the PHA synthesis in the second stage. Four parallel reactors in the second stage provided identical growth conditions and ensured that the only variable was the ratio of decanoic acid (C10) to an unusual PHA monomer precursor, such as 10-undecenoic acid (C11:1) or phenylvaleric acid (PhVA). Obtained PHA content was in the range of 10 to 25 wt%. When different ratios of C10 and C11:1 were fed to P. putida, the produced PHA had a slightly higher molar ratio in favor of C11:1-based 3-hydroxy-10-undecenoate. However, in case of PhVA a significantly lower incorporation of 3-hydroxy-5-phenylvalerate over 3-hydroxydecanoate took place when compared to the ratio of their precursors in the feed medium. A result that is explained by a less efficient uptake of PhVA compared to C10 and a 24% lower yield of polymer from the aromatic fatty acid ( y P H A - M P h V A = 0.25). In addition, PHA isolated from cultivations with PhVA resulted in the number average molecular weight M n ¯ two times lower than the PHA produced from C10 alone. Detection of products from PhVA metabolism in the culture supernatant showed that uptaken PhVA was not entirely converted into PHA, thus explaining the difference in the yield polymer from substrate. It was concluded that PhVA or its related metabolites increased the chain transfer rate during PHA biosynthesis in P. putida KTQQ20, resulting in a reduction of the polymer molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Hanik
- Institute of Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), Sion, Switzerland
| | - Camila Utsunomia
- Institute of Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), Sion, Switzerland
| | - Shuzo Arai
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken'ichiro Matsumoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Manfred Zinn
- Institute of Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), Sion, Switzerland
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Li M, Chen X, Che X, Zhang H, Wu LP, Du H, Chen GQ. Engineering Pseudomonas entomophila for synthesis of copolymers with defined fractions of 3-hydroxybutyrate and medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoates. Metab Eng 2018; 52:253-262. [PMID: 30582985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) composed of both short-chain-length (SCL) and medium-chain-length (MCL) monomers (SCL-co-MCL PHA) combine the advantages of high strength and elasticity provided by SCL PHA and MCL PHA, respectively. Synthesis of SCL-co-MCL PHA, namely, copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and MCL 3-hydroxyalkanoates (3HA) such as 3-hydroxydecanoate (3HD) and longer chain 3HA, has been a challenge for a long time. This study aims to engineer Pseudomonas entomophila for synthesizing P(3HB-co-MCL 3HA) via weakening its β-oxidation pathway combined with insertion of 3HB synthesis pathway consisting of β-ketothiolase (phaA) and acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (phaB). 3HB and MCL 3HA polymerization is catalyzed by a low specificity PHA synthase (phaC), namely, mutated PhaC61-3. The link between the fatty acid de novo synthesis and PHA synthesis was further blocked to increase the supply for SCL and MCL monomers in P. entomophila. The so-constructed P. entomophila was successfully used to synthesize novel PHA copolymers of P(3HB-co-3HD), P(3HB-co-3HDD) and P(3HB-co-3H9D) consisting of 3HB and 3-hydroxydecanoate (3HD), 3-hydroxydodecanoate (3HDD) and 3-hydroxy-9-decanent (3H9D), respectively. MCL 3HA compositions of P(3HB-co-3HD) and P(3HB-co-3HDD) can be adjusted from 0 to approximate 100 mol%. Results demonstrated that the engineered P. entomophila could be a platform for tailor-made P(3HB-co-MCL 3HA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangbin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuemei Che
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Nano- and Micro-Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Lin-Ping Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Hetong Du
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Nano- and Micro-Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Wang J, Ma W, Wang Y, Lin L, Wang T, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang X. Deletion of 76 genes relevant to flagella and pili formation to facilitate polyhydroxyalkanoate production in Pseudomonas putida. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10523-10539. [PMID: 30338358 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2442, a natural producer of polyhydroxyalkanoate, spends a lot of energy and carbon sources to form flagella and pili; therefore, deleting the genes involved in the biosynthesis and assembly of flagella and pili might improve PHA productivity. In this study, two novel deletion systems were constructed in order to efficiently remove the 76 genes involved in the biosynthesis and assembly of flagella and pili in P. putida KT2442. Both systems combine suicide-plasmid-based homologous recombination and mutant lox site-specific recombination and involve three plasmids. The first includes pK18mobsacB, pWJW101, and pWJW102; and the second includes pZJD29c, pDTW202, and pWJW103. These newly constructed systems were successfully used to remove different gene clusters in P. putida KT2442 and showed a high deletion efficiency (above 90%) whether for the second-round or the third-round recombination. Both systems could efficiently delete the gene PP4378 encoding flagellin in putida KT2442, resulting in the mutant strain WJPP01. The second system was used to remove the pili-forming gene cluster PP2357-PP2363 in putida KT2442, resulting in the mutant strain WJPP02, and also used to remove the flagella-forming gene cluster PP4329-PP4397 in WJPP02, resulting in the mutant strain WJPP03. Compared with the wild-type KT2442, the 1.2% genome reduction mutant WJPP03 grew faster, lacked flagella and motility, showed sharply decreased biofilm and 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP), but accumulated more polyhydroxyalkanoate. The biomass, polyhydroxyalkanoate yield, and content of WJPP03 increased 19.1, 73.4, and 45.6%, respectively, with sodium hexanoate supplementation, and also increased 11.4, 53.6, and 37.9%, respectively, with lauric acid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuzhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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26
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Gao J, Vo MT, Ramsay JA, Ramsay BA. Overproduction of MCL-PHA with high 3-hydroxydecanoate Content. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:390-400. [PMID: 29030961 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Methods of producing medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) with high content of the dominant subunit, 3-hydroxydecanoate (HD), were examined with an emphasis on a high yield of polymer from decanoic acid. High HD content was achieved by using a β-oxidation knockout mutant of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (designated as P. putida DBA-F1) or by inhibiting β-oxidation with addition of acrylic acid (Aa) to wild type P. putida KT2440 in carbon-limited, fed-batch fermentations. At a substrate feed ratio of decanoic acid and acetic acid to glucose (DAA:G) of 6:4 g/g, P. putida DBA-F1 accumulated significantly higher HD (97 mol%), but much lower biomass (8.5 g/L) and PHA (42% of dry biomass) than the wild type. Both biomass and PHA concentrations were improved by decreasing the ratio of DAA:G to 4:6. Moreover, when the substrate feed ratio was further decreased to 2:8, 18 g/L biomass containing 59% mcl-PHA consisting of 100 mol% HD was achieved. The yield of PHA from decanoic acid was 1.24 (g/g) indicating that de novo synthesis had contributed to production. Yeast extract and tryptone (YET) addition allowed the mutant strain to accumulate 74% mcl-PHA by weight with 97 mol% HD at a production rate of 0.41 g/L/hr, at least twice that of published data for any β-oxidation knock-out mutant. Higher biomass concentration was achieved with Aa inhibition of β-oxidation in the wild type but the HD content (84 mol%) was less than that of the mutant. A carbon balance showed a marked increase in supernantant organic carbon for the mutant indicating overflow metabolism. Increasing the dominant monomer content (HD) greatly increased melting point, crystallinity, and rate of crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minh T Vo
- Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juliana A Ramsay
- Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce A Ramsay
- Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Engineering bacteria for enhanced polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) biosynthesis. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2017; 2:192-197. [PMID: 29318199 PMCID: PMC5655382 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have been produced by some bacteria as bioplastics for many years. Yet their commercialization is still on the way. A few issues are related to the difficulty of PHA commercialization: namely, high cost and instabilities on molecular weights (Mw) and structures, thus instability on thermo-mechanical properties. The high cost is the result of complicated bioprocessing associated with sterilization, low conversion of carbon substrates to PHA products, and slow growth of microorganisms as well as difficulty of downstream separation. Future engineering on PHA producing microorganisms should be focused on contamination resistant bacteria especially extremophiles, developments of engineering approaches for the extremophiles, increase on carbon substrates to PHA conversion and controlling Mw of PHA. The concept proof studies could still be conducted on E. coli or Pseudomonas spp. that are easily used for molecular manipulations. In this review, we will use E. coli and halophiles as examples to show how to engineer bacteria for enhanced PHA biosynthesis and for increasing PHA competitiveness.
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28
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Mol M, Kabra R, Singh S. Genome modularity and synthetic biology: Engineering systems. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 132:43-51. [PMID: 28801037 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing projects running in various laboratories around the world has generated immense data. A systematic phylogenetic analysis of this data shows that genome complexity goes on decreasing as it evolves, due to its modular nature. This modularity can be harnessed to minimize the genome further to reduce it with the bare minimum essential genes. A reduced modular genome, can fuel progress in the area of synthetic biology by providing a ready to use plug and play chassis. Advances in gene editing technology such as the use of tailor made synthetic transcription factors will further enhance the availability of synthetic devices to be applied in the fields of environment, agriculture and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milsee Mol
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ritika Kabra
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Shailza Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India.
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29
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Recent Advances and Challenges towards Sustainable Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4020055. [PMID: 28952534 PMCID: PMC5590474 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable biofuels, biomaterials, and fine chemicals production is a critical matter that research teams around the globe are focusing on nowadays. Polyhydroxyalkanoates represent one of the biomaterials of the future due to their physicochemical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Designing efficient and economic bioprocesses, combined with the respective social and environmental benefits, has brought together scientists from different backgrounds highlighting the multidisciplinary character of such a venture. In the current review, challenges and opportunities regarding polyhydroxyalkanoate production are presented and discussed, covering key steps of their overall production process by applying pure and mixed culture biotechnology, from raw bioprocess development to downstream processing.
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30
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Mendonça TT, Tavares RR, Cespedes LG, Sánchez-Rodriguez RJ, Schripsema J, Taciro MK, Gomez JG, Silva LF. Combining molecular and bioprocess techniques to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyhexanoate) with controlled monomer composition by Burkholderia sacchari. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 98:654-663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Synthetic Biology of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 162:147-174. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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32
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Chen GQ, Jiang XR, Guo Y. Synthetic biology of microbes synthesizing polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Synth Syst Biotechnol 2016; 1:236-242. [PMID: 29062949 PMCID: PMC5625728 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have been produced as bioplastics for various purposes. Under the support of China National Basic Research 973 Project, we developed synthetic biology methods to diversify the PHA structures into homo-, random, block polymers with improved properties to better meet various application requirements. At the same time, various pathways were assembled to produce various PHA from glucose as a simple carbon source. At the end, Halomonas bacteria were reconstructed to produce PHA in changing morphology for low cost production under unsterile and continuous conditions. The synthetic biology will advance the PHA into a bio- and material industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Dept Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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33
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Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of polyesters synthesized by bacteria. Similarly to the genome, transcriptome, and proteome (the entire array of nucleic acids and proteins present in a cell or population of cells at a given time), the PHA spectrum exhibits diverse and dynamic modifications - the 'PHAome' - reflecting not only by the diversity of monomers, homopolymers, random and block copolymers, functional and graft polymers, molecular weights, and combinations of the above, but also the ranges of PHAs with various molecular weights and monomer ratios that are present at a particular timepoint in a bacterial cell. Echoing the Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) launched in 2011 to develop an infrastructure to accelerate advanced materials discovery and deployment, understanding the PHAome and ensuring an ample supply of PHAs based on it will promote the discovery of new properties and applications of this family of advanced materials.
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34
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Chen GQ, Hajnal I, Wu H, Lv L, Ye J. Engineering Biosynthesis Mechanisms for Diversifying Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 33:565-574. [PMID: 26409776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a family of diverse biopolyesters synthesized by bacteria. PHA diversity, as reflected by its monomers, homopolymers, random and block copolymers, as well as functional polymers, can now be generated by engineering the three basic synthesis pathways including the acetoacetyl-CoA pathway, in situ fatty acid synthesis, and/or β-oxidation cycles, as well as PHA synthase specificity. It is now possible to tailor the PHA structures via genome editing or process engineering. The increasing PHA diversity and maturing PHA production technology should lead to more focused research into their low-cost and/or high-value applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ivan Hajnal
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li Lv
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianwen Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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35
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Cheng J, Charles TC. Novel polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers produced in Pseudomonas putida by metagenomic polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7611-27. [PMID: 27333909 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterially produced biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with versatile properties can be achieved using different PHA synthases (PhaCs). This work aims to expand the diversity of known PhaCs via functional metagenomics and demonstrates the use of these novel enzymes in PHA production. Complementation of a PHA synthesis-deficient Pseudomonas putida strain with a soil metagenomic cosmid library retrieved 27 clones expressing either class I, class II, or unclassified PHA synthases, and many did not have close sequence matches to known PhaCs. The composition of PHA produced by these clones was dependent on both the supplied growth substrates and the nature of the PHA synthase, with various combinations of short-chain-length (SCL) and medium-chain-length (MCL) PHA. These data demonstrate the ability to isolate diverse genes for PHA synthesis by functional metagenomics and their use for the production of a variety of PHA polymer and copolymer mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujun Cheng
- Department of Biology and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Trevor C Charles
- Department of Biology and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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36
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Koller M, Rodríguez-Contreras A. Techniques for tracing PHA-producing organisms and for qualitative and quantitative analysis of intra- and extracellular PHA. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Koller
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; University of Graz; Graz Austria
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37
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Potential and Prospects of Continuous Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production. Bioengineering (Basel) 2015; 2:94-121. [PMID: 28955015 PMCID: PMC5597195 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering2020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with other so-called “bio-plastics”, Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are expected to soon replace established polymers on the plastic market. As a prerequisite, optimized process design is needed to make PHAs attractive in terms of costs and quality. Nowadays, large-scale PHA production relies on discontinuous fed-batch cultivation in huge bioreactors. Such processes presuppose numerous shortcomings such as nonproductive time for reactor revamping, irregular product quality, limited possibility for supply of certain carbon substrates, and, most of all, insufficient productivity. Therefore, single- and multistage continuous PHA biosynthesis is increasingly investigated for production of different types of microbial PHAs; this goes for rather crystalline, thermoplastic PHA homopolyesters as well as for highly flexible PHA copolyesters, and even blocky-structured PHAs consisting of alternating soft and hard segments. Apart from enhanced productivity and constant product quality, chemostat processes can be used to elucidate kinetics of cell growth and PHA formation under constant process conditions. Furthermore, continuous enrichment processes constitute a tool to isolate novel powerful PHA-producing microbial strains adapted to special environmental conditions. The article discusses challenges, potential and case studies for continuous PHA production, and shows up new strategies to further enhance such processes economically by developing unsterile open continuous processes combined with the application of inexpensive carbon feedstocks.
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38
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Prieto A, Escapa IF, Martínez V, Dinjaski N, Herencias C, de la Peña F, Tarazona N, Revelles O. A holistic view of polyhydroxyalkanoate metabolism inPseudomonas putida. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:341-57. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Auxiliadora Prieto
- Department of Environmental Biology; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Isabel F. Escapa
- Department of Environmental Biology; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez
- Department of Environmental Biology; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Nina Dinjaski
- Department of Environmental Biology; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Cristina Herencias
- Department of Environmental Biology; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Fernando de la Peña
- Department of Environmental Biology; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Natalia Tarazona
- Department of Environmental Biology; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Olga Revelles
- Department of Environmental Biology; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; Madrid 28040 Spain
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Recycling of Waste Streams of the Biotechnological Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Production byHaloferax mediterraneion Whey. INT J POLYM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/370164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For manufacturing “bioplastics” such as poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA), the combination of utilization of inexpensive carbon sources with the application of robust microbial production strains is considered a decisive step to make this process more cost-efficient and sustainable. PHA production based on surplus whey from dairy industry was accomplished by the extremely halophile archaeonHaloferax mediterranei. After fermentative production of PHA-rich biomass and the subsequent cell harvest and downstream processing for PHA recovery, environmentally hazardous, highly saline residues, namely spent fermentation broth and cell debris, remain as residues. These waste streams were used for recycling experiments to assess their recyclability in subsequent production processes. It was demonstrated that spent fermentation broth can be used to replace a considerable part of fresh saline fermentation medium in subsequent production processes. In addition, 29% of the expensive yeast extract, needed as nitrogen and phosphate source for efficient cultivation of the microorganism, can be replaced by cell debris from prior cultivations. The presented study provides strategies to combine the reduction of costs for biomediated PHA production with minimizing ecological risks by recycling precarious waste streams. Overall, the presented work shall contribute to the quick economic success of these promising biomaterials.
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Napathorn SC. Biocompatibilities and biodegradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)s produced by a model metabolic reaction-based system. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:285. [PMID: 25495195 PMCID: PMC4279891 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the biocompatibilities of random and putative block poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)s (PHBVs) produced by a metabolic reaction-based system. The produced PHBVs were fractionated, and the copolymer sequence distributions were analyzed using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The thermal properties were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Mechanical tests were conducted using a universal testing machine. The in vitro cytotoxicities of films composed of random PHBVs and putative block PHBVs were investigated against three types of mammalian cells. The surfaces of the copolymer films and the morphologies of the cells were qualitatively monitored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results Films composed of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), random PHBVs, putative block PHBVs, polystyrene and polyvinylchloride were prepared and characterized. The diad and triad sequence distributions indicated that the PHBVs produced via the fed-batch cultivation using two different feed systems resulted in two types of copolymers: random PHBVs and putative block PHBVs. The monomer compositions and sequence distributions strongly affected the thermal and mechanical properties. The mechanical integrity and characteristics of the film surfaces changed with the HV content. Notably, the random PHBVs possessed different mechanical properties than the putative block PHBVs. The biocompatibilities of these films were evaluated in vitro against three types of mammalian cells: L292 mouse connective tissue, human dermal fibroblast and Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells. None of the PHBV films exhibited cytotoxic responses to the three types of mammalian cells. Erosion of the PHA film surfaces was observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The production of transforming growth factor-β-1 and interleukin-8 was also examined with regards to the usefulness of PHB and PHBV as biomaterials for regenerative tissue. The production of IL-8, which is induced by PHB and PHBVs, may be used to improve and enhance the wound-healing process because of deficiencies of IL-8 in the wound area, particularly in problematic wounds. Conclusion Taken together, the results support the use of PHB and the random and putative block PHBVs produced in this study as potential biomaterials in tissue engineering applications for connective tissue, bone and dermal fibroblast reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Chanprateep Napathorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Wang Y, Yin J, Chen GQ. Polyhydroxyalkanoates, challenges and opportunities. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 30:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Borrero-de Acuña JM, Bielecka A, Häussler S, Schobert M, Jahn M, Wittmann C, Jahn D, Poblete-Castro I. Production of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate in metabolic flux optimized Pseudomonas putida. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:88. [PMID: 24948031 PMCID: PMC4077159 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomnas putida is a natural producer of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA), a polymeric precursor of bioplastics. A two-fold increase of mcl-PHA production via inactivation of the glucose dehydrogenase gene gcd, limiting the metabolic flux towards side products like gluconate was achieved before. Here, we investigated the overproduction of enzymes catalyzing limiting steps of mcl-PHA precursor formation. RESULTS A genome-based in silico model for P. putida KT2440 metabolism was employed to identify potential genetic targets to be engineered for the improvement of mcl-PHA production using glucose as sole carbon source. Here, overproduction of pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit AcoA in the P. putida KT2440 wild type and the Δgcd mutant strains led to an increase of PHA production. In controlled bioreactor batch fermentations PHA production was increased by 33% in the acoA overexpressing wild type and 121% in the acoA overexpressing Δgcd strain in comparison to P. putida KT2440. Overexpression of pgl-encoding 6-phosphoglucolactonase did not influence PHA production. Transcriptome analyses of engineered PHA producing P. putida in comparison to its parental strains revealed the induction of genes encoding glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. In addition, NADPH seems to be quantitatively consumed for efficient PHA synthesis, since a direct relationship between low levels of NADPH and high concentrations of the biopolymer were observed. In contrast, intracellular levels of NADH were found increased in PHA producing organisms. CONCLUSION Production of mcl-PHAs was enhanced in P. putida when grown on glucose via overproduction of a pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit (AcoA) in combination with a deletion of the glucose dehydrogenase (gcd) gene as predicted by in silico elementary flux mode analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Bielecka
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Häussler
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Max Schobert
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martina Jahn
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dieter Jahn
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ignacio Poblete-Castro
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Biosystems Engineering group, 8340176 Santiago, Chile
- Microbial Drugs group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Tamminen A, Kramer A, Labes A, Wiebe MG. Production of scopularide A in submerged culture with Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:89. [PMID: 24943257 PMCID: PMC4075624 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine organisms produce many novel compounds with useful biological activity, but are currently underexploited. Considerable research has been invested in the study of compounds from marine bacteria, and several groups have now recognised that marine fungi also produce an interesting range of compounds. During product discovery, these compounds are often produced only in non-agitated culture conditions, which are unfortunately not well suited for scaling up. A marine isolate of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, strain LF580, produces the cyclodepsipeptide scopularide A, which has previously only been produced in non-agitated cultivation. RESULTS Scopulariopsis brevicaulis LF580 produced scopularide A when grown in batch and fed-batch submerged cultures. Scopularide A was extracted primarily from the biomass, with approximately 7% being extractable from the culture supernatant. By increasing the biomass density of the cultivations, we were able to increase the volumetric production of the cultures, but it was important to avoid nitrogen limitation. Specific production also increased with increasing biomass density, leading to improvements in volumetric production up to 29-fold, compared with previous, non-agitated cultivations. Cell densities up to 36 g L-1 were achieved in 1 to 10 L bioreactors. Production of scopularide A was optimised in complex medium, but was also possible in a completely defined medium. CONCLUSIONS Scopularide A production has been transferred from a non-agitated to a stirred tank bioreactor environment with an approximately 6-fold increase in specific and 29-fold increase in volumetric production. Production of scopularide A in stirred tank bioreactors demonstrates that marine fungal compounds can be suitable for scalable production, even with the native production organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marilyn G Wiebe
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P,O, Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
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Li S, Cai L, Wu L, Zeng G, Chen J, Wu Q, Chen GQ. Microbial synthesis of functional homo-, random, and block polyhydroxyalkanoates by β-oxidation deleted Pseudomonas entomophila. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2310-9. [PMID: 24830358 DOI: 10.1021/bm500669s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) allow chemical modifications to widen PHA diversity, promising to increase values of these biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters. Among functional PHAs, unsaturated PHA site chains can be easily grafted to add chemical groups, and to cross-link with other PHA polymer chains. However, it has been very difficult to obtain structurally controllable functional homo-, random, or block PHA. For the first time, a β-oxidation deleted Pseudomonas entomophila was used to successfully synthesize random copolymers of 3-hydroxydodecanoate (3HDD) and 3-hydroxy-9-decenoate (3H9D). Compositions of the random copolymers P(3HDD-co-3H9D) can be adjusted by ratios of dodecanoic acid (DDA) to 9-decenol (9DEO) fed to the culture of P. entomophila. Homopolymer P3H9D was formed when only 9DEO was added to the culture. Diblock copolymers of P3HDD-b-P3H9D were produced by feeding DDA as the first precursor to form a P3HDD block followed by adding 9DEO as the second precursor to form a second P3H9D block. It was demonstrated that random copolymers P(3HDD-co-3H9D) could be crossed-linked under UV-radiation due to the presence of the unsaturated bonds. Thermal and mechanical characterizations of the above homo-, random, and diblock PHA polymers were conducted. It was found that the diblock polymer P3HDD-b-P3H9D increased at least 2-fold on Young's modulus compared with its random copolymers consisting of similar 3HDD/3H9D ratios. This study demonstrates that PHA functionality could be controlled to meet various requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Li
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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Meng DC, Shen R, Yao H, Chen JC, Wu Q, Chen GQ. Engineering the diversity of polyesters. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 29:24-33. [PMID: 24632193 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many bacteria have been found to produce various polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) biopolyesters. In many cases, it is not easy to control the structures of PHA including homopolymers, random copolymers and block copolymers as well as ratios of monomers in the copolymers. It has become possible to engineer bacteria for controllable synthesis of PHA with the desirable structures by creating new PHA synthesis pathways. Remarkably, the weakening of β-oxidation cycle in Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas entomophila led to controllable synthesis of all kinds of PHA structures including monomer ratios in random and/or block copolymers when fatty acids are used as PHA precursors. Introduction of functional groups into PHA polymer chains in predefined proportions has become a reality provided fatty acids containing the functional groups are taken up by the bacteria for PHA synthesis. This allows the formation of functional PHA for further grafting. The PHA diversity is further widened by the endless possibility of controllable homopolymerization, random copolymerization, block copolymerization and grafting on functional PHA site chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chuan Meng
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rui Shen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Yao
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Chun Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Mendonça T, Gomez J, Buffoni E, Sánchez Rodriguez R, Schripsema J, Lopes M, Silva L. Exploring the potential of Burkholderia sacchari
to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 116:815-29. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.T. Mendonça
- Departamento de Microbiologia; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brasil
| | - J.G.C. Gomez
- Departamento de Microbiologia; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brasil
| | - E. Buffoni
- Departamento de Microbiologia; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brasil
| | - R.J. Sánchez Rodriguez
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; Campos dos Goytacazes Brasil
| | - J. Schripsema
- Grupo Metabolômica; Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; Campos dos Goytacazes Brasil
| | - M.S.G. Lopes
- Departamento de Microbiologia; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brasil
| | - L.F. Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brasil
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Wang Q, Yang P, Xian M, Liu H, Cao Y, Yang Y, Zhao G. Production of Block Copolymer Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)- block-poly(3-hydroxypropionate) with Adjustable Structure from an Inexpensive Carbon Source. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:996-1000. [PMID: 35581867 DOI: 10.1021/mz400446g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The block copolymers poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-block-poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (P3HB-b-P3HP) with a wide range of 3HP fractions from 7.4 mol % to 75 mol % were biosynthesized from inexpensive carbon sources for the first time, differing from previously reported approaches based on sequential addition of precursors. The engineered Escherichia coli strain carried two parallel synthetic pathways modulated by independent regulatory systems to produce the 3HB and 3HP monomers, respectively. Manipulating the expression levels of 3HB and 3HP pathways resulted in biosynthesis of block copolymers P3HB-b-P3HP with varied compositions. Nuclear magnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetric studies demonstrated novel microstructure and thermal properties not available in related random copolymers and a blend of P3HB and P3HP homopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute
of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute
of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute
of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Hui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute
of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yujin Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute
of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ying Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute
of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute
of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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