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Meserszmit M, Swacha G, Pavlů L, Pavlů V, Titěra J, Jabłoński S, Łukaszewicz M, Kącki Z. Effect of mowing versus abandonment of mesic grasslands in Central Europe on biomass use for biogas production: Implications for semi-natural ecosystem conservation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122132. [PMID: 39128343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The economic management of lignocellulosic biomass from semi-natural grasslands is now a challenge across Europe. The abandonment of mowing these grasslands leads to the gradual degradation of these ecosystems. This study investigates how chemical and biological factors affect the suitability of biomass from abandoned grasslands for biogas production. We sampled 30 mown and 30 abandoned grassland sites in the Sudetes Mountains (Poland and Czechia). The cover contribution of short herbs was found to be significantly higher in mown grasslands (p < 0.001), while that of tall herbs was more prevalent in abandoned grasslands (p < 0.01). The specific biogas yield (SBY, NL kg-1 volatile solids) is negatively affected by an increased percentage of herbs in the biomass of mown and abandoned grasslands. This is due to the inhibitory effect of herbs on biodegradation, the increase in lignin content and the decrease in cellulose. This study highlights the importance of individual plant species in assessing grassland biomass for area biogas yield (ABY, m3 ha-1) and provides new insights into a field that has not yet been extensively investigated. In mown grasslands, ABY was most positively correlated with grass species (Arrhenatherum elatius, Trisetum flavescens and Festuca pratensis). In abandoned grasslands, the ABY was most correlated with herbaceous species (Galium aparine, Urtica dioica and Chaerophyllum aromaticum) and grasses (A. elatius and Elymus repens). Mown grasslands had significantly higher species richness (p < 0.001) compared to abandoned grasslands, but the number of species sampled did not correlate with SBY and ABY. This study contributes to the development of a sustainable bio-economy by highlighting the need for efficient use of grassland biomass. This approach helps protect semi-natural ecosystems and facilitates sustainable management of renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Meserszmit
- Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Swacha
- Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lenka Pavlů
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Vilém Pavlů
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic; Grassland Research Station Liberec, Crop Research Institute, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Titěra
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Sławomir Jabłoński
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Kącki
- Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Poland
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Steindl M, Dandikas V, Lichti F, Höcherl S, Koch K. The importance of inspecting the inoculum's methane production for estimating kinetic parameters in biochemical methane potential tests. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 378:128963. [PMID: 36972804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve the quality of estimations of the first-order kinetic constant k, in Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests. The results showed that existing guidelines for BMP tests are not sufficient to improve the estimation of k. The methane production of the inoculum itself exerted a major influence on the estimation of k. A flawed value in k was correlated with a high endogenous methane production. Excluding blanks that showed a distinct lag-phase of >1 day and a mean relative standard deviation >10% during the first ten days of a BMP test helped to retrieve more consistent estimates for k. For improving the repeatability in the determination of k in BMP tests, it is strongly recommended to inspect the methane production rate of the blanks. The proposed threshold values may be applied by other researchers but need further verification with different data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Steindl
- Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Am Staudengarten 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Vasilis Dandikas
- Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Am Staudengarten 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Fabian Lichti
- Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Am Staudengarten 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Susanne Höcherl
- Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Am Staudengarten 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Grabovskyi M, Kucheruk P, Pavlichenko K, Roubík H. Influence of macronutrients and micronutrients on maize hybrids for biogas production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27235-3. [PMID: 37145366 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Important in the cultivation of corn for biogas production is the selection of appropriate hybrids, macro- and micronutrient dozing and the evaluation of energy and economic efficiency of their use. Therefore, this article presents the results of 3-year field research (2019-2021) on the yield of maize hybrids of different maturity groups grown for silage. The influence of the application of macronutrients and micronutrients on fresh and dry mass yield, chemical composition, methane yield, energy, and economic efficiency was analysed. It was established that depending on the maize hybrid, the application of macro- and micro-fertilizers increased the yield of the fresh mass of maize by 1.4-24.0% compared to options without their use. The evaluation of the theoretical yield of CH4 based on the content of fats, protein, cellulose, and hemicellulose is also presented in different samples of maize. The findings show that the application of macro-and micro-fertilizers is suitable from the energy and economic points of view - profitability begins to appear at the price of biomethane of 0.3-0.4 euros per 1 m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Grabovskyi
- Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, 8/1 Soborna Sq, Bila Tserkva, Kiev, 09117, Ukraine
| | - Petro Kucheruk
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2a, Marii Kapnist Str, Kiev, 03057, Ukraine
| | - Kostantin Pavlichenko
- Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, 8/1 Soborna Sq, Bila Tserkva, Kiev, 09117, Ukraine
| | - Hynek Roubík
- Department of Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, Suchdol, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic.
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Liao B, Wang C, Li X, Man Y, Ruan H, Zhao Y. Genome-wide analysis of the Populus trichocarpa laccase gene family and functional identification of PtrLAC23. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1063813. [PMID: 36733583 PMCID: PMC9887407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1063813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biofuel is a kind of sustainable, renewable and environment friendly energy. Lignocellulose from the stems of woody plants is the main raw material for "second generation biofuels". Lignin content limits fermentation yield and is therefore a major obstacle in biofuel production. Plant laccase plays an important role in the final step of lignin formation, which provides a new strategy for us to obtain ideal biofuels by regulating the expression of laccase genes to directly gain the desired lignin content or change the composition of lignin. METHODS Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were used to classify PtrLAC genes; sequence features of PtrLACs were revealed by gene structure and motif composition analysis; gene duplication, interspecific collinearity and Ka/Ks analysis were conducted to identify ancient PtrLACs; expression levels of PtrLAC genes were measured by RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR; domain analysis combine with cis-acting elements prediction together showed the potential function of PtrLACs. Furthermore, Alphafold2 was used to simulate laccase 3D structures, proLAC23::LAC23-eGFP transgenic Populus stem transects were applied to fluorescence observation. RESULTS A comprehensive analysis of the P. trichocarpa laccase gene (PtLAC) family was performed. Some ancient PtrLAC genes such as PtrLAC25, PtrLAC19 and PtrLAC41 were identified. Gene structure and distribution of conserved motifs clearly showed sequence characteristics of each PtrLAC. Combining published RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR analysis, we revealed the expression pattern of PtrLAC gene family. Prediction results of cis-acting elements show that PtrLAC gene regulation was closely related to light. Through above analyses, we selected 5 laccases and used Alphafold2 to simulate protein 3D structures, results showed that PtrLAC23 may be closely related to the lignification. Fluorescence observation of proLAC23::LAC23-eGFP transgenic Populus stem transects and qRT-PCR results confirmed our hypothesis again. DISCUSSION In this study, we fully analyzed the Populus trichocarpa laccase gene family and identified key laccase genes related to lignification. These findings not only provide new insights into the characteristics and functions of Populus laccase, but also give a new understanding of the broad prospects of plant laccase in lignocellulosic biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Liao
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Chencan Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Man
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Ruan
- School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Weber B, Durán-García MD, Fröhlich C. Thermogravimetric substrate analysis for prediction of biogas and methane yields. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 368:128322. [PMID: 36396037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradability of biomass constituents is the reason for the gap between theoretical biogas/methane yield and the maximum yield obtainable in bioconversion. The prediction of biogas/methane yields by applying thermal analysis is a relatively new development in this field. The aim of this study was to develop a bioconversion model based on thermogravimetry. Eleven substrates with a specific biogas yield within the range 104 to 572 mLN per gram of volatile solids were subjected to thermogravimetry and a multi linear regression model was developed to predict biogas and methane yields. The optimum parameters describe biogas and methane yields with a root mean square error of 58.8 and 34.3 mLN per gram of volatile solids respectively. The coefficient of determination for these two datasets was 0.81 and 0.84. A prediction technique based on thermogravimetric analysis appears to be a good alternative to other prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Weber
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Cerro de Coatepec s/n Col. San Buenaventura, C.P. 50130 Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico.
| | - M D Durán-García
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Cerro de Coatepec s/n Col. San Buenaventura, C.P. 50130 Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - C Fröhlich
- Department of Math, Natural Science and Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences THM, Campus Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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Lymperatou A, Engelsen TK, Skiadas IV, Gavala HN. Prediction of methane yield and pretreatment efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass based on composition. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 155:302-310. [PMID: 36410147 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is considered a key resource for the future expansion of biogas production through anaerobic digestion (AD), and research on the development of pretreatment technologies for improving biomass conversion is an intensive and fast-growing field. Consequently, there is a need for creating tools able to predict the efficiency of a certain pretreatment on different biomass types, fast and accurately, and to assist in selecting a pretreatment technology for a specific biomass. In this study, seven different types of raw lignocellulosic biomass of industrial relevance were systematically analyzed regarding their composition (carbohydrates, lignin, lipids, ash, extractives, etc.) and subjected to a common pretreatment. The aim of the study was to identify the most important characteristics that make a biomass good receptor of the specific pretreatment prior to AD. A simple ammonia pretreatment was chosen as a case study and partial least squares regression (PLS-R) was used for modeling initially the ultimate methane yield of raw and pretreated biomass. In the sequel, PLS-R was used for modeling the efficiency of the pretreatment on increasing the ultimate methane yield and hydrolysis rate as a function of the biomass composition. The fit of the models was satisfactory, ranging from R2 = 0.89 to R2 = 0.97. The results showed that the most decisive characteristics for predicting the efficiency of the pretreatment were the lipid (r = -0.88), ash (r = +0.79), protein (r = -0.61), and hemicellulose/lignin (r = -0.53) content of raw biomass. Finally, the approach followed in this study facilitated an improved understanding of the mechanism of the pretreatment and presented a methodology to be followed for developing tools for the prediction of pretreatment efficiency in the field of lignocellulosic biomass valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lymperatou
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Thor K Engelsen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Ioannis V Skiadas
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Hariklia N Gavala
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
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Krungkaew S, Hülsemann B, Kingphadung K, Mahayothee B, Oechsner H, Müller J. Methane production of banana plant: Yield, kinetics and prediction models influenced by morphological parts, cultivars and ripening stages. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127640. [PMID: 35853592 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Banana trees and fruits with three ripening stages, including green, ripe, and overripe, of two cultivars, namely Nam wa and Hom were separated into different morphological parts for biogas yield determination. Specific methane yields (SMY) were significant different among banana parts (p ≤ 0.05). High non-structural carbohydrates and high non-lignocellulosic residual in substrates promoted high SMY. Pseudostem showed the highest share of energy yields among farm wastes which Nam wa cultivar provided higher energy potential than Hom. Peel presented the major energy source from fruit wastes which ripening stages did not have a significant effect on its SMY. Modified Gompertz model presented the best fit for methane production of most substrates. The SMY prediction models based on chemical constituents were developed to obtain conveniently used methane estimating tool which showed that a combination of lignin, hemicellulose, non-lignocellulosic residual, and crude fiber contents presented the highest performance for banana substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samatcha Krungkaew
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Benedikt Hülsemann
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Kanokwan Kingphadung
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand.
| | - Busarakorn Mahayothee
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Hans Oechsner
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
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Utilization of Biomasses from Landscape Conservation Growths Dominated by Common Ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.) for Biomethanization. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060813. [PMID: 35336694 PMCID: PMC8953157 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The highly toxic species common ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.) prefers to migrate into protected dry grassland biotopes and limits the use of the resulting biomass as animal feed. There is an urgent need for a safe alternative use of the contaminated biomass apart from landfill disposal. We investigated the optional utilization of biomethanization of fresh and ensiled common ragwort biomasses and evaluated their energetic potentials by estimation models based on biochemical characteristics and by standardized batch experiments. The fresh and ensiled substrates yielded 174 LN∙kg−1 oDM methane and 185 LN∙kg−1 oDM, respectively. Ensiling reduced the toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid content by 76.6%; a subsequent wet fermentation for an additional reduction is recommended. In comparison with other biomasses from landscape cultivation, ragwort biomass can be ensiled readily but has a limited energy potential if harvested at its peak flowering stage. Considering these properties and limitations, the energetic utilization is a promising option for a sustainable handling of Senecio-contaminated biomasses in landscape conservation practice and represents a safe alternative for reducing pyrrolizidine alkaloid entry into the agri-food sector.
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Conversion of Carbohydrates in Lignocellulosic Biomass after Chemical Pretreatment. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en15010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative changes taking place in biomass components actively participating in methane fermentation, i.e., in carbohydrates, as a result of chemical pretreatment. Analyses were conducted on agricultural waste (corn stover, also called corn straw, and corncobs) as materials most commonly used in methane fermentation, as well as poplar wood, a material relatively rarely used in biogas production. Pretreatment with the aim of increasing efficiency of methane fermentation was carried out with the use of acid and alkaline solutions of different concentrations. The effect of pretreatment on carbohydrates was analyzed based on the quantitative and qualitative changes in this component. Due to the structural heterogeneity of carbohydrates, their varied reactivity and fermentability were determined in terms of holocellulose, cellulose, and pentosans. The chemical structure of cellulose was also analyzed. It is shown in this study that chemical pretreatment causes transformations of carbohydrate components, which differ quantitatively and qualitatively in the compared raw materials. It was found that the alkaline treatment caused smaller changes in the percentage shares of the carbohydrate biomass components as compared to the acid treatment. Moreover, it was observed that the compared materials differ in terms of quantitative changes in their chemical composition depending on the composition of the raw material prior to pretreatment. In the case of corn waste subjected to the action of 1 and 3% NaOH, the share of pentosans in the biomass increased. It was established that this is a change with a positive effect on fermentation efficiency. The action of acids and alkalis on the biomass led to similar structural changes in cellulose, which are adverse for the fermentation process.
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Smith J, Farmer J, Smith P, Nayak D. The role of soils in provision of energy. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200180. [PMID: 34365815 PMCID: PMC8349638 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Soils have both direct and indirect impacts on available energy, but energy provision, in itself, has direct and indirect impacts on soils. Burning peats provides only approximately 0.02% of global energy supply yet emits approximately 0.7-0.8% of carbon losses from land-use change and forestry (LUCF). Bioenergy crops provide approximately 0.3% of energy supply and occupy approximately 0.2-0.6% of harvested area. Increased bioenergy demand is likely to encourage switching from forests and pastures to rotational energy cropping, resulting in soil carbon loss. However, with protective policies, incorporation of residues from energy provision could sequester approximately 0.4% of LUCF carbon losses. All organic wastes available in 2018 could provide approximately 10% of global energy supply, but at a cost to soils of approximately 5% of LUCF carbon losses; not using manures avoids soil degradation but reduces energy provision to approximately 9%. Wind farms, hydroelectric solar and geothermal schemes provide approximately 3.66% of energy supply and occupy less than approximately 0.3% of harvested area, but if sited on peatlands could result in carbon losses that exceed reductions in fossil fuel emissions. To ensure renewable energy provision does not damage our soils, comprehensive policies and management guidelines are needed that (i) avoid peats, (ii) avoid converting permanent land uses (such as perennial grassland or forestry) to energy cropping, and (iii) return residues remaining from energy conversion processes to the soil. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Smith
- School of Biological Science, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Jenny Farmer
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Pete Smith
- School of Biological Science, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Dali Nayak
- School of Biological Science, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
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Weinrich S, Nelles M. Systematic simplification of the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) - Model development and stoichiometric analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:125124. [PMID: 33910118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rigorous process models provide a reliable basis for model-based monitoring and control of anaerobic digestion plants. Due to the complex model structure and non-linear system characteristics, the established Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) is rarely applied in industrial plant operation. The present investigation proposes a systematic procedure for successive model simplification and presents the description of five model variants of a mass-based ADM1. Individual model structures greatly differ in their number of implemented process phases, characteristic components and required parameters. Simplified model variants combine nutrient degradation and biogas formation based on first-order sum reactions, whereas complex model structures describe individual degradation pathways and intermediates during acido- and acetogenesis. Characteristic features of the derived model structures as well as the stoichiometric methane potentials and microbial biomass yields of the underlying degradation pathways of individual model variations are evaluated and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Weinrich
- Biochemical Conversion Department, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Michael Nelles
- Biochemical Conversion Department, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Chair of Waste and Resource Management, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Perspectives on Bioenergy Feedstock Development in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pakistan faces challenges in both food and energy security. Indeed, extensive literature suggests that food and energy security are interdependent. While acknowledging that food security is still a primary concern for Pakistan, energy security is also a major issue. It is crucial to develop sustainable energy sources for energy production. Among sustainable sources, biomass is a promising source that can be effectively used for environmentally friendly energy production. This article addresses the energy issues and potential solutions using crop residues, non-edible energy crops, and animal and municipal solid wastes in Pakistan. The current research challenges, relevant industries, opportunities, and the future share of energy production derived from renewable and sustainable sources are emphasized with a focus on the potential of biomass energy. This article shows that Pakistan has considerable potential to develop bioenergy crops on marginal lands without compromising food security, with considerable greenhouse gas (GHG) benefits. Pakistan has vast biomass resources, including crop residues, animal waste, municipal solid waste, and forest residues, which collectively produce 230 billion tons of biomass annually. There are about 72 million bovines (cows and buffaloes), 81 million tons per year of crop biomass, and about 785 million birds in poultry farms across the country. Land that is currently non-productive could be used for energy crops, and this has the potential to produce 2500–3000 MW of energy. The utilization of waste cooking oil and fats is the most economically feasible option for obtaining biodiesel due to its easy and almost free availability in Pakistan. Systematic management is needed to collect this huge quantity of waste cooking oil and efficiently convert it to biodiesel. Similarly, molasses may be a promising source for bioethanol production. Furthermore, this study suggests that Pakistan’s energy policies need to be amended to ensure that the energy supply meets the demand. In the future, massive energy projects on biomass-based bioenergy need to be implemented in Pakistan. To achieve its bioenergy potential, Pakistan needs to develop incentive-based bioenergy technologies. Moreover, this objective can only be achieved in the country by initiating R&D projects to promote advanced biomass conversion technologies, such as biogas plants and combustion systems.
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Li P, He C, Cheng C, Jiao Y, Shen D, Yu R. Prediction of methane production from co-digestion of lignocellulosic biomass with sludge based on the major compositions of lignocellulosic biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25808-25818. [PMID: 33474669 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the simplex lattice mixture design method was adopted to design the artificial biomass with different ratios of three major components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin). The methane yield from the co-digestion of the artificial/ natural biomass (corn stover, wheat stover, rice straw, and peanut stalk) samples with the mixed sludge at the mixture ratio of 1:1 based on total solid (TS) content was recorded for 50 days. The original mathematical prediction models for estimating the cumulative methane production, maximum methane production rate, and lag phase time were established based on the experimental results from the co-digestion of artificial biomass with sludge. To investigate the influence of the structural features of biomass and interactions among the components of biomass which contributing to the inhibition of methane production, the macroscopic factor (MF) was proposed. The mathematical models which revealed the relationship between MF and the methane production parameters were developed by the combination of the prediction results from the original mathematical prediction model and experimental results from the co-digestion of natural biomass with sludge. Modification of the original mathematical prediction models was carried out by considering MF. After modification, the relative error (RE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the prediction model for cumulative methane production were declined from 19.00 to 30.18% and 42.38 mL/g VSadded to that of - 1.93~7.14% and 4.36 mL/g VSadded, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao He
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongbo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Youzhou Jiao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dekui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ran Yu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Correlations between the Composition of Liquid Fraction of Full-Scale Digestates and Process Conditions. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fast development of centralized agricultural biogas plants leads to high amounts of digestate production. The treatment and disposal of liquid fractions after on-site digestate solid–liquid separation remains problematic due to their high organic, nutrient and aromatic contents. This work aims to study the variability of the remaining compounds in the digestate liquid fractions in relation to substrate origin, process parameters and solid–liquid separation techniques. Twenty-nine digestates from full-scale codigestion biogas plants and one waste activated sludge (WAS) digestate were collected and characterized. This study highlighted the combined effect of the solid–liquid separation process and the anaerobic digestion feedstock on the characteristics of liquid fractions of digestates. Two major clusters were found: (1) liquid fractions from high efficiency separation process equipment (e.g., centrifuge and others with addition of coagulant, flocculent or polymer) and (2) liquid fractions from low efficiency separation processes (e.g., screw press, vibrating screen and rotary drum), in this latter case, the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was associated with the proportion of cow manure and energy crops at biogas plant input. Finally, SUVA254, an indicator for aromatic molecule content and the stabilization of organic matter, was associated with the hydraulic retention time (HRT).
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15
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Breeding Targets to Improve Biomass Quality in Miscanthus. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020254. [PMID: 33419100 PMCID: PMC7825460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic crops are attractive bioresources for energy and chemicals production within a sustainable, carbon circular society. Miscanthus is one of the perennial grasses that exhibits great potential as a dedicated feedstock for conversion to biobased products in integrated biorefineries. The current biorefinery strategies are primarily focused on polysaccharide valorization and require severe pretreatments to overcome the lignin barrier. The need for such pretreatments represents an economic burden and impacts the overall sustainability of the biorefinery. Hence, increasing its efficiency has been a topic of great interest. Inversely, though pretreatment will remain an essential step, there is room to reduce its severity by optimizing the biomass composition rendering it more exploitable. Extensive studies have examined the miscanthus cell wall structures in great detail, and pinpointed those components that affect biomass digestibility under various pretreatments. Although lignin content has been identified as the most important factor limiting cell wall deconstruction, the effect of polysaccharides and interaction between the different constituents play an important role as well. The natural variation that is available within different miscanthus species and increased understanding of biosynthetic cell wall pathways have specified the potential to create novel accessions with improved digestibility through breeding or genetic modification. This review discusses the contribution of the main cell wall components on biomass degradation in relation to hydrothermal, dilute acid and alkaline pretreatments. Furthermore, traits worth advancing through breeding will be discussed in light of past, present and future breeding efforts.
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16
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Ketsub N, Latif A, Kent G, Doherty WOS, O'Hara IM, Zhang Z, Kaparaju P. A systematic evaluation of biomethane production from sugarcane trash pretreated by different methods. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124137. [PMID: 32971334 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomethane production was systematically evaluated with sugarcane trash pretreated by liquid hot water (LHW), dilute acid (DA) and KOH solutions. Multiple linear regression analysis identified glucan in pretreated solid residue as well as C5 sugars and acetic acid in pretreatment hydrolysate as the key parameters affecting biomethane potentials. Moreover, biomethane production was best simulated using Chen & Hashimoto model with a predicted highest methane yield of 187 mL/g initial total solids (TS) based on LHW (130 °C for 15 min) and KOH (10% on trash, 150 °C for 60 min) pretreatments. KOH pretreatment led to a biomethane yield of 167 mL/g initial TS at day 25, 82%, 34% and 33% higher than those achieved with untreated and pretreated trash samples with optimal LHW and DA conditions, respectively. This study led to the identification of best kinetic model and pretreatment condition for biomethane production from sugarcane trash through a systematic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napong Ketsub
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Asif Latif
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, 170 Kessels Road, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Geoff Kent
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - William O S Doherty
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Ian M O'Hara
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Prasad Kaparaju
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, 170 Kessels Road, Queensland 4111, Australia
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Hu Y, Ma H, Shi C, Kobayashi T, Xu KQ. Nutrient augmentation enhances biogas production from sorghum mono-digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 119:63-71. [PMID: 33045488 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the addition of micro- (Fe, Co, Ni, and Mo) and macro-(Sulfur) nutrients on mono-digestion of sorghum under mesophilic conditions. A continuous stirred-tank reactor was operated for more than 420 days under seven different experimental conditions. The experimental results showed poor performance for methane production and process stability without nutrient supplementation. Serious deficiencies in Co and S were confirmed by nutrient analysis of dry sorghum and digestate. Nutrient augmentation efficiently enhanced methane production and volatile fatty acid (VFA) removal. Methane production reached 223 mL-CH4/g-VS, almost matching the yield predicted by biochemical methane potential (BMP) test. S was demonstrated to have a critical effect on metal availability in the digester. Consequently, to maintain stable methane fermentation, suitable supplementations of S and Co are recommended for anaerobic sorghum mono-digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Haiyuan Ma
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Chen Shi
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Takuro Kobayashi
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Kai-Qin Xu
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; Fujian Ospring Technology Development Co., Ltd., No. 22 Jinrong North Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350000, China.
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18
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Assessment of Areal Methane Yields from Energy Crops in Ukraine, Best Practices. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Growing and utilizing bioenergy crops as feeding substrates in biogas plants may aid the development of the biogas sector in Ukraine. Therefore, research was done on potential methane yields from 22 high-yield varieties of 7 different crops grown in Ukraine for their biogas production suitability. Annual crops (maize, soybean, sweet sorghum and sorghum hybrids) and perennials (miscanthus, paulownia and switchgrass) harvested at three different harvesting times (H1, H2 and H3) related to specific stages of phenological development were investigated. The perennial crops studied were from different vegetation years. The samples were analysed in Ukraine on their dry matter- and volatile solids contents, dry matter yield (DMY) and crop nitrogen (N) uptake. The 55 °C -dried samples were delivered to Germany for their analysis with the Hohenheim Biogas Yield Test (HBT) on their specific methane yield (SMY). Based on DMY and SMY, the areal methane yields (AMY) were calculated. The highest SMY and AMY were found for maize, sweet sorghum and miscanthus. The highest average SMY of 0.35 ± 0.03 m3CH4 kgVS−1 was found for maize samples harvested at H2. Miscanthus “Giganteus” from the 8th vegetation year harvested at H1 has shown the highest AMY of 7404.50 ± 199.00 m3CH4 ha−1.
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19
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Biomethane Potential Test: Influence of Inoculum and the Digestion System. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High precision of measurement of methane potential is important for the economic operation of biogas plants in the future. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) test based on the VDI 4630 protocol is the state-of-the-art method to determine the methane potential in Germany. The coefficient of variation (CV) of methane yield was >10% in several previous inter-laboratory tests. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of inoculum and the digestion system on the measurement variability. Methane yield and methane percentage of five substrates were investigated in a Hohenheim biogas yield test (D-HBT) by using five inocula, which were used several times in inter- laboratory tests. The same substrates and inocula were also tested in other digestion systems. To control the quality of the inocula, the effect of adding trace elements (TE) and the microbial community was investigated. Adding TE had no influence for the selected, well- supplied inocula and the community composition depended on the source of the inocula. The CV of the specific methane yield was <4.8% by using different inocula in one D-HBT (D-HBT1) and <12.8% by using different digestion systems compared to D-HBT1. Incubation time between 7 and 14 days resulted in a deviation in CV of <4.8%.
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20
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Pan S, Chi Y, Zhou L, Li Z, Du L, Wei Y. Evaluation of squeezing pretreatment for improving methane production from fresh banana pseudo-stems. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:900-908. [PMID: 31838410 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Banana pseudo-stems (BPS) are an abundant and low-lignin-content lignocellulosic biomass for methane production. However, the high-water content in BPS increases the transport costs, and the resistant structure of BPS hinders methane production. In this study, squeezing of BPS as a pretreatment was evaluated for improving anaerobic digestion (AD). After 20-d digestion, methane production from squeezed BPS was 204.2 ± 6.2 mL/(g volatile solids (VS) of feedstock), which was 41.2% more than that from untreated BPS. This increase was mainly attributed to the improvement of physical properties (e.g. water absorbing capacity) and the change in the resistant structure of BPS after squeezing, which promoted good contact between microbes and substrate during AD. The measured methane production was described using a modified Gompertz model and the results showed that anaerobic process would take less time and occur faster when pretreated BPS was used as the substrate. The energy produced during AD of squeezed BPS, after deducting the energy used by the squeezer, resulted in an energy surplus of 26.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyou Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yue Chi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Lang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhenchong Li
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Liqin Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yutuo Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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21
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Mächtig T, Casaretto R, Moschner CR, Born J, Holm-Nielsen JB, Hartung E. Anaerobic Biodegradability of Digestates – Influence of and Correlations for Klason lignin. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Mächtig
- Kiel UniversityInstitute of Agricultural Engineering Olshausenstrasse 40 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - René Casaretto
- Aalborg UniversityDepartment of Energy Technology Niels Bohrsvej 8 6700 Esbjerg Denmark
| | - Christian R. Moschner
- Kiel UniversityInstitute of Agricultural Engineering Olshausenstrasse 40 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Jens Born
- University of Applied Sciences Flensburg Kanzleistrasse 91–93 24943 Flensburg Germany
| | - Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen
- Aalborg UniversityDepartment of Energy Technology Niels Bohrsvej 8 6700 Esbjerg Denmark
| | - Eberhard Hartung
- Kiel UniversityInstitute of Agricultural Engineering Olshausenstrasse 40 24098 Kiel Germany
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22
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Chemical Composition and Biogas Formation potential of Sida hermaphrodita and Silphium perfoliatum. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9194016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biogas production and use is one of the pillars of the EU strategy for fossil fuels replacement via renewable energies. In Poland, the most commonly used crop for biogas production is maize. There are many factors limiting the cultivation of this crop, which is why alternative plants are sought. The aim of the present paper was to assess the effect of establishing a plantation using seeds, seedlings, and various harvest dates on biogas production from Silphium perfoliatum L. (Silphium) and from two phenotypes of Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby (Sida). Harvesting was conducted in the second (2017) and third year of crop growth (2018). These crops were harvested in June and at the beginning of October as a two-cut strategy. Additionally, Silphium was harvested in early autumn as a one-cut strategy. Specific biogas yield (SBY) and specific biomethane yield (SMY) were estimated using the modified Baserga method. The biogas yield per hectare (BY) was calculated. The crop species, method of establishing a plantation, as well as the date and the number of harvests had a significant effect on the content of the selected chemical components; however, significant differences in terms of SBY were not found for the two-cut strategy. In the case of Silphium, approximately 40% more BY was produced for the two-cut strategy compared to the one-cut strategy. The BY was found to be significantly affected by the biomass yield; markedly higher BY can be obtained from Silphium and the average amount obtained in one year was 8598 m3 ha-1 while 4759 m3 ha-1 was obtained from Sida.
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23
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Hafner SD, Astals S. Systematic error in manometric measurement of biochemical methane potential: Sources and solutions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 91:147-155. [PMID: 31203936 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work focused on identification and quantification of systematic sources of error in manometric measurement of biochemical methane potential (BMP). Error was determined by comparison to gravimetric measurements and direct measurement of leakage. One out of three types of septa leaked above 1 bar (gauge) headspace pressure, losing 25 to 30% of biogas produced. But manometric BMP showed a negative bias even in the absence of leakage. Maximum error was 24% from 160 mL bottles with 40 mL of headspace (headspace fraction of 0.25). Error decreased with increasing headspace fraction, and was small (3%) for a headspace fraction of 0.75, showing that a high headspace volume is the best approach for minimizing error. Relative error in CH4 production measurement increased with headspace pressure as well, but controlling pressure alone is not sufficient for minimizing error. Calculations showed that observed error may be due to volatilization of CH4 during venting as well as inaccurate headspace volume determination, although these sources do not completely explain the magnitude of error observed. Measurement of biogas composition before and after venting showed that CO2 volatilization can occur, but is probably a minor source of error. Calculations showed that error in estimation of ambient pressure or headspace temperature had only minor effects (<3%). Gravimetric measurements, which were unaffected by leakage and insensitive to error in estimation of headspace pressure, temperature or volume, can provide a simple check on manometric results, or a complete replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha D Hafner
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 12, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Sergi Astals
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Dahunsi SO. Mechanical pretreatment of lignocelluloses for enhanced biogas production: Methane yield prediction from biomass structural components. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 280:18-26. [PMID: 30754002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, mechanical pretreatment was applied to six different lignocelluloses in two different treatment phases and the prediction of their methane yield was done from biomass chemical composition. Physicochemical, proximate and microbial analyses were carried out on both pretreated and untreated biomass using standard methods. Mechanical pretreatments caused the breakdown of structural materials in all the used biomass which was characterized by reduction of the lagging time during anaerobic digestion and the subsequent increase in methane yield up to 22%. The different loading rate of biomass had no effect on the overall methane yield increase. Both single and multiple linear regressions models were used in order to correlate the chemical composition of the biomass with their methane potentials and a fairly high correlation (R2 = 0.63) was obtained. The study also showed that the pretreatments are economically feasible. Therefore, its further application to other biomass is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Dahunsi
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Biomass and Bioenergy Group, Environment and Technology Research Cluster, Landmark University, Nigeria.
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25
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Spence A, Blanco Madrigal E, Patil R, Bajón Fernández Y. Evaluation of anaerobic digestibility of energy crops and agricultural by-products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Sukhesh MJ, Rao PV. Anaerobic digestion of crop residues: Technological developments and environmental impact in the Indian context. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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27
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Dandikas V, Heuwinkel H, Lichti F, Drewes JE, Koch K. Predicting methane yield by linear regression models: A validation study for grassland biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:372-379. [PMID: 29929104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess and validate previously published prediction models with an independent dataset and to expose the power and limitations of linear regression models for predicting biomethane potential. Two datasets were used for the validation, one with all individual samples and one with the average values of each cultivar. The results revealed similar performances of all four models for the individual samples. The methane yields of the cultivars were predicted more accurately than the methane yields of the individual samples. The grassland specific model predicted the variation in the dataset with an R2 of 0.84 and the slope of the regression line was equal to 1.0. Linear regression models are suitable to depict the variation in methane yield and for substrate ranking. However, the prediction error of the absolute values may be high since systematic external effects cannot be determined by a regression model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Dandikas
- Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Am Staudengarten 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hauke Heuwinkel
- Department of Agriculture and Food Economy, Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Am Staudengarten 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Fabian Lichti
- Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Am Staudengarten 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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28
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Surendra KC, Ogoshi R, Reinhardt-Hanisch A, Oechsner H, Zaleski HM, Hashimoto AG, Khanal SK. Anaerobic digestion of high-yielding tropical energy crops for biomethane production: Effects of crop types, locations and plant parts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 262:194-202. [PMID: 29705611 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the composition and anaerobic digestibility of the different plant parts of two high-yielding tropical energy crops, Energycane and Napier grass, collected across three locations and two seasons. Both biomass composition and biomethane yields varied significantly with crop types, plant parts and harvest seasons. In Energycane, specific methane yield (SMY) (Nm3 (kg VSadded)-1) was higher from stems (0.232 ± 0.003) than leaves (0.224 ± 0.003), while in Napier grass, SMY was higher from leaves (0.243 ± 0.002) than stems (0.168 ± 0.002). Energycane had higher specific and total (Nm3 ha-1 year-1) methane yields (0.230 ± 0.002 and 8749 ± 494, respectively) than Napier grass (0.192 ± 0.002 and 5575 ± 494, respectively). The SMYs from biomass correlated negatively with acid detergent fiber, cellulose and lignin content in the biomass. Energycane and Napier grass had lower specific but comparable total methane yields (TMYs) with maize. The ecological, economic and environmental merits associated with perennial crops suggest they could outperform maize as a substrate for bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Surendra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Richard Ogoshi
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Annett Reinhardt-Hanisch
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Oechsner
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Halina M Zaleski
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Andrew G Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Tsapekos P, Kougias PG, Angelidaki I. Mechanical pretreatment for increased biogas production from lignocellulosic biomass; predicting the methane yield from structural plant components. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 78:903-910. [PMID: 32559985 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic substrates are associated with limited biodegradability due to the structural complexity. For that reason, a pretreatment step is mandatory for efficient biomass transformation which will lead to increased bioenergy output. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficiency of two pretreatment machines to enhance the methane yield of meadow grass. Specifically, the application of shearing forces with a rotated plastic sweeping brush against a steel roller significantly increased biomass biodegradability by 20% under relatively gentle operation conditions (600 rpm). The more intense operation (1200 rpm) was not associated with higher methane yield enhancement. Regarding an alternative machine, in which the brush was replaced with a coarse steel roller resulted in a more distinct effect (+27%) despite the lower rotating speed (∼400 rpm). Moreover, the association of the substrate's individual chemical components and the practical methane yield was assessed, establishing single and multiple linear regression models. However, the estimation accuracy was rather low with either single (regressor: lignin, R2: 0.50) or multiple linear regression analyses (regressors: arabinan-lignin-protein, R2: 0.61). Results showed that poorly lignified plant tissue containing relatively high fractions of protein and arabinan is more susceptible to anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Tsapekos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis G Kougias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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30
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Modelling and simulation of anaerobic digestion of various lignocellulosic substrates in batch reactors: Influence of lignin content and phenolic compounds II. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Edwiges T, Frare L, Mayer B, Lins L, Mi Triolo J, Flotats X, de Mendonça Costa MSS. Influence of chemical composition on biochemical methane potential of fruit and vegetable waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:618-625. [PMID: 28554802 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of chemical composition on the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of twelve different batches of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) with different compositions collected over one year. BMP ranged from 288 to 516LNCH4kgVS-1, with significant statistical differences between means, which was explained by variations in the chemical composition over time. BMP was most strongly correlated to lipid content and high calorific values. Multiple linear regression was performed to develop statistical models to more rapidly predict methane potential. Models were analysed that considered chemical compounds and that considered only high calorific value as a single parameter. The best BMP prediction was obtained using the statistical model that included lipid, protein, cellulose, lignin, and high calorific value (HCV), with R2 of 92.5%; lignin was negatively correlated to methane production. Because HCV and lipids are strongly correlated, and because HCV can be determined more rapidly than overall chemical composition, HCV may be useful for predicting BMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Edwiges
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Technology - Parana, Avenida Brasil 4232, Medianeira, Brazil; Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Parana State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069 Jardim Universitário, 85.819-110 Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Laercio Frare
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Technology - Parana, Avenida Brasil 4232, Medianeira, Brazil
| | - Bruna Mayer
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Technology - Parana, Avenida Brasil 4232, Medianeira, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lins
- International Center on Renewable Energy - Biogas, Avenida Tancredo Neves 6731, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Jin Mi Triolo
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M 5230, Denmark
| | - Xavier Flotats
- GIRO Joint Research Unit IRTA/UPC, Department of Agrifood Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona TECH, Campus Mediterreni de la Tecnologia, Building D4, E-08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Mônica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Costa
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Parana State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069 Jardim Universitário, 85.819-110 Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil.
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32
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Moeller L, Zehnsdorf A, Müller RA. Effect of Triticale Milling Coarseness on Biogas Production. CHEM-ING-TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201600111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Moeller
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Centre for Environmental Biotechnology; Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Andreas Zehnsdorf
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Centre for Environmental Biotechnology; Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Roland Arno Müller
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Centre for Environmental Biotechnology; Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
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33
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Koch K, Lippert T, Drewes JE. The role of inoculum's origin on the methane yield of different substrates in biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:457-463. [PMID: 28688329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the inoculum's origin on the methane yield in Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests was investigated. The three most commonly applied inocula were chosen, originating from (i) a digester of a wastewater treatment plant, (ii) an agricultural biogas plant treating manure and energy crops, and (iii) a biowaste treatment plant. The performance of each inoculum was tested with four different substrates, namely sewage sludge, dried whole crop maize, food waste, and microcrystalline cellulose as a typical reference material. The results revealed that the choice of inoculum had no significant impact on the specific methane yield of the tested substrates except for cellulose. Still, the specific methane production rate was significantly influenced by the choice of the inoculum especially for sewage sludge, but also for food waste and cellulose, whereas it became clear that an inoculum adapted to a substrate is beneficial for a speedy digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lippert
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
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34
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Terboven C, Ramm P, Herrmann C. Demand-driven biogas production from sugar beet silage in a novel fixed bed disc reactor under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:582-592. [PMID: 28601776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A newly developed fixed bed disc reactor (FBDR) which combines biofilm formation on biofilm carriers and reactor agitation in one single system was assessed for its applicability to demand-driven biogas production by variable feeding of sugar beet silage. Five different feeding patterns were studied at an organic loading of 4gVSL-1d-1 under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. High methane yields of 449-462LNkgVS were reached. Feeding variable punctual loadings caused immediate response with 1.2- to 3.5-fold increase in biogas production rates within 15min. Although variable feeding did not induce process instability, a temporary decrease in pH-value and methane concentration below 40% occurred. Thermophilic temperature was advantageous as it resulted in a more rapid, higher methane production and less pronounced decrease in methane content after feeding. The FBDR was demonstrated to be well-suited for flexible biogas production, but further research and comparison with traditional reactor systems are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Terboven
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Department of Bioengineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Patrice Ramm
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Department of Bioengineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christiane Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Department of Bioengineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
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35
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Pérez-Rodríguez N, García-Bernet D, Domínguez JM. Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasounds pretreatments on corn cob and vine trimming shoots for biogas production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 221:130-138. [PMID: 27639671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to their lignocellulosic nature, corn cob and vine trimming shoots (VTS) could be valorized by anaerobic digestion for biogas production. To enhance the digestibility of substrates, pretreatments of lignocellulosic materials are recommended. The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasounds pretreatments (US) and the combination of both was assayed in lignocellulosic composition, methane, and biogas yields. The pretreatments leaded to a reduction in lignin and an increase in neutral detergent soluble compounds making corn cob and VTS more amendable for biogas conversion. The US were negative for biogas production from both substrates and in particular strongly detrimental for VTS. On the opposite side, the enzymatic hydrolysis was certainly beneficial increasing 59.8% and 14.6% the methane production from VTS and corn cob, respectively. The prior application of US did not potentiate (or not sufficiently) the improvement in the methane production reflected by the enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment of VTS and corn cob.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain; Laboratory of Agro-food Biotechnology, CITI (University of Vigo)-Tecnópole, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.
| | - D García-Bernet
- Halle de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement (LBE), INRA, Parc Méditerranéen de l'Innovation, 11 100 Narbonne, France.
| | - J M Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain; Laboratory of Agro-food Biotechnology, CITI (University of Vigo)-Tecnópole, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.
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36
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Herrmann C, Idler C, Heiermann M. Biogas crops grown in energy crop rotations: Linking chemical composition and methane production characteristics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 206:23-35. [PMID: 26836846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methane production characteristics and chemical composition of 405 silages from 43 different crop species were examined using uniform laboratory methods, with the aim to characterise a wide range of crop feedstocks from energy crop rotations and to identify main parameters that influence biomass quality for biogas production. Methane formation was analysed from chopped and over 90 days ensiled crop biomass in batch anaerobic digestion tests without further pre-treatment. Lignin content of crop biomass was found to be the most significant explanatory variable for specific methane yields while the methane content and methane production rates were mainly affected by the content of nitrogen-free extracts and neutral detergent fibre, respectively. The accumulation of butyric acid and alcohols during the ensiling process had significant impact on specific methane yields and methane contents of crop silages. It is proposed that products of silage fermentation should be considered when evaluating crop silages for biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Christine Idler
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Monika Heiermann
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
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37
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Turcios AE, Weichgrebe D, Papenbrock J. Potential use of the facultative halophyte Chenopodium quinoa Willd. as substrate for biogas production cultivated with different concentrations of sodium chloride under hydroponic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 203:272-279. [PMID: 26744800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This project analyses the biogas potential of the halophyte Chenopodium quinoa Willd. In a first approach C. quinoa was grown with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 10 and 20 ppt NaCl) and the crop residues were used as substrate for biogas production. In a second approach, C. quinoa was grown with 0, 10, 20 and 30 ppt NaCl under hydroponic conditions and the fresh biomass was used as substrate. The more NaCl is in the culture medium, the higher the sodium, potassium, crude ash and hemicellulose content in the plant tissue whereas the calcium, sulfur, nitrogen and carbon content in the biomass decrease. According to this study, it is possible to produce high yields of methane using biomass of C. quinoa. The highest specific methane yields were obtained using the substrate from the plants cultivated at 10 and 20 ppt NaCl in both experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel E Turcios
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuserstr. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany; Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Dirk Weichgrebe
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstr. 9a, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jutta Papenbrock
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuserstr. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
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38
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Schnürer A. Biogas Production: Microbiology and Technology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 156:195-234. [PMID: 27432246 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biogas, containing energy-rich methane, is produced by microbial decomposition of organic material under anaerobic conditions. Under controlled conditions, this process can be used for the production of energy and a nutrient-rich residue suitable for use as a fertilising agent. The biogas can be used for production of heat, electricity or vehicle fuel. Different substrates can be used in the process and, depending on substrate character, various reactor technologies are available. The microbiological process leading to methane production is complex and involves many different types of microorganisms, often operating in close relationships because of the limited amount of energy available for growth. The microbial community structure is shaped by the incoming material, but also by operating parameters such as process temperature. Factors leading to an imbalance in the microbial community can result in process instability or even complete process failure. To ensure stable operation, different key parameters, such as levels of degradation intermediates and gas quality, are often monitored. Despite the fact that the anaerobic digestion process has long been used for industrial production of biogas, many questions need still to be resolved to achieve optimal management and gas yields and to exploit the great energy and nutrient potential available in waste material. This chapter discusses the different aspects that need to be taken into consideration to achieve optimal degradation and gas production, with particular focus on operation management and microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schnürer
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 7025, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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39
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Protocol for Start-Up and Operation of CSTR Biogas Processes. SPRINGER PROTOCOLS HANDBOOKS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/8623_2016_214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Wang J, Feng J, Jia W, Chang S, Li S, Li Y. Lignin engineering through laccase modification: a promising field for energy plant improvement. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:145. [PMID: 26379777 PMCID: PMC4570640 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Laccase (p-diphenol:dioxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.2) is a member of the multicopper oxidases and catalyzes the one-electron oxidation of a wide range of substrates, coupled with the reduction of oxygen to water. It is widely distributed in bacteria, fungi, plants and insects. Laccases are encoded by multigene family, and have been characterized mostly from fungi till now, with abundant industrial applications in pulp and paper, textile, food industries, organic synthesis, bioremediation and nanobiotechnology, while limited researches have been performed in plants, and no application has been reported. Plant laccases share the common molecular architecture and reaction mechanism with fungal ones, despite of difference in redox potential and pH optima. Plant laccases are implicated in lignin biosynthesis since genetic evidence was derived from the Arabidopsis LAC4 and LAC17. Manipulation of plant laccases has been considered as a promising and innovative strategy in plant biomass engineering for desirable lignin content and/or composition, since lignin is the major recalcitrant component to saccharification in biofuel production from lignocellulose, and therefore directly limits the fermentation yields. Moreover, plant laccases have been reported to be involved in wound healing, maintenance of cell wall structure and integrity, and plant responses to environmental stresses. Here, we summarize the properties and functions of plant laccase, and discuss the potential of biotechnological application, thus providing a new insight into plant laccase, an old enzyme with a promising beginning in lignocellulose biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Wang
- />Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- />Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Weitao Jia
- />Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Sandra Chang
- />Beijing Engineering Research Center for Biofuels, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- />Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Shizhong Li
- />Beijing Engineering Research Center for Biofuels, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- />Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Yinxin Li
- />Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
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41
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Schroyen M, Vervaeren H, Vandepitte H, Van Hulle SWH, Raes K. Effect of enzymatic pretreatment of various lignocellulosic substrates on production of phenolic compounds and biomethane potential. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 192:696-702. [PMID: 26094196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is necessary to enhance the hydrolysis, which is the rate-limiting step in biogas production. Laccase and versatile peroxidase are enzymes known to degrade lignin. Therefore, the impact of enzymatic pretreatment was studied on a variety of biomass. A significant higher release in total phenolic compounds (TPC) was observed, never reaching the inhibiting values for anaerobic digestion. The initial concentration of TPC was higher in the substrates containing more lignin, miscanthus and willow. The anaerobic digestion of these two substrates resulted in a significant lower biomethane production (68.8-141.7 Nl/kg VS). Other substrates, corn stover, flax, wheat straw and hemp reached higher biomethane potential values (BMP), between 241 and 288 Nl/kg VS. Ensilaged maize reached 449 Nl/kg VS, due to the ensilation process, which can be seen as a biological and acid pretreatment. A significant relation (R(2) = 0.89) was found between lignin content and BMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Schroyen
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Han Vervaeren
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vandepitte
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium.
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