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Wang K, Xu J, Guo H, Min Z, Wei Q, Chen P, Sleutel S. Reuse of straw in the form of hydrochar: Balancing the carbon budget and rice production under different irrigation management. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 189:77-87. [PMID: 39180805 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Hydrochar is proposed as a climate-friendly organic fertilizer, but its potential impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in paddy cultivation is not fully understood. This two-year study compared the impact of exogenous organic carbon (EOC) application (rice straw and hydrochar) on GHG emissions, the net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB), net global warming potential (net GWP), and GHG emission intensity (GHGI) in a rice pot experiment using either flooding irrigation (FI) or controlled irrigation (CI). Compared with FI, CI increased ecosystem respiration by 23 - 44 % and N2O emissions by 85 - 137 % but decreased CH4 emissions by 30 - 58 % (p < 0.05). Since CH4 contributed more to net GWP than N2O, CI reduced net GWP by 16 - 220 %. EOC amendment increased crop yield by 5 - 9 % (p < 0.05). Compared with CK, hydrochar application increased initial GHG emission, net GWP and GHGI in the first year, while in the second year, there was no significant difference in net GWP and GHGI between CI-hydrochar and CK. Compared with straw addition, hydrochar amendment reduced net GWP and GHGI by 20 - 66 % and 21 - 66 %; and exhibited a lower net CO2 emission when considering the energy input during the hydrochar production. These findings suggest that integrated CI-hydrochar practices would be a sustainable and eco-friendly way for organic waste management in rice production as it holds potential to enhance the NECB and SOC sequestration of rice production, while also offsetting the extra carbon emissions from organic inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechun Wang
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil - Water Efficient Utilization Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Junzeng Xu
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil - Water Efficient Utilization Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Hang Guo
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil - Water Efficient Utilization Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhihui Min
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil - Water Efficient Utilization Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qi Wei
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil - Water Efficient Utilization Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil - Water Efficient Utilization Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Steven Sleutel
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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Gholizadeh M, Meca S, Zhang S, Clarens F, Hu X. Understanding the dependence of biochar properties on different types of biomass. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 182:142-163. [PMID: 38653043 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the diversity of biomasses and many variables in pyrolysis process, the property of biochar from varied biomass feedstock or even same biomass could differ significantly. Since the property of biochar governs the further application of biochar, this review paid particular attention to the correlation between the nature of biomass feedstock and the specifications of biochar in terms of yield, elemental composition, pH, functionalities, heating value, pore structures, morphologies, etc. The property of the biochar from the pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, woody biomass (pine, mallee, poplar, acacia, oak, eucalyptus and beech), bark of woody biomass, leaves of woody biomass, straw, algae, fruit peels, tea waste was compared and summarized. In addition, the differences of the biochar of these varied origins were also analyzed. The remaining questions, about the correlation of biomass nature with biochar characteristics, to be further investigated are analyzed in detail. The deduced information about the relationship of the nature of biochar and biomass feedstock as well as key pyrolysis parameters is of importance for further development of the methods for tailoring or production of the biochar of desirable properties. The results from this study could be interesting technically and commercially for the technology developer using biochar as the source of carbon in different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mortaza Gholizadeh
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Waste, Energy and Environmental Impact Unit, Plaça de la Ciència, 2, 08243 Manresa, Spain
| | - Sandra Meca
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Waste, Energy and Environmental Impact Unit, Plaça de la Ciència, 2, 08243 Manresa, Spain
| | - Shu Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Frederic Clarens
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Waste, Energy and Environmental Impact Unit, Plaça de la Ciència, 2, 08243 Manresa, Spain
| | - Xun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Zhang Q, Zou D, Zeng X, Yang Y, Zeng C, Li M, Fu Z, Zeng Q. Bioleaching of Cd from contaminated Helianthus annuus L. stalk and the safe utilization of its byproducts by Aspergillus niger. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118714. [PMID: 38518916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Disposal and recycling of heavy metal-enriched biomass is the key to measure the success of phytoremediation. This study employed innovative approach to use Aspergillus niger (A. niger) for the treatment of Cd-contaminated Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) stalk after phytoremediation. Single-factor results showed that the removal of Cd at an initial pH of 3 was superior to sucrose and inoculation amount. 67.67% of Cd was removed by A. niger leaching system after 11 days based on response surface methodology optimum conditions (sucrose: 76.266 g L-1; inoculation amount: 10%; initial pH: 3), while the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P and K) of sunflower stalk were unaffected. While physicochemical pretreatment effectively enhanced the bioleaching efficiency, it also resulted in significant loss of P and K elements, thereby reducing the value of biomass for recycling and utilization. Therefore, the direct A. niger leaching method without pretreatment is more advantageous for the safe treatment and recycling of Cd-contaminated sunflower stalks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuguo Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Xinyi Zeng
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, 343009, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
| | - Chunyang Zeng
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Law School, Dianchi College of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, PR China
| | - Mingming Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Zhaolong Fu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Qingru Zeng
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China
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Cabrera-Villamizar LA, Ebrahimi M, Martínez-Abad A, Talens-Perales D, López-Rubio A, Fabra MJ. Order matters: Methods for extracting cellulose from rice straw by coupling alkaline, ozone and enzymatic treatments. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121746. [PMID: 38220332 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Rice straw is a widely produced residue that can be converted into value-added products. This work aimed at using greener processes combining mild alkali (A), ozone (O) and enzymatic (engineered xylanase) (E) treatments to extract cellulose and other value-added compounds from rice straw and to evaluate the effects of the order of the treatments. Solid (S) and liquid (L) fractions from the process were collected for physicochemical characterization. AOE treatment showed the best capacity to extract high purity cellulose and other valuable compounds. The lignin content was significantly decreased independently of the order of the treatments and, its content in the extract obtained after the AOE process was lower than the one obtained after the OAE process. Moreover, thermal stability of the samples increased after the enzymatic process, being higher in SAOE. The alkaline treatment increased the hemicellulose and polyphenol content (antioxidant activity) in the liquid fractions (LA and LOA). In contrast, the ozonized liquid fractions had lower polyphenol content. Therefore, alkali was fundamental in the process. In conclusion, the AOE strategy could be a more environmentally friendly method for extracting cellulose and other valuable compounds, which could be used to develop active materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andrea Cabrera-Villamizar
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mahrokh Ebrahimi
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain; Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais Cédex, France.
| | - Antonio Martínez-Abad
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast), CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Talens-Perales
- Food Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Amparo López-Rubio
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast), CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María José Fabra
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast), CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Wang Y, Wen J, Li S, Li J, Yu H, Li Y, Ren X, Wang L, Tang J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Peng L. Upgrading pectin methylation for consistently enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification and cadmium phytoremediation in rice Ospmes site-mutants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130137. [PMID: 38354940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Crop straws provide enormous biomass residues applicable for biofuel production and trace metal phytoremediation. However, as lignocellulose recalcitrance determines a costly process with potential secondary waste liberation, genetic modification of plant cell walls is deemed as a promising solution. Although pectin methylation plays an important role for plant cell wall construction and integrity, little is known about its regulation roles on lignocellulose hydrolysis and trace metal elimination. In this study, we initially performed a typical CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing for site mutations of OsPME31, OsPME34 and OsPME79 in rice, and then determined significantly upgraded pectin methylation degrees in the young seedlings of three distinct site-mutants compared to their wild type. We then examined distinctively improved lignocellulose recalcitrance in three mutants including reduced cellulose levels, crystallinity and polymerization or raised hemicellulose deposition and cellulose accessibility, which led to specifically enlarged biomass porosity either for consistently enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification under mild alkali pretreatments or for cadmium (Cd) accumulation up to 2.4-fold. Therefore, this study proposed a novel model to elucidate how pectin methylation could play a unique enhancement role for both lignocellulose enzymatic hydrolysis and Cd phytoremediation, providing insights into precise pectin modification for effective biomass utilization and efficient trace metal exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaxue Wen
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sufang Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunong Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xifeng Ren
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention & Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhongqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention & Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Kyawt YY, Aung M, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Li Y, Sun Z, Zhu W, Cheng Y. Methane production and lignocellulosic degradation of wastes from rice, corn and sugarcane by natural anaerobic fungi-methanogens co-culture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:109. [PMID: 38411737 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Biomass from agriculture, forestry, and urban wastes is a potential renewable organic resource for energy generation. Many investigations have demonstrated that anaerobic fungi and methanogens could be co-cultured to degrade lignocellulose for methane generation. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of natural anaerobic fungi-methanogens co-culture on the methane production and lignocellulosic degradation of wastes from rice, corn and sugarcane. Hu sheep rumen digesta was used to develop a natural anaerobic fungi-methanogen co-culture. The substrates were rice straw (RS), rich husk (RH), corn stover (CS), corn cobs (CC), and sugarcane baggage (SB). Production of total gas and methane, metabolization rate of reducing sugar, glucose, and xylose, digestibility of hemicellulose and cellulose, activity of carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase, and concentrations of total acid and acetate were highest (P < 0.05) in CC, moderate (P < 0.05) in RS and CS, and lowest (P < 0.05) in SB and RH. The pH, lactate and ethanol were lowest (P < 0.05) in CC, moderate (P < 0.05) in RS and CS, and lowest (P < 0.05) SB and RH. Formate was lowest (P < 0.05) in CC, RS and CS, moderate (P < 0.05) in SB, and lowest (P < 0.05) in RH. Therefore, this study indicated that the potential of methane production and lignocellulosic degradation by natural anaerobic fungi-methanogens co-culture were highest in CC, moderate in RS and CS, and lowest in SB and RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yin Kyawt
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Science, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Min Aung
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Science, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Yao Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yaqi Zhou
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhanying Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Liao Y, Awan MI, Aamer M, Liu J, Liu J, Hu B, Gao Z, Zhu B, Yao F, Cheng C. Evaluating short-term effects of rice straw management on carbon fractions, composition and stability of soil aggregates in an acidic red soil with a vegetable planting history. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23724. [PMID: 38192853 PMCID: PMC10772201 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Red soils are characterised by acidic pH and limitations in carbon, nitrogen, water, and soil structure. To overcome such limitations, improved soil aggregation is the key to improving the physical and chemical properties of soil. Applying organic amendments such as straw can lead to corresponding soil aggregation and stability changes. Therefore, we explored the short-term effects of rice straw amendment, either alone or in combination with biochar, on improving the carbon fractions, stability, and composition of soil aggregates in red soil with a history of vegetable planting. The study consisted of four treatments: control (no organic material, CK), biochar alone (5% homemade straw biochar, B), straw alone (12% rice straw, S), and biochar with straw (5% homemade straw biochar + 12% rice straw, BS). Our results showed that equal amounts of straw and biochar substantially reduced the number of mechanically stable aggregates (MSA), mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the soil. BS treatment reduced >0.25 mm aggregate content (R0.25), MWD and GMD by 24.06%, 56.81%, and 62.19%, respectively, compared with that of the control. The addition of straw greatly enhanced the water-stable macromolecular content and stability coefficient of the soil, but treatment B had no obvious effect. The S treatment had the greatest effect on R0.25, MWD and GMD, increasing them by 143.94%, 246.67%, and 181.82%, respectively, compared with that of the control. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was significantly increased by straw addition and carbonisation treatment, and the effect of the BS treatment was the best, with an increase of 325.63% compared with that of the control. The organic carbon content in the aggregates of different particle sizes treated with different organic materials also increased significantly. In the soil reactive organic carbon fraction, applying biochar alone did not affect microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), or easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC) but could increase the particulate organic carbon (POC) content. All the treatments with straw application significantly increased the MBC, DOC, EOC, and POC content, and the highest effect was obtained by applying both straw and biochar in an integrated form, i.e., the BS treatment. In conclusion, the co-application of biochar and straw sequestered more carbon and revamped soil C pools than either biochar or straw alone and could be a promising option for the sustainable use of red soils to ameliorate the aforementioned limitations associated with this soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Liao
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Masood Iqbal Awan
- Department of Agronomy, Sub-Campus Depalpur-Okara, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, China
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub Campus Depalpur-Okara, Pakistan
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Bei Hu
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Fengxian Yao
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Life Sciences College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
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8
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Sun Y, Sun Q, Tang Y, Li Q, Tian C, Sun H. Integrated microbiology and metabolomic analysis reveal the improvement of rice straw silage quality by inoculation of Lactobacillus brevis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:184. [PMID: 38017535 PMCID: PMC10685638 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ensiling technology holds promise for preserving and providing high-quality forage. However, the preservation of rice straw poses challenges due to its high lignocellulosic content and low water-soluble carbohydrate levels. Developing highly effective lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for rice straw silage remains a priority. RESULTS This study evaluated the impact of three LAB strains, Lactobacillus brevis R33 (Lac33), L. buchneri R17 (Lac17), and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (Leu), on the fermentation quality of rice straw silage. Rice straw silage inoculated with Lac33 alone or in combination with other strains exhibited significantly lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (66.5% vs. 72.3%) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (42.1% vs. 47%) contents, along with higher lactic acid (19.4 g/kg vs. not detected) and propionic acid (2.09 g/kg vs. 1.54 g/kg) contents compared to control silage. Bacterial community analysis revealed Lactobacillus dominance (> 80%) and suppression of unwanted Enterobacter and Clostridium. Metabolomic analysis highlighted increased carbohydrates and essential amino acids, indicating improved nutrient values in Lac33-inoculated rice straw silage and a potential explanation for Lac33 dominance. CONCLUSIONS This research identified a highly efficient LAB candidate for rice straw silage, advancing our comprehension of fermentation from integrated microbiology and metabolomic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Qinglong Sun
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yunmeng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chunjie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
| | - Haixia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
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9
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Zhang W, Xu X, Yuan Y, Wang Z. Sustainable application of rice-waste for fuels and valuable chemicals-a mini review. Front Chem 2023; 11:1225073. [PMID: 37927567 PMCID: PMC10620727 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1225073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global annual production of rice is over 750 million tons, and generates a huge amount of biomass waste, such as straw, husk, and bran, making rice waste an ideal feedstock for biomass conversion industries. This review focuses on the current progress in the transformation of rice waste into valuable products, including biochar, (liquid and gaseous) biofuels, valuable chemicals (sugars, furan derivatives, organic acids, and aromatic hydrocarbons), and carbon/silicon-based catalysts and catalyst supports. The challenges and future prospectives are highlighted to guide future studies in rice waste valorization for sustainable production of fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Yuan
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zichun Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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10
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Liao B, Cai T, Wu X, Luo Y, Liao P, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Wei G, Hu R, Luo Y, Cui Y. A combination of organic fertilizers partially substitution with alternate wet and dry irrigation could further reduce greenhouse gases emission in rice field. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118372. [PMID: 37343474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Alternate wet and dry (AWD) irrigation and organic fertilizers substitution (OFS) have contrasting effects on CH4 and N2O emissions in rice cultivation. Combining these two practices may be feasible for simultaneous reduction of CH4 and N2O emission from paddy. Hence, we conducted a two-year field experiment to explore the reduction of greenhouse gases under the combination of AWD and OFS. The field experiment which was designed with two irrigation methods (continuous flooding (CF) irrigation and AWD irrigation), and five nitrogen regimes (N0, N135, and N180 represent 0, 135, and 180 kg N ha-1, respectively, ON25 and ON50 represent 25% and 50% OFS for inorganic fertilizer, respectively). The results showed a single-peak emission for CH4 fluxes during the whole rice growing season in all water and nitrogen treatments while the N2O fluxes peak only observed during tillering period with AWD irrigation. AWD irrigation and OFS showed a limited reduction in global warming potential (GWP). These were owing to that AWD irrigation reduced 38.3% CH4 emissions while increase 145.9% N2O emissions when compared to CF irrigation, and the low rate (25%) OFS only reduced CH4 emission by 29.4% while high rate (50%) only reduce N2O emission by 38.8% when compared to conventional inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (N180). Combined AWD and ON25 could maximize the reduction in GWP and yield-scaled GWP, which were reduce 58.0% and 52.5%, respectively, compare to the conventional water and nitrogen management (CF and N180). Furthermore, the structural equation modelling (SEM) indicated that the soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and rice aboveground biomass showed a significant positive effect on CH4 fluxes while soil NH4+ with a negative effect, and the soil NH4+, nitrification potential, denitrification potential significant affected N2O fluxes with a positive effect while DOC with a negative effect. These results investigated that 25% OFS rate for inorganic fertilizer could further reduce warming potential in AWD irrigation rice field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Tianchi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ping Liao
- Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Bochao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Guangfei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanlai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
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11
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Dey P, Chakrabortty S, Haldar D, Rangarajan V, Ashok S. On-site enriched production of cellulase enzyme using rice straw waste and its hydrolytic performance evaluation through systematic dynamic modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:36710-36727. [PMID: 36562976 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The application of on-site produced cellulolytic enzymes in place of commercial enzymes towards hydrolytic preparations of reducing sugars using inexpensive lignocellulosic wastes is considered the most efficient strategy to accomplish a cost-effective biofuel production process. Along with improved production, intrinsic and systematic performance evaluation of the produced enzyme during the hydrolysis process through kinetic intervention remains a crucial requirement for achieving the improved performance of the process. With this motivation, the present study primarily deals with the nutritionally optimized production strategy of cellulases from rice straw (RS) waste using Trichoderma reesei (MTCC 164). The highest cellulase production was obtained 8.09 ± 0.32 g/l in batch mode at optimized combinations of 3.5% (w/v) RS inducer, 3.0% (w/v) lactose, and 1.5% (w/v) peptone. Production was further improved through pH-regulated (pH 5.5 to 6.5) fed-batch fermentations. The enzyme produced at pH 6 was considered for hydrolysis studies at 4 to 10% (w/w) solid loading due to reasonable exoglucanase, endoglucanase, and maximum β-glucosidase activity levels of 9.3 U/ml, 3.87 U/ml, and 2.65 U/ml respectively. Multi-reaction systematic kinetic modeling was implemented to evaluate enzyme performance during hydrolysis, and the values of inhibitory kinetic parameters (K2r = 7.1 < K1r = 18.5 < K3r = 276.6) suggested that sequential conversion of cellulose to glucose by existing enzyme components was more dominant over direct conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India.
| | - Sankha Chakrabortty
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India
| | - Vivek Rangarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BITS Pilani, KK Birla Goa Campus, Pilani, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Sowmya Ashok
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India
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12
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Yuan J, Zhang H, Zhao H, Ren H, Zhai H. Study on Dissociation and Chemical Structural Characteristics of Areca Nut Husk. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031513. [PMID: 36771179 PMCID: PMC9919904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
From the perspective of full-component utilization of woody fiber biomass resources, areca nut husk is an excellent woody fiber biomass feedstock because of its fast regeneration, significant regeneration ability, sustainability, low cost, and easy availability. In this study, fiber cell morphologies, chemical compositions, lignin structures, and carbohydrate contents of areca nut husks were analyzed and compared with those of rice straw, and the application potentials of these two materials as biomass resources were compared. We found that areca nut husk fibers were shorter and wider than those of rice straw; areca nut husk contained more lignin and less ash, as well as less holocellulose than rice straw; areca nut husk and rice straw lignin were obtained by ball milling and phase separation, and areca nut husk lignin was found to be a typical GHS-type lignin. Herein, the yield of lignocresol was higher than that of milled wood lignin for both raw materials, and the molecular size was more homogeneous. Tricin structural monomers were discovered in the lignin of areca nut husk, similar to those present in other types of herbaceous plants. Structures of areca nut husk MWL (AHMWL) and AHLC were comprehensively characterized by quantitative NMR techniques (that is, 1H NMR, 31P NMR, and 2D NMR). The molecular structure of AHLC was found to be closer to the linear structure with more functional groups exposed on the molecular surface, and the hydroxyl-rich p-cresol grafting structure was successfully introduced into the lignin structure. In addition, the carbohydrate content in the aqueous layer of the phase separation system was close to the carbohydrate content in the raw material, indicating that the phase separation method can precisely separate lignin from carbohydrates. These experimental results indicate that the phase separation method as a method for lignin utilization and structure study has outstanding advantages in lignin structure regulation and yield, and areca nut husk lignin is suitable for application in the same phase separation systems as short-period herbs, such as rice straw and wheat grass, and has the advantages of low ash content and high lignification degree, which will provide guidance for the high-value utilization of areca nut husk in the future.
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13
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Zhang Q, Dai C, Tan X, He X, Zhang K, Xu X, Zhuang X. Biphasic fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass based on the combined action of pretreatment severity and solvent effects on delignification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128477. [PMID: 36509300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel method based on pretreatment severity and solvent effects on delignification, was introduced to pretreat and fractionate lignocellulose in a 2-phenoxyethanol (EPH) biphasic solvent system. The combined severity factor (CSF) was used to regulate pretreatment severity, and the relative energy difference (RED) of solvent system to lignin was used to evaluate solvent effects. The combined action of pretreatment severity and solvent effects on delignification was first investigated by the response surface regression analysis on the pretreatment of Amorpha. Accordingly, pretreatment and fractionation of Amorpha, poplar and corn straw were then conducted under the optimized conditions. Results showed that >99 % lignin was removed after pretreatment with CSF 3.7845 in a solvent system with RED 0.9371, and 42.94 %, 39.41 % and 70.90 % lignin from Amorpha, poplar and corn straw were respectively regenerated from organosolv liquor after fractionation. Finally, the regenerated products were characterized by FTIR, TG and GPC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Chenxing Dai
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Xuesong Tan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiaojun He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Xia Xu
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Xinshu Zhuang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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14
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A A, Kumar Sampath M. Optimization of alkali, acid and organic solvent pretreatment on rice husk and its techno economic analysis for efficient sugar production. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:279-287. [PMID: 35635302 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2078982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Excessive use of fossil fuels has accelerated climate change and global warming necessitates the need for renewable energy sources that have a lower environmental impact. In the recent decade, lignocellulosic biomass has become a prominent alternative to renewable energy resources for the production of bioenergy. The pretreatment procedure is considered a pivotal step for transforming biomass into value-added products such as sugars, biofuels, etc. Therefore, the present work aims to study the effect of different pretreatment approaches on rice husk with acids (H2SO4 and HCl), alkalis (NaOH and KOH), and organic solvents (ethanol and methanol) utilizing different concentrations like (2, 4 and 6% in case of acids), (2,4 and 6% for alkalis) and (50% and 70% for organic solvents) with different residence time (1, 3, 6, and 24 h). The most effective results obtained from the aforementioned steps were further adopted for enzymatic hydrolysis. Further, the changes in structural properties of biomass were assessed in relation to the pretreatment process employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses. This paper also highlights the techno-economic analysis of alkali pretreatment. Additionally, the operational targets for the process were identified by using a modeling software-SuperPro Designer. Results obtained from the study showed a maximum yield of reducing sugar i.e., 1.906 ± 0.2 mg/ml (4% NaOH with 6 h of incubation). This study demonstrates that 4% NaOH pretreatment effectively disintegrates the biomass and yields high sugar recovery which can be used further for the production of biofuels and value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha A
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Muthu Kumar Sampath
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
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15
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Rajput A, Gupta S, Bansal A. A review on recent eco-friendly strategies to utilize rice straw in construction industry: pathways from bane to boon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:11272-11301. [PMID: 36520288 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the growing demand, a large amount of paddy has been harvested by growers leaving behind the stubble (left over rice straw), which is being a big burden on the farmers for its management. For the easy access, the burning of stubble has been opted which in turn results in the deterioration of the environment. To mitigate this problem, rice straw utilization strategies should be opted. Therefore, in this review article, the strategies of utilizing rice straw in fiber or ash form to manufacture construction materials have been summarized. The manuscript also considers the method of productions, variability in raw materials, and various mechanical/physical properties of construction materials targeted. Further, the financial aspects related to utilization of rice straw and rice straw ash are also encoded at last. This review will be helpful to expedite the research in this field and may also be used for startups related to various product development using straw in the local areas, which may depreciate the burning of straw in the field and its environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rajput
- RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Mandi Gobindgarh, 147301, Punjab, India.
| | - Suneha Gupta
- RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Mandi Gobindgarh, 147301, Punjab, India
| | - Anuj Bansal
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, 148106, Punjab, India
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16
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Xia Y, Lin X. Efficient biodegradation of straw and persistent organic pollutants by a novel strategy using recombinant Trichoderma reesei. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:91. [PMID: 38647641 PMCID: PMC10992801 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient biodegradation of lignocellulosic biomass needs a battery of enzymes targeting cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In this study, recombinant Trichoderma reesei ZJ-09 with Pycnoporus sanguineus laccase gene was used to degrade rice straw by in situ production of laccase, xylanase, and cellulases under solid-state fermentation (SSF). Effects of parameters on key enzymes (cellulase, xylanase, and laccase) in biodegradation during SSF were investigated. Under the optimized SSF conditions, the FPA, xylanase activity, and laccase activity reached 110.47 FPU/g, 5787.59 IU/g, and 24.45 IU/g, respectively, on day 12. The obtained recombinant T. reesei SSF system achieved efficient degradation of rice straw with the final mass loss up to 51.16% which was 1.4-fold higher than the host strain. Further, bioconversion of rice straw into a novel laccase-enriched koji for persistent organic pollutants bioremediation (LKPB) was conducted by the optimized SSF system. LKPB was found to degrade persistent organic pollutants (POPs) effectively without the addition of mediators. 4-h removal rates of three POPs mediated by LKPB (87.21% for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 92.45% for nonylphenol, and 90.73% for oxytetracycline) were comparable to those achieved by laccase-co-mediator system. The newly established recombinant T. reesei SSF system could be potential to effectively degrade lignocellulosic wastes as well as organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinda Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Thomas CM, Kumar D, Scheel RA, Ramarao B, Nomura CT. Production of Medium Chain Length polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers from agro-industrial waste streams. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Maheshwari N, Thakur IS, Srivastava S. Role of carbon-dioxide sequestering bacteria for clean air environment and prospective production of biomaterials: a sustainable approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38950-38971. [PMID: 35304714 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increase in demand of fossil fuel uses for developmental activity and manufacturing of goods have resulted a huge emission of global warming gases (GWGs) in the atmosphere. Among all GWGs, CO2 is the major contributor that inevitably causes global warming and climate change. Mitigation strategies like biological CO2 capture through sequestration and their storage into biological organic form are used to minimize the concentration of atmospheric CO2 with the goal to control climate change. Since increasing atmospheric CO2 level supports microbial growth and productivity thus microbial-based CO2 sequestration has remarkable advantages as compared to plant-based sequestration. This review focuses on CO2 sequestration mechanism in bacteria through different carbon fixation pathways, involved enzymes, their role in calcite, and other environmentally friendly biomaterials such as biofuel, bioplastic, and biosurfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Maheshwari
- Amity School of Earth and Environmental Science, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- Amity School of Earth and Environmental Science, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shaili Srivastava
- Amity School of Earth and Environmental Science, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
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19
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Alshareef M, Snari RM, Alaysuy O, Aldawsari AM, Abumelha HM, Katouah H, El-Metwaly NM. Optical Detection of Acetone Using " Turn-Off" Fluorescent Rice Straw Based Cellulose Carbon Dots Imprinted onto Paper Dipstick for Diabetes Monitoring. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16766-16777. [PMID: 35601306 PMCID: PMC9118203 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Persistent bad breath has been reported as a sign of serious diabetes health conditions. If an individual's breath has a strong odor of acetone, it may indicate high levels of ketones in the blood owing to diabetic ketoacidosis. Thus, acetone gas in the breath of patients with diabetes can be detected using the current easy-to-use fluorescent test dipstick. In another vein, rice straw waste is the most well-known solid pollutant worldwide. Thus, finding a simple technique to change rice straw into a valuable material is highly important. A straightforward and environmentally friendly approach for reprocessing rice straw as a starting material for the creation of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) has been established. The preparation process of NCDs was carried out via one-pot hydrothermal carbonization using NH4OH as a passivation substance. A testing strip was developed on the basis of cellulose CD nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized onto cellulose paper assay. The NCDs demonstrated a quantum yield of 23.76%. A fluorescence wavelength was detected at 443 nm upon applying an excitation wavelength of 354 nm. NCDs demonstrated remarkable selectivity for acetone gas as their fluorescence was definitely exposed to quenching by acetone as a consequence of the inner filter effect. A linear correlation was observed across the concentration range of 0.5-150 mM. To detect and measure acetone gas, the present cellulose paper strip has a "switch off" fluorescent signal. A readout limit was accomplished for an aqueous solution of acetone as low as 0.5 mM under ambient conditions. The chromogenic fluorescence of the cellulose assay responsiveness depends on the fluorescence quenching characteristic of the cellulose carbon dots in acetone. A thin fluorescent cellulose carbon dot layer was deposited onto the surface of cellulose strips by a simple impregnation process. CDs were made using NP morphology and analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The carbon dot distribution on the paper strip was evaluated by scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The absorption and fluorescence spectral analyses were investigated. The paper sheets' mechanical qualities were also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubark Alshareef
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan M. Snari
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaymah Alaysuy
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Tabuk, 71474 Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah M. Aldawsari
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
- King
Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana M. Abumelha
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi Katouah
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, El-Gomhoria
Street, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- ;
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20
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Gharye Mirzaei M, Goodarzian F, Maddah S, Abraham A, Abdelkareim Gabralla L. Investigating a Dual-Channel Network in a Sustainable Closed-Loop Supply Chain Considering Energy Sources and Consumption Tax. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093547. [PMID: 35591237 PMCID: PMC9103749 DOI: 10.3390/s22093547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a dual-channel network of a sustainable Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) for rice considering energy sources and consumption tax. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is formulated for optimizing the total cost, the amount of pollutants, and the number of job opportunities created in the proposed supply chain network under the uncertainty of cost, supply, and demand. In addition, to deal with uncertainty, fuzzy logic is used. Moreover, four multi-objective metaheuristic algorithms are employed to solve the model, which include a novel multi-objective version of the recently proposed metaheuristic algorithm known as Multi-Objective Reptile Search Optimizer (MORSO), Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing (MOSA), Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO), and Multi-Objective Grey Wolf (MOGWO). All the algorithms are evaluated using LP-metric in small sizes and their results and performance are compared based on criteria such as Max Spread (MS), Spread of Non-Dominance Solution (SNS), the number of Pareto solutions (NPS), Mean Ideal Distance (MID), and CPU time. In addition, to achieve better results, the parameters of all algorithms are tuned by the Taguchi method. The programmed model is implemented using a real case study in Iran to confirm its accuracy and efficiency. To further evaluate the current model, some key parameters are subject to sensitivity analysis. Empirical results indicate that MORSO performed very well and by constructing solar panel sites and producing energy out of rice waste up to 19% of electricity can be saved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Gharye Mirzaei
- Department of Industrial Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 1969764499, Iran;
| | - Fariba Goodarzian
- Organization Engineering Group, School of Engineering, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs), Scientific Network for Innovation and Research Excellence, 11, 3rd Street NW, P.O. Box 2259, Auburn, WA 98071, USA;
- Correspondence: or or
| | - Saeid Maddah
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Thran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1468763785, Iran;
| | - Ajith Abraham
- Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs), Scientific Network for Innovation and Research Excellence, 11, 3rd Street NW, P.O. Box 2259, Auburn, WA 98071, USA;
| | - Lubna Abdelkareim Gabralla
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
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22
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Tao Q, Cai Z, Cui X. A technological quality control system for rice supply chain. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tao
- South China Normal University Guangdong China
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of Education School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of Education School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Xiaohui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of Education School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan China
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Non-Isothermal Crystallization of Titanium-Dioxide-Incorporated Rice Straw Fiber/Poly(butylene succinate) Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071479. [PMID: 35406351 PMCID: PMC9014816 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated rice straw fiber (RS)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) biocomposites were prepared by injection molding with different TiO2 powder loadings. The RS/PBS with 1 wt% TiO2 demonstrated the best mechanical properties, where the flexural strength and modulus increased by 30.34% and 28.39%, respectively, compared with RS/PBS. The non-isothermal crystallization of neat PBS, RS/PBS composites, and titanium-dioxide-incorporated RS/PBS composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The non-isothermal crystallization data were analyzed using several theoretical models. The Avrami and Mo kinetic models described the non-isothermal crystallization behavior of neat PBS and the composites; however, the Ozawa model was inapplicable. The crystallization temperature (Tc), half-time of crystallization (t1/2), and kinetic parameters (FT) showed that the crystallizability followed the order: TiO2-incorporated RS/PBS composites > RS/PBS > PBS. The RS/PBS with 1 wt% TiO2 showed the best crystallization properties. The Friedman model was used to evaluate the effective activation energy of the non-isothermal crystallization of PBS and its composites. Rice straw fiber and TiO2 acted as nucleating agents for PBS. The XRD results showed that the addition of rice straw fiber and TiO2 did not substantially affect the crystal parameters of the PBS matrix. Overall, this study shows that RS and TiO2 can significantly improve the crystallization and mechanical properties of PBS composites.
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Dev B, Bakshi A, Paramasivan B. Prospects of utilizing seawater as a reaction medium for pretreatment and saccharification of rice straw. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133528. [PMID: 34995624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The transition towards a bio-based economy has led to an unprecedented surge in fresh water consumption that renders biofuel a high water footprint product. The depleting fresh water resources have exacerbated the situation which necessitates the exploration of non-potable water for biorefinery purposes. In the current study, seawater is used as a plausible alternative reaction medium for pretreatment and saccharification of rice straw. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to model, predict and validate cellulose release and reducing sugar yield from rice straw subjected to microwave-NaOH pretreatment. The optimized pretreatment conditions were determined to be 8.54% substrate loading, 1.94% NaOH and 4.09 min which resulted in the maximum cellulose release of 65.43% and reducing sugar yield of 0.554 g/g. Several physico-chemical studies of the raw and pretreated biomass were carried out using bomb calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) to examine the efficacy of pretreatment. Evidences of an apparent delignification was substantiated by the increase in surface area from 7.719 to 44.188 m2 g-1and pore volume from 0.039 to 0.071 mlg-1 which was consistent with the decrease in energy density and distorted surface morphology of the pretreated biomass. Further, the FTIR revealed a reduced peak in the absorption spectral bands at 1636 cm-1 which confirmed the pretreatment mediated degradation of lignin and hemicellulose. This finding provides evidence on the prospects of utilizing abundantly available seawater resource as a reaction medium for sustainable biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Dev
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Arindam Bakshi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Balasubramanian Paramasivan
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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Farid IM, Siam HS, Abbas MHH, Mohamed I, Mahmoud SA, Tolba M, Abbas HH, Yang X, Antoniadis V, Rinklebe J, Shaheen SM. Co-composted biochar derived from rice straw and sugarcane bagasse improved soil properties, carbon balance, and zucchini growth in a sandy soil: A trial for enhancing the health of low fertile arid soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133389. [PMID: 34953878 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable management of low fertile arid soils using carbon-rich organic amendments such as biochar and compost is of great concern from both agricultural and environmental points of view. The impact of pyrolysis, composting, and co-composting processes of different feedstocks on carbon loss and emissions, soil properties, and plant growth in arid soils with low organic matter content has not been sufficiently explored yet. Consequently, the aim of this work was to 1) investigate the effects of the pyrolysis, composting, and co-composting processes on the properties of the produced biochar, compost, and co-composted biochar from rice straw (RS) and sugarcane bagasse (SB), and 2) examine the impact of addition of RB biochar (RSB), SB biochar (SBB), RS compost (RSC), SB compost (SBC), co-composted RS biochar (RSCB), and co-composted SB biochar (SBCB) at an application dose of 10 ton/hectare on soil properties, carbon emission, and growth of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) in a sandy arid soil. Carbon loss (kg C kg-1 feedstock) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower during the preparation of the compost (90.36 in RSC, 220.00 in SBC) and co-composted-biochar (146.35 in RSCB, 125.20 in SBCB) than in biochar (176.5 in RSB, 305.6 in SBB). The C/N ratios of the compost and co-composted biochar (11-28.5) were narrower than the corresponding values of biochars (48-90). All amendments increased significantly soil organic carbon content (2.5 in RSC to 5.5 g kg-1 in RSCB), as compared to the non-amended control (1.2 g kg-1). All amendments, particularly RSCB, increased significantly (P < 0.05) the zucchini seed vigor index, dry weight, total chlorophyll content, and root and shoot length, as compared to the control. Moreover, RSCB was the only amendment that showed a positive soil carbon balance. The modified integrated two-way ecological model data also indicated that the co-composted biochar, particularly RSCB, is a promising amendment to improve soil quality and plant growth in sandy arid soils. However, those data should be verified under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab M Farid
- Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Siam
- Plant Nutrition Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H H Abbas
- Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Mohamed
- Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Safaa A Mahmoud
- Plant Nutrition Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Tolba
- Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt; Plant Nutrition Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassan H Abbas
- Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Xing Yang
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Vasileios Antoniadis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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26
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Rice Industry By-Products as Adsorbent Materials for Removing Fluoride and Arsenic from Drinking Water—A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In drinking water, high concentrations of fluoride and arsenic can have adverse effects on human health. Waste deriving from the rice industry (rice husk, rice straw, rice bran) can be promising adsorbent materials, because they are (i) produced in large quantities in many parts of the world, (ii) recoverable in a circular economy perspective, (iii) at low cost if compared to expensive conventional activated carbon, and (iv) easily manageable even in developing countries. For the removal of fluoride, rice husk and rice straw allowed to obtain adsorption capacities in the range of 7.9–15.2 mg/g. Using rice husk for arsenic adsorption, excellent results were achieved with adsorption capacities above 19 mg/g. The best results both for fluorides and arsenic (>50 mg/g) were found with metal- or chemical-modified rice straw and rice husk. Identifying the next steps of future research to ensure the upscaling of biochar from recovered by-products, it is fundamental to perform: (i) tests on real waters for multicomponent adsorption; (ii) experiments with pilot plants in continuous operation; (iii) cost analysis/real applicability of modification treatments such as metal coupling or chemical synthesis; (iv) more studies on the biochar stability and on its regeneration or recovery after use.
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27
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Liu R, Chen X, Zhang K, Han Y, Tong Y, Wang J, Xiao B, Liu J. Effect of mixing ratio and total solids content on temperature-phased anaerobic codigestion of rice straw and pig manure: Biohythane production and microbial structure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126173. [PMID: 34728354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-term semi-continuous experiments were carried out under three feedstock conditions to study the effects of mixing ratio and total solids (TS) content on temperature-phased anaerobic codigestion of rice straw (RS) and pig manure (PM). The results showed that biohythane only produced from the mixture with 6% TS content and its average content were 12.83 ± 1.19% (hydrogen) and 23.68 ± 1.12% (methane). Increasing mixture TS content and decreasing its RS ratio increased biohythane production and organic matter removal by creating a suitable process pH and increasing the anaerobic reaction rates. The highest biohythane production of the mixture reached 73.09 ± 3.03 ml/g VS (hydrogen) and 235.81 ± 9.30 ml/g VS (methane) at a mixing ratio of 5:1 and TS content of 6%. A variety of hydrogen-producing bacteria were found in the thermophilic reactor and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 played an important role. Butyric acid fermentation is the main hydrogen-producing pathway. Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta were dominant archaea in the mesophilic reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhan Liu
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yunping Han
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yeqi Tong
- School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, PR China
| | - Benyi Xiao
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Junxin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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28
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Rosado MJ, Marques G, Rencoret J, Gutiérrez A, del Río JC. Chemical Composition of Lipophilic Compounds From Rice ( Oryza sativa) Straw: An Attractive Feedstock for Obtaining Valuable Phytochemicals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:868319. [PMID: 35392522 PMCID: PMC8981202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.868319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw is a highly abundant, widely available, and low cost agricultural waste that can be used as a source to extract valuable phytochemicals of industrial interest. Hence, in the present work, the chemical composition of the lipophilic compounds present in rice straw was thoroughly characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry using medium-length high-temperature capillary columns, which allowed the identification of a wide range of lipophilic compounds, from low molecular weight fatty acids to high molecular weight sterols esters, sterol glucosides, or triglycerides in the same chromatogram. The most abundant lipophilic compounds in rice straw were fatty acids, which accounted for up to 6,400 mg/kg (41.0% of all identified compounds), followed by free sterols (1,600 mg/kg; 10.2%), sterol glucosides (1,380 mg/kg; 8.8%), fatty alcohols (1,150 mg/kg; 7.4%), and triglycerides (1,140 mg/kg; 7.3%), along with lower amounts of high molecular weight wax esters (900 mg/kg; 5.8%), steroid ketones (900 mg/kg; 5.8%), monoglycerides (600 mg/kg; 3.8%), alkanes (400 mg/kg; 2.6%), diglycerides (380 mg/kg; 2.4%), sterol esters (380 mg/kg; 2.4%), tocopherols (340 mg/kg; 2.2%), and steroid hydrocarbons (60 mg/kg; 0.4%). This information is of great use for the valorization of rice straw to obtain valuable lipophilic compounds of interest for the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical industries. Moreover, this knowledge is also useful for other industrial uses of rice straw, as in pulp and papermaking, since some lipophilic compounds are at the origin of the so-called pitch deposits during pulping.
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Singh RK, Patil T, Pandey D, Tekade SP, Sawarkar AN. Co-pyrolysis of petroleum coke and banana leaves biomass: Kinetics, reaction mechanism, and thermodynamic analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113854. [PMID: 34607141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insights into thermal degradation behaviour, kinetics, reaction mechanism, possible synergism, and thermodynamic analysis of co-pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials are crucial for efficient design of co-pyrolysis reactor systems. Present study deals with comprehensive kinetics and thermodynamic investigation of co-pyrolysis of petroleum coke (PC) and banana leaves biomass (BLB) for realizing the co-pyrolysis potential. Thermogravimetric non-isothermal studies have been performed at 10, 20, and 30 °C/min heating rates. Synergistic effect between PC and BLB was determined by Devolatilization index (Di) and mass loss method. Kinetic parameters were estimated using seven model-free methods. Standard activation energy for PC + BLB blend from FWO, KAS, Starink, and Vyazovkin methods was ≈165 kJ/mol and that from Friedman and Vyazovkin advanced isoconversional methods was ≈171 kJ/mol. The frequency factor calculated for the blend from Kissinger method was found to be in the range of 106-1016s-1. Devolatilization index (Di) showed synergistic effect of blending. The data pertaining to co-pyrolysis was found to fit well with R2 (second order) and D3 (three dimensional) from Z(α) master plot. Thermodynamic parameters, viz. ΔH ≈ 163 kJ/mol and ΔG ≈ 151 kJ/mol were calculated to determine the feasibility and reactivity of the co-pyrolysis process. The results are expected to be useful in the design of petcoke and banana leaves biomass co-pyrolysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Trilok Patil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam P Tekade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gharda Institute of Technology, Lavel, 415708, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish N Sawarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Chen J, Tan X, Miao C, Zhang Y, Yuan Z, Zhuang X. A one-step deconstruction-separation organosolv fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass using acetone/phenoxyethanol/water ternary solvent system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125963. [PMID: 34852441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel ternary solvent system for organosolv fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass, named APW process, which is composed of acetone, phenoxyethanol and water with the advantages of monophasic deconstruction and biphasic separation of components was developed. Through fractionation of amorpha as a case study, a monophasic APW solution (acetone/phenoxyethanol/water = 5:11:4, volume ratio) with the best lignin affinity was constructed based on Hansen solubility parameters. According to Taguchi experimental design, the optimal conditions were 130 °C, 70 min, 0.15 M sulfuric acid and 20 LSR. Under optimal conditions, removal of lignin and hemicellulose reached 95.60% and 98.39%, respectively. While 80.48% of cellulose was retained in residue and its digestibility was 80.36%. Then, 83.74% of hemicellulose was recovered from aqueous as sugars, and 35.64% of lignin was recovered by precipitation. Moreover, APW process also have effective fractionation of sugarcane bagasse, corn cob and pine, cellulose and hemicellulose recovery were both over 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhao Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xuesong Tan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Changlin Miao
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zhenhong Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Xinshu Zhuang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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31
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Kumar A, Chauhan AS, Bains R, Das P. Rice straw (Oryza sativa L.) biomass conversion to furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, lignin and bio-char: A comprehensive solution. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Van Thuoc D, Chung NT, Hatti-Kaul R. Polyhydroxyalkanoate production from rice straw hydrolysate obtained by alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis using Bacillus strains isolated from decomposing straw. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:98. [PMID: 38650199 PMCID: PMC10992000 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice straw is an important low-cost feedstock for bio-based economy. This report presents a study in which rice straw was used both as a source for isolation of bacteria producing the biodegradable polyester polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), as well as the carbon source for the production of the polymer by the isolated bacteria. Of the 100 bacterial isolates, seven were found to be positive for PHA production by Nile blue staining and were identified as Bacillus species by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Three isolates showed 100% sequence identity to B. cereus, one to B. paranthracis, two with 99 and 100% identity to B. anthracis, while one was closely similar to B. thuringiensis. For use in PHA production, rice straw was subjected to mild alkaline pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Comparison of pretreatment by 2% sodium hydroxide, 2% calcium hydroxide and 20% aqueous ammonia, respectively, at different temperatures showed maximum weight loss with NaOH at 80 °C for 5 h, but ammonia for 15 h at 80 °C led to highest lignin removal of 63%. The ammonia-pretreated rice straw also led to highest release of total reducing sugar up to 92% on hydrolysis by a cocktail of cellulases and hemicellulases at 50 °C. Cultivation of the Bacillus isolates on the pretreated rice straw revealed highest PHA content of 59.3 and 46.4%, and PHA concentration of 2.96 and 2.51 g/L by Bacillus cereus VK92 and VK98, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan Van Thuoc
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Chung
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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33
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Nyári J, Kakuk B, Bagi Z, Rákhely G, Kovács KL. Use of ensiled green willow biomass in biogas fermentation. Biol Futur 2021; 72:263-271. [PMID: 34554482 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biggest challenges of our era include climate change and the global fossil energy problem. Extensive utilization of renewable energy sources should be a part of the solution for both these problems. Biogas is a versatile renewable energy carrier that has the potential to substitute fossil fuels. The most frequently utilized substrates for the anaerobic digestion (AD) process include maize silage today, but there is an increasing demand for second-generation biomass sources, which are cheaper and do not interfere with the cultivation of food production. Green biomass from short rotation coppice willow (GWB) may be a promising alternative. However, to ensure feedstock quantity and quality all year round, a preservation method has to be developed. We attempted to ensilage the biomass and subsequently utilized the resulting willow-silage in batch fermenters. Various mixtures of lactic acid bacteria were employed to facilitate ensiling by inoculation of the substrate in anaerobic jars for 60 days. During the ensiling analytical investigations, (HPLC, pH, oTS/TS%) were carried out in order to follow the build-up of fermentation products. AD fermentations were assembled from the ensilaged biomass and the methane production was measured for 56 days. The total methane yields of the ensilaged biomass were 8-15% higher than that of the fresh biomass and methane production rates were also improved. Our findings suggest that ensiling is not only an excellent preservation method for willow biomass, but also stimulates its AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Nyári
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kakuk
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bagi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kornél L Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. .,Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Lignin recovery from rice straw biorefinery solid waste by soda process with ethylene glycol as co-solvent. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Teeravivattanakit T, Baramee S, Ketbot P, Waeonukul R, Pason P, Tachaapaikoon C, Ratanakhanokchai K, Phitsuwan P. Digestibility of Bacillus firmus K-1 pretreated rice straw by different commercial cellulase cocktails. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:508-513. [PMID: 34455937 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1969575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Removal of xylan in plant biomass is believed to increase cellulose hydrolysis by uncovering cellulose surfaces for cellulase adsorption and, in turn, catalysis reaction. Herein, we describe an eco-friendly method by culturing a xylanolytic Bacillus firmus K-1 on rice straw to remove xylan. The bacterium was grown on 2.5% (w/v) rice straw with different biomass particle sizes for two days at 37 °C. We found that the particle sizes ranged from <1 to 5 mm gave a similar xylan removal degree (about 21%). Besides, the porosity and disintegration of the rice straw fibers were observed at the molecular level. The digestibility of pretreated rice straw was tested with different commercial cellulase cocktails. We found that the pretreated rice straw was more susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis, giving 30-70% glucan conversion than the untreated one. The degree of cellulose hydrolysis depended strongly on the kinds of enzyme and their formulations. HighlightCulturing B. firmus K-1 on rice straw yielded about 21% removal of xylan.Particle sizes (of 1-5 mm) had negligible effects on xylan removal efficiency.The degree of glucan conversion in pretreated biomass relied on enzyme formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiporn Teeravivattanakit
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Baramee
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prattana Ketbot
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Waeonukul
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patthra Pason
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paripok Phitsuwan
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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Singh S, Patil T, Tekade SP, Gawande MB, Sawarkar AN. Studies on individual pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of corn cob and polyethylene: Thermal degradation behavior, possible synergism, kinetics, and thermodynamic analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:147004. [PMID: 34088159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge on thermo-kinetics, synergistic effect, and reaction mechanism of pyrolysis/co-pyrolysis of biomass with plastics is crucial for designing efficient reactor system and subsequently the pyrolysis/co-pyrolysis process. The present work explores thermal response, kinetics, reaction mechanism and thermodynamic analysis of pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of individual corn cob (CC) and polyethylene (PE), and their blend in the ratio of 3:1 (w/w). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data was obtained under inert atmosphere at various heating rates of 10, 20, and 30 °C/min and synergistic effect in the co-pyrolysis of CC and PE is discussed. The obtained TGA data was processed using various model-free isoconversional methods like KAS, FWO, Friedman, Starink, and Vyazovkin for determination of kinetics of pyrolysis/co-pyrolysis process of CC and PE. Average activation energy for CC pyrolysis was estimated to be 240 ± 51.25 kJ/mol, 240 ± 51.51 kJ/mol, 237 ± 49.67 kJ/mol, and 245 ± 52.10 kJ/mol according to KAS, Starink, FWO, and Vyazovkin models, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the variation in reported values of activation energy was not significantly different (p = 0.994). Similar statistically insignificant difference was also observed for pyrolysis of PE and co-pyrolysis of CC and PE. Results showed that co-pyrolysis (CC + PE) requires 10% less activation energy than pyrolysis of CC alone. For the co-pyrolysis process, the extent of synergistic effect was discussed by difference in mass loss (ΔW). Investigation also revealed that residue left for co-pyrolysis of CC and PE is 50% less than pyrolysis of CC alone showing synergistic effect during co-pyrolysis. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated to illustrate complex mechanism of the process. Third order reaction, 3D diffusion Jander, and Ginstling-Brounshtein (D4) models were found to be best fitted for CC pyrolysis, PE pyrolysis, and co-pyrolysis, respectively. Results obtained are expected to be useful in the design of corn cob and waste polyethylene co-pyrolysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Trilok Patil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam P Tekade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gharda Institute of Technology, Lavel 415708, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manoj B Gawande
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish N Sawarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Lee S, Akeprathumchai S, Bundidamorn D, Salaipeth L, Poomputsa K, Ratanakhanokchai K, Chang KL, Phitsuwan P. Interplays of enzyme, substrate, and surfactant on hydrolysis of native lignocellulosic biomass. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5110-5124. [PMID: 34369275 PMCID: PMC8806531 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1961662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracking enzyme, substrate, and surfactant interactions to reach maximum reducing sugar production during enzymatic hydrolysis of plant biomass may provide a better understanding of factors that limit the lignocellulosic material degradation in native rice straw. In this study, enzymes (Cellic Ctec2 cellulase and Cellic Htec2 xylanase) and Triton X-100 (surfactant) were used as biocatalysts for cellulose and xylan degradation and as a lignin blocking agent, respectively. The response surface model (R2 = 0.99 and R2-adj = 0.97) indicated that Cellic Ctec2 cellulase (p < 0.0001) had significant impacts on reducing sugar production, whereas Cellic Htec2 xylanase and Triton X-100 had insignificant impacts on sugar yield. Although FTIR analysis suggested binding of Triton X-100 to lignin surfaces, the morphological observation by SEM revealed similar surface features (i.e., smooth surfaces with some pores) of rice straw irrespective of Triton X-100. The reducing sugar yields from substrate hydrolysis with or without the surfactant were comparable, suggesting similar exposure of polysaccharides accessible to the enzymes. The model analysis and chemical and structural evidence suggest that there would be no positive effects on enzymatic hydrolysis by blocking lignins with Triton X-100 if high lignin coverage exists in the substrate due to the limited availability of hydrolyzable polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengthong Lee
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkuntien, Bangkok Thailand.,LigniTech-Lignin Technology Research Group, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkuntien, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saengchai Akeprathumchai
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkuntien, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Damkerng Bundidamorn
- LigniTech-Lignin Technology Research Group, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkuntien, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lakha Salaipeth
- Natural Resource Management Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkuntien, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Poomputsa
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkuntien, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkuntien, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Ken-Lin Chang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Paripok Phitsuwan
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkuntien, Bangkok Thailand.,LigniTech-Lignin Technology Research Group, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkuntien, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chen H, Zhang W, Wu J, Chen X, Liu R, Han Y, Xiao B, Yu Z, Peng Y. Improving two-stage thermophilic-mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure and rice straw by digestate recirculation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129787. [PMID: 33540305 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic co-digestion (coAD) of swine manure (SM) and rice straw (RS) is appealing for renewable energy recovery and waste treatment worldwidely. Improving its performance is very important for its application. In this study, long-term semi-continuous experiments were conducted to evaluate the improving effects of digestate recirculation on the performance, energy recovery, and microbial community of two-stage thermophilic-mesophilic coAD of swine manure (SM) and rice straw (RS). The experimental results indicated that the coAD systems of SM and RS (mixing ratio of 3:1) with or without digestate recirculation could not realize phase separation. The reactors of both coAD systems were characterized by pH values ranging from 7.74 to 7.85, methane production as 0.41 ± 0.02 and 0.44 ± 0.03 L/L/d, and stable operation. Notably, digestate recirculation increased total methane production, organic matter removal, and reaction rate of the coAD system by 9.92 ± 5.08, 5.22 ± 1.94, and 9.73-12.60%, respectively. Digestate recirculation improved the performance of the coAD by significantly increasing the abundance of Methanosarcina (from 4.1% to 7.5%-10.7% and 35.7%) and decreasing that of Methanothermobacter (from 94.2% to 87.3%-83.6% and 56.8%). Thus, the main methanogenesis pathway of the coAD system was changed by digestate recirculation and the methane production was effectively improved. Although the energy input of the coAD system increased by 30.26%, digestate recirculation improved the energy balance of the total system by 6.83%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Wenzhe Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rongzhan Liu
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yunping Han
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Benyi Xiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yinglin Peng
- Hunan Animal and Veterinary Science Institute, Changsha, 410131, China
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Wu Y, Huang TY, Li ZX, Huang ZY, Lu YQ, Gao J, Hu Y, Huang C. In-situ fermentation with gellan gum adding to produce bacterial cellulose from traditional Chinese medicinal herb residues hydrolysate. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118350. [PMID: 34364598 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, bacterial cellulose was synthesized by Taonella mepensis from traditional Chinese medicinal herb residues hydrolysate. To overcome the inhibitory effect of fermentation environment, in-situ fermentation with gellan gum adding was carried out for the first time. After 10 days' static fermentation, both high-acyl gellan gum and low-acyl gellan gum adding showed certain beneficial effects for bacterial cellulose production that the highest bacterial cellulose yield (0.866 and 0.798 g/L, respectively) was 59% and 47% higher than that (0.543 g/L) without gellan gum adding. Besides, gellan gum based bacterial cellulose showed some better texture characteristics. Gellan gum was loaded in the nano network of bacterial cellulose, and gellan gum adding had some influence on the crystal structure and thermal degradation behaviors of bacterial cellulose but affected little on its functional groups. Overall, this in-situ fermentation technology is attractive for bacterial cellulose production from low-cost but inhibitory substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, People's Republic of China
| | - Tu-Yu Huang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xuan Li
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ying Huang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qing Lu
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Hu
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Huang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, People's Republic of China.
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Mohd Ikmal A, Noraziyah AAS, Wickneswari R, Amira I, Puteri Dinie Ellina Z. Interéaction of submergence tolerance and drought yield QTLs ( Sub1 and qDTYs) enhances morpho‐physiological traits and survival of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) under submergence. ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY 2021; 178:355-366. [DOI: 10.1111/aab.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractClimate change has caused increasing incidences of the extreme flooding around the world, which has impacted rice production, especially in rainfed ecosystems. Breeding for submergence tolerant rice varieties has been conducted to mitigate the adverse effects and help farmers to reduce yield loss. The present study was carried out to introgress the submergence tolerance QTL (Sub1) from IR64‐Sub1 into drought‐tolerant lines; UKM5 and UKM91 possessing the drought yield quantitative trait loci (qDTYs), viz. qDTY12.1 and qDTY3.1, and to evaluate the effects of the combination of these QTLs in improving the morpho‐physiological traits and survival under submergence. UKM5 and UKM91 were selected as the recipient of the Sub1 locus because of the intermediate submergence tolerance they possessed even though they only have qDTY/s. Therefore, the introgression of Sub1 into these lines was hypothesised to enhance survival. Submergence stress was given for 14 days to BC1F4 lines from the two breeding populations. Lines with better survival than the tolerant check, IR64‐Sub1 were selected and evaluated under 18 days of submergence stress. Generally, lines with Sub1 and qDTYs from UKM5*/IR64‐Sub1 and UKM91*/IR64‐Sub1 populations had higher survival rate (SR) of 90–100%, lower shoot elongation percentage (EP) and a smaller percentage of chlorophyll content change (CCC) than IR64‐Sub1. The selected lines also showed a low percentage of non‐structural carbohydrate change (NSCC) which related to the ability to recover after submergence. In both populations, the interaction of qDTY3.1 with Sub1 proved to give the best improvement on EP and CCC. This experiment provides novel findings; that is, the combinations of Sub1 + qDTY12.1 + qDTY3.1 showed high survival rate in the population of UKM5*/IR64‐Sub1, while qDTY3.1 improved SR of the lines from UKM91*/IR64‐Sub1 population to 100%. These results proved that the action of Sub1, qDTY/s and their interaction differ in contrasting population or background. The QTL combinations showed a consistent effect in both submergence experiments and proved the effectiveness of Sub1 and qDTYs combinations in enhancing the morpho‐physiological traits and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmuni Mohd Ikmal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Abd Aziz Shamsudin Noraziyah
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ratnam Wickneswari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ismail Amira
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Zulkafli Puteri Dinie Ellina
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
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Helmiyati H, Budiman Y, Abbas GH, Dini FW, Khalil M. Highly efficient synthesis of biodiesel catalyzed by a cellulose@hematite-zirconia nanocomposite. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06622. [PMID: 33855246 PMCID: PMC8027282 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuels calls for the development of renewable alternatives such as biodiesel and has inspired much research on catalysts for the production of biodiesel through the esterification of biomass-derived materials. Herein, a green heterogeneous catalyst for highly efficient biodiesel synthesis was fabricated from rice straw-derived cellulose, hematite, and zirconia and was shown to contain porous irregularly shaped α-Fe2O3-ZrO2 composites (average particle size = 42.5 nm) evenly distributed on the nanocellulose surface. The optimal catalyst (nanocellulose:α-Fe2O3-ZrO2 = 2:1, w/w) afforded biodiesel in a yield of 92.50% and with specifications close to those prescribed by international standards. This catalyst could be reused for up to five cycles without a marked activity loss, with the biodiesel yield in the fifth cycle equaling 80.0%. The developed nanocomposite holds great promise for cutting the costs of biodiesel production, as it is derived from biodegradable raw materials and is renewable, non-corrosive, easy to handle, and green. In addition, the large-scale discharge of this catalyst after use does not pose a hazard to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmiyati Helmiyati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, 16424 Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yuni Budiman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, 16424 Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Gusma Harfiana Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, 16424 Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Fitriyah Wulan Dini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, 16424 Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Munawar Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, 16424 Depok, West Java, Indonesia
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Rosado MJ, Rencoret J, Marques G, Gutiérrez A, del Río JC. Structural Characteristics of the Guaiacyl-Rich Lignins From Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Husks and Straw. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:640475. [PMID: 33679856 PMCID: PMC7932998 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal crop used for human nutrition worldwide. Harvesting and processing of rice generates huge amounts of lignocellulosic by-products such as rice husks and straw, which present important lignin contents that can be used to produce chemicals and materials. In this work, the structural characteristics of the lignins from rice husks and straw have been studied in detail. For this, whole cell walls of rice husks and straw and their isolated lignin preparations were thoroughly analyzed by an array of analytical techniques, including pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC). The analyses revealed that both lignins, particularly the lignin from rice husks, were highly enriched in guaiacyl (G) units, and depleted in p-hydroxyphenyl (H) and syringyl (S) units, with H:G:S compositions of 7:81:12 (for rice husks) and 5:71:24 (for rice straw). These compositions were reflected in the relative abundances of the different interunit linkages. Hence, the lignin from rice husks were depleted in β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether units (representing 65% of all inter-unit linkages), but presented important amounts of β-5' (phenylcoumarans, 23%) and other condensed units. On the other hand, the lignin from rice straw presented higher levels of β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ethers (78%) but lower levels of phenylcoumarans (β-5', 12%) and other condensed linkages, consistent with a lignin with a slightly higher S/G ratio. In addition, both lignins were partially acylated at the γ-OH of the side-chain (ca. 10-12% acylation degree) with p-coumarates, which overwhelmingly occurred over S-units. Finally, important amounts of the flavone tricin were also found incorporated into these lignins, being particularly abundant in the lignin of rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José C. del Río
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Seville, Spain
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Singh RK, Patil T, Verma A, Tekade SP, Sawarkar AN. Insights into kinetics, reaction mechanism, and thermodynamic analysis of pyrolysis of rice straw from rice bowl of India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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45
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Wang W, Kong W, Shen T, Man Z, Zhu W, He Y, Liu F, Liu Y. Application of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Detection of Cadmium Content in Rice Stems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:599616. [PMID: 33391312 PMCID: PMC7775383 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.599616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of cadmium in rice stems is a limiting factor that restricts its function as biomass. In order to prevent potential risks of heavy metals in rice straws, this study introduced a fast detection method of cadmium in rice stems based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and chemometrics. The wavelet transform (WT), area normalization and median absolute deviation (MAD) were used to preprocess raw spectra to improve spectral stability. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for cluster analysis. The classification models were established to distinguish cadmium stress degree of stems, of which extreme learning machine (ELM) had the best effect, with 91.11% of calibration accuracy and 93.33% of prediction accuracy. In addition, multivariate models were established for quantitative detection of cadmium. It can be found that ELM model had the best prediction effects with prediction correlation coefficient of 0.995. The results show that LIBS provides an effective method for detection of cadmium in rice stems. The combination of LIBS technology and chemometrics can quickly detect the presence of cadmium in rice stems, and accurately realize qualitative and quantitative analysis of cadmium, which could be of great significance to promote the development of new energy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Kong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zun Man
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
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Wang S, Song X, Chen Q, Wang X, Wei M, Ke Y, Luo Z. Mechanical properties of cemented tailings backfill containing alkalized rice straw of various lengths. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 276:111124. [PMID: 32871463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tailings and rice straw that are produced in large quantities each year in the mining and agricultural industries, respectively, have significant effects on the ecological environment. This study aimed to explore the mechanical properties of cemented tailings backfill (CTB) mixed with alkalized rice straw (ARS) of different lengths. A series of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and indirect tensile strength (ITS) tests were conducted on the CTB. The results indicated that as the length of the ARS increased from 3 to 15 mm, the UCS and ITS values initially increased and then decreased. The critical length of the ARS was 12 mm, for which the effect of strength increase was the most significant. From the overall analysis, the UCS of CTB samples with ARS (9 and 12 mm) demonstrated the better improvement (increased by 10.0 and 14.7%, respectively) at 28 d curing age, and the improvement effect of the CTB samples with ARS of other lengths was not ideal. The ITS of CTB samples with ARS increased (except for an ARS length of 3 mm) regardless of the curing age; the maximum increase was approximately 24.2% at 28 d. The integrity, residual strength, and toughness of CTB sample with the ARS (12 mm) were the largest after the UCS test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests indicated that the surface of the ARS was covered with cement hydration products, and the interior of the ARS was filled with cement tailings, which produced stronger adhesion between the ARS (12 mm) and CTB matrix; the ARS performed a bridging role and suppressed crack propagation, which effectively improving the mechanical properties of CTB. Significantly short ARS exhibited a lower adhesive force with the matrix, and significantly long ARS exhibited a lower filling rate. Thus, while improving the mechanical properties of CTB, ARS provides a new method for treating rice straw and decreasing its combustion pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xuepeng Song
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Qiusong Chen
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Meiliang Wei
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yuxian Ke
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Zhihua Luo
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Anu, Kumar S, Kumar A, Kumar V, Singh B. Optimization of cellulase production by Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis JJBS300 and biocatalytic potential in saccharification of alkaline-pretreated rice straw. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:697-704. [PMID: 33302792 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1852419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of cellulase production by Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis JJBS300 resulted in maximum cellulase (CMCase 9.7 U/g substrate) using wheat bran and rice straw in 1:1 ratio at substrate to moisture ratio of 1:3 at 35 °C and pH 4.0 after 48 h. Partially purified cellulase of B. subtilis subsp. subtilis showed optimal activity at 50 °C and pH 5.0. Among the metal ions, Na+, Ca2+ and Fe2+ stimulated the cellulase activity. Glutaraldehyde and 1-butanol also enhanced the cellulase activity as compared to other solvents. Bacterial cellulase hydrolyzed ammonia-pretreated rice straw more efficiently as compared to sodium-carbonate pretreated and untreated biomass. Optimization of saccharification of untreated and pretreated (sodium carbonate and ammonia) rice straw by bacterial cellulase resulted in high liberation of reducing sugars with enzyme dose of 100 U/g substrate (221 mg/g substrate) at pH 5.0 (103 mg/g substrate) and 50 °C (142 mg/g substrate) after 6 h in ammonia-pretreated rice straw. Furthermore, liberation of reducing sugars increased with incubation time showing maximum reducing sugars (171 mg/g substrate) after 24 h in ammonia-pretreated rice straw. HPLC analysis of enzymatic hydrolysate of ammonia-pretreated rice straw verified the ability of bacterial cellulase in liberation of various monomeric and oligomeric sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Botany, Pt. N.R.S. Govt. College, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
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48
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Lin F, Wang H, Yue T, Qiu P, Liu T. Inner defects elimination and significant reinforcement of rice straw/high‐density polyethylene composites by extractives removal process. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fazhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Huanbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Tianqi Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Pingping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Tian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education Harbin China
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49
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Singh S, Sawarkar AN. Pyrolysis of corn cob: physico-chemical characterization, thermal decomposition behavior and kinetic analysis. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS MODELING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2020-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Bioenergy out of lignocellulosic biomass, especially from agricultural crop residues, is making massive inroads in our quest for sustainable environment. In the present study, detailed physico-chemical characterization, thermal degradation characteristics, and kinetics of pyrolysis of corn cob are reported. Thermogravimetric experiments were performed at different heating rates, such as, 10, 20, and 30 °C/min in an inert atmosphere. Thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves inferred the thermal behavior characteristics of corn cob. Significant content of cellulose and hemicellulose put together (76.23%) suggested tremendous potential of corn cob to give enhanced yield of bio-oil through pyrolysis. Maximum mass loss of 61.92% for corn cob was observed in the temperature range of 180–360 °C. The kinetic parameters for pyrolysis of corn cob were determined by employing model-free isoconversional methods like, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Starink. Activation energy from FWO (62.44 kJ/mol) and Starink (61.74 kJ/mol) method for pyrolysis of corn cob was found to be in close proximity. The results revealed prospective bioenergy potential of corn cob as a feedstock for pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad , Prayagraj , 211004, Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Ashish N. Sawarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad , Prayagraj , 211004, Uttar Pradesh , India
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Gajera ZR, Verma K, Tekade SP, Sawarkar AN. Kinetics of co-gasification of rice husk biomass and high sulphur petroleum coke with oxygen as gasifying medium via TGA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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