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Rinne M. Novel uses of ensiled biomasses as feedstocks for green biorefineries. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:36. [PMID: 38438873 PMCID: PMC10913225 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-00992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Perennial forage plants are efficient utilizers of solar radiation and nutrients so that there is a lot of scope to increase the production of green biomass in many areas. Currently, grasses are mainly used as feeds for ruminants and equines, but there could be higher added value use for several components of the green biomass. Interest in green biorefining has risen recently motivated by the increased sustainability pressures and need to break the reliance on fossil fuels. Novel products derived from grass, such as paper and packaging, nanofibers, animal bedding, novel protein feeds, extracted proteins, biochemicals, nutraceuticals, bioactive compounds, biogas and biochar could create new sustainable business opportunities in rural areas. Most green biorefinery concepts focus on using fresh green biomass as the feedstock, but preservation of it by ensiling would provide several benefits such as all-year-around availability of the feedstock and increased stability of the press juice and press cake. The major difference between fresh and ensiled grass is the conversion of water soluble carbohydrates into fermentation end products, mainly lactic and acetic acids, that lower the pH of the silage so that it becomes stable in anaerobic conditions. This has some important consequences on the processability and quality of products, which are partly positive and partly negative, e.g., degradation of protein into peptides, amino acids and ammonia. These aspects are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketta Rinne
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland.
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Demmelmayer P, Kienberger M. Reactive extraction of lactic acid from sweet sorghum silage press juice. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dörrstein J, Schwarz D, Scholz R, Walther F, Zollfrank C. Tuneable material properties of Organosolv lignin biocomposites in response to heat and shear forces. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Langsdorf A, Volkmar M, Holtmann D, Ulber R. Material utilization of green waste: a review on potential valorization methods. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:19. [PMID: 38650228 PMCID: PMC10991214 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering global developments like climate change and the depletion of fossil resources, the use of new and sustainable feedstocks such as lignocellulosic biomass becomes inevitable. Green waste comprises heterogeneous lignocellulosic biomass with low lignin content, which does not stem from agricultural processes or purposeful cultivation and therefore mainly arises in urban areas. So far, the majority of green waste is being composted or serves as feedstock for energy production. Here, the hitherto untapped potential of green waste for material utilization instead of conventional recycling is reviewed. Green waste is a promising starting material for the direct extraction of valuable compounds, the chemical and fermentative conversion into basic chemicals as well as the manufacturing of functional materials like electrodes for electro-biotechnological applications through carbonization. This review serves as a solid foundation for further work on the valorization of green waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Langsdorf
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marianne Volkmar
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Strasse 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Strasse 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Nagarajan S, Ranade VV. Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Vortex-Based Devices for Cavitation: Influence on Biomethane Potential. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Nagarajan
- Multiphase Flows, Reactors and Intensification Group, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek V. Ranade
- Multiphase Flows, Reactors and Intensification Group, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
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Schwarz D, Schoenenwald AKJ, Dörrstein J, Sterba J, Kahoun D, Fojtíková P, Vilímek J, Schieder D, Zollfrank C, Sieber V. Biosynthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate from grass silage by a two-stage fermentation process based on an integrated biorefinery concept. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:237-245. [PMID: 30179757 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Grass silage as a renewable feedstock for an integrated biorefinery includes nutrients and carbon sources directly available in the press juice (PJ) and in lignocellulosic saccharides from the plant framework. Here, a novel two-stage fed-batch fermentation process for biosynthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Cupriavidus necator DSM 531 is presented. For bacterial growth, nutrient-rich PJ was employed as a fermentation medium, without any supplements. Saccharides derived from the mechano-enzymatic hydrolysis of the press cake (PC) were subjected to a lactic acid fermentation process, before the fermentation products were fed into the polymer accumulation phase. By combination of pH-stat feeding and cell recycling, the PHB content in 22 g L-1 total-dry cells reached 39% after 32 h of cultivation. Using mimicked hydrolyzate of diluted PJ artificially supplemented with glucose and xylose, the resulting cell dry weight of 21 g L-1 contained 42% PHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schwarz
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Amelie K J Schoenenwald
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Jörg Dörrstein
- Technical University of Munich, Biogenic Polymers, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Jan Sterba
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Kahoun
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Fojtíková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Vilímek
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Doris Schieder
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| | - Cordt Zollfrank
- Technical University of Munich, Biogenic Polymers, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
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Dörrstein J, Scholz R, Schwarz D, Schieder D, Sieber V, Walther F, Zollfrank C. Dataset on the structural characterization of organosolv lignin obtained from ensiled Poaceae grass and load-dependent molecular weight changes during thermoplastic processing. Data Brief 2018; 17:647-652. [PMID: 29552614 PMCID: PMC5852281 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents experimental data of organosolv lignin from Poacea grass and structural changes after compounding and injection molding as presented in the research article “Effects of high-lignin-loading on thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of bioplastic composites” [1]. It supplements the article with morphological (SEM), spectroscopic (31P NMR, FT-IR) and chromatographic (GPC, EA) data of the starting lignin as well as molar mass characteristics (mass average molar mass (Mw) and Polydispersity (D)) of the extracted lignin. Refer to Schwarz et al. [2] for a detailed description of the production of the organosolv residue and for further information on the raw material used for lignin extraction. The dataset is made publicly available and can be useful for extended lignin research and critical analyzes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Dörrstein
- Chair for Biogenic Polymers, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Ronja Scholz
- Department of Materials Test Engineering (WPT), TU Dortmund University, Baroper Str. 303, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dominik Schwarz
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Doris Schieder
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Frank Walther
- Department of Materials Test Engineering (WPT), TU Dortmund University, Baroper Str. 303, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Cordt Zollfrank
- Chair for Biogenic Polymers, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
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Hohagen H, Schwarz D, Schenk G, Guddat LW, Schieder D, Carsten J, Sieber V. Deacidification of grass silage press juice by continuous production of acetoin from its lactate via an immobilized enzymatic reaction cascade. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1084-1092. [PMID: 28946391 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An immobilized enzymatic reaction cascade was designed and optimized for the deacidification of grass silage press juice (SPJ), thus facilitating the production of bio-based chemicals. The cascade involves a three-step process using four enzymes immobilized in a Ca-alginate gel and uses lactic acid to form acetoin, a value-added product. The reaction is performed with a continuous, pH-dependent substrate feed under oxygenation. With titrated lactic acid yields of up to 91% and reaction times of ca. 6h was achieved. Using SPJ as titrant yields of 49% were obtained within 6h. In this deacidification process, with acetoin one value-added bio-based chemical is produced while simultaneously the remaining press juice can be used in applications that require a higher pH. Such, this system can be applied in a multi-product biorefinery concept to take full advantage of nutrient-rich SPJ, which is a widely available and easily storable renewable resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Hohagen
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Dominik Schwarz
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, 68 Cooper Road, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Luke W Guddat
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, 68 Cooper Road, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Doris Schieder
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Jörg Carsten
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany; Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany; The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, 68 Cooper Road, St. Lucia 4072, Australia; Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany; Fraunhofer IGB, Straubing Branch Bio, Electro, and Chemocatalysis BioCat, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
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Effects of glucose concentration on 1,18-cis-octadec-9-enedioic acid biotransformation efficiency and lipid body formation in Candida tropicalis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13842. [PMID: 29062119 PMCID: PMC5653835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The unsaturated long-chain α,ω-dicarboxylic acid 1,18-cis-octadec-9-enedioic acid (cis-ODA) is a versatile precursor of various valuable compounds, such as polymers, and can be obtained from renewable resources. This makes cis-ODA highly attractive for the chemical industry where there is a growing interest in sustainable processes. However, chemical synthesis of the cis isomers is currently not feasible. In contrast, biotechnological production allows for highly specific and selective reactions. Therefore, we developed an efficient production strategy for cis-ODA using Candida tropicalis as a whole-cell biocatalyst for the biotransformation of oleic acid, which naturally occurs in various fats and oils. Applying a bench-top system comprising eight parallel bioreactors, the production process was characterised and optimised for high productivity. Glucose feed rate was identified as the most crucial process parameter influencing product yield, with high rates inducing oleic acid incorporation into triacylglycerols and storage in lipid bodies. Conversely, application of medium-chain length fatty acid as a substrate did not show any occurrence of lipid bodies. Applying the lowest possible molar ratio of glucose to oleic acid (1.5) resulted in marginal lipid body formation, but led to a peak volumetric productivity of 0.56 g/L/h and a final titre of approximately 45 g/L with a corresponding yield of 70%.
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