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Moses V, Narula A, Chetan N, Kumar Mishra R. Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) a high strength cellulose resin for wood composite laminates. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12081. [PMID: 36544844 PMCID: PMC9761700 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic wastes though biodegradable is harmful and pose a serious threat to the environment. This research focused to; harness the cellulose existing in the peels of vegetables, banana and bagasse to establish Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) bioresin. Eleven experiments were performed with different w/w% of DMSO and Sulphuric acid to find the best solvent extract. The FTIR-ATR validated sample 6 extract (10 w/w% at 98 contact h) as the prime compared to the other extracts. The conversion of cellulosic glucose to HMF was performed on 10 ml of sample 6 extract. The filtrate was further concentrated to 90% at 80°C. The HPLC analysis displayed 51% conversion of HMF from glucose. The universal testing machine (UTM) test executed on the HMF resin laid on the wood veneers exhibited good curing and tensile strength (18.5 MPa). The physical property of HMF lies close to the commercially available wood resin in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinutha Moses
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rashtreeya Vidyalaya College of Engineering, Bengaluru-560059, India,Corresponding author.
| | - Archna Narula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560054, India
| | - N. Chetan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560056, India
| | - Ranjeet Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560054, India
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2
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Lu D, Fatehi P. Interaction of rough ellipsoidal particles with random surface asperities in colloidal systems. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Interfacial interactions of rough spherical surfaces with random topographies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Numerical study of the fine particle deposition behaviors on three-dimensional random rough walls. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Zhou L, Zhang W, De Costa YG, Zhuang WQ, Yi S. Assessing inorganic components of cake layer in A/O membrane bioreactor for physical-chemical treated tannery effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126220. [PMID: 32120146 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor (A/O-MBR), was used to treat effluent tannery wastewater pretreated by physicochemical processes. The A/O-MBR performed well during the experimental period and was able to produce a high-quality effluent containing 90 ± 10 mg-CODcr/L and 0.5 ± 0.1 mg-NH4+-N/L. However, it was observed that at rates of approximately 1.02 kPa/day and 1.2 μm/day, both transmembrane pressure (TMP) and thickness of cake layer increased during wastewater treatment. The eventual thickness of the cake layer was between 47.8 and 51.5 μm. Furthermore, an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer, used to analyze inorganic components of the cake layer, revealed that four inorganic elements, Cr, Ca, Mg and Al were predominant (weight percentage rate 4:13:10:72). Due to low solubility (Cr(OH)3: Ksp 6.3 × 10-31; Al(OH)3: Ksp 6.3 × 10-19), the elements of Cr and Al mainly existed in the forms of Cr(OH)3 and Al(OH)3, respectively. Other minerals in the cake layer included Al2O3, CaCO3, and MgCO3. Additionally, using an SEM-EDX (Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analyzer), we discovered that inorganic particles that formed within the activated sludge of the A/O-MBR steadily accumulating on the membrane surface, resulted in an evenly distributed inorganic layer which could be observed along the cross-sections of the cake layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yashika G De Costa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Wei-Qin Zhuang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Shan Yi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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6
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Giwa A, Dindi A, Kujawa J. Membrane bioreactors and electrochemical processes for treatment of wastewaters containing heavy metal ions, organics, micropollutants and dyes: Recent developments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 370:172-195. [PMID: 29958700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Research and development activities on standalone systems of membrane bioreactors and electrochemical reactors for wastewater treatment have been intensified recently. However, several challenges are still being faced during the operation of these reactors. The current challenges associated with the operation of standalone MBR and electrochemical reactors include: membrane fouling in MBR, set-backs from operational errors and conditions, energy consumption in electrochemical systems, high cost requirement, and the need for simplified models. The advantage of this review is to present the most critical challenges and opportunities. These challenges have necessitated the design of MBR derivatives such as anaerobic MBR (AnMBR), osmotic MBR (OMBR), biofilm MBR (BF-MBR), membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR), and magnetically-enhanced systems. Likewise, electrochemical reactors with different configurations such as parallel, cylindrical, rotating impeller-electrode, packed bed, and moving particle configurations have emerged. One of the most effective approaches towards reducing energy consumption and membrane fouling rate is the integration of MBR with low-voltage electrochemical processes in an electrically-enhanced membrane bioreactor (eMBR). Meanwhile, research on eMBR modeling and sludge reuse is limited. Future trends should focus on novel/fresh concepts such as electrically-enhanced AnMBRs, electrically-enhanced OMBRs, and coupled systems with microbial fuel cells to further improve energy efficiency and effluent quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Giwa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Masdar City campus, P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdallah Dindi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Masdar City campus, P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joanna Kujawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7, Gagarina Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Yu Z, Hu Y, Dzakpasu M, Wang XC, Ngo HH. Dynamic membrane bioreactor performance enhancement by powdered activated carbon addition: Evaluation of sludge morphological, aggregative and microbial properties. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 75:73-83. [PMID: 30473309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition on sludge morphological, aggregative and microbial properties in a dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) were investigated to explore the enhancement mechanism of pollutants removal and filtration performance. Sludge properties were analyzed through various analytical measurements. The results showed that the improved sludge aggregation ability and the evolution of microbial communities affected sludge morphology in PAC-DMBR, as evidenced by the formation of large, regularly shaped and strengthened sludge flocs. The modifications of sludge characteristics promoted the formation process and filtration flux of the dynamic membrane (DM) layer. Additionally, PAC addition did not exert very significant influence on the propagation of eukaryotes (protists and metazoans) and microbial metabolic activity. High-throughput pyrosequencing results indicated that adding PAC improved the bacterial diversity in activated sludge, as PAC addition brought about additional microenvironment in the form of biological PAC (BPAC), which promoted the enrichment of Acinetobacter (13.9%), Comamonas (2.9%), Flavobacterium (0.31%) and Pseudomonas (0.62%), all contributing to sludge flocs formation and several (such as Acinetobacter) capable of biodegrading relatively complex organics. Therefore, PAC addition could favorably modify sludge properties from various aspects and thus enhance the DMBR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yu
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yisong Hu
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Mawuli Dzakpasu
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Thermodynamic insights into membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor: Evaluating thermodynamic interactions with Gaussian membrane surface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 527:280-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Cai X, Yu G, Hong H, He Y, Shen L, Lin H. Impacts of morphology on fouling propensity in a membrane bioreactor based on thermodynamic analyses. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 531:282-290. [PMID: 30041106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Impacts of morphologies of both membrane and foulant on interaction energies related with adhesive fouling in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) were explored by thermodynamic analyses. Interaction energies in three possible interaction scenarios regarding different membrane and foulant morphologies under conditions in this study were quantified according to the thermodynamic methods. It was interestingly found that, strength of total interaction between soluble microbial products (SMPs) and rough membrane was over 20,000 times of that between sludge flocs and rough membrane under same conditions, indicating the extremely higher adhesion ability of SMPs than the large particulate foulants. This result plausibly explained the high fouling propensity of SMPs over sludge flocs. As compared with smooth surfaces, rough surfaces of both membrane and sludge flocs significantly reduced total interaction strength, alleviating adhesive fouling caused by the sludge flocs. Reduce in fractal dimension (Df) of membrane increased adhesive fouling caused by the SMPs, but alleviated adhesive fouling caused by the sludge flocs. These findings gave important implications to better understand and control membrane fouling in MBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cai
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Genying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yiming He
- Department of Materials Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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10
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Ţălu Ş, Bramowicz M, Kulesza S, Solaymani S. Topographic characterization of thin film field-effect transistors of 2,6-diphenyl anthracene (DPA) by fractal and AFM analysis. MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mssp.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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A novel integrated method for quantification of interfacial interactions between two rough bioparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 516:295-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Zhang W, Lu C, Dong P, Fang Y, Yin Y, Hu Z, Xu H, Ruan M. Fractal Reconstruction of Microscopic Rough Surface for Soot Layer during Ceramic Filtration Based On Weierstrass–Mandelbrot Function. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology (CSUST), Changsha 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology (CSUST), Changsha 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Pengfei Dong
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology (CSUST), Changsha 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Yiwei Fang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology (CSUST), Changsha 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Yanshan Yin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology (CSUST), Changsha 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Zhangmao Hu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology (CSUST), Changsha 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Huifang Xu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology (CSUST), Changsha 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Min Ruan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology (CSUST), Changsha 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
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13
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Zhang M, Hong H, Lin H, Yu G, Wang F, Liao BQ. Quantitative assessment of interfacial forces between two rough surfaces and its implications for anti-adhesion membrane fabrication. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14
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Cai X, Shen L, Zhang M, Chen J, Hong H, Lin H. Membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor: An unified approach to construct topography and to evaluate interaction energy between two randomly rough surfaces. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:1121-1132. [PMID: 28764126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantitatively evaluating interaction energy between two randomly rough surfaces is the prerequisite to quantitatively understand and control membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). In this study, a new unified approach to construct rough topographies and to quantify interaction energy between a randomly rough particle and a randomly rough membrane was proposed. It was found that, natural rough topographies of both foulants and membrane could be well constructed by a modified two-variable Weierstrass-Mandelbrot (WM) function included in fractal theory. Spatial differential relationships between two constructed surfaces were accordingly established. Thereafter, a new approach combining these relationships, surface element integration (SEI) approach and composite Simpson's rule was deduced to calculate the interaction energy between two randomly rough surfaces in a submerged MBR. The obtained results indicate the profound effects of surface morphology on interaction energy and membrane fouling. This study provided a basic approach to investigate membrane fouling and interface behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cai
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
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15
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Feng S, Yu G, Cai X, Eulade M, Lin H, Chen J, Liu Y, Liao BQ. Effects of fractal roughness of membrane surfaces on interfacial interactions associated with membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:560-568. [PMID: 28803106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fractal roughness is one of the most important properties of a fractal surface. In this study, it was found that, randomly rough membrane surface was a fractal surface, which could be digitally modeled by a modified two-variable Weierstrass-Mandelbrot (WM) function. Fractal roughness of membrane surfaces has a typical power function relation with the statistical roughness of the modeled surface. Assessment of interfacial interactions showed that an increase in fractal roughness of membrane surfaces will strengthen and prolong the interfacial interactions between membranes and foulants, and under conditions in this study, will significantly increase the adhesion propensity of a foulant particle on membrane surface. This interesting result can be attributed to that increase in fractal roughness simultaneously improves separation distance and interaction surface area for adhesion of a foulant particle. This study gives deep insights into interfacial interactions and membrane fouling in MBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushu Feng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Science Research Institute, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Genying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Science Research Institute, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Xiang Cai
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Science Research Institute, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Mahoro Eulade
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Science Research Institute, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Science Research Institute, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Science Research Institute, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Science Research Institute, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Bao-Qiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
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Cai X, Yang L, Wang Z, Zhang M, Shen L, Hong H, Lin H, Yu G. Influences of fractal dimension of membrane surface on interfacial interactions related to membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 500:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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