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Sun G, Zhang X, Zhang F, Wang Y, Wu Y, Jiang Z, Hao S, Ye S, Zhang H, Zhang X. Use microalgae to treat coke wastewater for producing biofuel: Influence of phenol on photosynthetic properties and intracellular components of microalgae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140805. [PMID: 38040255 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Using microalgae to treat coking wastewater has important application prospects and environmental significance. Previous studies have suggested that phycoremediation of pollutants from coking wastewater is feasible and can potentially enhance biodiesel production. This work investigates the effects of phenol in coking wastewater on C. pyrenoidosa and S. obliquus growth, photosynthesis activity, and intracellular components. The results indicated that when the phenol concentration was lower than 300 mg L-1, both microalgae maintained good photosynthetic and physiological activity, with a maximum quantum yield potential ranging from 0.6 to 0.7. At the phenol concentration of 300 mg L-1, the biomass of C. pyrenoidosa was 2.4 times that of the control group. For S. obliquus, at the phenol concentration of 150 mg L-1, the biomass was approximately 0.85 g L-1, which increased by 68% than that of the control group (0.58 g L-1). The lipid content in both microalgae increased with the phenol concentrations, with the maximum content exceeding 40%. The optimal phenol concentrations for C. pyrenoidosa and S. obliquus growth were determined to be 246.18 and 152.73 mg L-1, respectively, based on a developed kinetic model. This work contributes to further elucidating the effects of phenol on microalgae growth, photosynthesis, and intracellular components, and suggests that using microalgae to treat phenol-containing coking wastewater for producing biofuel is not only environmentally friendly but also holds significant energy promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpu Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Energy Saving and Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuyang Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zeyi Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Siyuan Hao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shiya Ye
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, Beijing, 100083, China
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2
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Sahu S, Kaur A, Singh G, Kumar Arya S. Harnessing the potential of microalgae-bacteria interaction for eco-friendly wastewater treatment: A review on new strategies involving machine learning and artificial intelligence. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:119004. [PMID: 37734213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit of effective wastewater treatment and biomass generation, the symbiotic relationship between microalgae and bacteria emerges as a promising avenue. This analysis delves into recent advancements concerning the utilization of microalgae-bacteria consortia for wastewater treatment and biomass production. It examines multiple facets of this symbiosis, encompassing the judicious selection of suitable strains, optimal culture conditions, appropriate media, and operational parameters. Moreover, the exploration extends to contrasting closed and open bioreactor systems for fostering microalgae-bacteria consortia, elucidating the inherent merits and constraints of each methodology. Notably, the untapped potential of co-cultivation with diverse microorganisms, including yeast, fungi, and various microalgae species, to augment biomass output. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) stand out as transformative catalysts. By addressing intricate challenges in wastewater treatment and microalgae-bacteria symbiosis, AI and ML foster innovative technological solutions. These cutting-edge technologies play a pivotal role in optimizing wastewater treatment processes, enhancing biomass yield, and facilitating real-time monitoring. The synergistic integration of AI and ML instills a novel dimension, propelling the fields towards sustainable solutions. As AI and ML become integral tools in wastewater treatment and symbiotic microorganism cultivation, novel strategies emerge that harness their potential to overcome intricate challenges and revolutionize the domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Sahu
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Arya
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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3
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Shen Y, Chen B, Wang S, Li A, Ji B. Necessity of stirring for outdoor microalgal-bacterial granular sludge process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118816. [PMID: 37598492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
As a green process, microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) process shows talents in achieving pollutant removal, resource recovery and carbon neutralization. However, when it comes to application, the adequate mixing of MBGS and substrate should be adopted theoretically. Therefore, this study devoted to address the necessity of stirring for MBGS in municipal wastewater treatment. Outdoor performances showed that stirring significantly enhanced both of the photosynthetic efficiency and biomass productivity of MBGS with almost 2-fold increase as compared to non-stirred MBGS, while the average pore size and microalgae-to-bacteria ratio also increased. Consequently, stirring acted as a pivotal role in accelerating pollutants removal, with removals of organics (89.89% COD) and nutrients (99.22% NH4+-N, 92.15% PO43--P) reaching peak levels at 2 h and 6 h, respectively, while removals of organics (87.50% COD) and nutrients (86.11% NH4+-N, 86.76% PO43--P) removal peaked at 8 h for non-stirred MBGS. The improved granule characteristics and microbial compositions due to the stirring were found to be favorable for MBGS to adapting to the changeable weather. Based on the above results, the possible underlying mechanisms of stirring for improving MBGS were illustrated. Overall, stirring positively impacted the photosynthetic efficiency, biomass productivity, pollutant removal and microbial structure for MBGS. This study gains knowledge on stirred MBGS process under outdoor conditions for its future practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shen
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Urban Regeneration, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Bingheng Chen
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Urban Regeneration, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Anjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Urban Regeneration, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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4
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Wang X, Kong X, Liu Q, Li K, Jiang Z, Gai H, Xiao M. Effect of Clay Minerals on Carbonate Precipitation Induced by Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0036323. [PMID: 37039655 PMCID: PMC10269649 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00363-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonate precipitation induced by cyanobacteria is an important factor in lacustrine fine-grained carbonate rock genesis. As key components of these rocks, clay minerals play an important role in aggregating cyanobacteria. However, the formation mechanism of fine-grained carbonate under the effect of clay minerals is unclear. In this study, we investigated carbonate precipitation by Synechococcus cells under the influence of clay minerals. The results showed that clay minerals can accelerate Synechococcus aggregation, and the aggregation rate of the kaolinite group was significantly higher than that of montmorillonite. The aggregate size and Synechococcus cell content increased with an increase in clay minerals, resulting in increasing organic matter and carboxyl content in the aggregates. Due to the high affinity between carboxyl and Ca2+, the presence of Synechococcus sp. could improve the Mg/Ca molar ratio in the microenvironment of aggregates, which is conducive to aragonite precipitation. Thus, aragonite 5 to 10 μm in size precipitated when Synechococcus and clay minerals coexisted, whereas low-magnesium calcite (15 to 60 μm) was the main carbonate only in the presence of Synechococcus. This study provides important insights into the mechanisms of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation under the effect of clay minerals, which might offer theoretical support for the genesis of fine-grained lacustrine carbonate. IMPORTANCE The biogenesis of lacustrine fine-grained carbonates is of great significance to the exploitation of shale oil. Clay minerals are an important component of lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which is conductive to the aggregation and settlement of cyanobacteria. We investigated the precipitation of carbonate induced by Synechococcus sp. with the addition of kaolinite and montmorillonite. The pH and calcium carbonate saturation of the environment increased under the effect of cyanobacteria photosynthesis. The aggregation of cyanobacteria cells increased the Mg/Ca molar ratio of the microenvironment, creating a favorable condition for the precipitation of aragonite, which was similar in size to the micritic calcite of fine-grained sedimentary rocks. This study provides theoretical support for the genesis of fine-grained carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangxin Kong
- School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zaixing Jiang
- School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Hengjun Gai
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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5
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Alazaiza MYD, Albahnasawi A, Ahmad Z, Bashir MJK, Al-Wahaibi T, Abujazar MSS, Abu Amr SS, Nassani DE. Potential use of algae for the bioremediation of different types of wastewater and contaminants: Production of bioproducts and biofuel for green circular economy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116415. [PMID: 36206653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Remediation by algae is a very effective strategy for avoiding the use of costly, environmentally harmful chemicals in wastewater treatment. Recently, industries based on biomass, especially the bioenergy sector, are getting increasing attention due to their environmental acceptability. However, their practical application is still limited due to the growing cost of raw materials such as algal biomass, harvesting and processing limitations. Potential use of algal biomass includes nutrients recovery, heavy metals removal, COD, BOD, coliforms, and other disease-causing pathogens reduction and production of bioenergy and valuable products. However, the production of algal biomass using the variable composition of different wastewater streams as a source of growing medium and the application of treated water for subsequent use in agriculture for irrigation has remained a challenging task. The present review highlights and discusses the potential role of algae in removing beneficial nutrients from different wastewater streams with complex chemical compositions as a biorefinery concept and subsequent use of produced algal biomass for bioenergy and bioactive compounds. Moreover, challenges in producing algal biomass using various wastewater streams and ways to alleviate the stress caused by the toxic and high concentrations of nutrients in the wastewater stream have been discussed in detail. The technology will be economically feasible and publicly accepted by reducing the cost of algal biomass production and reducing the loaded or attached concentration of micropollutants and pathogenic microorganisms. Algal strain improvement, consortium development, biofilm formation, building an advanced cultivation reactor system, biorefinery concept development, and life-cycle assessment are all possible options for attaining a sustainable solution for sustainable biofuel production. Furthermore, producing valuable compounds, including pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and pigment contents generated from algal biomass during biofuel production, could also help reduce the cost of wastewater management by microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasem Y D Alazaiza
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, A'Sharqiyah University, 400, Ibra, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Albahnasawi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mohammed J K Bashir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Talal Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, A'Sharqiyah University, 400, Ibra, Oman
| | | | - Salem S Abu Amr
- International College of Engineering and Management, P.O. Box 2511, C.P.O Seeb, P.C. 111, Oman
| | - Dia Eddin Nassani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hasan Kalyoncu University, 27500, Gaziantep, Turkey
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6
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Zhang J, Huang B, Tang T. Effect of co-culture with Halomonas mongoliensis on Dunaliella salina growth and phenol degradation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1072868. [PMID: 36479431 PMCID: PMC9720160 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1072868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The discharge of industrial phenol wastewater has caused great harm to the environment. This study aims to construct microalgae and bacteria co-culture system to remove phenol from simulated high-salt phenol wastewater and accumulate microalgae biomass. The degradation of phenol by marine microalgae Dunaliella salina (D. salina) and phenol-degrading bacteria Halomonas mongoliensis (H. mongoliensis) was investigated preliminarily, and then the effects of co-culture H. mongoliensis and D. salina on the degradation of phenol and the growth of D. salina were studied. The effects of D. salina/H. mongoliensis inoculation ratio, light intensity, temperature and pH on the performance of the co-culture system were systematically evaluated and optimized. The optimal conditions for phenol degradation were as follows: a D. salina/H. mongoliensis inoculation ratio of 2:1, a light intensity of 120 μmol m-2 s-1, a temperature of 25°C and a pH around 7.5. Under optimal conditions, this co-culture system could completely degrade 400 mg L-1 of phenol within 5 days. Correspondingly, the phenol degradation rate of D. salina monoculture was only 30.3% ± 1.3% within 5 days. Meanwhile, the maximum biomass concentration of D. salina in coculture was 1.7 times compared to the monoculture. This study suggested that this coculture system had great potential for the bioremediation of phenol contaminants and accumulate microalgae biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Tang
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science & Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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7
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8
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Shi W, Feng X, Liu Y, Zhang B, Lens PNL. Role of rotating speed on the stability of a self-sustaining algal-bacterial photo-granules process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 353:127134. [PMID: 35405212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of rotating speed (120, 130, 140 and 150 rpm) of a photo-reactor on the self-sustaining algal-bacterial photo-granules sludge (ABPG) was investigated in this study. The ABPG process maintained good granular stability at 140 rpm with an integrity coefficient of 3.0% and excellent nutrient removal. The increases of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content, the portions of α-helix (32.37%) in the secondary protein structure, and the relative abundance of functional bacteria (e.g. Candidatus_Competibacter), contributed to the maintenance of granular structure stability. However, the lower rotating speed (120 and 130 rpm) resulted in slow bacterial growth and reproduction while a higher rotating speed (150 rpm) caused the disintegration of photo-granules. Overall, the results reveal the influencing mechanisms of photo-reactor rotating speed on the self-sustaining ABPG process and provide an effective approach to maintain the system stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Shi
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xueli Feng
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2601, DA, Delft, The Netherlands
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9
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Efficient treatment of phenol wastewater by co-culture of Chlorella vulgaris and Candida tropicalis. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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10
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Recent advances in the treatment of lignin in papermaking wastewater. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:116. [PMID: 35593964 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
More than 695.7 million m3 of papermaking wastewater is discharged globally. It contains a mixture of complex pollutants, of which lignin is the major constituent (600-1000 mg/L) of papermaking black liquor, making it the second-largest energy-containing biomass globally and accounting for 47.4% and 59.4% of chemical oxygen demand (16,400 ± 120 mg/L) and chroma (3100 ± 22.32 mg/L) of papermaking wastewater. The complex process and dissolved pollutants are responsible for high pH, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, dark color, and toxicity. Papermaking wastewater has emerged as a substantial source of environmental pollution as the conventional wastewater treatment processes are high cost and seldom efficacious. This work introduces the shortcomings of the common treatment methods for papermaking wastewater and lignin, focusing on lignin biodegradation and discussing the metabolic pathways and application prospects of lignin-degrading microbial species. A comprehensive review of the existing lignin treatment methods has proposed that the reasonable amalgamation of biodegradation and various physicochemical techniques are environmentally friendly, sustainable, and economical. Lignin extraction from papermaking wastewater by technology combination is an effective approach to recover valuable organic materials and detoxify wastewater. This review focuses on recent breakthroughs and future trends in papermaking wastewater treatment and lignin removal, with special emphasis on biodegradation, recovery, and utilization of lignin, providing guidance for the mechanism exploration of lignin-degrading microorganisms and the optimization of high-value chemical production.
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11
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Tamang M, Paul KK. Advances in treatment of coking wastewater - a state of art review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:449-473. [PMID: 35050895 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coking wastewater poses a serious threat to the environment due to the presence of a wide spectrum of refractory substances such as phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds. These toxic substances are difficult to treat using conventional treatment methods alone. In recent years much attention has been given to the effective treatment of coking wastewater. Thus, this review seeks to provide a brief overview of recent developments that have taken place in the treatment of coking wastewater. In addition, this article addresses the complexity and the problems associated with treatment followed by a discussion on biological methods with special focus on bioaugmentation. As coking wastewater is refractory in nature, some of the studies have been related to improving the biodegradability of wastewater. The final section focuses on the integrated treatment methods that have emerged as the best solution for tackling the highly unmanageable coking wastewater. Attention has also been given to emerging microwave technology which has tremendous potential for treatment of coking wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Tamang
- Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India E-mail:
| | - Kakoli Karar Paul
- Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India E-mail:
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12
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Gondi R, Kavitha S, Yukesh Kannah R, Parthiba Karthikeyan O, Kumar G, Kumar Tyagi V, Rajesh Banu J. Algal-based system for removal of emerging pollutants from wastewater: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126245. [PMID: 34743994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bioremediation of emerging pollutants in wastewater via algal biotechnology has been emerging as a cost-effective and low-energy input technological solution. However, the algal bioremediation technology is still not fully developed at a commercial level. The development of different technologies and new strategies to cater specific needs have been studied. The existence of multiple emerging pollutants and the selection of microalgal species is a major concern. The rate of algal bioremediation is influenced by various factors, including accidental contaminations and operational conditions in the pilot-scale studies. Algal-bioremediation can be combined with existing treatment technologies for efficient removal of emerging pollutants from wastewater. This review mainly focuses on algal-bioremediation systems for wastewater treatment and pollutant removal, the impact of emerging pollutants in the environment, selection of potential microalgal species, mechanisms involved, and challenges in removing emerging pollutants using algal-bioremediation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gondi
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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13
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14
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Singh H, Kumar N, Mishra BK. Understanding the by-product formation potential during phenol oxidation from in-situ electro-generated radicals by microalgae harvesting. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3533-3545. [PMID: 32085687 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1733675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes have gained colossal attention owing to the prospect of accessible mineralization, but by-product formation and its toxicity evaluation are still inconclusive. The present study demonstrated the performance of electrochemical oxidation process supported with graphite electrodes for the oxidation of phenol from modulated coke oven wastewater. The results suggested that the hydrogen peroxide along with the in-situ synthesized oxidizing agents has the ability to increase the phenol mineralization 1.5 times and by-product toxicity potential on microalgae, Scenedesmus sp. CBIIT(ISM) also revealed that chlorophyll-a synthesis has increased after the electro-oxidation process in coke oven wastewater. The experimental results for phenol mineralization and by-product formation were validated using a mass spectrophotometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariraj Singh
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, India
| | - Niwas Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, India
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15
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Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Varjani S, Jeevanantham S, Yaashikaa PR, Thamarai P, Abirami B, George CS. A review on algal-bacterial symbiotic system for effective treatment of wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129540. [PMID: 33434824 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization, urbanization and other anthropogenic activities releases different organic and inorganic toxic chemicals into the environment which prompted the water contamination in the environment. Different physical and chemical techniques have been employed to treat the contaminated wastewater, among them biological wastewater treatment using algae has been studied extensively to overwhelm the constraints related to the usually utilized wastewater treatment techniques. The presence of bacterial biota in the wastewater will form a bond with algae and act as a natural water purification system. The removal efficiency of single algae systems was very low in contrast with that of algal-bacterial systems. Heterotrophic microorganisms separate natural organic matter that is discharged by algae as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and discharges CO2 that the algae can take up for photosynthesis. Algae bacteria associations offer an exquisite answer for tertiary and scrape medicines because of the capacity of micro-algae to exploit inorganic compounds for their development. Furthermore, for their ability to evacuate noxious contaminants, in this way, it does not prompt optional contamination. The present review contribute the outline of algae-bacteria symbiotic relationship and their applications in the wastewater treatment. The role of algae and bacteria in the wastewater treatment have been elucidated in this review. Moreover, the efforts have been imparted the importance of alage-bacteria consortium and its applications for various pollutant removal from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105 India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India
| | - S Jeevanantham
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105 India
| | - P R Yaashikaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India
| | - P Thamarai
- Department of Food Technology, JCT College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641105, India
| | - B Abirami
- Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - Cynthia Susan George
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India
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16
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Khoo KS, Chia WY, Chew KW, Show PL. Microalgal-Bacterial Consortia as Future Prospect in Wastewater Bioremediation, Environmental Management and Bioenergy Production. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:262-269. [PMID: 34294991 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, microalgae have captured researchers' attention as the alternative feedstock for various bioenergy production such as biodiesel, biohydrogen, and bioethanol. Cultivating microalgae in wastewaters to simultaneously bioremediate the nutrient-rich wastewater and maintain a high biomass yield is a more economical and environmentally friendly approach. The incorporation of algal-bacterial interaction reveals the mutual relationship of microorganisms where algae are primary producers of organic compounds from CO2, and heterotrophic bacteria are secondary consumers decomposing the organic compounds produced from algae. This review would provide an insight on the challenges and future development of algal-bacterial consortium and its contribution in promoting a sustainable route to greener industry. It is believed that microalgal-bacterial consortia will be implemented in the near-future for sub-sequential treatment of wastewater bioremediation, bioenergy production and CO2 fixation, promoting sustainability and making extraordinary advancement in life sciences sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Wen Yi Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor Malaysia.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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17
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Zhang L, Loh KC, Kuroki A, Dai Y, Tong YW. Microbial biodiesel production from industrial organic wastes by oleaginous microorganisms: Current status and prospects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123543. [PMID: 32739727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to encourage the technical development of microbial biodiesel production from industrial-organic-wastes-derived volatile fatty acids (VFAs). To this end, this article summarizes the current status of several key technical steps during microbial biodiesel production, including (1) acidogenic fermentation of bio-wastes for VFA collection, (2) lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms, (3) microbial lipid extraction, (4) transesterification of microbial lipids into crude biodiesel, and (5) crude biodiesel purification. The emerging membrane-based bioprocesses such as electrodialysis, forward osmosis and membrane distillation, are promising approaches as they could help tackle technical challenges related to the separation and recovery of VFAs from the fermentation broth. The genetic engineering and metabolic engineering approaches could be applied to design microbial species with higher lipid productivity and rapid growth rate for enhanced fatty acids synthesis. The enhanced in situ transesterification technologies aided by microwave, ultrasound and supercritical solvents are also recommended for future research. Technical limitations and cost-effectiveness of microbial biodiesel production from bio-wastes are also discussed, in regard to its potential industrial development. Based on the overview on microbial biodiesel technologies, an integrated biodiesel production line incorporating all the critical technical steps is proposed for unified management and continuous optimization for highly efficient biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, 138602, Singapore
| | - Kai-Chee Loh
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Agnès Kuroki
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, 138602, Singapore
| | - Yanjun Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
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18
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El-Gendy NS, Nassar HN. Phycoremediation of phenol-polluted petro-industrial effluents and its techno-economic values as a win-win process for a green environment, sustainable energy and bioproducts. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1621-1638. [PMID: 33386652 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of the toxic phenol-polluted petro-industrial effluents (PPPIE) has severe environmental negative impacts, thus it is mandatory to be treated before its discharge. The objective of this review was to discuss the sustainable application of microalgae in phenols degradation, with a special emphasis on the enzymes involved in this bioprocess and the factors affecting the success of PPPIE phycoremediation. Moreover, it confers the microalgae bioenergetic strategies to degrade different forms of phenols in PPPIE. It also points out the advantages of the latest application of bacteria, fungi and microalgae as microbial consortia in phenols biodegradation. Briefly, phycoremediation of PPPIE consumes carbon dioxide emitted from petro-industries for; valorization of the polluted water to be reused and production of algal biomass which can act as a source of energy for such integrated bioprocess. Besides, the harvested algal biomass can feasibly produce; third-generation biofuels, biorefineries, bioplastics, fish and animal feed, food supplements, natural dyes, antioxidants and many other valuable products. Consequently, this review precisely confirms that the phycoremediation of PPPIE is a win-win process for a green environment and a sustainable future. Thus, to achieve the three pillars of sustainability; social, environmental and economic; it is recommendable to integrate PPPIE treatment with algal cultivation. This integrated process would overcome the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and climate change, solve the problem of water-scarce, and protect the environment from the harmful negative impacts of PPPIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sh El-Gendy
- Department of Process Design and Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, PO 11727, Egypt.,Center of Excellence, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Giza, PO 12566, Egypt.,Nanobiotechnology Program, Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, PO 12588, Egypt
| | - H N Nassar
- Department of Process Design and Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, PO 11727, Egypt.,Center of Excellence, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Giza, PO 12566, Egypt.,Nanobiotechnology Program, Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, PO 12588, Egypt
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19
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Yi T, Shan Y, Huang B, Tang T, Wei W, Quinn NWT. An efficient Chlorella sp.-Cupriavidus necator microcosm for phenol degradation and its cooperation mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140775. [PMID: 32663680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A Chlorella sp.-Cupriavidus necator (C. necator) microcosm was artificially established for phenol degradation. The cooperation relationship between Chlorella sp. and C. necator was initially demonstrated, and then the effects of Chlorella sp./C. necator inoculation ratio, light intensity, temperature and pH on the performance of this microcosm were systematically evaluated and optimized. The optimal conditions for phenol degradation were as follows: a Chlorella sp./C. necator inoculation ratio of 1:1, a light intensity of 110 μmol m-2 s-1, a temperature in the range of 25-32 °C and a pH in the range of 5.5-7.5. Under optimal conditions, this microcosm could degrade phenol with a maximum concentration of 1200 mg L-1 within 60 h. It was found that only when the phenol concentration was reduced to the tolerance concentration of microalgae, that is, the last stage of phenol degradation, the cooperation effect could be generated, indicating that the tolerance of microalgae to phenol may be more important than its degradation performance. Comparative transcriptomic analysis was conducted to discuss the cooperation mechanism of this microcosm subject to high phenol concentrations. The up-regulation of genes involved in photosynthesis and carbon fixation of Chlorella sp. demonstrated the CO2 and O2 exchange between Chlorella sp. and C. necator and their cooperation relationship. This study suggests that this microcosm has great potential for the bioremediation of phenol contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yi
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science & Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ying Shan
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science & Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bo Huang
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science & Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tao Tang
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science & Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California 94720, USA.
| | - Wei Wei
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science & Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Nigel W T Quinn
- Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California 94720, USA
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20
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Kim I, Choi GG, Nam SW, Yang HM, Park CW, Seo BK, Choi KM, Park SM, Ryu BG. Enhanced removal of cesium by potassium-starved microalga, Desmodesmus armatus SCK, under photoheterotrophic condition with magnetic separation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126482. [PMID: 32222520 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of using photoheterotrophic microalga, Desmodesmus armatus SCK, for removal of cesium (Cs+) followed by recovery process using magnetic nanoparticles. The comparison of three microalgae results indicated that D. armatus SCK removed the most Cs+ at both 25 °C and 10 °C. The results also revealed that the use of microalga grown in potassium (K+)-starved condition improves the accumulation of Cs+. Heterotrophic mode with addition of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), especially acetic acids (HAc), also enhanced removal of Cs+ by K+-starved D. armatus SCK; maximum removal efficiency of Cs+ was almost 2-fold higher than that of cells grown without organic carbon source. The Cs+ taken up by this microalga was efficiently harvested using magnetic nanoparticles, polydiallyldimethylammonium (PDDA)-FeO3. Finally, this strain eliminated more than 99% of radioactive 137Cs from solutions of 10, 100, and 1000 Bq mL-1. Therefore, use of K+-starved microalga, D. armatus SCK, with VFAs could be promising means to remove the Cs from the liquid wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgook Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeokdaero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Guk Choi
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Nam
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, 137, Donam 2-gil, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Man Yang
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeokdaero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeokdaero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Kyoung Seo
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeokdaero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min Choi
- Bio-Resource Industrialization Center, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, 137, Donam 2-gil, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567, Baekjae-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gon Ryu
- Bio-Resource Industrialization Center, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, 137, Donam 2-gil, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37242, Republic of Korea.
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21
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An assessment of heterotrophy and mixotrophy in Scenedesmus and its utilization in wastewater treatment. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Shahid A, Malik S, Zhu H, Xu J, Nawaz MZ, Nawaz S, Asraful Alam M, Mehmood MA. Cultivating microalgae in wastewater for biomass production, pollutant removal, and atmospheric carbon mitigation; a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135303. [PMID: 31818584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage is one of the leading global problems along with the depletion of energy resources and environmental deterioration. Recent industrialization, global mobility, and increasing population have adversely affected the freshwater resources. The wastewater sources are categorized as domestic, agricultural and industrial effluents and their disposal into water bodies poses a harmful impact on human and animal health due to the presence of higher amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, heavy metals and other organic/inorganic pollutants. Several conventional treatment methods have been employed, but none of those can be termed as a universal method due to their high cost, less efficiency, and non-environment friendly nature. Alternatively, wastewater treatment using microalgae (phycoremediation) offers several advantages over chemical-based treatment methods. Microalgae cultivation using wastewater offers the highest atmospheric carbon fixation rate (1.83 kg CO2/kg of biomass) and fastest biomass productivity (40-50% higher than terrestrial crops) among all terrestrial bio-remediators with concomitant pollutant removal (80-100%). Moreover, the algal biomass may contain high-value metabolites including omega-3-fatty acids, pigments, amino acids, and high sugar content. Hence, after extraction of high-value compounds, residual biomass can be either directly converted to energy through thermochemical transformation or can be used to produce biofuels through biological fermentation or transesterification. This review highlights the recent advances in microalgal biotechnology to establish a biorefinery approach to treat wastewater. The articulation of wastewater treatment facilities with microalgal biorefinery, the use of microalgal consortia, the possible merits, and demerits of phycoremediation are also discussed. The impact of wastewater-derived nutrient stress and its exploitation to modify the algal metabolite content in view of future concerns of cost-benefit ratios of algal biorefineries is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Shahid
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Malik
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianren Xu
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Muhammad Zohaib Nawaz
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Computer Science, The University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China; Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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23
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Shahid A, Ishfaq M, Ahmad MS, Malik S, Farooq M, Hui Z, Batawi AH, Shafi ME, Aloqbi AA, Gull M, Mehmood MA. Bioenergy potential of the residual microalgal biomass produced in city wastewater assessed through pyrolysis, kinetics and thermodynamics study to design algal biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121701. [PMID: 31271917 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The suitability of integrating biological and thermal transformation of microalgal biomass to design a biorefinery was studied. The mixed cultivation of Chlorella sp. and Bracteacoccus sp. in city wastewater produced 12 g L-1 of biomass (0.77 g L-1 day-1) and removed nitrates and phosphates by 68% and 75%, respectively. Microalgae outcompeted the contaminating microbes by raising the pH of wastewater to 9.93. The lipid-free residual biomass was pyrolyzed at four heating rates (10, 20, 30, 40 °C min-1) which showed a three-stage pyrolysis. The activation energies (182-256 kJ mol-1) and their corresponding lower enthalpies at the conversional fractions from 0.2 to 0.6 indicated that product formation was being favored. The values of pre-exponential factors (1015-17 s-1), Gibbs free energy (159-190 kJ mol-1) and entropy (43-81 J mol-1) showed efficient pyrolysis. The data may lead to establish a robust microalgal biorefinery to produce biomass and energy along with primary treatment of city wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Shahid
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Ahmad
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 430068, China
| | - Sana Malik
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zhu Hui
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Ashwaq Hassan Batawi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Esam Shafi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Munazza Gull
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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24
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Kim D, Kim S, Han JI, Yang JW, Chang YK, Ryu BG. Carbon balance of major volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in recycling algal residue via a VFA-platform for reproduction of algal biomass. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 237:228-234. [PMID: 30798041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of a carbon recycling system that transforms algal residue to volatile fatty acids (VFAs) for re-cultivating microalgae was evaluated based on a carbon balance analysis of major VFAs consisting of acetate (HAc), propionate (HPr), and butyrate (HBu). This system largely involves two processes: (i) bioconversion of algal residue to VFAs by anaerobic fermentation, and (ii) cultivation of microalgae using the produced VFAs. The carbon balance for each unit process was examined to assess how much carbon in algal residue can be converted to these major VFAs and then assimilated to microalgae biomass. First, the yield and the profile of VFAs from raw algae (RA) and lipid-extracted algae (LEA) at psychrophilic (15 °C), mesophilic (35 °C), and thermophilic conditions (55 °C) were compared. When digesting the LEA under the thermophilic condition, the highest conversion yield, 0.36 (g carbon in VFAs/g carbon in biomass), with a compositional ratio of 6:1:3 (HAc: HPr: HBu) was obtained. Consumption of VFAs for microalgal growth reached a maximum value of 0.66 (g VFAs assimilated to biomass/g VFAs provided) at the compositional ratio of 6:1:3. Consequently, the maximum total carbon recycling ratio was 23.8% when fermenting LEA at the thermophilic condition. Our findings comprehensively revealed that establishing conditions that convert LEA to higher content of acetate is a decisive factor. It was estimated that around 40% of the total carbon from the LEA can be recovered for the production of algal biomass, when increasing the VFA conversion yield beyond 60% by adopting pretreatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Sungwhan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Byung-Gon Ryu
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, 137, Donam 2-gil, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37242, South Korea.
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25
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Perera IA, Abinandan S, Subashchandrabose SR, Venkateswarlu K, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Advances in the technologies for studying consortia of bacteria and cyanobacteria/microalgae in wastewaters. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:709-731. [PMID: 30971144 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1597828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The excessive generation and discharge of wastewaters have been serious concerns worldwide in the recent past. From an environmental friendly perspective, bacteria, cyanobacteria and microalgae, and the consortia have been largely considered for biological treatment of wastewaters. For efficient use of bacteria‒cyanobacteria/microalgae consortia in wastewater treatment, detailed knowledge on their structure, behavior and interaction is essential. In this direction, specific analytical tools and techniques play a significant role in studying these consortia. This review presents a critical perspective on physical, biochemical and molecular techniques such as microscopy, flow cytometry with cell sorting, nanoSIMS and omics approaches used for systematic investigations of the structure and function, particularly nutrient removal potential of bacteria‒cyanobacteria/microalgae consortia. In particular, the use of specific molecular techniques of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics metabolomics and genetic engineering to develop more stable consortia of bacteria and cyanobacteria/microalgae with their improved biotechnological capabilities in wastewater treatment has been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isiri Adhiwarie Perera
- a Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Sudharsanam Abinandan
- a Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Suresh R Subashchandrabose
- a Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia.,b Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE) , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- c Formerly Department of Microbiology , Sri Krishnadevaraya University , Anantapuramu , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Ravi Naidu
- a Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia.,b Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE) , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- a Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia.,b Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE) , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia
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26
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Zhu S, Qin L, Feng P, Shang C, Wang Z, Yuan Z. Treatment of low C/N ratio wastewater and biomass production using co-culture of Chlorella vulgaris and activated sludge in a batch photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 274:313-320. [PMID: 30529478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the performance of pollutants removal and biomass production by co-culture of Chlorella vulgaris and activated sludge in a batch photobioreactor (PBR), compared with their single system to treat a low C/N ratio (COD/N = 4.3) wastewater. The co-culture system surpassed activated sludge system in terms of nutrients removal and outperformed microalgae alone system in regard to COD removal. Biomass productivity of the co-culture system was 343.3 mg L-1 d-1, and the harvested biomass could be developed as biofuels, animal feeds or soil conditioners due to the improved calorific value and cellular composition compared with activated sludge. The low C/N ratio wastewater enabled bacteria to maintain a relatively low level, hence in favor of microalgae enrichment and nutrient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunni Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Pingzhong Feng
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Changhua Shang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhenhong Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zhang X, Yuan H, Jiang Z, Lin D, Zhang X. Impact of surface tension of wastewater on biofilm formation of microalgae Chlorella sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 266:498-506. [PMID: 29990766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The organic matter and surfactants in wastewater may cause variations in the surface tension of wastewater (STW) ranging between ∼40 and ∼70 mJ·m-2. This study focused on the influence of STW on microalgae biofilm formation. A theoretical analysis was first conducted, and then microalgae biofilm formation on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrata in liquid and real wastewater with different surface tensions was studied. The results demonstrated that STW affected microalgae biofilm formation remarkably. When the surface tension of liquid medium (γlv) was approximately equal to the average value of surface free energy of microalgae and substrata, biofilm formation reached the minimum. Microalgae biofilm formation on a hydrophilic surface first decreased (from ∼2200 to ∼1500 cells/mm2) and then increased (from ∼1500 to 3100 cells/mm2) with the decrease in γlv (from ∼70 to ∼40 mJ·m-2), whereas biofilm on a hydrophobic surface continued to decrease (from ∼2500 to 1000 cells/mm2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Energy Saving and Environmental Protection, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zeyi Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Dahao Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Chen CY, Chang YH. Engineering strategies for enhancing C. vulgaris ESP-31 lipid production using effluents of coke-making wastewater. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:710-716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ranjan B, Pillai S, Permaul K, Singh S. A novel strategy for the efficient removal of toxic cyanate by the combinatorial use of recombinant enzymes immobilized on aminosilane modified magnetic nanoparticles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 253:105-111. [PMID: 29331825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyanase detoxifies cyanate by transforming it to ammonia and carbon dioxide in a bicarbonate-dependent reaction, however, dependence on bicarbonate limits its utilization in large-scale applications. A novel strategy was therefore developed for overcoming this bottleneck by the combined application of cyanase (rTl-Cyn) and carbonic anhydrase (rTl-CA). The synergistic effect of rTl-Cyn and rTl-CA could reduce the dependence of bicarbonate by 80%, compared to using rTl-Cyn alone. Complete degradation of cyanate (4 mM) was achieved with buffered conditions and 85 ± 5% degradation with industrial wastewater sample, when 20 U of rTl-Cyn was applied. Furthermore, a similar percentage of degradation was achieved using 80% less bicarbonate, when rTl-Cyn and rTl-CA were used together under identical conditions. In addition, rTl-Cyn and rTl-CA were immobilized onto the magnetic nanoparticles and their catalytic activity, stability and reusability were also evaluated. This is the first report on the synergistic biocatalysis by rTl-Cyn and rTl-CA, for cyanate detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti Ranjan
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Santhosh Pillai
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Kugenthiren Permaul
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Suren Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa.
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