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Mao BD, Vadiveloo A, Qiu J, Gao F. Artificial photosynthesis: Promising approach for the efficient production of high-value bioproducts by microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 401:130718. [PMID: 38641303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Recently, microalgae had received extensive attention for carbon capture and utilization. But its overall efficiency still could not reach a satisfactory degree. Artificial photosynthesis showed better efficiency in the conversion of carbon dioxide. However, artificial photosynthesis could generally only produce C1-C3 organic matters at present. Some studies showed that heterotrophic microalgae can efficiently synthesize high value organic matters by using simple organic matter such as acetate. Therefore, the combination of artificial photosynthesis with heterotrophic microalgae culture showed great potential for efficient carbon capture and high-value organic matter production. This article systematically analyzed the characteristics and challenges of carbon dioxide conversion by microalgae and artificial photosynthesis. On this basis, the coupling mode and development trend of artificial photosynthesis combined with microalgae culture were discussed. In summary, the combination of artificial photosynthesis and microalgae culture has great potential in the field of carbon capture and utilization, and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Di Mao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Ashiwin Vadiveloo
- Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Jian Qiu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China.
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2
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Su H, Wang K, Lian J, Wang L, He Y, Li M, Han D, Hu Q. Advanced treatment and Resource recovery of brewery wastewater by Co-cultivation of filamentous microalga Tribonema aequale and autochthonous Bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119285. [PMID: 37862895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
To use unicellular microalgae to remove waste nutrients from brewery wastewater while converting them into algal biomass has been explored but high-cost treatment and low-value biomass associated with current technologies have prevented this concept from further attempts. In this study, a filamentous microalga Tribonema aequale was introduced and the alga can grow vigorously in brewery wastewater and algal biomass concentration could be as high as 6.45 g L-1 which can be harvested by a cost-effective filtration method. The alga together with autochthonous bacteria removed majority of waste nutrients from brewery wastewater. Specifically, 85.39% total organic carbon (TOC), 79.53% total dissolved nitrogen (TN), 93.38% ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and 71.33% total dissolved phosphorus (TP) in brewery wastewater were rapidly removed by co-cultivation of T. aequale and autochthonous bacteria. Treated wastewater met the national wastewater discharge quality, and resulting algal biomass contained large amounts of high-value products chrysolaminarin, palmitoleic acid (PLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). It is anticipated that reduced cost of algal harvesting coupled with value-added biomass could make T. aequale as a promising candidate for brewery wastewater treatment and resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Lian
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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3
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Ma M, Yang W, Chen H, Ke W, Gong Y, Hu Q. Transcriptional profile reveals the physiological responses to prey availability in the mixotrophic chrysophyte Poterioochromonas malhamensis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1173541. [PMID: 37860135 PMCID: PMC10582637 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1173541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixotrophic flagellates, which have diverse nutritional modes and play important roles in connecting the microbial loop with the classical food chain, are ideal models to study the mechanisms of adaptation between different nutritional modes in protists. In their natural ecosystems, mixotrophic flagellates may encounter microalgal prey of different digestibility, which may affect the carbon flow. To date, a molecular biological view of the metabolic processes in the mixotrophic flagellate Poterioochromonas malhamensis during nutritional adaptation and feeding on microalgal prey of different digestibility is still lacking. Accordingly, this study focused on the gene expression differences in P. malhamensis under autotrophy, being fed by the digestible microalga Chlorella sorokiniana GT-1, and being fed by the indigestible microalga C. sorokiniana CMBB-146. Results showed that the growth rate of P. malhamensis under autotrophy was much lower than that when fed by digestible microalgae. Addition of C. sorokiniana CMBB-146 could only increase the growth rate of P. malhamensis in the first 3 days, but the cell concentration of P. malhamensis started to decrease gradually after 4 days. Compared to autotrophic P. malhamensis, total 6,583 and 3,510 genes were significantly and differentially expressed in P. malhamensis fed by digestible microalgae and indigestible microalgae, respectively. Compared to autotrophic cells, genes related to the ribosome, lysosome, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, β-oxidation, duplication, and β-1,3-glucan in P. malhamensis grazing on digestible prey were up-regulated, while genes related to light harvesting and key enzymes referring to chlorophyll were down-regulated. Genes related to apoptosis and necrosis in P. malhamensis were up-regulated after grazing on indigestible microalgae compared to the autotrophic group, which we suggest is associated with the up-regulation of genes related to lysosome enzymes. This study provides abundant information on the potential intracellular physiological responses of P. malhamensis during the process of nutritional adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Ma
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanwan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingchun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Lauritano C, Galasso C. Microbial Interactions between Marine Microalgae and Fungi: From Chemical Ecology to Biotechnological Possible Applications. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050310. [PMID: 37233504 DOI: 10.3390/md21050310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical interactions have been shown to regulate several marine life processes, including selection of food sources, defense, behavior, predation, and mate recognition. These chemical communication signals have effects not only at the individual scale, but also at population and community levels. This review focuses on chemical interactions between marine fungi and microalgae, summarizing studies on compounds synthetized when they are cultured together. In the current study, we also highlight possible biotechnological outcomes of the synthetized metabolites, mainly for human health applications. In addition, we discuss applications for bio-flocculation and bioremediation. Finally, we point out the necessity of further investigating microalgae-fungi chemical interactions because it is a field still less explored compared to microalga-bacteria communication and, considering the promising results obtained until now, it is worthy of further research for scientific advancement in both ecology and biotechnology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton n. 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Christian Galasso
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Calabria Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, C. da Torre Spaccata, 87071 Amendolara, Italy
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5
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Vignaud J, Loiseau C, Hérault J, Mayer C, Côme M, Martin I, Ulmann L. Microalgae Produce Antioxidant Molecules with Potential Preventive Effects on Mitochondrial Functions and Skeletal Muscular Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051050. [PMID: 37237915 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microalgae have become a source of molecules for a healthy life. Their composition of carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, vitamins and carotenoids makes them a promising new source of antioxidant molecules. Skeletal muscle is a tissue that requires constant remodeling via protein turnover, and its regular functioning consumes energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is produced by mitochondria. Under conditions of traumatic exercise or muscular diseases, a high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the origin of oxidative stress (OS) will lead to inflammation and muscle atrophy, with life-long consequences. In this review, we describe the potential antioxidant effects of microalgae and their biomolecules on mitochondrial functions and skeletal muscular oxidative stress during exercises or in musculoskeletal diseases, as in sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), through the increase in and regulation of antioxidant pathways and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vignaud
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Céline Loiseau
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Josiane Hérault
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Claire Mayer
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Martine Côme
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Isabelle Martin
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
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6
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Jin H, Guo Y, Li Y, Chen B, Ma H, Wang H, Wang L, Yuan D. Effective fucoxanthin production in the flagellate alga Poterioochromonas malhamensis by coupling heterotrophic high-cell-density fermentation with illumination. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1074850. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1074850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular flagellate algae Poterioochromonas malhamensis is a potential fucoxanthin-rich resource for sustainable and cost-effective fucoxanthin production. Light and nutrients are critical regulators for the accumulation of fucoxanthin in P. malhamensis. In this study, the maximum fucoxanthin yield of 50.5 mg L−1 and productivity of 6.31 mg L−1 d−1 were achieved by coupling high-cell-density fermentation with illumination. It was found that the combined use of organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) nutrition could improve the fucoxanthin yield as single inorganic or organic N had limitation to enhance cell growth and fucoxanthin accumulation. White light was the optimal light quality for fucoxanthin accumulation. Under white light and a moderate light intensity of 150 μmol m−2 s−1, the highest biomass concentration and fucoxanthin content reached 32.9 g L−1 and 1.56 mg g−1 of dry cell weight (DCW), respectively. This is the first study on effective fucoxanthin production in P. malhamensis by integrating illumination with high-cell-density fermentation, which paved the way for further development of P. malhamensis as a potential source for commercial fucoxanthin production.
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7
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Yang Y, Hassan SH, Awasthi MK, Gajendran B, Sharma M, Ji MK, Salama ES. The recent progress on the bioactive compounds from algal biomass for human health applications. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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8
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Mixotrophic Cultivation Optimization of Microalga Euglena pisciformis AEW501 for Paramylon Production. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080518. [PMID: 36005522 PMCID: PMC9410504 DOI: 10.3390/md20080518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Euglena, a flagellated unicellular protist, has recently received widespread attention for various high-value metabolites, especially paramylon, which was only found in Euglenophyta. The limited species and low biomass of Euglena has impeded paramylon exploitation and utilization. This study established an optimal cultivation method of Euglena pisciformis AEW501 for paramylon production under mixotrophic cultivation. The results showed that the optimum mixotrophic conditions were 20 °C, pH 7.0, and 63 μmol photons m-2∙s-1, and the concentrations of sodium acetate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate were 0.98 g L-1 and 0.79 g L-1, respectively. The maximal biomass and paramylon content were 0.72 g L-1 and 71.39% of dry weight. The algal powder contained more than 16 amino acids, 6 vitamins, and 10 unsaturated fatty acids under the optimal cultivation. E. pisciformis paramylon was pure β-1,3-glucan-type polysaccharide (the purity was up to 99.13 ± 0.61%) composed of linear glucose chains linked together by β-1,3-glycosidic bonds. These findings present a valuable basis for the industrial exploitation of paramylon with E. pisciformis AEW501.
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9
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Reis M, de Toledo A, da Silva A, Poczynek M, Cantor M, Virgínío Júnior G, Greco L, Bittar C. Effect of supplementation with algae β-glucans on performance, health, and blood metabolites of Holstein dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7998-8007. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Chen C, Tang T, Shi Q, Zhou Z, Fan J. The potential and challenge of microalgae as promising future food sources. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Nutrient Deprivation Coupled with High Light Exposure for Bioactive Chrysolaminarin Production in the Marine Microalga Isochrysis zhangjiangensis. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060351. [PMID: 35736154 PMCID: PMC9225646 DOI: 10.3390/md20060351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysolaminarin, a kind of water-soluble bioactive β-glucan produced by certain microalgae, is a potential candidate for food/pharmaceutical applications. This study identified a marine microalga Isochrysis zhangjiangensis, in which chrysolaminarin production was investigated via nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur) deprivations (-N, -P, or -S conditions) along with an increase in light intensity. A characterization of the antioxidant activities of the chrysolaminarin produced under each condition was also conducted. The results showed that nutrient deprivation caused a significant increase in chrysolaminarin accumulation, though this was accompanied by diminished biomass production and photosynthetic activity. -S was the best strategy to induce chrysolaminarin accumulation. An increase in light intensity from 80 (LL) to 150 (HL) µE·m−2·s−1 further enhanced chrysolaminarin production. Compared with -N, -S caused more suitable stress and reduced carbon allocation toward neutral lipid production, which enabled a higher chrysolaminarin accumulation capacity. The highest chrysolaminarin content and concentration reached 41.7% of dry weight (%DW) and 632.2 mg/L, respectively, under HL-S, with a corresponding productivity of 155.1 mg/L/day achieved, which exceeds most of the photoautotrophic microalgae previously reported. The chrysolaminarin produced under HL-N (Iz-N) had a relatively competitive hydroxyl radical scavenging activity at low concentrations, while the chrysolaminarin produced under HL-S (Iz-S) exhibited an overall better activity, comparable to the commercial yeast β-glucan, demonstrating I. zhangjiangensis as a promising bioactive chrysolaminarin producer from CO2.
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12
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Effects of Nutritional Mode on the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of the Mixotrophic Flagellate Poterioochromonas malhamensis and the Potential Ecological Implications. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050852. [PMID: 35630297 PMCID: PMC9147812 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixotrophic flagellates play an important role in connecting the classical food chain and microbial food loop. The feeding characteristics of the mixotrophic flagellate Poterioochromonasmalhamensis have been well studied, but its role as a food source for other large zooplankton is less studied. This study focuses on the physiological and biochemical changes in P. malhamensis when using autotrophy, chemoheterotrophy, and phagotrophy, and the effect of these changes on the feeding ability of one of its predators, the ciliate Paramecium caudatum. The results showed that chemoheterotrophic P. malhamensis had a higher growth rate and larger cell size than autotrophic and phagotrophic P. malhamensis. The biochemical composition of P. malhamensis also varied greatly between the three nutritional modes. The protein, total absolute amino acid, and fucoxanthin contents were highest for autotrophic P. malhamensis, while chemoheterotrophic P. malhamensis had the highest contents of total sugar and total absolute fatty acid. The contents of most biochemical components in phagotrophic P. malhamensis fell between those in autotrophic and chemoheterotrophic P. malhamensis. A feeding experiment showed that the grazing ability of P. caudatum on chemoheterotrophic P. malhamensis was significantly higher than that on phagotrophic P. malhamensis and autotrophic P. malhamensis. This study showed that the transformation of nutritional modes can alter the biochemical composition of the mixotrophic flagellate P. malhamensis and, as a result, affect the grazing ability of its predator P. caudatum.
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13
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Xu Q, Hou G, Chen J, Wang H, Yuan L, Han D, Hu Q, Jin H. Heterotrophically Ultrahigh-Cell-Density Cultivation of a High Protein-Yielding Unicellular Alga Chlorella With a Novel Nitrogen-Supply Strategy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:774854. [PMID: 34881237 PMCID: PMC8646024 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.774854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular green alga Chlorella is an ideal protein source. However, the high production cost and low production capability of the current main photoautotrophic culture mode limit its application especially as an alternative protein source for food and feed, which might be overcome through high-cell-density cultivation in fermenters. In this study, a Chlorella sorokiniana strain CMBB276 with high protein content was selected from five Chlorella strains by comprehensive evaluation of their growth rates, protein contents, and yields. The optimal cultural temperature, pH, and mole ratio of carbon and nitrogen (C/N) for C. sorokiniana CMBB276 growth were found to be 30°C, 6.5, and 18, respectively. Ammonium chloride was proved to be the best nitrogen (N) source for C. sorokiniana CMBB276 growth, whereas growth inhibition caused by the accumulation of salts was observed under fed-batch cultivation when maintaining a constant C/N ratio of 18 by controlling pH with sodium hydroxide solution. By simultaneously reducing the concentration of ammonium chloride in the feeding medium and controlling pH with ammonium hydroxide, we finally achieved the ultrahigh-cell-density cultivation of C. sorokiniana CMBB276. The highest biomass concentration and protein yield reached 232 and 86.55 g l−1, respectively, showing the great potential of culturing C. sorokiniana CMBB276 in fermenters for economic and large-scale protein source production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoli Hou
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Jin
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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14
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Chen J, Yang J, Du H, Aslam M, Wang W, Chen W, Li T, Liu Z, Liu X. Laminarin, a Major Polysaccharide in Stramenopiles. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:576. [PMID: 34677475 PMCID: PMC8541152 DOI: 10.3390/md19100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During the processes of primary and secondary endosymbiosis, different microalgae evolved to synthesis different storage polysaccharides. In stramenopiles, the main storage polysaccharides are β-1,3-glucan, or laminarin, in vacuoles. Currently, laminarin is gaining considerable attention due to its application in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals industries, and also its importance in global biogeochemical cycles (especially in the ocean carbon cycle). In this review, the structures, composition, contents, and bioactivity of laminarin were summarized in different algae. It was shown that the general features of laminarin are species-dependence. Furthermore, the proposed biosynthesis and catabolism pathways of laminarin, functions of key genes, and diel regulation of laminarin were also depicted and comprehensively discussed for the first time. However, the complete pathways, functions of genes, and diel regulatory mechanisms of laminarin require more biomolecular studies. This review provides more useful information and identifies the knowledge gap regarding the future studies of laminarin and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.C.); (H.D.); (M.A.); (W.W.); (W.C.); (T.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jianchao Yang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China;
| | - Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.C.); (H.D.); (M.A.); (W.W.); (W.C.); (T.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Muhmmad Aslam
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.C.); (H.D.); (M.A.); (W.W.); (W.C.); (T.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wanna Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.C.); (H.D.); (M.A.); (W.W.); (W.C.); (T.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Weizhou Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.C.); (H.D.); (M.A.); (W.W.); (W.C.); (T.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Tangcheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.C.); (H.D.); (M.A.); (W.W.); (W.C.); (T.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.C.); (H.D.); (M.A.); (W.W.); (W.C.); (T.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
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