1
|
Govindaraj M, Srivastava A, Muthukumaran MK, Tsai PC, Lin YC, Raja BK, Rajendran J, Ponnusamy VK, Arockia Selvi J. Current advancements and prospects of enzymatic and non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126680. [PMID: 37673151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the most current developments and future perspectives in enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose sensors, which have notably evolved over the preceding quadrennial period. Furthermore, a thorough exploration encompassed the sensor's intricate fabrication processes, the diverse range of materials employed, the underlying principles of detection, and an in-depth assessment of the sensors' efficacy in detecting glucose levels within essential bodily fluids such as human blood serums, urine, saliva, and interstitial fluids. It is worth noting that the accurate quantification of glucose concentrations within human blood has been effectively achieved by utilizing classical enzymatic sensors harmoniously integrated with optical and electrochemical transduction mechanisms. Monitoring glucose levels in various mediums has attracted exceptional attention from industrial to academic researchers for diabetes management, food quality control, clinical medicine, and bioprocess inspection. There has been an enormous demand for the creation of novel glucose sensors over the past ten years. Research has primarily concentrated on succeeding biocompatible and enhanced sensing abilities related to the present technologies, offering innovative avenues for more effective glucose sensors. Recent developments in wearable optical and electrochemical sensors with low cost, high stability, point-of-care testing, and online tracking of glucose concentration levels in biological fluids can aid in managing and controlling diabetes globally. New nanomaterials and biomolecules that can be used in electrochemical sensor systems to identify glucose concentration levels are developed thanks to advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensors have garnered much interest recently and have made significant strides in detecting glucose levels. In this review, we summarise several categories of non-enzymatic glucose sensor materials, including composites, non-precious transition metals and their metal oxides, hydroxides, precious metals and their alloys, carbon-based materials, conducting polymers, metal-organic framework (MOF)-based electrocatalysts, and wearable device-based glucose sensors deeply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Govindaraj
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Ananya Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Magesh Kumar Muthukumaran
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Bharathi Kannan Raja
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jerome Rajendran
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan.
| | - J Arockia Selvi
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moreira G, Casso-Hartmann L, Datta SPA, Dean D, McLamore E, Vanegas D. Development of a Biosensor Based on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Detection in Human Saliva. FRONTIERS IN SENSORS 2022; 3:917380. [PMID: 35992634 PMCID: PMC9386735 DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2022.917380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19. Infection in humans requires angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2) as the point of entry for SARS-CoV-2. PCR testing is generally definitive but expensive, although it is highly sensitive and accurate. Biosensor-based monitoring could be a low-cost, accurate, and non-invasive approach to improve testing capacity. We develop a capacitive hACE2 biosensor for intact SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes were modified with platinum nanoparticles. The quality control of LIG electrodes was performed using cyclic voltammetry. Truncated hACE2 was used as a biorecognition element and attached to the electrode surface by streptavidin-biotin coupling. Biolayer interferometry was used for qualitative interaction screening of hACE2 with UV-attenuated virions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for signal transduction. Truncated hACE2 binds wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and its variants with greater avidity than human coronavirus (common cold virus). The limit of detection (LoD) is estimated to be 2,960 copies/ml. The detection process usually takes less than 30 min. The strength of these features makes the hACE2 biosensor a potentially low-cost approach for screening SARS-CoV-2 in non-clinical settings with high demand for rapid testing (for example, schools and airports).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geisianny Moreira
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, Cambridge, MI, United States
| | - Lisseth Casso-Hartmann
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Shoumen Palit Austin Datta
- Medical Device (MDPnP) Interoperability and Cybersecurity Labs, Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
- MIT Auto-ID Labs, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Delphine Dean
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors (REDDI Lab), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Eric McLamore
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, Cambridge, MI, United States
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Diana Vanegas
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, Cambridge, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Digital Proxy of a Bio-Reactor (DIYBOT) combines sensor data and data analytics to improve greywater treatment and wastewater management systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8015. [PMID: 32415099 PMCID: PMC7229150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Technologies to treat wastewater in decentralized systems are critical for sustainable development. Bioreactors are suitable for low-energy removal of inorganic and organic compounds, particularly for non-potable applications where a small footprint is required. One of the main problems associated with bioreactor use is sporadic spikes of chemical toxins, including nanoparticles. Here, we describe the development of DIYBOT (Digital Proxy of a Bio-Reactor), which enables remote monitoring of bioreactors and uses the data to inform decisions related to systems management. To test DIYBOT, a household-scale membrane aerated bioreactor with real-time water quality sensors was used to treat household greywater simulant. After reaching steady-state, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) representative of the mixture found in laundry wastewater were injected into the system to represent a chemical contamination. Measurements of carbon metabolism, effluent water quality, biofilm sloughing rate, and microbial diversity were characterized after nanoparticle exposure. Real-time sensor data were analyzed to reconstruct phase-space dynamics and extrapolate a phenomenological digital proxy to evaluate system performance. The management implication of the stable-focus dynamics, reconstructed from observed data, is that the bioreactor self-corrects in response to contamination spikes at AgNP levels below 2.0 mg/L. DIYBOT may help reduce the frequency of human-in-the-loop corrective management actions for wastewater processing.
Collapse
|
4
|
Rivera JF, Sridharan SV, Nolan JK, Miloro SA, Alam MA, Rickus JL, Janes DB. Real-time characterization of uptake kinetics of glioblastoma vs. astrocytes in 2D cell culture using microelectrode array. Analyst 2018; 143:4954-4966. [PMID: 30225487 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01198b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular measurement of uptake/release kinetics and associated concentration dependencies provides mechanistic insight into the underlying biochemical processes. Due to the recognized importance of preserving the natural diffusion processes within the local microenvironment, measurement approaches which provide uptake rate and local surface concentration of adherent cells in static media are needed. This paper reports a microelectrode array device and a methodology to measure uptake kinetics as a function of cell surface concentration in adherent 2D cell cultures in static fluids. The microelectrode array simultaneously measures local concentrations at five positions near the cell surface in order to map the time-dependent concentration profile which in turn enables determination of surface concentrations and uptake rates, via extrapolation to the cell plane. Hydrogen peroxide uptake by human astrocytes (normal) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM43, cancer) was quantified for initial concentrations of 20 to 500 μM over time intervals of 4000 s. For both cell types, the overall uptake rate versus surface concentration relationships exhibited non-linear kinetics, well-described by a combination of linear and Michaelis-Menten mechanisms and in agreement with the literature. The GBM43 cells showed a higher uptake rate over the full range of concentrations, primarily due to a larger linear component. Diffusion-reaction models using the non-linear parameters and standard first-order relationships are compared. In comparison to results from typical volumetric measurements, the ability to extract both uptake rate and surface concentration in static media provides kinetic parameters that are better suited for developing reaction-diffusion models to adequately describe behavior in more complex culture/tissue geometries. The results also highlight the need for characterization of the uptake rate over a wider range of cell surface concentrations in order to evaluate the potential therapeutic role of hydrogen peroxide in cancerous cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Rivera
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hughes G, Pemberton RM, Nicholas P, Hart JP. Fabrication of Miniaturised Screen-printed Glucose Biosensors, Using a Water-based Ink, and the Evaluation of their Electrochemical Behaviour. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Hughes
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences; University of the West of England, Bristol; Coldharbour Lane Bristol BS16 1QY
| | - R. M. Pemberton
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences; University of the West of England, Bristol; Coldharbour Lane Bristol BS16 1QY
| | - P. Nicholas
- The Gwent Group, Gwent Electronic Materials; Gwent Group Ltd.; Monmouth House, Mamhilad Park Pontypool NP4 OHZ UK
| | - J. P. Hart
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences; University of the West of England, Bristol; Coldharbour Lane Bristol BS16 1QY
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Demirbas A, Groszman K, Pazmiño‐Hernandez M, Vanegas DC, Welt B, Hondred JA, Garland NT, Claussen JC, McLamore ES. Cryoconcentration of flavonoid extract for enhanced biophotovoltaics and pH sensitive thin films. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 34:206-217. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Demirbas
- Agricultural and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of FloridaGainesville FL
| | - K. Groszman
- Department of Computational and Applied MathematicsRice UniversityHouston TX
| | - M. Pazmiño‐Hernandez
- Agricultural and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of FloridaGainesville FL
| | - D. C. Vanegas
- Food Engineering DepartmentUniversidad del ValleCali Colombia
| | - B. Welt
- Agricultural and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of FloridaGainesville FL
| | - J. A. Hondred
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentIowa State UniversityIowa City IA
| | - N. T. Garland
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentIowa State UniversityIowa City IA
| | - J. C. Claussen
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentIowa State UniversityIowa City IA
| | - E. S. McLamore
- Agricultural and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of FloridaGainesville FL
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Measuring Spatial and Temporal Oxygen Flux Near Plant Tissues Using a Self-Referencing Optrode. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28871551 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7292-0_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-referencing optrodic microsensing is a noninvasive method for measuring oxygen transport into/from tissues. The sensing mechanism is based on fluorescence quenching by molecular oxygen at the tip of a fiber-optic probe, and facilitates microscale spatial mapping and continuous monitoring at 100-350 mHz sampling frequency. Over the last decade, this technique has been applied for plant tissues, including roots, seeds, leaves, and flowers in both liquid and air. Here, we describe the operating principle of self-referencing optrodic microsensing for the study of plant tissues with a specific focus on juvenile roots.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nasir M, Nawaz MH, Latif U, Yaqub M, Hayat A, Rahim A. An overview on enzyme-mimicking nanomaterials for use in electrochemical and optical assays. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-2036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
Leaf Extract from Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. Promote Glycogen Synthesis in T2DM Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166557. [PMID: 27893760 PMCID: PMC5125604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of leaf extract from Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. on type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the active ingredients of this effect. In addition, this study determined, for the first time, the underlying molecular and pharmacological mechanisms of the extracts on hyperglycemia using long-term double high diet-fed and streptozotocin (STZ) induced type II diabetic mice. In the present study, leaf extract, phloridzin and trilobatin were assessed in vivo (gavage) and in vitro (non-invasive micro-test technique, NMT) in experimental T2DM mice. The biochemical parameters were measured including blood glucose and blood lipid level, liver biochemical indexes, and hepatic glycogen. The relative expression of glycometabolism-related genes was detected. The effect of leaf extracts on physiological glucose flux in liver tissue from control and T2DM mice was also investigated. Body weight of experimental T2DM mice increased significantly after the first week, but stabilized over the subsequent three weeks; body weight of all other groups did not change during the four weeks’ study. After four weeks, all treatment groups decreased blood glucose, and treatment with leaf extract had numerous positive effects: a) promoted in glucose uptake in liver, b) increased synthesis of liver glycogen, c) reduced oxidative stress, d) up-regulation of glucokinase (GK), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) expression in liver, e) down-regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-P) expression, and f) ameliorated blood lipid levels. Both treatment with trilobatin or phloridzin accelerated liver glycogen synthesis, decreased oxidative stress and increased expression of GK. IRS and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were both up-regulated after treatment with trilobatin. Expression of GLUT2, PEPCK and G-6-P were also increased in liver tissue after treatment with phloridzin. Our data indicate that leaf extract from L. polystachyus Rehd. has a preferable hypoglycemic effects than trilobatin or phloridzin alone. Leaf extract significantly increased glucose uptake and hepatic glycogen synthesis while also inducing a decline of hepatic gluconeogenesis and oxidative stress in T2DM mice. From this study, we draw conclusions that L. polystachyus promoted glycogen synthesis in T2DM mice, and that the active compounds were not only the trilobatin or phloridzin.
Collapse
|
10
|
Atci E, Babauta JT, Sultana ST, Beyenal H. Microbiosensor for the detection of acetate in electrode-respiring biofilms. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 81:517-523. [PMID: 27016913 PMCID: PMC5108365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to develop a microbiosensor to measure acetate concentration profiles inside biofilms in situ. The working principle of the microbiosensor was based on the correlation between the acetate concentration and the current generated during acetate oxidation by Geobacter sulfurreducens. The microbiosensor consisted of a 30-µm carbon microelectrode with an open tip as a working electrode, with G. sulfurreducens biofilm on the tip and a pseudo Ag/AgCl reference electrode, all enclosed in a glass outer case with a 30-µm tip diameter. The microbiosensor showed a linear response in the 0-1.6mM acetate concentration range with a 79±8µM limit of detection (S/N=2). We quantified the stirring effect and found it negligible. However, the interfering effect of alternative electron donors (lactate, formate, pyruvate, or hydrogen) was found to be significant. The usefulness of the acetate microbiosensor was demonstrated by measuring acetate concentration depth profiles within a G. sulfurreducens biofilm. The acetate concentration remained at bulk values throughout the biofilm when no current was passed, but it decreased from the bulk values to below the detection limit within 200µm when current was allowed to pass. The zero acetate concentration at the bottom of the biofilm showed that the biofilm was acetate-limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Atci
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jerome T Babauta
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Sujala T Sultana
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Recent advances in the application of nanomaterials in enzymatic glucose sensors. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-0894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Wayu MB, Pannell MJ, Leopold MC. Layered Xerogel Films Incorporating Monolayer‐Protected Cluster Networks on Platinum‐Black‐Modified Electrodes for Enhanced Sensitivity in First‐Generation Uric Acid Biosensing. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta B. Wayu
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences University of Richmond Richmond VA 23173 USA), Fax: (804) 28-71-89-7
| | - Michael J. Pannell
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences University of Richmond Richmond VA 23173 USA), Fax: (804) 28-71-89-7
| | - Michael C. Leopold
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences University of Richmond Richmond VA 23173 USA), Fax: (804) 28-71-89-7
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Burrs SL, Bhargava M, Sidhu R, Kiernan-Lewis J, Gomes C, Claussen JC, McLamore ES. A paper based graphene-nanocauliflower hybrid composite for point of care biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:479-487. [PMID: 27209574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first report of graphene paper functionalized with fractal platinum nanocauliflower for use in electrochemical biosensing of small molecules (glucose) or detection of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7). Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy show that graphene oxide-coated nanocellulose was partially reduced by both thermal treatment, and further reduced by chemical treatment (ascorbic acid). Fractal nanoplatinum with cauliflower-like morphology was formed on the reduced graphene oxide paper using pulsed sonoelectrodeposition, producing a conductive paper with an extremely high electroactive surface area (0.29±0.13cm(2)), confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The platinum surface was functionalized with either glucose oxidase (via chitosan encapsulation) or a RNA aptamer (via covalent linking) for demonstration as a point of care biosensor. The detection limit for both glucose (0.08±0.02μM) and E. coli O157:H7 (≈4 CFUmL(-1)) were competitive with, or superior to, previously reported devices in the biosensing literature. The response time (6s for glucose and 12min for E. coli) were also similar to silicon biochip and commercial electrode sensors. The results demonstrate that the nanocellulose-graphene-nanoplatinum material is an excellent paper-based platform for development of electrochemical biosensors targeting small molecules or whole cells for use in point of care biosensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Burrs
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Systems, University of Florida, USA
| | - M Bhargava
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Systems, University of Florida, USA
| | - R Sidhu
- Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - J Kiernan-Lewis
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Systems, University of Florida, USA
| | - C Gomes
- Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - J C Claussen
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Iowa State University, USA
| | - E S McLamore
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Systems, University of Florida, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Taguchi M, Schwalb N, Rong Y, Vanegas DC, Garland N, Tan M, Yamaguchi H, Claussen JC, McLamore ES. pulSED: pulsed sonoelectrodeposition of fractal nanoplatinum for enhancing amperometric biosensor performance. Analyst 2016; 141:3367-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00069j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A technique for deposition of fractal nanometal as a transducer in electrochemical sensing is described. The effect(s) of duty cycle and deposition time were explored, and two sensors are demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Taguchi
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - N. Schwalb
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - Y. Rong
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - D. C. Vanegas
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
- Department of Food Engineering
| | - N. Garland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- USA
| | - M. Tan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - H. Yamaguchi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - J. C. Claussen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- USA
| | - E. S. McLamore
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bioactivity of noble metal nanoparticles decorated with biopolymers and their application in drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:159-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
16
|
Vanegas DC, Clark G, Cannon AE, Roux S, Chaturvedi P, McLamore ES. A self-referencing biosensor for real-time monitoring of physiological ATP transport in plant systems. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:37-44. [PMID: 26094038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a self-referencing electrochemical biosensor for the direct measurement of ATP flux into the extracellular matrix by living cells/organisms. The working mechanism of the developed biosensor is based on the activity of glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase. A stratified bi-enzyme nanocomposite was created using a protein-templated silica sol gel encapsulation technique on top of graphene-modified platinum electrodes. The biosensor exhibited excellent electrochemical performance with a sensitivity of 2.4±1.8 nA/µM, a response time of 20±13 s and a lower detection limit of 1.3±0.7 nM. The self-referencing biosensor was used to measure exogenous ATP efflux by (i) germinating Ceratopteris spores and (ii) growing Zea mays L. roots. This manuscript demonstrates the first development of a non-invasive ATP micro-biosensor for the direct measurement of eATP transport in living tissues. Before this work, assays of eATP have not been able to record the temporally transient movement of ATP at physiological levels (nM and sub-nM). The method demonstrated here accurately measured [eATP] flux in the immediate vicinity of plant cells. Although these proof of concept experiments focus on plant tissues, the technique developed herein is applicable to any living tissue, where nanomolar concentrations of ATP play a critical role in signaling and development. This tool will be invaluable for conducting hypothesis-driven life science research aimed at understanding the role of ATP in the extracellular environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Vanegas
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA; Food Engineering Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Greg Clark
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Ashley E Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Stanley Roux
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Prachee Chaturvedi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | - Eric S McLamore
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Luxardi G, Reid B, Ferreira F, Maillard P, Zhao M. Measurement of extracellular ion fluxes using the ion-selective self-referencing microelectrode technique. J Vis Exp 2015:e52782. [PMID: 25993490 DOI: 10.3791/52782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells from animals, plants and single cells are enclosed by a barrier called the cell membrane that separates the cytoplasm from the outside. Cell layers such as epithelia also form a barrier that separates the inside from the outside or different compartments of multicellular organisms. A key feature of these barriers is the differential distribution of ions across cell membranes or cell layers. Two properties allow this distribution: 1) membranes and epithelia display selective permeability to specific ions; 2) ions are transported through pumps across cell membranes and cell layers. These properties play crucial roles in maintaining tissue physiology and act as signaling cues after damage, during repair, or under pathological condition. The ion-selective self-referencing microelectrode allows measurements of specific fluxes of ions such as calcium, potassium or sodium at single cell and tissue levels. The microelectrode contains an ionophore cocktail which is selectively permeable to a specific ion. The internal filling solution contains a set concentration of the ion of interest. The electric potential of the microelectrode is determined by the outside concentration of the ion. As the ion concentration varies, the potential of the microelectrode changes as a function of the log of the ion activity. When moved back and forth near a source or sink of the ion (i.e. in a concentration gradient due to ion flux) the microelectrode potential fluctuates at an amplitude proportional to the ion flux/gradient. The amplifier amplifies the microelectrode signal and the output is recorded on computer. The ion flux can then be calculated by Fick's law of diffusion using the electrode potential fluctuation, the excursion of microelectrode, and other parameters such as the specific ion mobility. In this paper, we describe in detail the methodology to measure extracellular ion fluxes using the ion-selective self-referencing microelectrode and present some representative results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Luxardi
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis;
| | - Brian Reid
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis; Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho
| | - Pauline Maillard
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis; Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu X, Niu X, Zhao H, Tang J, Lan M. Immobilization of superoxide dismutase on Pt–Pd/MWCNTs hybrid modified electrode surface for superoxide anion detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
19
|
Duarte-Guevara C, Swaminathan VV, Burgess M, Reddy B, Salm E, Liu YS, Rodriguez-Lopez J, Bashir R. On-chip metal/polypyrrole quasi-reference electrodes for robust ISFET operation. Analyst 2015; 140:3630-41. [PMID: 25869990 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To operate an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFETs) it is necessary to set the electrolyte potential using a reference electrode. Conventional reference electrodes are bulky, fragile, and too big for applications where the electrolyte volume is small. Several researchers have proposed tackling this issue using a solid-state planar micro-reference electrode or a reference field-effect transistor. However, these approaches are limited by poor robustness, high cost, or complex integration with other microfabrication processes. Here we report a simple method to create robust on-chip quasi-reference electrodes by electrodepositing polypyrrole on micro-patterned metal leads. The electrodes were fabricated through the polymerization of pyrrole on patterned metals with a cyclic voltammetry process. Open circuit potential measurements were performed to characterize the polypyrrole electrode performance, demonstrating good stability (±1 mV), low drift (∼1 mV h(-1)), and reduced pH response (5 mV per pH). In addition, the polypyrrole deposition was repeated in microelectrodes made of different metals to test compatibility with standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes. Our results suggest that nickel, a metal commonly used in semiconductor foundries for silicide formation, is a good candidate to form the polypyrrole quasi-reference electrodes. Finally, the polypyrrole microelectrodes were used to operate foundry fabricated ISFETs. These experiments demonstrated that transistors biased with polypyrrole electrodes have pH sensitivity and resolution comparable to ones that are biased with standard reference electrodes. Therefore, the simple fabrication, high compatibility, and robust electrical performance make polypyrrole an ideal choice for the fabrication of outstanding microreference electrodes that enable robust and sensitive operation of multiple ISFET sensors on a chip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Duarte-Guevara
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 306 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Facile fabrication of 3D layer-by-layer graphene-gold nanorod hybrid architecture for hydrogen peroxide based electrochemical biosensor. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
21
|
Reid B, Zhao M. Ion-selective self-referencing probes for measuring specific ion flux. Commun Integr Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/cib.16182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
22
|
Sun LJ, Feng QM, Yan YF, Pan ZQ, Li XH, Song FM, Yang H, Xu JJ, Bao N, Gu HY. Paper-based electroanalytical devices for in situ determination of salicylic acid in living tomato leaves. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 60:154-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Chaturvedi P, Vanegas D, Taguchi M, Burrs S, Sharma P, McLamore E. A nanoceria–platinum–graphene nanocomposite for electrochemical biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 58:179-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
Kang Z, Yan X, Zhang Y, Pan J, Shi J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Choi JH, Porterfield DM. Single-stranded DNA functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes for microbiosensors via layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:3784-3789. [PMID: 24606733 DOI: 10.1021/am500118k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this letter, the facial noncovalent adsorption of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) provided single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with biofunctionality while their superior properties were retained. In this case, we innovatively demonstrated the feasibility of employing the negative surface charge of ssDNA-SWNTs to realize layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly. On the basis of such a sandwichlike structure, an applicable glucose microbiosensor with direct electrochemistry and high performance was fabricated. The proposed protocol provided an ideal platform for various sensing applications, and might have profound influence on related nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Taguchi M, Ptitsyn A, McLamore ES, Claussen JC. Nanomaterial-mediated Biosensors for Monitoring Glucose. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2014; 8:403-411. [PMID: 24876594 PMCID: PMC4455391 DOI: 10.1177/1932296814522799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of physiological glucose transport is crucial for gaining new understanding of diabetes. Many techniques and equipment currently exist for measuring glucose, but these techniques are limited by complexity of the measurement, requirement of bulky equipment, and low temporal/spatial resolution. The development of various types of biosensors (eg, electrochemical, optical sensors) for laboratory and/or clinical applications will provide new insights into the cause(s) and possible treatments of diabetes. State-of-the-art biosensors are improved by incorporating catalytic nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, electrospun nanofibers, and quantum dots. These nanomaterials greatly enhance biosensor performance, namely sensitivity, response time, and limit of detection. A wide range of new biosensors that incorporate nanomaterials such as lab-on-chip and nanosensor devices are currently being developed for in vivo and in vitro glucose sensing. These real-time monitoring tools represent a powerful diagnostic and monitoring tool for measuring glucose in diabetes research and point of care diagnostics. However, concerns over the possible toxicity of some nanomaterials limit the application of these devices for in vivo sensing. This review provides a general overview of the state of the art in nanomaterial-mediated biosensors for in vivo and in vitro glucose sensing, and discusses some of the challenges associated with nanomaterial toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashige Taguchi
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andre Ptitsyn
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biosciences, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
| | - Eric S McLamore
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan C Claussen
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio-Molecular Science and Engineering, Washington, DC, USA College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vanegas DC, Taguchi M, Chaturvedi P, Burrs S, Tan M, Yamaguchi H, McLamore ES. A comparative study of carbon–platinum hybrid nanostructure architecture for amperometric biosensing. Analyst 2014; 139:660-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01718d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This facile graph-onto methodology is highly efficient and competes with relatively complex graph-from synthesis of carbon–metal hybrid nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Vanegas
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
- Department of Food Engineering
- Universidad del Valle
| | - Masashige Taguchi
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
| | - Prachee Chaturvedi
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
| | - Stephanie Burrs
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
| | - Michael Tan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
| | - Hitomi Yamaguchi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
| | - Eric S. McLamore
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jaroch DB, Lu J, Madangopal R, Stull ND, Stensberg M, Shi J, Kahn JL, Herrera-Perez R, Zeitchek M, Sturgis J, Robinson JP, Yoder MC, Porterfield DM, Mirmira RG, Rickus JL. Mouse and human islets survive and function after coating by biosilicification. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E1230-40. [PMID: 24002572 PMCID: PMC3840215 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00081.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic materials have properties that can be advantageous in bioencapsulation for cell transplantation. Our aim was to engineer a hybrid inorganic/soft tissue construct by inducing pancreatic islets to grow an inorganic shell. We created pancreatic islets surrounded by porous silica, which has potential application in the immunoprotection of islets in transplantation therapies for type 1 diabetes. The new method takes advantage of the islet capsule surface as a template for silica formation. Mouse and human islets were exposed to medium containing saturating silicic acid levels for 9-15 min. The resulting tissue constructs were then cultured for up to 4 wk under normal conditions. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to monitor the morphology and elemental composition of the material at the islet surface. A cytokine assay was used to assess biocompatibility with macrophages. Islet survival and function were assessed by confocal microscopy, glucose-stimulated insulin release assays, oxygen flux at the islet surface, expression of key genes by RT-PCR, and syngeneic transplant into diabetic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B Jaroch
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zheng W, Tayyari F, Gowda GAN, Raftery D, McLamore ES, Shi J, Porterfield DM, Donkin SS, Bequette B, Teegarden D. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D regulation of glucose metabolism in Harvey-ras transformed MCF10A human breast epithelial cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:81-9. [PMID: 23619337 PMCID: PMC4009997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the impact of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) on glucose metabolism during early cancer progression. Untransformed and ras-oncogene transfected (ras) MCF10A human breast epithelial cells were employed to model early breast cancer progression. 1,25(OH)2D modified the response of the ras cells to glucose restriction, suggesting 1,25(OH)2D may reduce the ras cell glucose addiction noted in cancer cells. To understand the 1,25(OH)2D regulation of glucose metabolism, following four-day 1,25(OH)2D treatment, metabolite fluxes at the cell membrane were measured by a nanoprobe biosensor, [(13)C6]glucose flux by (13)C-mass isotopomer distribution analysis of media metabolites, intracellular metabolite levels by NMR, and gene expression of related enzymes was assessed. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D reduced glycolysis as flux of glucose to 3-phosphoglycerate was reduced by 15% (P=0.017) and 32% (P<0.003) in MCF10A and ras cells respectively. In the ras cells, 1,25(OH)2D reduced lactate dehydrogenase activity by 15% (P<0.05) with a concomitant 10% reduction in the flux of glucose to lactate (P=0.006), and reduction in the level of intracellular lactate by 55% (P=0.029). Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D reduced flux of glucose to acetyl-coA 24% (P=0.002) and 41% (P<0.001), and flux to oxaloacetate 33% (P=0.003) and 34% (P=0.027) in the MCF10A and ras cells, respectively, suggesting a reduction in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. The results suggest a novel mechanism involving the regulation of glucose metabolism by which 1,25(OH)2D may prevent breast cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Preparation of sulfonated poly(ether–ether–ketone) functionalized ternary graphene/AuNPs/chitosan nanocomposite for efficient glucose biosensor. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
30
|
Zheng W, Tayyari F, Gowda GAN, Raftery D, McLamore ES, Porterfield DM, Donkin SS, Bequette B, Teegarden D. Altered glucose metabolism in Harvey-ras transformed MCF10A cells. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:111-20. [PMID: 24000146 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming that alters the utilization of glucose including the "Warburg effect" is critical in the development of a tumorigenic phenotype. However, the effects of the Harvey-ras (H-ras) oncogene on cellular energy metabolism during mammary carcinogenesis are not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of H-ras transformation on glucose metabolism using the untransformed MCF10A and H-ras oncogene transfected (MCF10A-ras) human breast epithelial cells, a model for early breast cancer progression. We measured the metabolite fluxes at the cell membrane by a selective micro-biosensor, [(13)C6 ]glucose flux by (13)C-mass isotopomer distribution analysis of media metabolites, intracellular metabolite levels by NMR, and gene expression of glucose metabolism enzymes by quantitative PCR. Results from these studies indicated that MCF10A-ras cells exhibited enhanced glycolytic activity and lactate production, decreased glucose flux through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, as well as an increase in the utilization of glucose in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). These results provide evidence for a role of H-ras oncogene in the metabolic reprogramming of MCF10A cells during early mammary carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47906
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kung CC, Lin PY, Buse FJ, Xue Y, Yu X, Dai L, Liu CC. Preparation and characterization of three dimensional graphene foam supported platinum-ruthenium bimetallic nanocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide based electrochemical biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 52:1-7. [PMID: 24012804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The large surface, the excellent dispersion and the high degrees of sensitivity of bimetallic nanocatalysts were the attractive features of this investigation. Graphene foam (GF) was a three dimensional (3D) porous architecture consisting of extremely large surface and high conductive pathways. In this study, 3D GF was used incorporating platinum-ruthenium (PtRu) bimetallic nanoparticles as an electrochemical nanocatalyst for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). PtRu/3D GF nanocatalyst exhibited a remarkable performance toward electrochemical oxidation of H2O2 without any additional mediator showing a high sensitivity (1023.1 µA mM(-1)cm(-2)) and a low detection limit (0.04 µM) for H2O2. Amperometric results demonstrated that GF provided a promising platform for the development of electrochemical sensors in biosensing and PtRu/3D GF nanocatalyst possessed the excellent catalytic activity toward the H2O2 detection. A small particle size and a high degree of the dispersion in obtaining of large active surface area were important for the nanocatalyst for the best H2O2 detection in biosensing. Moreover, potential interference by ascorbic acid and uric acid appeared to be negligible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Kung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu Y, Xia Y, Yang H, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Pan G. Facile preparation of high-quality Pt/reduced graphene oxide nanoscrolls for methanol oxidation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:235401. [PMID: 23676700 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/23/235401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple and novel approach for the preparation of a Pt/reduced graphene oxide nanoscroll (Pt/RGOS) nanocatalyst is reported for the first time. The Pt/reduced graphene oxide (Pt/RGO) was fabricated by the co-reduction of GO and Pt salt using ethylene glycol under microwave irradiation, then the Pt/RGOSs were obtained by oxygen implosion in situ rolling up of the Pt/RGO using catalytic decomposition of Pt towards H2O2 under ultrasonication. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the Pt nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the reduced graphene oxide nanoscrolls with tubular structure, open edges and ends, and tubular diameter ranging from 10 to 100 nm. X-ray diffraction indicates that the crystal structure and diffraction intensity of the platinum practically remains unchanged, and the RGO has not been oxidized before or after rolling. Raman spectroscopy reveals that the Pt/RGOSs have a higher D/G ratio (1.2) than Pt/RGO (1.1). BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) results exhibit that the Pt/RGOSs possess higher specific surface area and broader pore size range (188 m(2) g(-1), 25-45 nm) than Pt/RGO (122 m(2) g(-1), 30-38 nm). Additionally, the electrocatalytic performance of the Pt/RGOSs for methanol oxidation was evaluated, and the results show that the Pt/RGOSs possess significantly higher electrocatalytic activity and stability than Pt/RGO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Life and Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Newman I, Chen SL, Porterfield DM, Sun J. Non-invasive flux measurements using microsensors: theory, limitations, and systems. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 913:101-17. [PMID: 22895754 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-986-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the fluxes of ions and neutral molecules across the outer membrane or boundary of living tissues and cells is an important strand of applied molecular biology. Such fluxes can be measured non-invasively with good resolution in time and space. Two systems (MIFE™ and SIET) have been developed and have become widely used to implement this technique, and they are commercially available. This Chapter is the first comparative description of these two systems. It gives the context, the basic underlying theory, practical limitations inherent in the technique, theoretical developments, guidance on the practicalities of the technique, and the functionality of the two systems. Although the technique is strongly relevant to plant salt tolerance and other plant stresses (drought, temperature, pollutants, waterlogging), it also has rich relevance throughout biomedical studies and the molecular genetics of transport proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Newman
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shi J, McLamore ES, Porterfield DM. Nanomaterial based self-referencing microbiosensors for cell and tissue physiology research. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 40:127-34. [PMID: 22889647 PMCID: PMC3604890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physiological studies require sensitive tools to directly quantify transport kinetics in the cell/tissue spatial domain under physiological conditions. Although biosensors are capable of measuring concentration, their applications in physiological studies are limited due to the relatively low sensitivity, excessive drift/noise, and inability to quantify analyte transport. Nanomaterials significantly improve the electrochemical transduction of microelectrodes, and make the construction of highly sensitive microbiosensors possible. Furthermore, a novel biosensor modality, self-referencing (SR), enables direct measurement of real-time flux and drift/noise subtraction. SR microbiosensors based on nanomaterials have been used to measure the real-time analyte transport in several cell/tissue studies coupled with various stimulators/inhibitors. These studies include: glucose uptake in pancreatic β cells, cancer cells, muscle tissues, intestinal tissues and P. Aeruginosa biofilms; glutamate flux near neuronal cells; and endogenous indole-3-acetic acid flux near the surface of Zea mays roots. Results from the SR studies provide important insights into cancer, diabetes, nutrition, neurophysiology, environmental and plant physiology studies under dynamic physiological conditions, demonstrating that the SR microbiosensors are an extremely valuable tool for physiology research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shi
- Birck-Bindley Physiological Sensing Facility, Purdue University, United States
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, United States
| | - Eric S. McLamore
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - D. Marshall Porterfield
- Birck-Bindley Physiological Sensing Facility, Purdue University, United States
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, United States
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hossain MF, Park JY. Palladium nanoparticles on electrochemically reduced chemically modified graphene oxide for non-enzymatic bimolecular sensing. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41235k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
36
|
Si P, Huang Y, Wang T, Ma J. Nanomaterials for electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22360k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
37
|
Pemberton RM, Cox T, Tuffin R, Sage I, Drago GA, Biddle N, Griffiths J, Pittson R, Johnson G, Xu J, Jackson SK, Kenna G, Luxton R, Hart JP. Microfabricated glucose biosensor for culture well operation. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 42:668-77. [PMID: 23265827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A water-based carbon screen-printing ink formulation, containing the redox mediator cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC) and the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx), was investigated for its suitability to fabricate glucose microbiosensors in a 96-well microplate format: (1) the biosensor ink was dip-coated onto a platinum (Pt) wire electrode, leading to satisfactory amperometric performance; (2) the ink was deposited onto the surface of a series of Pt microelectrodes (10-500 μm diameter) fabricated on a silicon substrate using MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) microfabrication techniques: capillary deposition proved to be successful; a Pt microdisc electrode of ≥100 μm was required for optimum biosensor performance; (3) MEMS processing was used to fabricate suitably sized metal (Pt) tracks and pads onto a silicon 96 well format base chip, and the glucose biosensor ink was screen-printed onto these pads to create glucose microbiosensors. When formed into microwells, using a 340 μl volume of buffer, the microbiosensors produced steady-state amperometric responses which showed linearity up to 5 mM glucose (CV=6% for n=5 biosensors). When coated, using an optimised protocol, with collagen in order to aid cell adhesion, the biosensors continued to show satisfactory performance in culture medium (linear range to 2 mM, dynamic range to 7 mM, CV=5.7% for n=4 biosensors). Finally, the operation of these collagen-coated microbiosensors, in 5-well 96-well format microwells, was tested using a 5-channel multipotentiostat. A relationship between amperometric response due to glucose, and cell number in the microwells, was observed. These results indicate that microphotolithography and screen-printing techniques can be combined successfully to produce microbiosensors capable of monitoring glucose metabolism in 96 well format cell cultures. The potential application areas for these microbiosensors are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Pemberton
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shi J, Zhang H, Snyder A, Wang MX, Xie J, Porterfield DM, Stanciu LA. An aqueous media based approach for the preparation of a biosensor platform composed of graphene oxide and Pt-black. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 38:314-20. [PMID: 22748962 PMCID: PMC3420981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of Pt nanoparticles and graphene was more effective in enhancing biosensing than either nanomaterial alone according to previous reports. Based on the structural similarities between water soluble graphene oxide (GrO(x)) and graphene, we report the fabrication of an aqueous media based GrO(x)/Pt-black nanocomposite for biosensing enhancement. In this approach GrO(x) acted as a nanoscale molecular template for the electrodeposition of Pt-black, an amorphously nanopatterned isoform of platinum metal. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed that Pt-black was growing along GrO(x). The effective surface area and electrocatalytic activity towards H(2)O(2) oxidation of GrO(x)/Pt-black microelectrodes were significantly higher than for Pt-black microelectrodes. When used to prepare a bio-nanocomposite based on protein functionalization with the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx), the GrO(x)/Pt-black microbiosensors exhibited improved sensitivity over the Pt-black microbiosensors. This suggested that the GrO(x)/Pt-black nanocomposite facilitated an increase in electron transfer, and/or minimized mass transport limitations as compared to Pt-black used alone. Glucose microbiosensors based on GrO(x)/Pt-black exhibited high sensitivity (465.9 ± 48.0 nA/mM), a low detection limit of 1 μM, a linear response range of 1 μM-2mM, and response time of ≈ 4s. Additionally the sensor was stable and highly selective over potential interferents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shi
- Birck-Bindley Physiological Sensing Facility, Purdue University, 1203 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 S. University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Hangyu Zhang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Alexandra Snyder
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 W. Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Mei-xian Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, IUPUI, 723 W. Michigan Street, Room SL 260 M Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, IUPUI, 723 W. Michigan Street, Room SL 260 M Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - D. Marshall Porterfield
- Birck-Bindley Physiological Sensing Facility, Purdue University, 1203 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 S. University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Lia A. Stanciu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 W. Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Huang Z, McLamore ES, Chuang HS, Zhang W, Wereley S, Leon JLC, Banks MK. Shear-induced detachment of biofilms from hollow fiber silicone membranes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:525-34. [PMID: 22886926 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A suite of techniques was utilized to evaluate the correlation between biofilm physiology, fluid-induced shear stress, and detachment in hollow fiber membrane aerated bioreactors. Two monoculture species biofilms were grown on silicone fibers in a hollow fiber membrane aerated bioreactors (HfMBR) to assess detachment under laminar fluid flow conditions. Both physiology (biofilm thickness and roughness) and nutrient mass transport data indicated the presence of a steady state mature biofilm after 3 weeks of development. Surface shear stress proved to be an important parameter for predicting passive detachment for the two biofilms. The average shear stress at the surface of Nitrosomonas europaea biofilms (54.5 ± 3.2 mPa) was approximately 20% higher than for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms (45.8 ± 7.7 mPa), resulting in higher biomass detachment. No significant difference in shear stress was measured between immature and mature biofilms of the same species. There was a significant difference in detached biomass for immature vs. mature biofilms in both species. However, there was no difference in detachment rate between the two species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Brondani D, Scheeren CW, Dupont J, Vieira IC. Halloysite clay nanotubes and platinum nanoparticles dispersed in ionic liquid applied in the development of a catecholamine biosensor. Analyst 2012; 137:3732-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35313j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
41
|
Stensberg MC, Wei Q, McLamore ES, Porterfield DM, Wei A, Sepúlveda MS. Toxicological studies on silver nanoparticles: challenges and opportunities in assessment, monitoring and imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:879-98. [PMID: 21793678 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are becoming increasingly prevalent in consumer products as antibacterial agents. The increased use of Ag NP-enhanced products may lead to an increase in toxic levels of environmental silver, but regulatory control over the use or disposal of such products is lagging due to insufficient assessment on the toxicology of Ag NPs and their rate of release into the environment. In this article we discuss recent research on the transport, activity and fate of Ag NPs at the cellular and organismic level, in conjunction with traditional and recently established methods of nanoparticle characterization. We include several proposed mechanisms of cytotoxicity based on such studies, as well as new opportunities for investigating the uptake and fate of Ag NPs in living systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Charles Stensberg
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 S University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bon Saint Côme Y, Lalo H, Wang Z, Etienne M, Gajdzik J, Kohring GW, Walcarius A, Hempelmann R, Kuhn A. Multiscale-tailored bioelectrode surfaces for optimized catalytic conversion efficiency. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:12737-12744. [PMID: 21899333 DOI: 10.1021/la201930m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe the elaboration of a multiscale-tailored bioelectrocatalytic system. The combination of two enzymes, D-sorbitol dehydrogenase and diaphorase, is studied with respect to the oxidation of D-sorbitol as a model system. The biomolecules are immobilized in an electrodeposited paint (EDP) layer. Reproducible and efficient catalysis of D-sorbitol oxidation is recorded when this system is immobilized on a gold electrode modified by a self-assembled monolayer of 4-carboxy-(2,5,7-trinitro-9-fluorenylidene)malonitrile used as a mediator. The insertion of mediator-modified gold nanoparticles into the EDP film increases significantly the active surface area for the catalytic reaction, which can be further enhanced when the whole system is immobilized in macroporous gold electrodes. This multiscale architecture finally leads to a catalytic device with optimized efficiency for potential use in biosensors, bioelectrosynthesis, and biofuel cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yémima Bon Saint Côme
- Université de Bordeaux , Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Site ENSCPB, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shi J, Claussen JC, McLamore ES, ul Haque A, Jaroch D, Diggs AR, Calvo-Marzal P, Rickus JL, Porterfield DM. A comparative study of enzyme immobilization strategies for multi-walled carbon nanotube glucose biosensors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:355502. [PMID: 21828892 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/35/355502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses the comparison of different strategies for improving biosensor performance using nanomaterials. Glucose biosensors based on commonly applied enzyme immobilization approaches, including sol-gel encapsulation approaches and glutaraldehyde cross-linking strategies, were studied in the presence and absence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Although direct comparison of design parameters such as linear range and sensitivity is intuitive, this comparison alone is not an accurate indicator of biosensor efficacy, due to the wide range of electrodes and nanomaterials available for use in current biosensor designs. We proposed a comparative protocol which considers both the active area available for transduction following nanomaterial deposition and the sensitivity. Based on the protocol, when no nanomaterials were involved, TEOS/GOx biosensors exhibited the highest efficacy, followed by BSA/GA/GOx and TMOS/GOx biosensors. A novel biosensor containing carboxylated MWNTs modified with glucose oxidase and an overlying TMOS layer demonstrated optimum efficacy in terms of enhanced current density (18.3 ± 0.5 µA mM(-1) cm(-2)), linear range (0.0037-12 mM), detection limit (3.7 µM), coefficient of variation (2%), response time (less than 8 s), and stability/selectivity/reproducibility. H(2)O(2) response tests demonstrated that the most possible reason for the performance enhancement was an increased enzyme loading. This design is an excellent platform for versatile biosensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Reid B, Zhao M. Ion-selective self-referencing probes for measuring specific ion flux. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:524-7. [PMID: 22046453 PMCID: PMC3204119 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.5.16182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The metal vibrating probe developed in the 1970s to measure electric current is sensitive down to the micro-Amp range, but detects only net current due to flow of multiple ions and is too large to measure from single cells. Electrophysiological techniques which use glass microelectrodes such as voltage clamping can be used on single cells but are also non-specific. Ion-selective probes are glass microelectrodes containing at their tip a small amount of ionophore permeable to a particular ion. The electrode is therefore sensitive to changes in concentration of this ion. If the probe tip is moved at low frequency between two points in a concentration gradient of this ion then the electrochemical potential of the solution inside the electrode fluctuates in proportion to the size of the ion gradient. This fluctuation is amplified and recorded and is used to calculate the actual ion flux using Fick's law of diffusion. In this mini-review we describe the technique of ion-selective self-referencing microelectrodes to measure specific ion fluxes. We discuss the development of the technique and describe in detail the methodology and present some representative results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Reid
- Department of Dermatology; University of California; Davis, CA USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology; University of California; Davis, CA USA
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of California; Davis, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shi J, Cha TG, Claussen JC, Diggs AR, Choi JH, Porterfield DM. Microbiosensors based on DNA modified single-walled carbon nanotube and Pt black nanocomposites. Analyst 2011; 136:4916-24. [PMID: 21858297 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15179g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucose and ATP biosensors have important applications in diagnostics and research. Biosensors based on conventional materials suffer from low sensitivity and low spatial resolution. Our previous work has shown that combining single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with Pt nanoparticles can significantly enhance the performance of electrochemical biosensors. The immobilization of SWCNTs on biosensors remains challenging due to the aqueous insolubility originating from van der Waals forces. In this study, we used single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to modify SWCNTs to increase solubility in water. This allowed us to explore new schemes of combining ssDNA-SWCNT and Pt black in aqueous media systems. The result is a nanocomposite with enhanced biosensor performance. The surface morphology, electroactive surface area, and electrocatalytic performance of different fabrication protocols were studied and compared. The ssDNA-SWCNT/Pt black nanocomposite constructed by a layered scheme proved most effective in terms of biosensor activity. The key feature of this protocol is the exploitation of ssDNA-SWCNTs as molecular templates for Pt black electrodeposition. The glucose and ATP microbiosensors fabricated on this platform exhibited high sensitivity (817.3 nA/mM and 45.6 nA/mM, respectively), wide linear range (up to 7 mM and 510 μM), low limit of detection (1 μM and 2 μM) and desirable selectivity. This work is significant to biosensor development because this is the first demonstration of ssDNA-SWCNT/Pt black nanocomposite as a platform for constructing both single-enzyme and multi-enzyme biosensors for physiological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shi
- Physiological Sensing Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2057, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jaroch D, McLamore E, Zhang W, Shi J, Garland J, Banks MK, Porterfield DM, Rickus JL. Cell-mediated deposition of porous silica on bacterial biofilms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:2249-60. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
47
|
McLamore ES, Porterfield DM. Non-invasive tools for measuring metabolism and biophysical analyte transport: self-referencing physiological sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:5308-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
48
|
Shi J, McLamore ES, Jaroch D, Claussen JC, Mirmira RG, Rickus JL, Porterfield DM. Oscillatory glucose flux in INS 1 pancreatic β cells: a self-referencing microbiosensor study. Anal Biochem 2010; 411:185-93. [PMID: 21167120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Signaling and insulin secretion in β cells have been reported to demonstrate oscillatory modes, with abnormal oscillations associated with type 2 diabetes. We investigated cellular glucose influx in β cells with a self-referencing (SR) microbiosensor based on nanomaterials with enhanced performance. Dose-response analyses with glucose and metabolic inhibition studies were used to study oscillatory patterns and transporter kinetics. For the first time, we report a stable and regular oscillatory uptake of glucose (averaged period 2.9±0.6 min), which corresponds well with an oscillator model. This oscillatory behavior is part of the feedback control pathway involving oxygen, cytosolic Ca(2+)/ATP, and insulin secretion (periodicity approximately 3 min). Glucose stimulation experiments show that the net Michaelis-Menten constant (6.1±1.5 mM) is in between GLUT2 and GLUT9. Phloretin inhibition experiments show an EC(50) value of 28±1.6 μM phloretin for class I GLUT proteins and a concentration of 40±0.6 μM phloretin caused maximum inhibition with residual nonoscillating flux, suggesting that the transporters not inhibited by phloretin are likely responsible for the remaining nonoscillatory uptake, and that impaired uptake via GLUT2 may be the cause of the oscillation loss in type 2 diabetes. Transporter studies using the SR microbiosensor will contribute to diabetes research and therapy development by exploring the nature of oscillatory transport mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shi
- Physiological Sensing Facility, 1203 W. State Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2057, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|