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Yu S, Liu J, Li L, Ma K, Kong J, Zhang X. An electrochemical biosensor for the amplification of thrombin activity by perylene-mediated photoinitiated polymerization. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1302:342494. [PMID: 38580414 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombin, a coagulation system protease, is a key enzyme involved in the coagulation cascade and has been developed as a marker for coagulation disorders. However, the methods developed in recent years have the disadvantages of complex operation, long reaction time, low specificity and sensitivity. Meanwhile, thrombin is at a lower level in the pre-disease period. Therefore, to accurately diagnose the disease, it is necessary to develop a fast, simple, highly sensitive and specific method using signal amplification technology. RESULTS We designed an electrochemical biosensor based on photocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) signal amplification for the detection of thrombin. Sulfhydryl substrate peptides (without carboxyl groups) are self-assembled to the gold electrode surface via Au-S bond and serve as thrombin recognition probes. The substrate peptide is cleaved in the presence of thrombin to generate -COOH, which can form a carboxylate-Zr(IV)-carboxylate complex via Zr(IV) and initiator (α-bromophenylacetic acid, BPAA). Subsequently, an electrochemical biosensor was prepared by introducing polymer chains with electrochemical signaling molecules (ferrocene, Fc) onto the electrode surface by photocatalytic (perylene, Py) mediated ATRP using ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (FMMA) as a monomer. The concentration of thrombin was evaluated by the voltammetric signal generated by square wave voltammetry (SWV), and the result showed that the biosensor was linear between 1.0 ng/mL ∼ 10 fg/mL, with a lower detection limit of 4.0 fg/mL (∼0.1 fM). Moreover, it was shown to be highly selective for thrombin activity in complex serum samples and for thrombin inhibition screening. SIGNIFICANCE The biosensor is an environmentally friendly and economically efficient strategy while maintaining the advantages of high sensitivity, anti-interference, good stability and simplicity of operation, which has great potential for application in the analysis of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Yu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Jingliang Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing XiaoZhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, PR China
| | - Lianzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, PR China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
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2
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Zhang J, Xu D, Deng Z, Tan X, Guo D, Qiao Y, Li Y, Hou X, Wang S, Zhang J. Using tungsten oxide quantum-dot enhanced electrochemiluminescence to measure thrombin activity and screen its inhibitors. Talanta 2024; 267:125267. [PMID: 37801928 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
A thrombin-activity-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was successfully constructed using tungsten oxide quantum dots (WO3-x QDS) as the co-reactant and thrombin-cleavable peptides as the recognizer. Specifically, Ru(bpy)32+ were doped on silica nanoparticles (Ru@SiO2), which greatly enhanced the ECL potential. AuNPs@WO3-x QDs composite was then prepared to accelerate electron transfer and improve the ECL signal by 219 times. Under ideal conditions, the limit of detection for thrombin in serum was determined to be 0.28 μU/mL with a linear range from 1 μU/mL to 1 U/mL. In addition, the developed ECL biosensor was used to screen for thrombin inhibitors from 12 compounds in Artemisiae Argyi Folium. Among the compounds tested, it was observed that 100 μmol/L luteolin exhibited a significantly higher inhibition rate (exceeding 80%) compared to apigenin, isorhamnetin, naringin, or eriodictyol. In an in-vitro anticoagulation experiment, luteolin (100 μmol/L) prolonged APTT by 49%, and the molecular docking assay indicated that luteolin had binding sites of Gly219 and Asp189 in the active pockets of thrombin. This may have been the main reason underpinning luteolin's anticoagulation effects. Overall, the Ru@WO3-x QDS ECL biosensor provided a reliable strategy for thrombin activity assay and screening of anticoagulant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zijie Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xueping Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dongnan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanru Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaofang Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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3
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Chen S, Du K, Wang S, Liang C, Shang Y, Xie X, Tang G, Li J, Wang B, Yu XA, Chang Y. A Non-Immunized and BSA-Template Aggregation-Induced Emission Sensor for Noninvasive Detection of Cystatin C in the Clinical Diagnosis of Diabetes Nephropathy. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1431-1439. [PMID: 36877474 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is one of the main causes of death in patients with diabetes. Cystatin C (Cys C) is a reliable indicator of glomerular filtration function. Therefore, it is urgent and meaningful to obtain early warning of DN by noninvasive measurement of Cys C. In this investigation, a novel fluorescence sensor (BSA-AIEgen sensor) was synthesized by cross-linking the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(4-(4-(diphenylamino) styryl) phenyl) fumaronitrile (TPABDFN) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), which exhibited the "On" state owing to the restriction of the intramolecular motions (RIM) phenomenon of TPABDFN. Intriguingly, a decrease in fluorescence of BSA-AIEgen sensors could be found owing to BSA on the surface of BSA-AIEgen sensor hydrolyzed by papain, but a reverse phenomenon emerged with the increase of Cys C content as the inhibitor of papain. Hence, Cys C was successfully detected by employing the fluorescent differential display and the linear range was from 12.5 ng/mL to 800 ng/mL (R2 = 0.994) with the limit of detection (LOD) of 7.10 ng/mL (S/N = 3). Further, the developed BSA-AIEgen sensor successfully differentiates patients with diabetes nephropathy from volunteers with the advantages of high specificity, low cost, and simple operation. Accordingly, it is expected to become a non-immunized method to monitor Cys C for the early warning, noninvasive diagnosis, and drug efficacy evaluation of diabetes nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kunze Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuangqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chunxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ye Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xie
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ge Tang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bing Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Bioequivalence Research of Generic Drug Evaluation, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xie-An Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Bioequivalence Research of Generic Drug Evaluation, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yanxu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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4
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Multifunctional probe based on modified Ag&Mn:ZnInS QDs for dual-mode fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging of intracellular glutathione. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1221:340172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2O 2) Released from Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091475. [PMID: 35564184 PMCID: PMC9103167 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is by far the most common cause of death worldwide. There are more than 200 types of cancer known hitherto depending upon the origin and type. Early diagnosis of cancer provides better disease prognosis and the best chance for a cure. This fact prompts world-leading scientists and clinicians to develop techniques for the early detection of cancer. Thus, less morbidity and lower mortality rates are envisioned. The latest advancements in the diagnosis of cancer utilizing nanotechnology have manifested encouraging results. Cancerous cells are well known for their substantial amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The common methods for the detection of H2O2 include colorimetry, titration, chromatography, spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, and chemiluminescence. These methods commonly lack selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility and have prolonged analytical time. New biosensors are reported to circumvent these obstacles. The production of detectable amounts of H2O2 by cancerous cells has promoted the use of bio- and electrochemical sensors because of their high sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, and miniaturized point-of-care cancer diagnostics. Thus, this review will emphasize the principles, analytical parameters, advantages, and disadvantages of the latest electrochemical biosensors in the detection of H2O2. It will provide a summary of the latest technological advancements of biosensors based on potentiometric, impedimetric, amperometric, and voltammetric H2O2 detection. Moreover, it will critically describe the classification of biosensors based on the material, nature, conjugation, and carbon-nanocomposite electrodes for rapid and effective detection of H2O2, which can be useful in the early detection of cancerous cells.
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6
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Wang Y, Gao W. A label-free and sensitive fluorescence assay for hyaluronidase activity through electrostatic-controlled quantum dots self-assembly. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198211018973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A label-free fluorescence assay for hyaluronidase (HAase) activity based on self-assembly of quantum dots is developed. A cationic polymer (polycation) can induce aggregation of the negatively charged quantum dots through electrostatic interactions and the fluorescence of the quantum dots is quenched. When the polycation is mixed with hyaluronic acid (HA), intense binding of HA to the polycation makes the quantum dots free and recovery of the fluorescence of the quantum dots is observed. However, in the presence of HAase, HA is hydrolyzed into small fragments and the polycation induces reaggregation of the quantum dots. A simple and rapid fluorescence sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity for HAase activity detection is therefore successfully established with a detection limit of 0.01 U/mL. Moreover, we have demonstrated an assay that can be applied to detect HAase activity in a complex mixture sample including 1% human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Development of MALDI MS peptide array for thrombin inhibitor screening. Talanta 2021; 226:122129. [PMID: 33676683 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of in situ methods for the analysis and visualization of enzyme activity is of paramount importance in drug discovery, research, and development. In this work, the functionalized and array patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) glass slides were fabricated by non-covalent immobilization of amphipathic phospholipid-tagged peptides encompassing the thrombin cleavage site on steric acid-modified ITO slides. The fabricated peptide arrays provide 60 spots per slide, and are compatible with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) measurement, free matrix peak interference, and tolerance to repeated aqueous washing. The peptide arrays were used for the investigation of thrombin activity and screening for its potential inhibitors. The thrombin activity and its Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for immobilized peptide substrate was determined using developed MALDI MS peptide array. To investigate the applicability and effectiveness of peptide arrays, the anti-thrombin activity of grape seed proanthocyanidins with different degrees of polymerization (DP) was monitored and visualized. MALDI MS imaging results showed that the fractions of proanthocyanidins with the mean DP of 4.61-6.82 had good thrombin inhibitory activity and their half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were below 10 μg/mL. Therefore, the developed peptide array is a reliable platform for the discovery of natural thrombin inhibitors.
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8
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Maddali H, Miles CE, Kohn J, O'Carroll DM. Optical Biosensors for Virus Detection: Prospects for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1176-1189. [PMID: 33119960 PMCID: PMC8048644 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused huge worldwide disruption due to the lack of available testing locations and equipment. The use of optical techniques for viral detection has flourished in the past 15 years, providing more reliable, inexpensive, and accurate detection methods. In the current minireview, optical phenomena including fluorescence, surface plasmons, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and colorimetry are discussed in the context of detecting virus pathogens. The sensitivity of a viral detection method can be dramatically improved by using materials that exhibit surface plasmons or SERS, but often this requires advanced instrumentation for detection. Although fluorescence and colorimetry lack high sensitivity, they show promise as point-of-care diagnostics because of their relatively less complicated instrumentation, ease of use, lower costs, and the fact that they do not require nucleic acid amplification. The advantages and disadvantages of each optical detection method are presented, and prospects for applying optical biosensors in COVID-19 detection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Maddali
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Catherine E Miles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Deirdre M O'Carroll
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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9
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Coupling of proteolysis-triggered transcription and CRISPR-Cas12a for ultrasensitive protease detection. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Hu Q, Bao Y, Gan S, Zhang Y, Han D, Niu L. Amplified Electrochemical Biosensing of Thrombin Activity by RAFT Polymerization. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3470-3476. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Hu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Bao
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Gan
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Han
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
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11
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Microfluidic paper-based photoelectrochemical sensing platform with electron-transfer tunneling distance regulation strategy for thrombin detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 133:1-7. [PMID: 30901598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a microfluidic paper-based photoelectrochemical (μ-PEC) sensing platform for thrombin (TB) detection with electron-transfer tunneling distance regulation (ETTDR) and aptamer target-triggering nicking enzyme signaling amplification (NESA) dual strategies. Specifically, paper-based TiO2 nanosheets (PTNs) were prepared with an efficient hydrothermal process, serving as the direct pathway for the charge carriers transfer. When CeO2-labeled hairpin DNA 3 (HP3) was closely located at the PTNs, the CeO2-PTNs heterostructure was formed, which could great facilitate the photogenerated carries separation of CeO2. In addition, with the aid of aptamer target-triggering NESA strategy, the input TB could be transducted to numerous output target of DNA (tDNA), achieving the goal of desirable signal amplification. In the presence of TB, the output tDNA could be further hybridized with HP3 and unfold its hairpin loop, which forced the CeO2 away from the surface of PTNs and vanished the CeO2-PTNs heterostructure, resulting in the obviously reducing of photocurrent signal. The as-designed sensing platform exhibited a linear range from 0.02 pM to 100 pM with a detection limit of 6.7 fM. Importantly, this μ-PEC sensing platform could not only realize the highly efficient TB detection, but also pave a luciferous way for the detection of other protein in bioanalysis.
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12
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Abstract
Proteases play a pivotal role in regulating important physiological processes from food digestion to blood clotting. They are also important biomarkers for many diseases such as cancers. The importance of proteases has led to extensive efforts in the screening of proteases and their inhibitors as potential drug molecules. For example, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients have been treated with HIV-1 protease inhibitors to prolong the life expectancy of patients. Such a close relationship between diseases and proteases provides a strong motivation for developing sensitive, selective, and robust protease assays and sensors, which can be exploited to discover new proteases and inhibitors. In this aspect, protease assays based on levels of proteolytic activities are more relevant than protease affinity assays such as immunoassays. In this review, recent developments of protease activity assays based on different detection principles are discussed and compared. For homogenous assays, fluorescence-based techniques are the most popular due to their high sensitivity and quantitative results. However, homogeneous assays have limited multiplex sensing capabilities. In contrast, heterogeneous assays can be employed to detect multiple proteases simultaneously, given the microarray technology that is already available. Among them, electrochemical methods, surface spectroscopy techniques, and enzyme-linked peptide protease assays are commonly used. Finally, recent developments in liquid crystal (LC)-based protease assays and their applications for detecting proteases and their inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun-Lin Yang
- National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585.
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Cheng W, Pan J, Yang J, Zheng Z, Lu F, Chen Y, Gao W. A photoelectrochemical aptasensor for thrombin based on the use of carbon quantum dot-sensitized TiO 2 and visible-light photoelectrochemical activity. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:263. [PMID: 29687401 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for the highly sensitive and specific detection of thrombin is described. This aptasensor is based on an indium tin oxide (ITO) support that is covered with carbon quantum dot (CQD)-sensitized TiO2 and acts as a photoactive matrix. The ITO/TiO2/CQD electrode was prepared by impregnation assembly. It displays an enhanced and steady photocurrent response under irradiation by visible light. A carboxyl-functionalized thrombin-binding aptamer was covalently immobilized on the modified ITO to obtain a PEC aptasensor whose photocurrent decreases with increasing concentration of thrombin. Under 420 nm irradiation at a bias voltage of 0 V, the aptasensor has a linear response in the 1.0 to 250 pM thrombin concentration range, with a 0.83 pM detection limit. Conceivably, this approach can be extended to numerous other PEC aptasensors for the detection of targets for which appropriate aptamers are available. Graphical abstract Schematic of a PEC aptasensor for thrombin. It is based on the use of CQD as the sensitizer, TiO2/CQDs as the photoactive matrix, and the thrombin aptamer as the recognition element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Yang
- National Detergents and Cosmetics Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Guangdong), Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengyao Zheng
- National Detergents and Cosmetics Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Guangdong), Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fushen Lu
- Analysis & Testing Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaowen Chen
- Analysis & Testing Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, People's Republic of China.
- Analysis & Testing Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Hao N, Hua R, Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Qian J, Liu Q, Wang K. Multiple signal-amplification via Ag and TiO 2 decorated 3D nitrogen doped graphene hydrogel for fabricating sensitive label-free photoelectrochemical thrombin aptasensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 101:14-20. [PMID: 29031885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Ag/TiO2/3D nitrogen doped graphene hydrogel (3DNGH) was prepared for the first time and the photocurrent intensity of this material was greatly enhanced, which was attributed to the multiple enhancements accomplished in one step. The porous structure of 3DNGH could provide an exceptionally large accessible surface area, which was beneficial for the anchoring of Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles. The introduction of nitrogen doped graphene and metal nanoparticles was capable to facilitate the charge separation efficiency and accelerate the transfer rate of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Then the photoelectrochemical performance was further amplified by the localized surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles. On the basis of excellent PEC properties of Ag/TiO2/3DNGH, a sensitive label-free PEC sensor has been established for the determination of thrombin successfully. This proposed PEC biosensor exhibited good PEC performances with a wide linear in the range from 0.01p.M. to 10p.M. as well as a relative low detection limit of 3 fM (S/N = 3), indicating that Ag/TiO2/3DNGH would serve as a promising photoactive material in the applications of PEC biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Rong Hua
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Saibo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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15
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Development of near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe based on cationic conjugated polymer and CdTe/CdS QDs for label-free determination of glucose in human body fluids. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 95:41-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Zhang W, Shi Y, Zheng S, Liu Y, Huang C. Preparation of photoactive multilayer films with high photocurrent response and detection of thrombin. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Ren H, Long Z, Cui M, Shao K, Zhou K, Ouyang J, Na N. Dual-Functional Nanoparticles for In Situ Sequential Detection and Imaging of ATP and H2 O2. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3920-3924. [PMID: 27337683 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Within a complex biological sample, the in situ sequential detection of multiple molecules without any interference is greatly desirable. Dual-functional nanoparticles are constructed, with the enzyme-based core-shell structures, for the in situ sequential detection of ATP and H2 O2 within the same biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zi Long
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Mengchao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Kang Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10021, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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18
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Du R, Zhu L, Gan J, Wang Y, Qiao L, Liu B. Ultrasensitive Detection of Low-Abundance Protein Biomarkers by Mass Spectrometry Signal Amplification Assay. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6767-72. [PMID: 27253396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A mass spectrometry signal amplification method is developed for the ultrasensitive and selective detection of low-abundance protein biomarkers by utilizing tag molecules on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). EpCAM and thrombin as model targets are captured by specific aptamers immobilized on the AuNPs. With laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF MS), the mass tag molecules are detected to represent the protein biomarkers. Benefiting from the MS signal amplification, the assay can achieve a limit of detection of 100 aM. The method is further applied to detect thrombin in fetal bovine serum and EpCAM in cell lysates to demonstrate its selectivity and feasibility in complex biological samples. With the high sensitivity and specificity, the protocol shows great promise for providing a new route to single-cell analysis and early disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Du
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , Handan Road 220, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , Handan Road 220, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinrui Gan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , Handan Road 220, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , Handan Road 220, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , Handan Road 220, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University , East Beijing Road 356, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , Handan Road 220, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University , East Beijing Road 356, Shanghai 200001, China
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19
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Chen L, Bao Y, Denstedt J, Zhang J. Nanostructured bioluminescent sensor for rapidly detecting thrombin. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Chen J, Liu Y, Zhao GC. A Novel Photoelectrochemical Biosensor for Tyrosinase and Thrombin Detection. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16010135. [PMID: 26805846 PMCID: PMC4732168 DOI: 10.3390/s16010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel photoelectrochemical biosensor for step-by-step assay of tyrosinase and thrombin was fabricated based on the specific interactions between the designed peptide and the target enzymes. A peptide chain with a special sequence which contains a positively charged lysine-labeled terminal, tyrosine at the other end and a cleavage site recognized by thrombin between them was designed. The designed peptide can be fixed on surface of the CdTe quantum dots (QDs)-modified indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode through electrostatic attraction to construct the photoelectrochemical biosensor. The tyrosinase target can catalyze the oxidization of tyrosine by oxygen into ortho-benzoquinone residues, which results in a decrease in the sensor photocurrent. Subsequently, the cleavage site could be recognized and cut off by another thrombin target, restoring the sensor photocurrent. The decrease or increase of photocurrent in the sensor enables us to assay tyrosinase and thrombin. Thus, the detection of tyrosinase and thrombin can be achieved in the linear range from 2.6 to 32 μg/mL and from 4.5 to 100 μg/mL with detection limits of 1.5 μg/mL and 1.9 μg/mL, respectively. Most importantly, this strategy shall allow us to detect different classes of enzymes simultaneously by designing various enzyme-specific peptide substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexia Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
- Departement of Chemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Yifan Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Guang-Chao Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
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21
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Feng J, Zhuo C, Ma X, Li S, Zhang Y. A peptide with a cysteine terminus: probe for label-free fluorescent detection of thrombin activity. Analyst 2016; 141:4481-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00366d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A label-free fluorescent method for detection of thrombin activity has been developed by using a probe with a thrombin-cleavable peptide sequence and a cysteine terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- PR China
| | - Caixia Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- PR China
| | - Xuejuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- PR China
| | - Shuangqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- PR China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- PR China
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22
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Dai C, Yang CX, Yan XP. Ratiometric Fluorescent Detection of Phosphate in Aqueous Solution Based on Near Infrared Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters/Metal–Organic Shell Composite. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11455-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Dai
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University),
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, 94
Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cheng-Xiong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University),
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, 94
Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University),
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, 94
Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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23
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Test of hirudin activity by tracking the binding of hirudin to thrombin in the presence of BS3 cross-linking. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2015; 26:823-6. [PMID: 26332983 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hirudin has a great potential in inhibiting thrombin, and its antithrombin activity has direct bearing on its clinical application. Using bovine alpha-thrombin and recombinant hirudin of Poecilobdella javanica purified from Phichia pastoris as materials, this study introduced a novel method to testing antithrombin activity of hirudin visually and dynamically by tracking the binding of hirudin to thrombin. After incubating the mixture of thrombin and hirudin at 37 °C for 5 min, the binding of hirudin to thrombin was cross-linked by bis[sulfosuccinimidyl] suberate for 30 min and visualized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. With the aid of image analysis on the basis of INRA-Noésis E1D analysis software, antithrombin activity of hirudin was calculated through intensity variations of protein bands of either thrombin-hirudin compound, unbound thrombin, or unbound hirudin. In this regard, activity of the given hirudin was tested to be 5625 ATU/mg based on a single reaction, and 5675.3 ATU/mg based on a series of reactions in a stepwise manner, close to the result of 6000 ATU/mg concluded by titration method. The superiorities of the method include good accuracy (the minimum testable concentration of hirudin is 1.5 μg/ml) and little sample consumption (sample consumption of hirudin is generally 1-11.5 μl using the apparatus of Mini Protean 3 Cell). Easy operation, low input, and equipment requirement also grant it as an effective way.
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24
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Liu SY, Wang H, He T, Qi L, Zhang ZQ. Sensitive fluorimetric assays for α-glucosidase activity and inhibitor screening based on β-cyclodextrin-coated quantum dots. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 31:96-101. [PMID: 25962377 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescence method was established for a α-glucosidase activity assay and inhibitor screening based on β-cyclodextrin-coated quantum dots. p-Nitrophenol, the hydrolysis product of the α-glucosidase reaction, could quench the fluorescence of β-cyclodextrin-coated quantum dots via an electron transfer process, leading to fluorescence turn-off, whereas the fluorescence of the system turned on in the presence of α-glucosidase inhibitors. Taking advantage of the excellent properties of quantum dots, this method provided a very simple, rapid and sensitive screening method for α-glucosidase inhibitors. Two α-glucosidase inhibitors, 2,4,6-tribromophenol and acarbose, were used to evaluate the feasibility of this screening model, and IC50 values of 24 μM and 0.55 mM were obtained respectively, which were lower than those previously reported. The method may have potential application in screening α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Tian He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Liang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
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25
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Yu J, Yang L, Liang X, Dong T, Liu H. Bare magnetic nanoparticles as fluorescence quenchers for detection of thrombin. Analyst 2015; 140:4114-20. [PMID: 25894923 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of thrombin has very important significance in clinical diagnosis. In this work, bare magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (magnetic nanoparticles) without any modification were used as fluorescence quenchers. In the absence of thrombin, a fluorescent dye (CY3) labeled thrombin aptamer (named CY3-aptamer) was adsorbed on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles through interaction between a phosphate backbone of the CY3-aptamer and hydroxyl groups on the bare magnetic nanoparticles in binding solution, leading to fluorescence quenching. Once thrombin was introduced, the CY3-aptamer formed a G-quartet structure and combined with thrombin, which resulted in the CY3-aptamer being separated from the magnetic nanoparticles and restoration of fluorescence. This proposed assay took advantage of binding affinity between the CY3-aptamer and thrombin for specificity, and bare magnetic nanoparticles for fluorescence quenching. The fluorescence signal had a good linear relationship with thrombin concentration in the range of 1-60 nM, and the limit of detection for thrombin was estimated as low as 0.5 nM. Furthermore, this method could be applied for other target detection using the corresponding fluorescence labeled aptamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemiao Yu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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26
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Wu Z, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xiao H, Shen A, Zhou X, Hu J. A simple and universal “turn-on” detection platform for proteases based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 65:375-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Shangguan L, Zhu W, Xue Y, Liu S. Construction of photoelectrochemical thrombin aptasensor via assembling multilayer of graphene-CdS nanocomposites. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 64:611-7. [PMID: 25314620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for highly sensitive and specific detection of thrombin was developed by using graphene–CdS nanocomposites multilayer as photoactive species and electroactive mediator hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride (Ru(NH(3))(6)(3+)) as signal enhancer. Graphene–CdS nanocomposites (G–CdS) were synthesized by one-pot reduction of oxide graphene and CdCl2 with thioacetamide. The photoactive multilayer was prepared by alternative assembly of the negatively charged 3-mercaptopropionic acid modified graphene–CdS nanocomposites (MPA-G–CdS) and the positively charged polyethylenimine (PEI) on ITO electrode. This layer-by-layer assembly method enhanced the stability and homogeneity of the photocurrent readout of G–CdS. Thrombin aptamer was covalently bound to the multilayer by using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking. Electroactive mediator (Ru(NH(3))(6)(3+)) could interact with the DNA phosphate backbone and thus facilitated the electron transfer between G–CdS multilayer and electrode and enhanced the photocurrent. Hybridizing of a long complementary DNA with thrombin aptamer could increase the adsorption amount of (Ru(NH(3))(6)(3+)), which in turn boosted the signal readout. In the presence of target thrombin, the affinity interaction between thrombin and its aptamer resulted in the long complementary DNA releasing from the G–CdS multilayer and decreasing of photocurrent signal. On the basis of G–CdS multilayer as the photoactive species, (Ru (NH(3))(6)(3+)) as an electroactive mediator, and aptamer as a recognition module, a high sensitive PEC aptasensor for thrombin detection was proposed. The thrombin aptasensor displayed a linear range from 2.0 pM to 600.0 pM and a detection limit of 1.0 pM. The present strategy provided a promising ideology for the future development of PEC biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shangguan
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Jingjiang People's Hospital, PR China
| | | | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Suzhou Research Institute of Southeast University, PR China.
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