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Shanmugasundaram KB, Ahmed E, Miao X, Kulasinghe A, Fletcher JA, Monkman J, Mainwaring P, Masud MK, Park H, Hossain MSA, Yamauchi Y, Sina AAI, O'Byrne K, Wuethrich A, Trau M. A Mesoporous Gold Sensor Unveils Phospho PD-L1 in Extracellular Vesicles as a Proxy for PD-L1 Expression in Lung Cancer Tissue. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3009-3016. [PMID: 38836608 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), or its receptor, PD-1 have improved survival in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Assessment of PD-L1 expression requires tissue biopsy or fine needle aspiration that are currently used to identify patients most likely to respond to single agent anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. However, obtaining sufficient tissue to generate a PD-L1 tissue proportion score (TPS) ≥ 50% using immunohistochemistry remains a challenge that potentially may be overcome by liquid biopsies. This study utilized a mesoporous gold sensor (MGS) assay to examine the phosphorylation status of PD-L1 in plasma extracellular vesicles (EV pPD-L1) and PD-L1 levels in plasma from NSCLC patient samples and their association with tumor PD-L1 TPS. The 3-dimensional mesoporous network of the electrodes provides a large surface area, high signal-to-noise ratio, and a superior electro-conductive framework, thereby significantly improving the detection sensitivity of PD-L1 nanosensing. Test (n = 20) (Pearson's r = 0.99) and validation (n = 45) (Pearson's r = 0.99) cohorts show that EV pPD-L1 status correlates linearly with the tumor PD-L1 TPS assessed by immunohistochemistry irrespective of the tumor stage, with 64% of patients overall showing detectable EV pPD-L1 levels in plasma. In contrast to the EV pPD-L1 results, plasma PD-L1 levels did not correlate with the tumor PD-L1 TPS score or EV pPD-L1 levels. These data demonstrate that EV pPD-L1 levels may be used to select patients for appropriate PD-1 and PD-L1 ICI therapy regimens in early, locally advanced, and advanced NSCLC and should be tested further in randomized controlled trials. Most importantly, the assay used has a less than 24h turnaround time, facilitating adoption of the test into the routine diagnostic evaluation of patients prior to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik B Shanmugasundaram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Emtiaz Ahmed
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xinzhe Miao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - James A Fletcher
- Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - James Monkman
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Paul Mainwaring
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mostafa Kamal Masud
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hyeongyu Park
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Md Shahriar A Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Abu A I Sina
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kenneth O'Byrne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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2
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Ahmed M, Wuethrich A, Constantin N, Shanmugasundaram KB, Mainwaring P, Kulasinghe A, O'Leary C, O'Byrne K, Sina AAI, Carrascosa LG, Trau M. Liquid Biopsy Snapshots of Key Phosphoproteomic Pathways in Lung Cancer Patients for Diagnosis and Therapy Monitoring. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37224231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a post-translational modification in proteins that changes protein conformation and activity for regulating signal transduction pathways. This mechanism is frequently impaired in lung cancer, resulting in permanently active constitutive phosphorylation to initiate tumor growth and/or reactivate pathways in response to therapy. We developed a multiplexed phosphoprotein analyzer chip (MPAC) that enables rapid (detection time: 5 min) and sensitive (LOD: 2 pg/μL) detection of protein phosphorylation and presents phosphoproteomic profiling of major phosphorylation pathways in lung cancer. We monitored phosphorylated receptors and downstream proteins involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in lung cancer cell line models and patient-derived extracellular vesicles (EV). Using kinase inhibitor drugs in cell line models, we found that the drug can inhibit the phosphorylation and/or activation of the kinase pathway. We then generated a phosphorylation heatmap by EV phosphoproteomic profiling of plasma samples isolated from 36 lung cancer patients and 8 noncancer individuals. The heatmap showed a clear difference between the noncancer and cancer samples and identify the specific proteins that are activated in the cancer samples. Our data also showed that MPAC could monitor immunotherapy responses by assessment of the phosphorylation states of the proteins, particularly for PD-L1. Finally, with a longitudinal study, we found that the phosphorylation levels of the proteins were indicative of a positive response to therapy. We believe that this study will lead to personalized treatment by providing a better understanding of the active and resistant pathways and will provide a tool for selecting combined and targeted therapies for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostak Ahmed
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nicolas Constantin
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karthik Balaji Shanmugasundaram
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Mainwaring
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Connor O'Leary
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ken O'Byrne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Laura G Carrascosa
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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3
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An Interfacial Affinity Interaction-Based Method for Detecting HOTAIR lncRNA in Cancer Plasma Samples. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050287. [PMID: 35624588 PMCID: PMC9139111 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA Homeobox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is recognized as a participant in different processes of normal cell development. Aberrant overexpression of HOTAIR contributes to the initiation, growth, and invasiveness of ovarian cancer. Using the affinity interaction of target HOTAIR lncRNA sequences towards a screen-printed gold electrode (SPE-Au), herein we report on a novel, rapid and simple method to detect HOTAIR sequences. HOTAIR lncRNA sequences were first extracted from ovarian cancer cell lines and patient plasma samples and were magnetically captured and purified by complimentary capture probe-functionalized magnetic beads. Isolated target HOTAIR lncRNAs were directly adsorbed onto unmodified screen-printed gold electrodes (SPE-Au) for direct quantification with [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox couple. Our assay achieved a linear dynamic range of 100 nM and 1 pM for detecting pre-clinical model HOTAIR lncRNA samples (%RSD ≤ 5%, for n = 3) and was highly specific, showing clear distinction between HOTAIR lncRNA targets and non-specific miR-891 and miR-486 (100 nM) (%RSD ≤ 5%, for n = 3). The method was tested using ovarian cancer-specific cell lines (SKOV3 and OVCAR3) and mesothelial cell line (MeT-5A)-derived lncRNAs. The analytical performance of our method was validated using RT-qPCR. Finally, the method was tested using clinical samples from ovarian cancer patients and the resulting electrochemical responses show a clear distinction between the ovarian carcinoma and benign samples.
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4
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Lin C, Xin S, Huang X, Zhang F. PTPRA facilitates cancer growth and migration via the TNF-α-mediated PTPRA-NF-κB pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:131. [PMID: 32934700 PMCID: PMC7471670 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type A (PTPRA), one of the classic protein tyrosine phosphatases, is crucial for modulating tumorigenesis and metastasis in breast cancer; however, its functional mechanism has not fully elucidated. The present study assessed PTPRA expression and estimated its clinical impact on survival using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database (GEPIA). Growth curves, colony formations and Transwell assays were utilized to examine cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, luciferase reporter assays were used to examine the potential tumor signaling pathways targeted by PTPRA in HEK293T cells. Furthermore, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was utilized to confirm the transcriptional regulation of PTPRA expression. Bioinformatic analyses of data from GEPIA identified PTPRA overexpression in patients with breast cancer. The growth curve, colony formation and transwell experiments demonstrated that PTPRA upregulation significantly promoted the cell proliferation and migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In contrast, PTPRA knockdown significantly attenuated cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistic experiments revealed that the transcriptional activity of NF-κB was higher compared with other classic tumor pathways when they were activated by PTPRA in HEK293T cells. Furthermore, the transcriptional activity of NF-κB was altered in a PTPRA-dose-dependent manner. Additionally, following exposure to TNF-α, PTPRA-deficient MCF-7 cells exhibited lower NF-κB transcriptional activity compared with normal control cells. The results of the present study demonstrate that PTPRA overexpression accelerates inflammatory tumor phenotypes in breast cancer and that the TNF-α-mediated PTPRA-NF-κB pathway may offer novel insight into early diagnosis and optimum treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canfeng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Shubo Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Feiran Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Feiran Zhang, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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5
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Sina AAI, Lin TY, Vaidyanathan R, Wang Z, Dey S, Wang J, Behren A, Wuethrich A, Carrascosa LG, Trau M. Methylation dependent gold adsorption behaviour identifies cancer derived extracellular vesicular DNA. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1317-1323. [PMID: 32530449 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) play a major role in intercellular communication by transmitting cellular materials (e.g. protein, RNA) among distant cells. Recent evidence suggests that they could also contribute to carrying DNA which could inform on the mutational status of the parent tumour DNA. Thus, the fundamental analysis of evDNA could open a better understanding of tumour metastasis and provide new pathways for noninvasive detection and monitoring of cancer. To explore the potential of evDNA for diagnostics, the isolation of pure evDNA from body fluids free of cfDNA contamination is crucial. Herein, we use a liposome based model system to develop an improved evDNA isolation protocol free from cfDNA contamination and evaluate the methylation dependent physicochemical properties of evDNA to develop a simple test for detecting cancer evDNA. Using a highly sensitive multiplex microelectrode device, we demonstrate that serum-evDNA derived from cancer patients show different solution and surface based properties than normal evDNA due to their different methylation landscape (i.e. methylscape). This microdevice allows simultaneous analysis of multiple samples in a single platform from as low as 500 pg μL-1 of evDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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6
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Phosphoprotein Biosensors for Monitoring Pathological Protein Structural Changes. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:519-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Ahmed E, Masud MK, Hossain MSA, Na J, Sina AAI, Yamauchi Y, Trau M. Nanostructured mesoporous gold electrodes detect protein phosphorylation in cancer with electrochemical signal amplification. Analyst 2020; 145:6639-6648. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A nanostructured mesoporous gold electrode is demonstrated to detect the phosphorylated protein over non-phosphorylated in cancer using electrochemical signal amplification through differential pulse voltammetry in the presence of the [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emtiaz Ahmed
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Mostafa Kamal Masud
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Md. Shahriar A. Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering
| | - Jongbeom Na
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering
| | - Matt Trau
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
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8
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Khondakar KR, Dey S, Wuethrich A, Sina AAI, Trau M. Toward Personalized Cancer Treatment: From Diagnostics to Therapy Monitoring in Miniaturized Electrohydrodynamic Systems. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2113-2123. [PMID: 31293158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Historically, cancer was seen and treated as a single disease. Over the years, this image has shifted, and it is now generally accepted that cancer is a complex and dynamic disease that engages multiple progression pathways in each patient. The shift from treating cancer as single disease to tailoring the therapy based on the individual's characteristic cancer profile promises to improve the clinical outcome and has also given rise to the field of personalized cancer treatment. To advise a suitable therapy plan and adjust personalized treatment, a reliable and fast diagnostic strategy is required. The advances in nanotechnology, microfluidics, and biomarker research have spurred the development of powerful miniaturized diagnostic systems that show high potential for use in personalized cancer treatment. These devices require only minute sample volumes and have the capability to create instant cancer snapshots that could be used as tool for cancer risk indication, early detection, tumor classification, and recurrence. Miniaturized systems can combine a whole sample-to-answer workflow including sample handling, preparation, analysis, and detection. As such, this concept is also often referred to as "lab-on-a-chip". An inherit challenge of monitoring personalized cancer treatment using miniaturized systems is that cancer biomarkers are often only detectable at trace concentrations present in a complex biological sample rich in interfering molecules, necessitating highly specific and sensitive biosensing strategies. To address the need for trace level detection, highly sensitive fluorescence, absorbance, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), electrochemical, mass spectrometric, and chemiluminescence approaches were developed. To reduce sample matrix interferences, ingenious device modifications including coatings and nanoscopic fluid flow manipulation have been developed. Of the latter, our group has exploited the use of alternating current electrohydrodynamic (ac-EHD) fluid flows as an efficient strategy to reduce nonspecific nontarget biosensor binding and speed-up assay times. ac-EHD provides fluid motion induced by an electric field with the ability to generate surface shear forces in nanometer distance to the biosensing surface (known as nanoshearing phenomenon). This is ideally suited to increase the collision frequency of cancer biomarkers with the biosensing surface and shear off nontarget molecules thereby minimizing nonspecific binding. In this Account, we review recent advancements in miniaturized diagnostic system development with potential use in personalized cancer treatment and monitoring. We focus on integrated microfluidic structures for controlled sample flow manipulation followed by on-device biomarker interrogation. We further highlight the progress in our group, emphasis fundamentals and applications of ac-EHD-enhanced miniaturized systems, and outline promising detection concepts for comprehensive cancer biomarker profiling. The advances are discussed based on the type of cancer biomarkers and cover circulating tumor cells, proteins, extracellular vesicles, and nucleic acids. The potential of miniaturized diagnostic systems for personalized cancer treatment and monitoring is underlined with representative examples including device illustrations. In the final section, we critically discuss the future of personalized diagnostics and what challenges should be addressed to make these devices clinically translatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Reza Khondakar
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College
and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shuvashis Dey
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College
and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College
and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College
and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College
and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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9
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Suprun EV. Protein post-translational modifications – A challenge for bioelectrochemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Ahmed M, Carrascosa LG, Mainwaring P, Trau M. Reading Conformational Changes in Proteins with a New Colloidal-Based Interfacial Biosensing System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:11125-11135. [PMID: 30799601 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many biological events such as mutations or aberrant post-translational modifications can alter the conformation and/or folding stability of proteins and their subsequent biological function, which may trigger the onset of diseases like cancer. Evaluating protein folding is hence crucial for the diagnosis of these diseases. Yet, it is still challenging to detect changes in protein folding, especially if they are subtle, in a simple and highly sensitive manner with the current assays. Herein, we report a new colloidal-based interfacial biosensing approach for qualitative and quantitative profiling of various types of changes in protein folding; from denaturation to variant conformations in native proteins, such as protein activation via mutations or phosphorylation. The approach is based on the direct interfacial interaction of proteins freely available in solution with added tannic-acid-capped gold nanoparticles, to interrogate their folding status in their solubilized form. We found that under the optimized conditions, proteins can modulate colloids solvation according to their folding or conformational status, which can be visualized in a single step, by the naked eye, with minimal protein input requirements (limit of detection of 1 ng/μL). Protein folding detection was achieved regardless of protein topology and size without using conformation-specific antibodies and mutational analysis, which are the most common assays for sensing malfunctioning proteins. The approach showed excellent sensitivity, superior to circular dichroism, for the detection of the very subtle conformational changes induced by activating mutations and phosphorylation in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) proteins. This enabled their detection even in complex samples derived from lung cancer cells, which contained up to 95% excess of their wild-type forms. A broader clinical translation was shown via monitoring the action of conformation-restoring drugs, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, on EGFR conformation and its downstream protein network, using the ERK protein as a surrogate.
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11
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Wuethrich A, Sina AAI, Ahmed M, Lin TY, Carrascosa LG, Trau M. Interfacial nano-mixing in a miniaturised platform enables signal enhancement and in situ detection of cancer biomarkers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10884-10890. [PMID: 29565425 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09496e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial biosensing performs the detection of biomolecules at the bare-metal interface for disease diagnosis by comparing how biological species derived from patients and healthy individuals interact with bare metal surfaces. This technique retrieves clinicopathological information without complex surface functionalisation which is a major limitation of conventional techniques. However, it is still challenging to detect subtle molecular changes by interfacial biosensing, and the detection often requires prolonged sensing times due to the slow diffusion process of the biomolecules towards the sensor surface. Herein, we report on a novel strategy for interfacial biosensing which involves in situ electrochemical detection under the action of an electric field-induced nanoscopic flow at nanometre distance to the sensing surface. This nanomixing significantly increases target adsorption, reduces sensing time, and enables the detection of small molecular changes with enhanced sensitivity. Using a multiplex electrochemical microdevice that enables nanomixing and in situ label-free electrochemical detection, we demonstrate the detection of multiple cancer biomarkers on the same device. We present data for the detection of aberrant phosphorylation in the EGFR protein and hypermethylation in the EN1 gene region. Our method significantly shortens the assay period (from 40 min and 20 min to 3 minutes for protein and DNA, respectively), increases the sensitivity by up to two orders of magnitude, and improves detection specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Mostak Ahmed
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Ting-Yun Lin
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Laura G Carrascosa
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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12
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Ahmed M, Carrascosa LG, Wuethrich A, Mainwaring P, Trau M. An exosomal- and interfacial-biosensing based strategy for remote monitoring of aberrantly phosphorylated proteins in lung cancer cells. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2336-2341. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00629f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate remote detection of cellular protein phosphorylation using exosomal sources and an interfacial-biosensing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostak Ahmed
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
| | - Laura G. Carrascosa
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
| | - Paul Mainwaring
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
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13
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Suprun EV, Radko SP, Farafonova TE, Kozin SA, Makarov AA, Archakov AI, Shumyantseva VV. Electrochemical detection of protein post-translational modifications: Phosphorylation and nitration of amyloid-beta (1–16). Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Dutta Chowdhury A, Agnihotri N, Doong RA, De A. Label-Free and Nondestructive Separation Technique for Isolation of Targeted DNA from DNA–Protein Mixture Using Magnetic Au–Fe3O4 Nanoprobes. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12244-12251. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Dutta Chowdhury
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Institute of Environmental
Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Nidhi Agnihotri
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Ruey-an Doong
- Institute of Environmental
Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Amitabha De
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
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Yadav S, Masud MK, Islam MN, Gopalan V, Lam AKY, Tanaka S, Nguyen NT, Hossain MSA, Li C, Yamauchi Y, Shiddiky MJA. Gold-loaded nanoporous iron oxide nanocubes: a novel dispersible capture agent for tumor-associated autoantibody analysis in serum. NANOSCALE 2017. [PMID: 28627551 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies are produced against tumor associated antigens (TAAs) long before the appearance of any symptoms and thus can serve as promising, non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancer. Current conventional methods for autoantibody detection are highly invasive and mostly provide diagnosis in the later stages of cancer. Herein we report a new electrochemical method for early detection of p53 autoantibodies against colon cancer using a strategy that combines the strength of gold-loaded nanoporous iron oxide nanocube (Au@NPFe2O3NC)-based capture and purification while incorporating the inherent simplicity, inexpensive, and portable nature of the electrochemical and naked-eye colorimetric readouts. After the functionalisation of Au@NPFe2O3NC with p53 antigens, our method utilises a two-step strategy that involves (i) magnetic capture and isolation of autoantibodies using p53/Au@NPFe2O3NC as 'dispersible nanocapture agents' in serum samples and (ii) subsequent detection of autoantibodies through a peroxidase-catalyzed reaction on a commercially available disposable screen-printed electrode or naked-eye detection in an Eppendorf tube. This method has demonstrated a good sensitivity (LOD = 0.02 U mL-1) and reproducibility (relative standard deviation, %RSD = <5%, for n = 3) for detecting p53 autoantibodies in serum and has also been successfully applied to analyse a small cohort of clinical samples obtained from colorectal cancer. We believe that the highly inexpensive, rapid, sensitive, and specific nature of our assay could potentially aid in the development of an early diagnostic tool for cancer and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Yadav
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia.
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