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Longlalerng K, Watanasiripakdee S, Jeenduang N, Habuddha V, Piya-amornphan N, Damchuai T. Home-Based Aerobic Interval Training Combined with Resistance Training Improved Daytime Dysfunction in Adults with Obesity and Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Sleep Sci 2024; 17:e117-e124. [PMID: 38846585 PMCID: PMC11152638 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction There have been many barriers to exercising at a gym due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. Home-based aerobic interval training (AIT) combined with resistance training (RT) may be helpful for obese adults with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) to overcome those barriers and improve their subjective sleep disorders. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the effects of home-based AIT combined with RT on subjective sleep disorders in obese adults with SDB. Material and Methods This study has a one-group pretest-posttest design. Twenty-one adults with obesity and SDB were assigned to perform 8 weeks of AIT combined with RT. Subjective sleep disorder variables including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Berlin Questionnaire, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were defined as primary outcomes. Anthropometric variables, physical fitness components, and blood biomarkers were assigned as secondary outcomes. All outcome measurements were examined at baseline and after 8 weeks of training. Results Daytime dysfunction of PSQI was significantly improved after 8 weeks of the exercise program ( p < 0.05). Upper and lower chest expansion and estimated maximum oxygen consumption were significantly increased after 8 weeks of the exercise program (all p < 0.05). None of the blood biomarkers changed after 8 weeks of training. Conclusion This study suggests that home-based AIT combined with RT effectively alleviates daytime dysfunction and seems to be more helpful in improving global PSQI in adults with obesity. Future studies with a larger sample size, under a controlled trial are recommended to prove the benefits of the exercise program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khomkrip Longlalerng
- Department of Physical Therapy, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Movement Science and Exercise Research Center-Walailak University (MoveSE-WU), Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Siripan Watanasiripakdee
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nutjaree Jeenduang
- Medical Technology, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Valainipha Habuddha
- Department of Physical Therapy, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Movement Science and Exercise Research Center-Walailak University (MoveSE-WU), Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nitita Piya-amornphan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Movement Science and Exercise Research Center-Walailak University (MoveSE-WU), Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Tipwamol Damchuai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Li Y, He W, Jiang J, Zhang J, Ding M, Li G, Luo X, Ma Z, Li J, Ma Y, Shen Y, Han X. Non-Pharmacological Interventions in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024; 105:963-974. [PMID: 37499852 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacologic interventions and the additional benefits of their combination in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Clinical Trials Register from the date of database inception to April 22, 2023. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials involving non-pharmacologic interventions conducted in patients with HFrEF were included. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers based on a pre-tested data extraction form. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 82 eligible studies (4574 participants) were included. We performed a random-effects model within a Bayesian framework to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% credibility intervals. High or moderate certainty evidence indicated that high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIAIT) was best on improving 6-minute walk distance (6MWD; 68.55 m [36.41, 100.47]) and left ventricular ejection fraction (6.28% [3.88, 8.77]), while high-intensity aerobic continuous training (HIACT) is best on improving peak oxygen consumption (Peak VO2; 3.48 mL/kg•min [2.84, 4.12]), quality of life (QOL; -17.26 [-29.99, -7.80]), resting heart rate (-8.20 bpm [-13.32, -3.05]), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (-600.96 pg/mL [-902.93, -404.52]). Moderate certainty evidence supported the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training to improve peak oxygen consumption and functional electrical stimulation to improve QOL. Moderate-intensity aerobic continuous training (MIACT) plus moderate-intensity resistance training (MIRT) had additional benefits in Peak VO2, 6MWD, and QOL. This review did not provide a comprehensive evaluation of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Both HIAIT and HIACT are the most effective single non-pharmacologic interventions for HFrEF. MIACT plus MIRT had additional benefits in improving peak oxygen consumption, 6MWD, and QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenbo He
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingfeng Ding
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Gaiyun Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaolei Luo
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ziyuan Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yichen Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Office of Legal Affairs, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuemei Han
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Guo C, Wu RY, Dou JH, Song SF, Sun XL, Hu YW, Guo FS, Wei J, Lin L, Wei J. Mitophagy-dependent cardioprotection of resistance training on heart failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1390-1401. [PMID: 37942531 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00674.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise is an indispensable mode of exercise rehabilitation for heart failure. Here we elucidate the cardiac effects of resistance training alone or combined with different aerobic trainings on heart failure and explore the critical regulation of mitophagy. The chronic heart failure model was constructed by transverse aortic constriction surgery, followed by 8 wk of resistance training (RT), moderate-intensity continuous training combined with resistance training (MRT), and high-intensity interval training combined with resistance training (HRT), and subsequently analyzed the changes of maximum load, cardiac structure and function, and myocardial mitophagic activity. The role and signaling of mitophagy in exercise protection of heart failure were investigated by knockdown of Hif1α and Parkin genes in primary neonatal cardiomyocytes. RT and especially MRT improved maximum load (P < 0.0001), myocardial morphology and fibrosis (P < 0.0001), reduced left ventricular diameter and enhanced left ventricular systolic function (P < 0.01), and enhanced myocardial mitophagic activity and HIF1α expression (P < 0.05) in heart failure mice. However, HRT had no obvious protective effect on ventricular diameter and function or mitophagy. The abilities of exercise stimulation to regulate reactive oxygen species, adenosine triphosphate, and brain natriuretic peptide were impaired after knockdown of Hif1α and Parkin genes inhibited mitophagy in failing cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05). Different exercise modalities provide discrepant cardiovascular effects on heart failure, and MRT exhibits optimal protection. The HIF1α-Parkin-mitophagy pathway is involved in the protection and regulation of exercise on heart failure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Impaired myocardial mitophagy is implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Resistance training alone or combined with different aerobic trainings provide discrepant cardiovascular effects on heart failure, and the cardioprotective function depends on HIF1α-Parkin-mitophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Yun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hao Dou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Fang Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Lu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Shun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Endemic Disease of Shaanxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Alshamari M, Kourek C, Sanoudou D, Delis D, Dimopoulos S, Rovina N, Nanas S, Karatzanos E, Philippou A. Does the Addition of Strength Training to a High-Intensity Interval Training Program Benefit More the Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:29. [PMID: 39076879 PMCID: PMC11270399 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2401029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aerobic exercise, either continuous or high intensity interval training (HIIT), induces important benefits in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. Resistance training has been also shown to be beneficial in CHF. However, data regarding combined aerobic exercise and muscle strength training is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adding strength training to a HIIT protocol within a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program has a cumulative beneficial effect on the functional capacity (FC) and quality of life (QoL) in patients with CHF. Methods Forty-four consecutive patients [35 males, ejection fraction (EF) < 50%] with CHF under medication enrolled in a 36-session CR program and were randomized in two exercise groups; HIIT (HIIT group) or HIIT combined with strength training (high intensity interval training combined with strength training (COM) group). All patients underwent baseline and endpoint outcome measures of a symptom-limited maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test, muscular endurance test, echocardiography, and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ). Results Most of the CPET indices, EF, 1RM test, muscular endurance and QoL were improved after the CR program in each exercise training group (p < 0.05). However, COM group demonstrated a further improvement in chest muscle testing and workload at anaerobic threshold (AT) compared to HIIT group. Conclusions An exercise-based CR program, consisted of either HIIT or HIIT combined with strength training, improves FC and QoL of patients with CHF. However, the addition of strength training to HIIT seems to have further beneficial effects on chest muscle strength and endurance, as well as workload at AT. Clinical Trial Registration The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with number NCT02387411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alshamari
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise & Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1st Critical Care Medicine Department, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar
| | - Christos Kourek
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise & Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1st Critical Care Medicine Department, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
- Department of Cardiology, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital of Athens (NIMTS), 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Delis
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise & Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1st Critical Care Medicine Department, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Dimopoulos
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise & Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1st Critical Care Medicine Department, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
- Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Rovina
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Serafim Nanas
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise & Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1st Critical Care Medicine Department, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Karatzanos
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise & Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1st Critical Care Medicine Department, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise & Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1st Critical Care Medicine Department, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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5
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Davos CH. Is ARIS (aerobic/resistance/inspiratory muscle training) the optimal exercise training programme for chronic heart failure patients? Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 28:1636-1638. [PMID: 33824964 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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6
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Righi GDA, Schuch FB, Tolves T, De Nardi AT, Righi NC, Signori LU, da Silva AMV. Combined aerobic and strength training for fitness outcomes in heart failure: meta-analysis and meta-regression. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:4149-4160. [PMID: 33789068 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1900411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of combined training (CT) versus aerobic training (AT) or versus control on VO2 peak and quadriceps muscle strength in patients with heart failure (HF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Major electronic databases were searched, from inception to November 2020, for randomized clinical trials comparing the effects of CT against AT or control on VO2 peak and/or quadriceps muscle strength in patients with HF. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted, calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD). RESULTS Twenty-eight articles were included. An increase on VO2 peak (SMD = 0.77, 95%CI 0.39-1.14, I2=80.1%) and quadriceps muscle strength (SMD = 0.67, 95%CI 0.18-1.16, I2=0%) was found in CT compared to control. CT increased quadriceps muscle strength, versus AT (SMD = 0.44, 95%CI 0.15-0.74, I2=0%). There were no differences between CT and AT on VO2 peak (SMD=-0.01, 95%CI -0.36 to 0.34, I2=65%). Time of session and training duration moderate the effects of CT over control on VO2 peak. CONCLUSIONS CT promotes increases on quadriceps muscle strength and aerobic capacity over control and provides additional gains on quadriceps muscle strength, having the same effects on VO2 peak compared to AT. A longer time of session is associated with greater benefits to aerobic capacity.Implications for rehabilitationCombining aerobic and strength training increases the functional capacity and quadriceps muscle strength in heart failure patients.Using longer sessions of training has a greater impact on aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Program in Functional Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Tainara Tolves
- Program in Functional Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luis Ulisses Signori
- Program in Functional Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Antônio Marcos Vargas da Silva
- Program in Functional Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Ambrosetti M, Abreu A, Corrà U, Davos CH, Hansen D, Frederix I, Iliou MC, Pedretti RF, Schmid JP, Vigorito C, Voller H, Wilhelm M, Piepoli MF, Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Berger T, Cohen-Solal A, Cornelissen V, Dendale P, Doehner W, Gaita D, Gevaert AB, Kemps H, Kraenkel N, Laukkanen J, Mendes M, Niebauer J, Simonenko M, Zwisler ADO. Secondary prevention through comprehensive cardiovascular rehabilitation: From knowledge to implementation. 2020 update. A position paper from the Secondary Prevention and Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 28:460-495. [PMID: 33611446 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320913379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Secondary prevention through comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation has been recognized as the most cost-effective intervention to ensure favourable outcomes across a wide spectrum of cardiovascular disease, reducing cardiovascular mortality, morbidity and disability, and to increase quality of life. The delivery of a comprehensive and 'modern' cardiac rehabilitation programme is mandatory both in the residential and the out-patient setting to ensure expected outcomes. The present position paper aims to update the practical recommendations on the core components and goals of cardiac rehabilitation intervention in different cardiovascular conditions, in order to assist the whole cardiac rehabilitation staff in the design and development of the programmes, and to support healthcare providers, insurers, policy makers and patients in the recognition of the positive nature of cardiac rehabilitation. Starting from the previous position paper published in 2010, this updated document maintains a disease-oriented approach, presenting both well-established and more controversial aspects. Particularly for implementation of the exercise programme, advances in different training modalities were added and new challenging populations were considered. A general table applicable to all cardiovascular conditions and specific tables for each clinical condition have been created for routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ambrosetti
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Italy
| | - Ana Abreu
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria/Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa (CAML), Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ugo Corrà
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Italy
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Dominique Hansen
- REVAL and BIOMED-Rehabilitation Research Centre, Hasselt University, Belgium
| | | | - Marie C Iliou
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention, Hôpital Corentin Celton, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris Centre-Universite de Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Heinz Voller
- Klinik am See, Rehabilitation Centre for Internal Medicine, Rüdersdorf and Centre of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Wilhelm
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Massimo F Piepoli
- Heart Failure Unit, G. da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza and University of Parma, Italy
| | - Birna Bjarnason-Wehrens
- Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute for Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Alain Cohen-Solal
- Cardiology Department, Hopital Lariboisiere, Paris University, France
| | | | - Paul Dendale
- Heart Centre, Jessa Hospital Campus Virga Jesse, Belgium
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Department of Cardiology (Virchow Klinikum), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Germany.,BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies, and Centre for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Gaita
- University of Medicine & Pharmacy 'Victor Babes' Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation Clinic, Romania
| | - Andreas B Gevaert
- Heart Centre, Jessa Hospital Campus Virga Jesse, Belgium.,Research group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hareld Kemps
- Department of Cardiology, Maxima Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolle Kraenkel
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Germany
| | - Jari Laukkanen
- Central Finland Health Care District Hospital District, Finland
| | - Miguel Mendes
- Cardiology Department, CHLO-Hospital de Santa Cruz, Portugal
| | - Josef Niebauer
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria
| | - Maria Simonenko
- Physiology Research and Blood Circulation Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test SRL, Heart Transplantation Outpatient Department, Federal State Budgetary Institution, 'V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre' of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Russian Federation
| | - Ann-Dorthe Olsen Zwisler
- REHPA-Danish Knowledge Centre for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
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