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Elizondo-Luevano JH, Quintanilla-Licea R, Monroy-García IN, Kačániová M, Castillo-Velázquez U, Bazaldúa-Rodríguez AF, Garza-Vega LM, Torres-Hernández ÁD, Chávez-Montes A. Assessment of Anticancer Properties of Argemone mexicana L. and Berberine: A Comparative Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1374. [PMID: 38794444 PMCID: PMC11125357 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Argemone mexicana L. has been used in traditional Mexican medicine. Among its bioactive constituents, berberine (BER) has garnered attention for its cytotoxic properties against different tumor cell lines. This study investigates the in vitro toxicity against HEP-G2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) and murine lymphoma (L5178Y-R) cells using the MTT assay of the methanol extract (AmexM), sub-partitions of A. mexicana, and BER. Selectivity indices (SIs) were determined by comparing their cytotoxic effects on VERO (monkey kidney epithelial) and PBMC (human peripheral blood mononuclear) non-tumoral cells. Additionally, the anti-hemolytic effect of these treatments was assessed using the AAPH method. The treatment with the most promising activity against tumor cells and anti-hemolytic efficacy underwent further evaluation for toxicity in Artemia salina and antioxidant activities using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. BER demonstrated an IC50 = 56.86 µg/mL in HEP-G2 cells and IC50 < 5.0 µg/mL in L5178Y-R cells, with SI values of 15.97 and >5.40 in VERO and PBMC cells, respectively. No significant hemolytic effects were observed, although AmexM and BER exhibited the highest anti-hemolytic activity. BER also demonstrated superior antioxidant efficacy, with lower toxicity in A. salina nauplii compared to the control. Additionally, BER significantly attenuated nitric oxide production. This study highlights the antiproliferative effects of A. mexicana, particularly BER, against HEP-G2 and L5178Y-R tumor cell lines, along with its selectivity towards normal cells. Furthermore, its anti-hemolytic and antioxidant potentials were demonstrated, suggesting that BER is a promising candidate for potent chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel H Elizondo-Luevano
- Department of Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea
- Department of Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Imelda N Monroy-García
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico de Los Mochis, Tecnológico Nacional de México (ITLM-TecNM), Juan de Dios Bátiz y 20 de Noviembre, Los Mochis 81259, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01 043 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Uziel Castillo-Velázquez
- Department of Immunology, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UANL, Ex Hacienda del Cañada, Cd. General Escobedo C.P. 66054, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Aldo F Bazaldúa-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Lourdes M Garza-Vega
- Department of Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ángel D Torres-Hernández
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, FCB, UANL, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Abelardo Chávez-Montes
- Department of Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Singh T, Aggarwal N, Thakur K, Chhokar A, Yadav J, Tripathi T, Jadli M, Bhat A, Kumar A, Narula RH, Gupta P, Khurana A, Bharti AC. Evaluation of Therapeutic Potential of Selected Plant-Derived Homeopathic Medicines for their Action against Cervical Cancer. HOMEOPATHY 2023; 112:262-274. [PMID: 36858077 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-derived homeopathic medicines (HMs) are cheap and commercially available but are mechanistically less explored entities than conventional medicines. PURPOSE The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of selected plant-derived HMs derived from Berberis aquifolium (BA), Berberis vulgaris (BV), Mentha piperita (MP), Curcuma longa (CL), Cinchona officinalis (CO), Thuja occidentalis (TO) and Hydrastis canadensis (HC) on cervical cancer (CaCx) cells in vitro. METHODS We screened the mother tincture (MT) and 30C potencies of the above-mentioned HMs for anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity on human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative (C33a) and HPV-positive CaCx cells (SiHa and HeLa) by MTT assay. Total phenolic content (TPC) and the free-radical scavenging activity of each HM was also determined using standard assays. Phytochemicals reportedly available in these HMs were examined for their potential inhibitory action on HPV16 E6 by in silico molecular docking. RESULTS All tested MTs induced a differential dose-dependent cytotoxic response that varied with cell line. For C33a cells, the order of response was TO > CL > BA > BV > HC > MP > CO, whereas for SiHa and HeLa cells the order was HC > MP > TO > CO > BA > BV > CL and CL > BA > CO, respectively. 30C potencies of all HMs showed an inconsistent response. Further, anti-CaCx responses displayed by MTs did not follow the order of an HM's phenolic content or free radical scavenging activity. Analysis revealed anti-oxidant content of BA, BV and HC had the lowest contribution to their anti-CaCx activity. Using in silico modeling of molecular docking between the HPV16 E6 protein crystallographic structures (6SJA and 4XR8) and main phytochemical components of BV, BA, HC, CL and TO, their potential to inhibit the HPV16 E6 protein carcinogenic interactions was identified. CONCLUSION The study has shown a comparative evaluation of the potential of several plant-derived MTs and HMs to affect CaCx cell line survival in vitro (through cytotoxicity and free radical scavenging) and their theoretical molecular targets in silico for the first time. Data demonstrated that MTs of BA and BV are likely to be the most potent HMs that strongly inhibited CaCx growth and have a strong anti-HPV phytochemical constitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejveer Singh
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Jadli
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Bhat
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D.P. Rastogi Central Research Institute of Homeopathy, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D.P. Rastogi Central Research Institute of Homeopathy, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Khurana
- Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Caballero-Gallardo K, Alvarez-Ortega N, Olivero-Verbel J. Cytotoxicity of Nine Medicinal Plants from San Basilio de Palenque (Colombia) on HepG2 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2686. [PMID: 37514300 PMCID: PMC10383961 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of plants with medicinal properties is deeply rooted in the traditional knowledge of diverse human populations. This study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity of nine plants commonly used by communities in San Basilio de Palenque, Bolivar (Colombia), for managing inflammation-related illnesses. Hydroethanolic extracts from various plant parts such as roots, stems, barks, or leaves were prepared through a process involving drying, powdering, and maceration in an ethanol-water (7:3) solution. The extracts were subsequently freeze-dried and dissolved in DMSO for the bioassays. Cytotoxicity against the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line was assessed using the MTT assay, with extract concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 µg/mL and treatment durations of 24 and 48 h. The total phenolic content of the nine extracts varied from 96.7 to 167.6 mg GAE/g DT. Among them, eight hydroethanolic extracts from Jatropha gossypiifolia L., Piper peltatum L., Malachra alceifolia, Verbesina turbacensis, Ricinus communis, Desmodium incanum, and Dolichandra unguis-cati showed low toxicity (IC50 > 500 µg/mL, 24 h) against HepG2 cells. On the other hand, the extracts of Aristolochia odoratissima L. (IC50 = 95.7 µg/mL) and Picramnia latifolia (IC50 = 128.9 µg/mL) demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity against the HepG2 cell line, displaying a modest selectivity index when compared to the HEKn cell line after 48 h of treatment. These findings suggest that medicinal plants from San Basilio de Palenque, particularly Picramnia latifolia and Aristolochia odoratissima, have potential activity against cancer cells, highlighting their potential for further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
- Functional Toxicology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Neda Alvarez-Ortega
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
- Functional Toxicology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
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Bashir DJ, Manzoor S, Sarfaraj M, Afzal SM, Bashir M, Nidhi, Rastogi S, Arora I, Samim M. Magnoflorine-Loaded Chitosan Collagen Nanocapsules Ameliorate Cognitive Deficit in Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-like Conditions in a Rat Model by Downregulating IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and Oxidative Stress and Upregulating Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and DCX Expressions. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:2227-2236. [PMID: 36687096 PMCID: PMC9850486 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Dementia or the loss of cognitive functioning is one of the major health issues in elderly people. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the common forms of dementia. Treatment chiefly involves the use of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors in AD. However, oxidative stress has also been found to be involved in the proliferation of the disease. Magnoflorine is one of the active compounds of Coptidis Rhizoma and has high anti-oxidative properties. Active principle-loaded nanoparticles have shown increased efficiency for neurodegenerative diseases due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier more easily. An in vitro study involving magnoflorine-loaded chitosan collagen nanocapsules (MF-CCNc) has shown them to possess inhibitory effects against oxidative stress and to some extent on AChE as well. In the current study, both nootropic and anti-amnesic effects of magnoflorine and MF-CCNc on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats were evaluated. The treatment was done intraperitoneally (i.p.) once daily for 17 consecutive days with MF-CCNc (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg), magnoflorine (1 mg), and donepezil (1 mg). To induce amnesia, hence, cognitive deficit rats were induced with scopolamine (1 mg/kg) daily for the last 9 days. Novel object recognition (NOR) and elevated plus maze (EPM) behavioral analysis were done to assess memory functioning. Hippocampal tissues were extracted to study the effect on biochemicals (AChE, MDA, SOD, and CAT), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and immunohistochemistry (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and DCX). MF-CCNc showed memory-enhancing effects in nootropic as well as chronic scopolamine-treated rats in NOR and an increase in inflexion ratio in EPM. MF-CCNc reduced the levels of AChE and MDA while increasing SOD and CAT levels in the hippocampus. MF-CCNc further lowered the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. These nanocapsules further increased the expression of BDNF and DCX that are necessary for adult neurogenesis. From the research findings, it can be concluded that MF-CCNc has high anti-amnesic properties and could be a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dar Junaid Bashir
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Saliha Manzoor
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Sarfaraj
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shekh Mohammad Afzal
- Department
of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life
Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Masarat Bashir
- COTS,
Mirgund, Shalimar, SKUAST Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 193121, India
| | - Nidhi
- Centre
for Translational and Clinical Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shweta Rastogi
- Hansraj
College, Delhi University, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Indu Arora
- Shaheed
Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, Vasundhara Enclave, New
Delhi, Delhi 110096, India
| | - Mohammed Samim
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Bashir DJ, Manzoor S, Khan IA, Bashir M, Agarwal NB, Rastogi S, Arora I, Samim M. Nanonization of Magnoflorine-Encapsulated Novel Chitosan-Collagen Nanocapsules for Neurodegenerative Diseases: In Vitro Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6472-6480. [PMID: 35252643 PMCID: PMC8892656 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is one of the most common diseases in the aged population, characterized by the loss in the function of neuronal cells and their ultimate death. One of the common features in the progression of this type of diseases is the oxidative stress. Drugs which are currently being used have been found to show lateral side effects, which is partly due to their inefficiency to cross blood-brain barrier. Nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds is a profound approach in this direction and has become a method of choice nowadays. This study involved the evaluation of the anti-oxidative properties of magnoflorine (MF), which is an aporphine quaternary alkaloid, and synthesis of MF-loaded chitosan-collagen nanocapsules (MF-CCNc) for its better efficacy as a potent anti-oxidant. Physiochemical characterization of the synthesized nanocapsules was done by using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. It revealed that the synthesized nanocapsules are of small size range, as small as 12 ± 2 nm, and are more or less of spherical shape. Sustained release was shown by MF in the in vitro drug release studies. Both MF and MF-CCNc were found to have good anti-oxidant potential with IC50 < 25 μg/mL. No major cytotoxicity was shown by the synthesized nanocapsules on SH-SY5Y cells. In silico anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) studies were also done, and they revealed that MF can be a potent inhibitor of AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dar Junaid Bashir
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Saliha Manzoor
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Imran A. Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Masarat Bashir
- COTS,
Mirgund, SKUAST Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 193121, India
| | - Nidhi Bharal Agarwal
- Centre
for Translational and Clinical Research, Jamia Hamdrad, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shweta Rastogi
- Department
of Chemistry, Hansraj College, Delhi University, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Indu Arora
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences
for Women, Delhi University, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Mohammed Samim
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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SABER M, HARHAR H, EL HATTABİ L, ZENGİN G, BOUYAHYA A, TABYAOUİ M. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of essential oils and extracts from cones of Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2021. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.989436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Huang J, She B, Shi Q, Xiang X, Su C, Zhang L, Huang R, Song C. An integrated strategy for the establishment of a protoberberine alkaloid profile: Exploration of the differences in composition between Tinosporae radix and Fibraurea caulis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:1131-1140. [PMID: 33876504 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate species and content identification of major active components in herbals are the guarantee of the safety and effectiveness for medical and commodity purposes. OBJECTIVES In this study, an integrated strategy used to establish the protoberberine alkaloid profile was applied to explore the differences in composition between the pieces of Tinosporae radix and Fibraurea caulis, both of which had morphological similarities. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, an in-house library including possible protoberberine alkaloids based on different substituents was predicted by systematic literature survey. Meanwhile, diagnostic fragments of protoberberine alkaloids were investigated using the corresponding standards. Second, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was used to obtain multidimensional mass spectral data. Then, the identifications were confirmed by targeted filter of the acquired data based on the library. RESULTS As a result, 10 protoberberine alkaloid molecules including 46 isomers were identified or characterised. The qualitative distribution and relative content of protoberberine alkaloids revealed the fundamental difference between Tinosporae radix and Fibraurea caulis. 25 alkaloids were present in both herbals, while five compounds were detected only in Tinosporae radix. Furthermore, the contents of four alkaloids in Tinosporae radix were significantly higher than those in its adulterant, Fibraurea caulis. CONCLUSION The five unique ingredients in Tinosporae radix can be used as a better indicator for distinguishing the pieces of Tinosporae radix and Fibraurea caulis. The protoberberine alkaloid profile established in this study can be applied to quality evaluation of the two herbals or other herbals containing major protoberberine alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Quansheng Wang
- Hubei Huquan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo She
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingxin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingliang Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Su
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rongzeng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengwu Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Singh B, Nathawat S, Sharma RA. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical attributes of Indian Tinospora species: A comprehensive review. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Li X, Liang S, Tan CH, Cao S, Xu X, Er Saw P, Tao W. Nanocarriers in the Enhancement of Therapeutic Efficacy of Natural Drugs. BIO INTEGRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2020-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Since time immemorial, plant derived natural products have been used for the treatment of various human diseases before the intervention of modern medicine. The basis of modern medicine is still being inspired from traditional medicine and therapies. However, despite
their tremendous therapeutic potential, these natural drugs often have poor bioavailability, metabolic instability, and aqueous insolubility. These factors greatly impede a natural drug’s commercialization potential as a mainstream medicine. Therefore, the development of nanocarrier
drug delivery systems is indispensable in overcoming the various constraints of the bottlenecks which occur with natural drugs. Of particular interest in this review are four plant materials endogenous to China with the common names of barrenwort or horny goat weed (Epimedium), Shu
Di Huang (Rehmannia glutinosa, RG), ginseng (Panax ginseng), and Dong Quai or female ginseng (Angelica sinensis, AS), each having been scientifically investigated for a wide range of therapeutic uses as has been originally discovered from the long history of traditional
usage and anecdotal information by local population groups in Asia. The integration of natural drugs from the East and nanocarrier drug delivery systems developed from the West is paving the way towards further accurate and efficient medicine therapy. We further discuss the potential benefits
of these plants and the enhancement of their therapeutic efficacy by nanotechnology intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shunung Liang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510004, China
| | - Chee Hwee Tan
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510004, China
| | - Shuwen Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Malhotra B, Kulkarni GT, Dhiman N, Joshi D, Chander S, Kharkwal A, Sharma AK, Kharkwal H. Recent advances on Berberis aristata emphasizing berberine alkaloid including phytochemistry, pharmacology and drug delivery system. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Gao X, Zhang C, Wang Y, Zhang P, Zhang J, Hong T. Berberine and Cisplatin Exhibit Synergistic Anticancer Effects on Osteosarcoma MG-63 Cells by Inhibiting the MAPK Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061666. [PMID: 33802664 PMCID: PMC8002572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) has been reported to have potent anticancer activity and can increase the anticancer effects of chemotherapy drugs. The present study aims to investigate whether BBR and cisplatin (DDP) exert synergistic effects on the osteosarcoma (OS) MG-63 cell line. In the present study, MG-63 cells were treated with BBR and DDP alone or in combination. The effects of these therapeutics on cell viability, colony formation, migration, invasion, nuclear morphology, apoptosis, and the cell cycle, as well as their role in regulating the expression of proteins related to apoptosis, the cell cycle, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, were determined. The results demonstrated that BBR or DDP significantly inhibited the proliferation of MG-63 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The combination treatment of BBR and DDP exerted a prominent inhibitory effect on proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, the results showed that the combination treatment of BBR and DDP enhanced the inhibition of cell migration and invasion and reversed the changes in nuclear morphology. The results showed that the combination treatment of BBR and DDP induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Mechanistically, the combination treatment of BBR and DDP inhibited the expression of MMP-2/9, Bcl-2, CyclinD1, and CDK4, enhanced the expression of Bax and regulated the activity of the MAPK pathway. Collectively, our data suggest that the combination therapy of BBR and DDP markedly enhanced OS cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tie Hong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8561-9705
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Hamid HA, Mutazah R, Yahya IH, Zeyohannes SS. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Screening of Isolated Alkaloids from <i>Tinospora crispa</i>. MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM 2021; 1025:163-168. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1025.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant capacity by DPPH radical scavenging and antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion and broth microdilution method of nine isolated alkaloids from T. crispa were evaluated. All isolated alkaloids had been divided into three groups which were aporphine alkaloids, N-formylannonaine (1), N-formylnornuciferine (2), magnoflorine (9), oxoaporphine alkaloids, lysicamine (3) and liriodenine (4); and protoberberine alkaloids, columbamine(6), dihydrodiscretamine (7) and 4,13-dihydroxy-2,8,9-trimethoxydibenzo [a,g]quinolizinium (8). Protoberberine alkaloids showed (IC50 > 500-800 μg/mL) radical scavenging activity while oxaporphine alkaloids inhibited the growth of the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (+) and Enterococcus faecalis (+).The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of different compounds support documented traditional use of T. crispa in wound healing and treatment of rheumatic, diarrhoea, ulcers, itches and wounds. Results of the present biological activity investigation further points to the potential of this plant species as a good source of natural antioxidant and preservative in food industry.
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Liu L, Cui ZX, Zhang YB, Xu W, Yang XW, Zhong LJ, Zhang P, Gong Y. Identification and quantification analysis of the chemical constituents from Mahonia fortune using Q‑Exactive HF Mass Spectrometer and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 196:113903. [PMID: 33493743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a comprehensive and innovative method was established for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the main components in Mahonia fortune (MF). On the one hand, comprehensive insight of the constituents in MF extracts was achieved with a Q‑Exactive HF Mass Spectrometer using data-independent acquisition method. The identification of 17 compounds was based on comparison with authentic reference standards and the deduction of 119 additional compounds both in positive and negative modes was using the MS-dial strategy and comparison with literature data. The proportion of alkaloids and phenols were the most in MF. On the other hand, an ultra-performance liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the quantification of 25 components in MF extract were developed and validated. The method established provided satisfactory precision and accuracy; acceptable recovery and stability; a good linearity and a reasonable limit of detection. The MF samples from 11 different sources were detected, and relative principal component analysis were applied to discriminate these samples. The variations of Columbamine, Jatrorrhizine, Palmatine and Berberine were suggested as important indicators of MF quality. This study supplies a novel and comprehensive method for the quality evaluation of MF. This research presents a MS based analytical strategy which shows an application potential in the analysis of the chemical constituents in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ze-Xu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - You-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Li-Jun Zhong
- Medical and Health Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou, 412003, China
| | - Yun Gong
- Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou, 412003, China
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Reducing Sugar, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Potential of Nepalese Plants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7296859. [PMID: 33274222 PMCID: PMC7683130 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7296859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the reducing sugar, total phenolic content, and in vitro antioxidant activity of 70% (v/v) ethanolic extract of seven medicinal plants grown in Nepal. The reducing sugar content and total phenolic content were determined by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) and the Folin–Ciocalteu method, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The reducing sugar content of the studied plant samples ranged from 6.89 ± 2.44 to 674.13 ± 2.43 mg GE/g dry extract weight and the total phenolic content ranged from 14.87 ± 0.41 to 281.71 ± 1.47 mg GAE/g dry extract weight. The reducing sugar and total phenolic content were found highest in Ficus glaberrima. Antioxidant activity was found highest in Melastoma malabathricum (IC50value = 6.27 μg/mL), followed by F. glaberrima (IC50value = 11.7 μg/mL). A positive and significant correlation was found between (i) total phenolic content and reducing sugar content and (ii) total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The present study is the first study for the analysis of reducing sugar content of selected plants and for the scientific exploration of F. glaberrima. The present result suggests that the various parts of these studied plants could be assumed as a rich source of biologically active compounds and considered beneficial for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Damjanović A, Kolundžija B, Matić IZ, Krivokuća A, Zdunić G, Šavikin K, Janković R, Stanković JA, Stanojković TP. Mahonia aquifolium Extracts Promote Doxorubicin Effects against Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells In Vitro. Molecules 2020; 25:E5233. [PMID: 33182665 PMCID: PMC7697947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mahonia aquifolium and its secondary metabolites have been shown to have anticancer potential. We performed MTT, scratch, and colony formation assays; analyzed cell cycle phase distribution and doxorubicin uptake and retention with flow cytometry; and detected alterations in the expression of genes involved in the formation of cell-cell interactions and migration using quantitative real-time PCR following treatment of lung adenocarcinoma cells with doxorubicin, M. aquifolium extracts, or their combination. MTT assay results suggested strong synergistic effects of the combined treatments, and their application led to an increase in cell numbers in the subG1 phase of the cell cycle. Both extracts were shown to prolong doxorubicin retention time in cancer cells, while the application of doxorubicin/extract combination led to a decrease in MMP9 expression. Furthermore, cells treated with doxorubicin/extract combinations were shown to have lower migratory and colony formation potentials than untreated cells or cells treated with doxorubicin alone. The obtained results suggest that nontoxic M. aquifolium extracts can enhance the activity of doxorubicin, thus potentially allowing the application of lower doxorubicin doses in vivo, which may decrease its toxic effects in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Damjanović
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (B.K.); (I.Z.M.); (A.K.); (R.J.); (T.P.S.)
| | - Branka Kolundžija
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (B.K.); (I.Z.M.); (A.K.); (R.J.); (T.P.S.)
| | - Ivana Z. Matić
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (B.K.); (I.Z.M.); (A.K.); (R.J.); (T.P.S.)
| | - Ana Krivokuća
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (B.K.); (I.Z.M.); (A.K.); (R.J.); (T.P.S.)
| | - Gordana Zdunić
- Department for Pharmaceutical Investigations and Development, Institute for Medicinal Plant Research, Dr. Josif Pančić, 11 070 Belgrade, Serbia; (G.Z.); (K.Š.)
| | - Katarina Šavikin
- Department for Pharmaceutical Investigations and Development, Institute for Medicinal Plant Research, Dr. Josif Pančić, 11 070 Belgrade, Serbia; (G.Z.); (K.Š.)
| | - Radmila Janković
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (B.K.); (I.Z.M.); (A.K.); (R.J.); (T.P.S.)
| | - Jelena Antić Stanković
- Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11 221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana P. Stanojković
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (B.K.); (I.Z.M.); (A.K.); (R.J.); (T.P.S.)
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Bozcaarmutlu A, Sapmaz C, Bozdoğan Ö, Kükner A, Kılınç L, Kaya ST, Özarslan OT, Ekşioğlu D. The effect of co-administration of berberine, resveratrol, and glibenclamide on xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in diabetic rat liver. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:990-998. [PMID: 32762264 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1802475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It is possible to use plant-derived antioxidant molecules in the form of dietary supplements. However, dietary supplement-drug interaction pattern has not been well defined for most of these products. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of berberine, resveratrol, and glibenclamide on xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin was administered to create experimental diabetes. Resveratrol (5 mg/kg) (R), glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) (G), and berberine (10 mg/kg) (B) were administered individually or in combinations in DMSO by intraperitoneal administration route to the diabetic rats. DMSO was also given to non-diabetic control (C) and diabetic control (D) groups. Livers of rats were taken under anesthesia at the end of the treatment period (12 days). Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase (PROD), aniline 4-hydroxylase (A4H), erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were measured in microsomes and cytosols. In addition, histomorphological studies were also performed in the liver tissues. EROD activity of D+R was significantly higher than C and D+R+B. PROD activity of D+R was significantly higher than C, D, D+R+G, D+R+B, and D+R+B+ G. PROD activity of D+B was significantly higher than C and D+R+B. ERND activity of D+R was significantly higher than D+R+G and D+R+B. GST activity of D+R was significantly higher than D+R+G. CAT activity of D+B was significantly lower than C. It is clear that co-administration of resveratrol, berberine, and glibenclamide modifies some of the important xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities. Resveratrol and berberine have the potential to cause dietary supplement-drug interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Bozcaarmutlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Canan Sapmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Ömer Bozdoğan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Aysel Kükner
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus
| | - Leyla Kılınç
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Salih Tunç Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Oğulcan Talat Özarslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Didem Ekşioğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Wallace ED, Todd DA, Harnly JM, Cech NB, Kellogg JJ. Identification of adulteration in botanical samples with untargeted metabolomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4273-4286. [PMID: 32347364 PMCID: PMC7321857 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adulteration remains an issue in the dietary supplement industry, including botanical supplements. While it is common to employ a targeted analysis to detect known adulterants, this is difficult when little is known about the sample set. With this study, untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (LC-UV) or high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to detect adulteration in botanical dietary supplements. A training set was prepared by combining Hydrastis canadensis L. with a known adulterant, Coptis chinensis Franch., in ratios ranging from 5 to 95% adulteration. The metabolomics datasets were analyzed using both unsupervised (principal component analysis and composite score) and supervised (SIMCA) techniques. Palmatine, a known H. canadensis metabolite, was quantified as a targeted analysis comparison. While the targeted analysis was the most sensitive method tested in detecting adulteration, statistical analyses of the untargeted metabolomics datasets detected adulteration of the goldenseal samples, with SIMCA providing the greatest discriminating potential. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Diane Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Daniel A Todd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - James M Harnly
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Nadja B Cech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Joshua J Kellogg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA.
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Okon E, Kukula-Koch W, Jarzab A, Halasa M, Stepulak A, Wawruszak A. Advances in Chemistry and Bioactivity of Magnoflorine and Magnoflorine-Containing Extracts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041330. [PMID: 32079131 PMCID: PMC7072879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The review collects together some recent information on the identity and pharmacological properties of magnoflorine, a quaternary aporphine alkaloid, that is widely distributed within the representatives of several botanical families like Berberidaceae, Magnoliaceae, Papaveraceae, or Menispermaceae. Several findings published in the scientific publications mention its application in the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases including inflammatory ones, allergies, hypertension, osteoporosis, bacterial, viral and fungal infections, and some civilization diseases like cancer, obesity, diabetes, dementia, or depression. The pharmacokinetics and perspectives on its introduction to therapeutic strategies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Okon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.K.-K.); (A.W.); Tel.: +48-81448-6350 (W.K.-K.); +48-81448-7087 (A.W.)
| | - Agata Jarzab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Halasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (W.K.-K.); (A.W.); Tel.: +48-81448-6350 (W.K.-K.); +48-81448-7087 (A.W.)
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Xu T, Kuang T, Du H, Li Q, Feng T, Zhang Y, Fan G. Magnoflorine: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jatrorrhizine Balances the Gut Microbiota and Reverses Learning and Memory Deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19575. [PMID: 31862965 PMCID: PMC6925119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental components and has become a major public health issue throughout the world. Oxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in the evolution of those major pathological symptoms. Jatrorrhizine (JAT), a main component of a traditional Chinese herbal, coptidis rhizome, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects and we previously showed that it is also able to clear oxygen free radicals and reduce inflammatory responses. In this study, we demonstrated that JAT administration could alleviate the learning and memory deficits in AD. Furthermore, we also found that JAT treatment reduced the levels of Aβ plaques in the cortex and hippocampus of APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice. Other studies suggest that there are gut microbiome alterations in AD. In order to explore the underlying mechanisms between gut microbiota and AD, DNA sequencing for 16s rDNA V3-V4 was performed in fecal samples from APP/PS1 transgenic mice and C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice. Our results indicated that APP/PS1 mice showed less Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) abundance in gut microbiota than WT mice and with different composition. Furthermore, JAT treatment enriched OTUs abundance and alpha diversity in APP/PS1 mice compared to WT mice. High dose of JAT treatment altered the abundance of some specific gut microbiota such as the most predominant phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, APP/PS1 mice display gut dysbiosis, and JAT treatment not only improved the memory deficits, but also regulated the abundance of the microbiota. This may provide a therapeutic way to balance the gut dysbiosis in AD patients.
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Kellogg JJ, Kvalheim OM, Cech NB. Composite score analysis for unsupervised comparison and network visualization of metabolomics data. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1095:38-47. [PMID: 31864629 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics-based approaches are becoming increasingly popular to interrogate the chemical basis for phenotypic differences in biological systems. Successful metabolomics studies employ multivariate data analysis to compare large and highly complex datasets. A primary tool for unsupervised statistical analyses, principal component analysis (PCA), relies on the selection of a subsection of a maximum of three components from a larger model to visually represent similarity. The use of only three principal components limits the comprehensiveness of the model and can mask discrimination between samples. We have developed a new statistical metric, the composite score (CS), as a univariate statistic that incorporates multiple principal components to calculate a correlation matrix that enables quantitative comparisons of sample similarity between samples within one dataset based upon measured metabolome profiles. Composite score values were tabulated using profiles of complex extracts of dietary supplements from the plant Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal) as a case study. Several outliers were unambiguously identified, and a PCA composite score network was developed to provide a graphical representation of the composite score matrix. Comparison with visualization using PCA score plots or dendrograms from hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) demonstrates the utility of the composite score to as a tool for metabolomics studies that seek to quantify similarity among samples. An R-script for the calculation of composite score has been made available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Kellogg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, United States; Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
| | - Olav M Kvalheim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Nadja B Cech
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, United States
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Wang YM, Kong LC, Liu L, Odah KA, Liu SM, Jiang XY, Ma HX. Antibacterial mode of fibrauretine and synergistic effect with kanamycin against multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:1023-1031. [PMID: 31203568 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the antibacterial activity and mode of action of fibrauretine on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus, and synergistic effect with kanamycin against multi-drug resistant E. coli. RESULTS The fibrauretine exhibited inhibitory effect on the growth of the tested bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of 2.5-5 and 5-10 mg/ml, respectively. Morphological changes of cell microstructure were observed after adding fibrauretine at MIC. The mode of action was further confirmed by measuring release of 260-nm absorbing materials and extracellular potassium ions. Checkerboard dilution test suggested that fibrauretine exhibited synergistic activity when combined with kanamycin (FICI ranging from 0.5625 to 0.625). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that fibrauretine exerted synergistic effect with kanamycin and its antibacterial mode of action mainly attributed to disruption of cell membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ling-Cong Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin Street No. 5, Jilin, 132013, Jilin province, China
| | - Kokou Ayefounin Odah
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shu-Ming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Hong-Xia Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Li Y, Xie J, Li Y, Yang Y, Yang L. Literature data based systems pharmacology uncovers the essence of "body fire" in traditional Chinese medicine: A case by Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:266-285. [PMID: 30922854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Like other concepts in traditional Chinese medical theory, "body fire", a concept that has already been well-known and widely used in describing the symptoms and the treatment of corresponding diseases, is, however, still under suspicions in the western medicine due to its vague essence and symptoms. Presently, Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT), a typical popular TCM formula in cleansing the "body fire", is studied as a probe by a systems pharmacology method we produced, with purpose to explore the mechanisms of the potion, as well as to interpret the essence of "body fire" disease. METHODS The systematic process includes a pharmacokinetics prescreening, pharmacodynamics targets and pathways identification, and candidate-target-pathway network construction. RESULTS Through this method, 145 chemicals and 91 proteins are identified as active ingredients and "body fire"-related targets. And we find that the mechanism of HLJDT prescription for cleansing "body fire" lies in three, i.e., anti-OS/NS, anti-inflammation and anti-infection function modules, which are mainly executed through four, i.e., PI3K-AKT, MAPK, VEGF as well as Calcium signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Accordingly, the essence of "body fire" is a gradual process which is an integration of OS/NS, inflammation and infection. This work, we hope, may not only offer a systemic methodology for exploring and elucidating TCM concepts from a multi-scale perspective, but also provide an efficient way for herbal drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China.
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China.
| | - Yaying Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China.
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Ma Y, Li X, Zhang W, Ying X, Stien D. A trace alkaloid, oleraisoindole A from Portulaca oleracea L. and its anticholinesterase effect. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:350-353. [PMID: 31180242 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1627356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new trace alkaloid possessing the lignan structure, named oleraisoindole A, was obtained from the extract of the Portulaca oleracea L.. The structure of oleraisoindole A was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and high resolution electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopic methods. The compound presented an anticholinesterase effect with the IC50 value of 60.4 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xuetao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xixiang Ying
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Didier Stien
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Paris, France
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25
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Xu P, Xu C, Li X, Li D, Li Y, Jiang J, Yang P, Duan G. Rapid Identification of Berberine Metabolites in Rat Plasma by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101994. [PMID: 31137649 PMCID: PMC6572607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a reliable and rapid method based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology and MetabolitePilotMT software was developed for berberine metabolites identification in rat plasma. The chemical structures of the metabolites and their product ions were tentatively characterized or identified according to the molecular weights detected and MS/MS data. In all, nine metabolites, including M1 (demethyleneberberine, C19H18NO4, m/z 324), M2 (glucuronic acid-conjugated demethyleneberberine, C25H26NO10, m/z 500), M3 (diglucuronide-conjugated demethyleneberberine, C31H34NO16, m/z 676), M4 (glucuronic acid-conjugated jatrorrhizine or glucuronic acid-conjugated columbamine, C26H28NO10, m/z 514), M5 (berberrubine or thalifendine, C19H16NO4, m/z 322), M6 (glucuronic acid-conjugated berberrubine or glucuronic acid-conjugated thalifendine, C25H24NO10, m/z 498), M7 (sulfite-conjugated berberrubine or sulfite-conjugated thalifendine, C19H16NO7S, m/z 402), M8 (dihydroxy berberrubine or dihydroxy thalifendine, C19H16NO6, m/z 354) and M9 (dihydroxy berberine, C20H18NO6, m/z 368) were tentatively characterized or identified. Several new deposition patterns and three new metabolites (M7, M8 and M9) are reported in this paper for the first time. This work not only provides significant insights into the understanding of the metabolic pathways of berberine, but also contributes in identifying potential active drug candidates from the metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jiebing Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ping Yang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Gengli Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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26
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Macáková K, Afonso R, Saso L, Mladěnka P. The influence of alkaloids on oxidative stress and related signaling pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:429-444. [PMID: 30703480 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids have always attracted scientific interest due to either their positive or negative effects on human beings. This review aims to summarize their antioxidant effects by both classical in vitro scavenging assay and at the cellular level. Since most in vitro studies used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, the results from those studies are summed up in the first part of the article. In the second part, available data on the effect of alkaloids on NADPH-oxidase, the key enzyme for reactive oxygen species production, at the cellular level, are summarized. More than 130 alkaloids were tested by DPPH assay. However, due to methodological differences, a direct comparison is hardly possible. It can be at least concluded that some of them were either similar to or even more active than standard antioxidants and the number of aromatic hydroxyl groups seems to be the major determinant for the activity. The data on inhibition of NADPH-oxidase activity by alkaloids demonstrated that there is little relationship to the DPPH assay. The mechanism seems to be based on inhibition of synthesis, activation or translocation of NADPH-oxidase subunits. In some alkaloids, activation of the nuclear factor Nrf2 pathway was documented to be the grounds for inhibition of NADPH-oxidase. Interestingly, many alkaloids can behave both as anti-oxidants and pro-oxidants depending on conditions and pro-oxidation might be the reason for activation of Nrf2. Available data on other "antioxidant" transcription factors FOXOs and PPARs are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Rita Afonso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Ben Hlel T, Borges T, Rueda A, Smaali I, Marzouki MN, Seiquer I. Polyphenols bioaccessibility and bioavailability assessment in ipecac infusion using a combined assay of simulated
in vitro
digestion and Caco‐2 cell model. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takoua Ben Hlel
- LIP‐MB Laboratory (LR11ES24) National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage Centre urbain nord de Tunis, B.P. 676 Tunis Cedex 1080 Tunisia
- Department of Biology Faculty of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar Rue de Tolède 2092 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Thays Borges
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC) Camino del Jueves s/n 18100 Armilla Granada Spain
| | - Ascensión Rueda
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix Verdú Avenida del Conocimiento s/n. Parque Tecnológico de la Salud 18071 Armilla Granada Spain
| | - Issam Smaali
- LIP‐MB Laboratory (LR11ES24) National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage Centre urbain nord de Tunis, B.P. 676 Tunis Cedex 1080 Tunisia
| | - M. Nejib Marzouki
- LIP‐MB Laboratory (LR11ES24) National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage Centre urbain nord de Tunis, B.P. 676 Tunis Cedex 1080 Tunisia
| | - Isabel Seiquer
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC) Camino del Jueves s/n 18100 Armilla Granada Spain
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28
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Fan J, Zhang K, Jin Y, Li B, Gao S, Zhu J, Cui R. Pharmacological effects of berberine on mood disorders. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:21-28. [PMID: 30450823 PMCID: PMC6307759 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine, a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, is used in herbal medicine and has recently been shown to have efficacy in the treatment of mood disorders. Furthermore, berberine modulates neurotransmitters and their receptor systems within the central nervous system. However, the detailed mechanisms of its action remain unclear. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects of berberine on mood disorders. Therefore, it may be helpful for potential application in the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjini Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuohui Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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29
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Cai Z, Feng Y, Li C, Yang K, Sun T, Xu L, Chen Y, Yan CH, Lu WW, Chiu KY. Magnoflorine with hyaluronic acid gel promotes subchondral bone regeneration and attenuates cartilage degeneration in early osteoarthritis. Bone 2018; 116:266-278. [PMID: 30149068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate efficacy of Chinese medicine magnoflorine combined with hyaluronic acid (HA)-gel in promoting subchondral bone (SCB) regeneration and attenuating cartilage degeneration in early osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS MC3T3-E1 under magnoflorine treatment was assayed by XTT to determine cell viability. Cell proliferation was reflected through cell cycle. Osteoblast mineralization was stained by Alizarin Red. Standardized bone canal of 1 mm in diameter and 4 mm in depth was made on tibial medial plateau of 4-month-old Dunkin-Hartley spontaneous knee OA guinea pigs. Guinea pigs (n = 5/group) were treated once intra-bone canal injection of 2 μl HA-gel, 2 μl HA-gel+50 ng magnoflorine and null (Defect) respectively, except sham group. The left hind limbs were harvested for μCT scan and histopathological staining 2-month post-surgery. RESULTS 25 μg/ml magnoflorine treatment significantly increased cell viability, S-phase and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. In vivo, HA-gel + magnoflorine treatment significantly altered SCB microstructure; changes included increase in bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), connectivity density (Conn.Dn), and decrease in degree of anisotropy (DA), which implied trabecular bone regeneration. Treatment also resulted in a decrease in modified Mankin's scores, and an increase in volume ratio of hyaline cartilage (HC)/calcified cartilage (CC) and fractal dimension (FD, roughness indicator of osteochondral conjunction), compared to Defect and HA groups. Furthermore, FD was positively associated with volume ratio of HC/CC and negatively associated with modified Mankin's scores. Finally, histological results showed that due to a faster regeneration of SCB with the HA-gel + magnoflorine treatment, the reduction of cartilage matrix and the decreased expression of chondrogenic signals were attenuated. CONCLUSION Our study elucidated the potential benefits of HA-gel + magnoflorine in promoting SCB regeneration and revealed a protective effect of stimulating recovery of the SCB integrity on attenuating cartilage degradation to prevent OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chentian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kedi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tianhao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chun-Hoi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William Weijia Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kwong-Yuen Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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30
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Guo S, Jiang K, Wu H, Yang C, Yang Y, Yang J, Zhao G, Deng G. Magnoflorine Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Activation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:982. [PMID: 30214410 PMCID: PMC6125611 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) which is featured by a strong pulmonary inflammation, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Magnoflorine, a quaternary alkaloid isolated from Chinese herb Magnolia or Aristolochia, has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of magnoflorine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice has not been reported. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of magnoflorine on LPS-induced ALI and elucidate its possible molecular mechanisms in RAW264.7 cells. The results of histopathological changes as well as the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity indicated that magnoflorine significantly alleviated the lung injury induced by LPS. In addition, qPCR results showed that magnoflorine dose-dependently decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Immunofluorescence assay also confirmed that the level of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) induced by LPS was inhibited by magnoflorine treatment. Further experiments were performed using Western blotting to detect the expression of related proteins in the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The results showed that magnoflorine suppressed the levels of phosphorylated p65, IκBα, p38, ERK, and JNK. In conclusion, all data indicate that magnoflorine could protect against LPS-induced inflammation in ALI at least partially by inhibiting TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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31
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Detection of adulteration in Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal) dietary supplements via untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:439-447. [PMID: 30031041 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Current estimates report that approximately 25% of U.S. adults use dietary supplements for medicinal purposes. Yet, regulation and transparency within the dietary supplement industry remains a challenge, and economic incentives encourage adulteration or augmentation of botanical dietary supplement products. Undisclosed changes to the dietary supplement composition could impact safety and efficacy; thus, there is a continued need to monitor possible botanical adulteration or mis-identification. Goldenseal, Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae), is a well-known botanical used to combat bacterial infections and digestive problems and is widely available as a dietary supplement. The goal of this study was to evaluate potential adulteration in commercial botanical products using untargeted metabolomics, with H. canadensis supplements serving as a test case. An untargeted ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics analysis was performed on 35 H. canadensis commercial products. Visual inspection of the chemometric data via principal component analysis (PCA) revealed several products that were distinct from the main groupings of samples, and subsequent evaluation of contributing metabolites led to their confirmation of the outliers as originating from a non-goldenseal species or a mixture of plant materials. The obtained results demonstrate the potential for untargeted metabolomics to discriminate between multiple unknown products and predict possible adulteration.
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Zhang H, Wang H, Wei J, Chen X, Sun M, Ouyang H, Hao J, Chang Y, Dou Z, He J. Comparison of the Active Compositions between Raw and Processed Epimedium from Different Species. Molecules 2018; 23:E1656. [PMID: 29986486 PMCID: PMC6099698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epimedium herb is one of the most vital traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which is used for “nourishing the kidney and reinforcing the Yang”. In the guidance of TCM theory, Epimedium herb is usually processed with lamb oil to increase its efficacy. The contents of active ingredients in different Epimedium are significantly varied, which may derive from their different species, regions and processing methods. In this research, 13 batches of raw Epimedium collected from 6 provinces were identified. After optimization of the processing method of Epimedium, a liquid chromatography⁻mass spectrometry (LC⁻MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of 16 compounds was established to evaluate the quality of raw and processed. Then the multivariate statistical technique was applied to compare different batches of Epimedium based on the LC⁻MS/MS data. As a conclusion, the herbs collected from 6 areas were ascribed to 5 species by microscopic and appearance features. Meanwhile, all of the raw and processed samples were classified by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) based on the 16 analyzed compounds. The comparison results indicate that processing and species both have important influences on Epimedium compositions contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Juan Wei
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Mengjie Sun
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Huizi Ouyang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Jia Hao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yanxu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Zhiying Dou
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Jun He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Zhang MS, Deng Y, Fu SB, Guo DL, Xiao SJ. Mahimbrine A, a Novel Isoquinoline Alkaloid Bearing a Benzotropolone Moiety from Mahonia imbricata. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071539. [PMID: 29949909 PMCID: PMC6100064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel isoquinoline alkaloid, mahimbrine A, possessing a rare benzotropolone framing scaffold, was isolated from the endemic plant of Mahonia imbricata. Its structure was established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. A plausible biosynthetic route of mahimbrine A was proposed. Mahimbrine A showed no antimicrobial activity at the concentration of 1 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Sheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.
| | - Yan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.
| | - Shao-Bin Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.
| | - Da-Le Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Shi-Ji Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.
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34
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Liu YC, Hsiao YY, Ku KL, Liao HF, Chao WC. Mahonia oiwakensis Extract and Its Bioactive Compounds Exert Anti-Inflammatory Activities and VEGF Production Through M2-Macrophagic Polarization and STAT6 Activation. J Med Food 2018; 21:654-664. [PMID: 29652553 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an indispensable role in the host immune defense. Macrophages can undergo polarization into classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated macrophages. M1 macrophages activate immune and inflammatory response, while M2 macrophages are involved in tissue remodeling. Mahonia oiwakensis (Mo) is a herbal medicine in Asia used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties; however, the mechanism is unclear. This study analyzed the effect of Mo extracts and its effects on the polarization of both macrophage RAW264.7 cells and mouse splenic macrophages. Water (Mo-W) and EtOH extracts (Mo-E) did not change the viability of RAW264.7 cells, whereas Mo-E inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production. The major compounds, berberine and palmatine, decreased the viability and NO levels of cells. The secretion of inflammatory cytokines CXCL16, IL-6, L-selectin, MCP1, RANTES, and sTNF-R1 was downregulated, whereas the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was upregulated by Mo-E, berberine, and palmatine treatments. Mo-E, berberine, and palmatine stimulated the expression of macrophage CD68 and M2-type CD204 markers, decreased M1-mediated p-STAT1 and NF-κB, and increased M2-mediated p-STAT6 expression. Similar effects on M2 polarization were also observed in splenic macrophages from mice. In conclusion, Mo-E, berberine, and palmatine modulated macrophages through the suppression of M1-mediated inflammation and the recruitment of M2-mediated VEGF secretion and STAT6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Chen Liu
- 1 Department of Biological Resources, National Chiayi University , Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Hsiao
- 2 Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University , Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lung Ku
- 3 Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University , Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Liao
- 2 Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University , Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chao
- 4 Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University , Chiayi, Taiwan
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Song L, Zhang HJ, Deng AJ, Li J, Li X, Li ZH, Zhang ZH, Wu LQ, Wang SQ, Qin HL. Syntheses and structure-activity relationships on antibacterial and anti-ulcerative colitis properties of quaternary 13-substituted palmatines and 8-oxo-13-substituted dihydropalmatines. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2586-2598. [PMID: 29680749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, quaternary palmatine is used as a lead compound to design and synthesize derivatives to evaluate bioactivities, with twenty-seven compounds of four series being obtained. Antibacterial activity was examined by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, three series of derivatives being found to exhibit activity in vitro with significant structure-activity relationship (SAR). Elongating the carbon chain led to the antibacterial activity increased, with quaternary 13-hexanoylpalmatine chloride, quaternary 13-(ω-ethoxycarbonyl)heptylpalmatine chloride, and 8-oxo-13-(N-n-nonyl)aminomethyldihydropalmatine, all of which possess the longest aliphatic carbon chain in the corresponding series of derivatives, showing the MIC values of 62.5, 7.81, and 15.63 µg/ml against S. aureus, respectively. The property of anti-ulcerative colitis (anti-UC) was assessed at the levels of both in vitro and in vivo, with X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) being targeted in vitro. Seven compounds were found not only to be hypocytotoxic toward intestinal epithelial cells, but also to exhibit activity of activating the transcription of XBP1 in vitro. Five compounds were found to possess significant dose-effect relationship with EC50 values at a level of 10-7 µM in vitro. 8-Oxo-13-formyldihydropalmatine as an intermediate was found to display significant curative effect on UC in vivo based on the biomarkers of body weight change, colon length change, and calculated values of disease activity index and colon macroscopic damage index of the experimental animals, as well as the examination into the pathological changes of the colon tissue of the modeled animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hai-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - An-Jun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jia Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lian-Qiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Sheng-Qi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Hai-Lin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Identification of cytotoxic metabolites from Mahonia aquifolium using 1 H NMR-based metabolomics approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 150:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Xu Z, Feng W, Shen Q, Yu N, Yu K, Wang S, Chen Z, Shioda S, Guo Y. Rhizoma Coptidis and Berberine as a Natural Drug to Combat Aging and Aging-Related Diseases via Anti-Oxidation and AMPK Activation. Aging Dis 2017; 8:760-777. [PMID: 29344415 PMCID: PMC5758350 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for human diseases, as it results in cellular growth arrest, impaired tissue function and metabolism, ultimately impacting life span. Two different mechanisms are thought to be primary causes of aging. One is cumulative DNA damage induced by a perpetuating cycle of oxidative stress; the other is nutrient-sensing adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and rapamycin (mTOR)/ ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) pathways. As the main bioactive component of natural Chinese medicine rhizoma coptidis (RC), berberine has recently been reported to expand life span in Drosophila melanogaster, and attenuate premature cellular senescence. Most components of RC including berberine, coptisine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine have been found to have beneficial effects on hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension aging-related diseases. The mechanism of these effects involves multiple cellular kinase and signaling pathways, including anti-oxidation, activation of AMPK signaling and its downstream targets, including mTOR/rpS6, Sirtuin1/ forkhead box transcription factor O3 (FOXO3), nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf2), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. Most of these mechanisms converge on AMPK regulation on mitochondrial oxidative stress. Therefore, such evidence supports the possibility that rhizoma coptidis, in particular berberine, is a promising anti-aging natural product, and has pharmaceutical potential in combating aging-related diseases via anti-oxidation and AMPK cellular kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Xu
- 1Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,2Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Wei Feng
- 3South Branch of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 102618, China
| | - Qian Shen
- 4Dongfang hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Nannan Yu
- 1Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Kun Yu
- 1Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shenjun Wang
- 1Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,2Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- 4Dongfang hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Seiji Shioda
- 5Peptide Drug Innovation, Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yi Guo
- 1Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,2Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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Kadam D, Lele SS. Extraction, characterization and bioactive properties of Nigella sativa seedcake. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 54:3936-3947. [PMID: 29085136 PMCID: PMC5643810 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The extraction of phenolic compounds from Nigella sativa seed cake was optimized in terms of % of EtOH, extraction time, extraction temperature and solid to solvent ratio to maximize the phenolic content yield. The optimized conditions were 40% ethanol for 60 min, at 40 °C, 1/14 solid to sample ratio. The LC-MS profiling of the extract was found to contain many important phenolics such as Kaempferol, p-coumaroyl acid derivative, Thymol-O-sophoroside etc. The extract showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50 values 548.5 ± 9.4, 64.3 ± 2.7 μg/ml and 1.85 ± 0.2 mM TE/g in terms of DPPH scavenging activity, TEAC, and FRAP assay respectively. The results also indicated that the extract has a significant anti-inflammatory potential. This was evaluated as a measure of the membrane stabilization ability and protein denaturation inhibition capacity (IC50 values) and the activities were found to be 318.73 ± 6.98 and 150.39 ± 2.61 μg/ml respectively. Moreover, results of the study are promising and invite to further investigate the above activities in order to confirm them in different experimental situations and to consider for possible use in a nutraceutical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kadam
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - S. S. Lele
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019 India
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Prolyl oligopeptidase and its role in the organism: attention to the most promising and clinically relevant inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP), also called prolyl endopeptidase, is a cytosolic enzyme investigated by several research groups. It has been proposed to play an important role in physiological processes such as modulation of the levels of several neuronal peptides and hormones containing a proline residue. Due to its proteolytic activity and physiological role in cell signaling pathways, inhibition of POP offers an emerging approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases as well as other diseases related to cognitive impairment. Furthermore, it may also represent an interesting target for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, and as an antiangiogenesis or antineoplastic agent. In this review paper, we summarized naturally occurring POP inhibitors together with peptide-like inhibitors and their biological effects. Some of them have shown promising results and interesting pharmacological profiles. However, to date, there is no POP inhibitor available on the market although several clinical trials have been undertaken.
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N’gouan AJ, Mansilla-Koblavi F, Timotou A, Adjou A, Tenon JA. Crystal structure of 5-nitro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzaldehyde, C 11H 12N 2O 3. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2016-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C11H12N2O3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.1726(2) Å, b = 7.1419(2) Å, c = 18.4875(6) Å, β = 100.376(1), V = 1061.43(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0533, wRref(F2) = 0.1212, T = 298 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aka Joseph N’gouan
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Physique Moléculaire , UFR-SSMT , Université Félix Houphouët Boigny Cocody-Abidjan , 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22 , Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Frédérica Mansilla-Koblavi
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Physique Moléculaire , UFR-SSMT , Université Félix Houphouët Boigny Cocody-Abidjan , 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22 , Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Adeyole Timotou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Structurale, UFR-SSMT , Université Félix, Houphouët Boigny Cocody-Abidjan , 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22 , Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Ané Adjou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Structurale, UFR-SSMT , Université Félix, Houphouët Boigny Cocody-Abidjan , 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22 , Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Jules Abodou Tenon
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Physique Moléculaire , UFR-SSMT , Université Félix Houphouët Boigny Cocody-Abidjan , 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22 , Côte d’Ivoire
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Wang K, Feng X, Chai L, Cao S, Qiu F. The metabolism of berberine and its contribution to the pharmacological effects. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 49:139-157. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1306544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xinchi Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Chai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Chandel M, Kumar M, Sharma U, Singh B, Kaur S. Investigations on Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and COX-2 Inhibitory Potential of Alkaloids fromAnthocephalus cadamba(Roxb.)Miq. Leaves. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Chandel
- Post Graduate Department of Botany; Khalsa College Amritsar; Punjab India
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143005 India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143005 India
- Akal College of Basic Sciences (Botany); Eternal University; Baru Sahib Sirmour Himachal Pradesh 173101 India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division; CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology; Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Bikram Singh
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division; CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology; Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143005 India
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Liu J, Hu B, Liu W, Qin W, Wu H, Zhang J, Yang C, Deng J, Shu K, Du J, Yang F, Yong T, Wang X, Yang W. Metabolomic tool to identify soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] germplasms with a high level of shade tolerance at the seedling stage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42478. [PMID: 28211897 PMCID: PMC5304147 DOI: 10.1038/srep42478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoflavone profiles of seeds of various soybean genotypes with different levels of shade tolerance at the seedling stage were investigated. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify 12 isoflavones, and the data were analyzed using a multivariate statistical analysis. Combined with field experimental data and an orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), several aglycones (genistein (GE), daidzein (DE), and glycitein (GLE)) were selected and identified as key compounds involved in the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings. Additional correlation analysis and laboratory shading stress experiments with soybean seedlings also confirmed the function of these selected isoflavones, especially GE, in the discrimination of soybean seedlings with different levels of shade tolerance. Furthermore, the structure-antioxidant activity relationships between a range of isoflavones and the plant shade-tolerance mechanism are discussed. Targeted metabolomic analyses of isoflavones could reveal the diversity of shade tolerance in soybean seedlings, thus contributing to the breeding of excellent soybean varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Baoyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenting Qin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Caiqiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Juncai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junbo Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
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Antioxidants of Phyllanthus emblica L. Bark Extract Provide Hepatoprotection against Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Damage: A Comparison with Silymarin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3876040. [PMID: 28168009 PMCID: PMC5267079 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3876040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. (amla) has been used in Ayurveda as a potent rasayan for treatment of hepatic disorders. Most of the pharmacological studies, however, are largely focused on PE fruit, while the rest of the parts of PE, particularly, bark, remain underinvestigated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Phyllanthus emblica bark (PEE) in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content and in vitro antioxidant activities were determined by using H2O2 scavenging and ABTS decolorization assays. Our results showed that PEE was rich in total phenols (99.523 ± 1.91 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (389.33 ± 1.25 mg quercetin hydrate/g), and total tannins (310 ± 0.21 mg catechin/g), which clearly support its strong antioxidant potential. HPTLC-based quantitative analysis revealed the presence of the potent antioxidants gallic acid (25.05 mg/g) and ellagic acid (13.31 mg/g). Moreover, one-month PEE treatment (500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) followed by 30-day 70% ethanol (10 mL/kg) administration showed hepatoprotection as evidenced by significant restoration of ALT (p < 0.01), AST (p < 0.001), ALP (p < 0.05), and TP (p < 0.001) and further confirmed by liver histopathology. PEE-mediated hepatoprotection could be due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity that may be ascribed to its antioxidant components, namely, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Thus, the results of the present study support the therapeutic claims made in Ayurveda about Phyllanthus emblica.
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Cheung HP, Wang SW, Ng TB, Zhang YB, Lao LX, Zhang ZJ, Tong Y, Chung FWS, Sze SCW. Comparison of chemical profiles and effectiveness between Erxian decoction and mixtures of decoctions of its individual herbs: a novel approach for identification of the standard chemicals. Chin Med 2017; 12:1. [PMID: 28053654 PMCID: PMC5209811 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of bioactive standard chemicals is a major challenge in the study of the Chinese medicinal formula. In particular, the chemical components may interact differently depending on the preparative methods, therefore affecting the amounts of bioactive components and their pharmacological properties in the medicinal formula. With the use of Erxian decoction (EXD) as a study model—a well-known Chinese medicinal formula for treating menopausal symptoms, a novel and rapid approach in seeking standard chemicals has been established by differentially comparing the HPLC profiles and the menopause-related biochemical parameters of combined decoction of EXD (EXD-C) and mixtures of the decoctions of its individual herbs (EXD-S). Methods The levels of six chemicals, which exerted actions on the HPO axis, have been measured in EXD-C and EXD-S by HPLC. Twelve-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were employed and treated with EXD-C and EXD-S. Their endocrine functions after treatment were evaluated by determining the ovarian mRNA levels of aromatase, a key enzyme for estradiol biosynthesis. The effect of the antioxidant regimen was determined by the hepatic superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1) mRNA levels. Results The amounts of mangiferine, ferulic acid, jatrorrhizine and palmatine in EXD-S were twofold higher than those in EXD-C. EXD-S was more effective in stimulating ovarian aromatase and the expression of the antioxidant enzymes compared with EXD-C. Conclusion Mangiferine, ferulic acid, jatrorrhizine and palmatine are suitable for use as standard chemicals for quality evaluation of EXD according to our approach. EXD-S could be more effective than EXD-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - S W Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - T B Ng
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Y B Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - L X Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Z J Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Y Tong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - F W S Chung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - S C W Sze
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
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Wang SW, Cheung HP, Tong Y, Lu J, Ng TB, Zhang YB, Zhang ZJ, Lee KF, Lam JKW, Sze SCW. Steroidogenic effect of Erxian decoction for relieving menopause via the p-Akt/PKB pathway in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 195:188-195. [PMID: 27871904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Erxian decoction (EXD), an empirical Chinese medicine formula, is effectively used in the clinical treatment of menopause-related symptoms in China. Previous data from our group show that EXD has steroidogenic effect on natural menopausal Sprague-Dawley-rats (SD-rats) as an animal model of menopause. However, the mechanistic studies on steroidogenic effects of EXD are still inadequate. Hence, the mechanisms of steroidogenic effects of EXD were studied in vitro and in vivo in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Menopause causes a decline of endocrine function and a series of symptoms. In this study, 16-20-month-old female SD rats with a low serum estradiol level were employed. Their endocrine functions after treatment with EXD (4.1g/kg) were assessed by determination of their serum estradiol level. Proteins involved in the steroidogenic pathway including StAR, 17βHSD, 3βHSD, aromatase, and activation of phosphorylated Protein Kinase B (p-Akt/PKB), as well as estradiol receptor proteins (ERα & ERβ) after EXD treatment were analyzed. Kinase inhibition assay was conducted to confirm the mechanism of steroidogenic effects of EXD in vitro. MCF-7 and BT-483 cells were used to investigate whether EXD stimulated breast cancer cell proliferation. RESULTS Results revealed a significantly ameliorated serum estradiol level, and a significantly increased expression of ovarian aromatase and PKB in the EXD-treated rats. EXD attenuated 17β-estradiol stimulated proliferation of breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained from immunoblotting and measurements of serum estradiol level of the present investigation revealed that EXD may relieve the menopausal syndrome through an upregulation of ovarian aromatase and p-PKB expression without stimulating the growth of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Wei Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Ho Pan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Yao Tong
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Jia Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Yan Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Kai Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Jenny Ka Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Stephen Cho Wing Sze
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Jatrorrhizine Derivatives with Amino Groups Linked at the 3-Position as Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/3261520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatrorrhizine was considered as one of the active constituents of Coptis chinensis Franch. Herein, jatrorrhizine derivatives with substituted amino groups linked at the 3-position were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. Jatrorrhizine derivatives inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to a greater extent than the lead compound jatrorrhizine. All these jatrorrhizine derivatives were proved to be potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with submicromolar IC50 values, but less sensitive to butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), which suggests that these jatrorrhizine derivatives are selective for AChE/BuChE. Compound 3g gave the most potent inhibitor activity for AChE (IC50 = 0.301 μM), which is greater than the lead compound jatrorrhizine. All these results demonstrated that these jatrorrhizine derivatives are potential inhibitors for AChE.
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Regulation of miRNAs by herbal medicine: An emerging field in cancer therapies. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:262-270. [PMID: 28006752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs' expression profiles have recently gained major attention as far as cancer research is concerned. MicroRNAs are able to inhibit target gene expression via binding to the 3' UTR of target mRNA, resulting in target mRNA cleavage or translation inhibition. MicroRNAs play significant parts in a myriad of biological processes; studies have proven, on the other hand, that aberrant microRNA expression is, more often than not, associated with the growth and progression of cancers. MicroRNAs could act as oncogenes (oncomir) or tumor suppressors and can also be utilized as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown that such herbal extracts as Shikonin, Sinomenium acutum, curcumin, Olea europaea, ginseng, and Coptidis Rhizoma could alter microRNA expression profiles through inhibiting cancer cell development, activating the apoptosis pathway, or increasing the efficacy of conventional cancer therapeutics. Such findings patently suggest that the novel specific targeting of microRNAs by herbal extracts could complete the restriction of tumors by killing the cancerous cells so as to recover survival results in patients diagnosed with malignancies. In this review, we summarized the current research about microRNA biogenesis, microRNAs in cancer, herbal compounds with anti-cancer effects and novel strategies for employing herbal extracts in order to target microRNAs for a better treatment of patients diagnosed with cancer.
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Libro R, Giacoppo S, Soundara Rajan T, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Natural Phytochemicals in the Treatment and Prevention of Dementia: An Overview. Molecules 2016; 21:518. [PMID: 27110749 PMCID: PMC6274085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The word dementia describes a class of heterogeneous diseases which etiopathogenetic mechanisms are not well understood. There are different types of dementia, among which, Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the more common. Currently approved pharmacological treatments for most forms of dementia seem to act only on symptoms without having profound disease-modifying effects. Thus, alternative strategies capable of preventing the progressive loss of specific neuronal populations are urgently required. In particular, the attention of researchers has been focused on phytochemical compounds that have shown antioxidative, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties and that could represent important resources in the discovery of drug candidates against dementia. In this review, we summarize the neuroprotective effects of the main phytochemicals belonging to the polyphenol, isothiocyanate, alkaloid and cannabinoid families in the prevention and treatment of the most common kinds of dementia. We believe that natural phytochemicals may represent a promising sources of alternative medicine, at least in association with therapies approved to date for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaliana Libro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Giacoppo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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Siemuri EO, Akintunde JK, Salemcity AJ. Effects of sub-acute methanol extract treatment of Calliandra portoricensis root bark on antioxidant defence capacity in an experimental rat model. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 26:375-82. [PMID: 26119059 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The attendant side effects associated with some synthetic drugs used in the management of diseases have led to the search for safer alternative therapies that are relatively cheaper with minimal side effects. METHODS The methanol extract of Calliandra portoricensis root bark (CPRB) was orally administered at the doses of 5, 10, 20, and 25 mg/kg body weight for 14 consecutive days of 5 rats in each group. The control rats were given distilled water. RESULTS The 95% methanol extract of CPRB significantly (p<0.05) scavenged NO• and OH• radicals compared to vitamin C. The level of lipid peroxidative products (malondialdehyde, MDA) was significantly (p<0.05) attenuated in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly (p<0.05) exercabated in both liver and kidney in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, serum AST, alanine aminotransaminase and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity depicted non-significant (p>0.05) increase in the treated animals. The histological examination showed mild vacuolar, portal congestion and cell infiltration by mononuclear of the hepatic tissues. CONCLUSIONS The study then concluded that a therapeutic dose of the methanol extract of CPRB triggered the antioxidant defence systems in male rats. It is, therefore, recommended that the doses should be carefully and clinically chosen because higher doses may cause some health risks.
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