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Vollett KDW, Szulc DA, Cheng HLM. A Manganese Porphyrin Platform for the Design and Synthesis of Molecular and Targeted MRI Contrast Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119532. [PMID: 37298480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, in contrast to the plethora of fluorescent agents available to target disease biomarkers or exogenous implants, have remained predominantly non-specific. That is, they do not preferentially accumulate in specific locations in vivo because doing so necessitates longer contrast retention, which is contraindicated for current gadolinium (Gd) agents. This double-edge sword implies that Gd agents can offer either rapid elimination (but lack specificity) or targeted accumulation (but with toxicity risks). For this reason, MRI contrast agent innovation has been severely constrained. Gd-free alternatives based on manganese (Mn) chelates have been largely ineffective, as they are inherently unstable. In this study, we present a Mn(III) porphyrin (MnP) platform for bioconjugation, offering the highest stability and chemical versatility compared to any other T1 contrast agent. We exploit the inherent metal stability conferred by porphyrins and the absence of pendant bases (found in Gd or Mn chelates) that limit versatile functionalization. As proof-of-principle, we demonstrate labeling of human serum albumin, a model protein, and collagen hydrogels for applications in in-vivo targeted imaging and material tracking, respectively. In-vitro and in-vivo results confirm unprecedented metal stability, ease of functionalization, and high T1 relaxivity. This new platform opens the door to ex-vivo validation by fluorescent imaging and multipurpose molecular imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D W Vollett
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Daniel A Szulc
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Hai-Ling Margaret Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
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2
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Fu S, Cai Z, Liu L, Fu X, Wu C, Du L, Xia C, Lui S, Gong Q, Song B, Ai H. Gadolinium(III) Complex-Backboned Branched Polymers as Imaging Probes for Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18311-18322. [PMID: 37000117 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Compared to traditional branched polymers with Gd(III) chelates conjugated on their surface, branched polymers with Gd(III) chelates as the internal skeleton are considered to be a reasonable strategy for preparing efficient magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Herein, the Gd(III) ligand DOTA was chosen as the internal skeleton; four different molecular weights (3.5, 5.3, 8.6, and 13.1 kDa) and degrees of branching poly-DOTA branched polymers (P1, P2, P3, and P4) were synthesized by a simple "A2 + B4"-type one-pot polymerization. The Gd(III) chelates of these poly-DOTA branched polymers (P1-Gd, P2-Gd, P3-Gd, and P4-Gd) display excellent kinetic stability, which is significantly higher than those of linear Gd-DTPA and cyclic Gd-DOTA-butrol and slightly lower than that of cyclic Gd-DOTA. The T1 relaxivities of P1-Gd, P2-Gd, P3-Gd, and P4-Gd are 29.4, 38.7, 44.0, and 47.9 Gd mM-1 s-1, respectively, at 0.5 T, which are about 6-11 times higher than that of Gd-DOTA (4.4 Gd mM-1 s-1). P4-Gd was selected for in vivo magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) because of its high kinetic stability, T1 relaxivity, and good biosafety. The results showed excellent MRA effect, sensitive detection of vascular stenosis, and prolonged observation window as compared to Gd-DOTA. Overall, Gd(III) chelates of poly-DOTA branched polymers are good candidates of MRI probes, providing a unique design strategy in which Gd chelation can occur at both the interior and surface of the poly-DOTA branched polymers, resulting in excellent relaxivity enhancement. In vivo animal MRA studies of the probe provide possibilities in discovering small vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhongyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaomin Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Changqiang Wu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Liang Du
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Chunchao Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Kumar N, Guleria M, Chakraborty A, Amirdhanayagam J, Bannore TU, Damle A, Sarma HD, Das T. Synthesis and evaluation of [
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Lu]Lu‐labeled porphyrin loaded PAMAM dendrimer: Impact on tumor uptake and pharmacokinetics. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1777-1790. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai Maharashtra India
- Department of Chemical Sciences Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Mohini Guleria
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai Maharashtra India
- Department of Chemical Sciences Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Avik Chakraborty
- Radiation Medicine Centre Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | | | | | - Archana Damle
- Radiation Medicine Centre Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Haladhar D. Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Tapas Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai Maharashtra India
- Department of Chemical Sciences Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai Maharashtra India
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4
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Application of Dendrimers in Anticancer Diagnostics and Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103237. [PMID: 35630713 PMCID: PMC9144149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of dendrimeric constructs in medical diagnostics and therapeutics is increasing. Dendrimers have attracted attention due to their compact, spherical three-dimensional structures with surfaces that can be modified by the attachment of various drugs, hydrophilic or hydrophobic groups, or reporter molecules. In the literature, many modified dendrimer systems with various applications have been reported, including drug and gene delivery systems, biosensors, bioimaging contrast agents, tissue engineering, and therapeutic agents. Dendrimers are used for the delivery of macromolecules, miRNAs, siRNAs, and many other various biomedical applications, and they are ideal carriers for bioactive molecules. In addition, the conjugation of dendrimers with antibodies, proteins, and peptides allows for the design of vaccines with highly specific and predictable properties, and the role of dendrimers as carrier systems for vaccine antigens is increasing. In this work, we will focus on a review of the use of dendrimers in cancer diagnostics and therapy. Dendrimer-based nanosystems for drug delivery are commonly based on polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) that can be modified with drugs and contrast agents. Moreover, dendrimers can be successfully used as conjugates that deliver several substances simultaneously. The potential to develop dendrimers with multifunctional abilities has served as an impetus for the design of new molecular platforms for medical diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Vorobiev V, Adriouach S, Crowe LA, Lenglet S, Thomas A, Chauvin AS, Allémann E. Vascular-targeted micelles as a specific MRI contrast agent for molecular imaging of fibrin clots and cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:347-358. [PMID: 33271302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular medical imaging is intended to increase the accuracy of diagnosis, particularly in cardiovascular and cancer-related diseases, where early detection could significantly increase the treatment success rate. In this study, we present mixed micelles formed from four building blocks as a magnetic resonance imaging targeted contrast agent for the detection of atheroma and cancer cells. The building blocks are a gadolinium-loaded DOTA ring responsible for contrast enhancement, a fibrin-specific CREKA pentapeptide responsible for targeting, a fluorescent dye and DSPE-PEG2000. The micelles were fully characterized in terms of their size, zeta potential, stability, relaxivity and toxicity. Target binding assays performed on fibrin clots were quantified by fluorescence and image signal intensities and proved the binding power. An additional internalization assay showed that the micelles were also designed to specifically enter into cancer cells. Overall, these multimodal mixed micelles represent a potential formulation for MRI molecular imaging of atheroma and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassily Vorobiev
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Souad Adriouach
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lindsey A Crowe
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Lenglet
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Center for Legal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Sophie Chauvin
- Institut of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allémann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Khalighinejad P, Parrott D, Sherry AD. Imaging Tissue Physiology In Vivo by Use of Metal Ion-Responsive MRI Contrast Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E268. [PMID: 32987721 PMCID: PMC7598704 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramagnetic metal ion complexes, mostly based on gadolinium (Gd3+), have been used for over 30 years as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Gd3+-based contrast agents have a strong influence on T1 relaxation times and are consequently the most commonly used agents in both the clinical and research environments. Zinc is an essential element involved with over 3000 different cellular proteins, and disturbances in tissue levels of zinc have been linked to a wide range of pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, prostate cancer, and diabetes mellitus. MR contrast agents that respond to the presence of Zn2+ in vivo offer the possibility of imaging changes in Zn2+ levels in real-time with the superior spatial resolution offered by MRI. Such responsive agents, often referred to as smart agents, are typically composed of a paramagnetic metal ion with a ligand encapsulating it and one or more chelating units that selectively bind with the analyte of interest. Translation of these agents into clinical radiology is the next goal. In this review, we discuss Gd3+-based MR contrast agents that respond to a change in local Zn2+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Khalighinejad
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Daniel Parrott
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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7
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Shrestha R, Teesdale-Spittle PH, Lewis AR, Rendle PM. Gadolinium Complexes Attached to Poly Ethoxy Ethyl Glycinamide (PEE-G) Dendrons: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents with Increased Relaxivity. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1881-1892. [PMID: 32845091 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A range of poly ethoxy ethyl glycinamide (PEE-G) dendron scaffolds with gadolinium (III) complexes attached were synthesized with a focus on product purity and high Gd(III) loading. The nuclear magnetic resonance relaxivity of these products was measured and compared with commercially available low-molecular-weight magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Over twice the relaxivity based on Gd(III) concentration, and up to 20-fold increase in relaxivity were observed based on molecular concentration. Relaxivity properties were observed to increase with both increasing molecular weight and number of Gd(III) complexes attached, however a plateau was reached for molecular weight increase. T1 and T2 relaxivity properties were also investigated at two different magnetic fields. Transverse relaxivity is unaffected by magnetic field strength whereas increase in longitudinal relaxivity was not as pronounced at the higher field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinu Shrestha
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33 436, Petone, 5046, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrew R Lewis
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33 436, Petone, 5046, New Zealand.,Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31 310, Lower Hutt, 5010, New Zealand
| | - Phillip M Rendle
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33 436, Petone, 5046, New Zealand
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8
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Kim K, Kim H, Bae SH, Lee SY, Kim YH, Na J, Lee CH, Lee MS, Ko GB, Kim KY, Lee SH, Song IH, Cheon GJ, Kang KW, Kim SE, Chung JK, Kim EE, Paek SH, Lee JS, Lee BC, Youn H. [ 18F]CB251 PET/MR imaging probe targeting translocator protein (TSPO) independent of its Polymorphism in a Neuroinflammation Model. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:9315-9331. [PMID: 32802194 PMCID: PMC7415805 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) has been proposed as a biomarker for the detection of neuroinflammation. Although various PET probes targeting TSPO have been developed, a highly selective probe for detecting TSPO is still needed because single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human TSPO gene greatly affect the binding affinity of TSPO ligands. Here, we describe the visualization of neuroinflammation with a multimodality imaging system using our recently developed TSPO-targeting radionuclide PET probe [18F]CB251, which is less affected by TSPO polymorphisms. Methods: To test the selectivity of [18F]CB251 for TSPO polymorphisms, 293FT cells expressing polymorphic TSPO were generated by introducing the coding sequences of wild-type (WT) and mutant (Alanine → Threonine at 147th Amino Acid; A147T) forms. Competitive inhibition assay was conducted with [3H]PK11195 and various TSPO ligands using membrane proteins isolated from 293FT cells expressing TSPO WT or mutant-A147T, representing high-affinity binder (HAB) or low-affinity binder (LAB), respectively. IC50 values of each ligand to [3H]PK11195 in HAB or LAB were measured and the ratio of IC50 values of each ligand to [3H]PK11195 in HAB to LAB was calculated, indicating the sensitivity of TSPO polymorphism. Cellular uptake of [18F]CB251 was measured with different TSPO polymorphisms, and phantom studies of [18F]CB251-PET using 293FT cells were performed. To test TSPO-specific cellular uptake of [18F]CB251, TSPO expression was regulated with pCMV-TSPO (or shTSPO)/eGFP vector. Intracranial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment was used to induce regional inflammation in the mouse brain. Gadolinium (Gd)-DOTA MRI was used to monitor the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and infiltration by immune cells. Infiltration of peripheral immune cells across the BBB, which exacerbates neuroinflammation to produce higher levels of neurotoxicity, was also monitored with bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Peripheral immune cells isolated from luciferase-expressing transgenic mice were transferred to syngeneic inflamed mice. Neuroinflammation was monitored with [18F]CB251-PET/MR and BLI. To evaluate the effects of anti-inflammatory agents on intracranial inflammation, an inflammatory cytokine inhibitor, 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid methyl ester (CDDO-Me) was administered in intracranial LPS challenged mice. Results: The ratio of IC50 values of [18F]CB251 in HAB to LAB indicated similar binding affinity to WT and mutant TSPO and was less affected by TSPO polymorphisms. [18F]CB251 was specific for TSPO, and its cellular uptake reflected the amount of TSPO. Higher [18F]CB251 uptake was also observed in activated immune cells. Simultaneous [18F]CB251-PET/MRI showed that [18F]CB251 radioactivity was co-registered with the MR signals in the same region of the brain of LPS-injected mice. Luciferase-expressing peripheral immune cells were located at the site of LPS-injected right striatum. Quantitative evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of CDDO-Me on neuroinflammation was successfully monitored with TSPO-targeting [18F]CB251-PET/MR and BLI. Conclusion: Our results indicate that [18F]CB251-PET has great potential for detecting neuroinflammation with higher TSPO selectivity regardless of polymorphisms. Our multimodal imaging system, [18F]CB251-PET/MRI, tested for evaluating the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents in preclinical studies, might be an effective method to assess the severity and therapeutic response of neuroinflammation.
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Rustagi V, Udugamasooriya DG. Identification of side arm-modified DOTA scaffolds as multi-site binding ligands for cancer cells over normal cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126619. [PMID: 31431362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The metal-chelated 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-tetraamide (DOTA) scaffold has been widely used as a contrast agent for diagnostic purposes in positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but not as a biomarker targetable ligand. While the oxygen atoms at the stem of the four arms of the DOTA scaffold are needed for metal chelation, we previously introduced various physiochemical properties to extend these arms in a chemical library fashion to enhance the imaging contrast mechanism. We developed two such on-bead libraries, with 80 and 76 DOTA derivatives, where one arm was used to attach the DOTA scaffold onto resin beads and the other three arms were chemically modified. We now hypothesized that the chemical moieties used to modify these three arms can also recognize biomarkers on a cell surface. Therefore in this current study, we used such 76 derivatives of DOTA library to screen against HeLa cervical cancer cells. We found that two of the four 'hits' identified displayed higher binding towards HeLa cells than the unmodified parent DOTA. Furthermore, one of those 'hits' displayed better binding towards cervical and prostate cancer cells than lung and breast cancer cells and normal HBEC-3KT and RWPE1 cells. This indicates that this derivative can recognize a biomarker specific for certain types of cancer cells. If the compound has intrinsic activity, this can be used as a theranostic agent for real time therapy monitoring applications in the future. We believe that our DOTA derivative-based library approach can be applied to other types of cell and protein screens on various disease types in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Rustagi
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Rd, Health Building 2, Room 7033, Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
| | - D Gomika Udugamasooriya
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Rd, Health Building 2, Room 7033, Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA; Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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10
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Ndiaye M, Malytskyi V, Vangijzegem T, Sauvage F, Wels M, Cadiou C, Moreau J, Henoumont C, Boutry S, Muller RN, Harakat D, Smedt SD, Laurent S, Chuburu F. Comparison of MRI Properties between Multimeric DOTAGA and DO3A Gadolinium-Dendron Conjugates. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12798-12808. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maleotane Ndiaye
- Laboratoire de RMN et d’Imagerie Moléculaire, Université de Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Volodymyr Malytskyi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Thomas Vangijzegem
- Laboratoire de RMN et d’Imagerie Moléculaire, Université de Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mike Wels
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cyril Cadiou
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Juliette Moreau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Céline Henoumont
- Laboratoire de RMN et d’Imagerie Moléculaire, Université de Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Boutry
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Robert N. Muller
- Laboratoire de RMN et d’Imagerie Moléculaire, Université de Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Dominique Harakat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratoire de RMN et d’Imagerie Moléculaire, Université de Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Françoise Chuburu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims Cedex 2, France
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11
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Synthesis and stability test of radiogadolinium(III)-DOTA-PAMAM G3.0-trastuzumab as SPECT-MRI molecular imaging agent for diagnosis of HER-2 positive breast cancer. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Zhao L, Zhu M, Li Y, Xing Y, Zhao J. Radiolabeled Dendrimers for Nuclear Medicine Applications. Molecules 2017; 22:E1350. [PMID: 28841180 PMCID: PMC6151832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in nuclear medicine have explored nanoscale carriers for targeted delivery of various radionuclides in specific manners to improve the effect of diagnosis and therapy of diseases. Due to the unique molecular architecture allowing facile attachment of targeting ligands and radionuclides, dendrimers provide versatile platforms in this filed to build abundant multifunctional radiolabeled nanoparticles for nuclear medicine applications. This review gives special focus to recent advances in dendrimer-based nuclear medicine agents for the imaging and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases. Radiolabeling strategies for different radionuclides and several challenges involved in clinical translation of radiolabeled dendrimers are extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhou Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Meilin Zhu
- Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
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13
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Montiel Schneider MG, Lassalle VL. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as novel and efficient tools for atherosclerosis diagnosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1098-1115. [PMID: 28738519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications derivate from atherosclerosis are the main cause of death in western world. An early detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is primordial for a better care of patients suffering the pathology. In this context nanotechnology has emerged as a promising tool to achieve this goal. Nanoparticles based on magnetic iron oxide (MNPs) have been extensively studied in cardiovascular diseases diagnosis, as well as in the treatment and diagnostic of other pathologies. The present review aims to describe and analyze the most current literature regarding to this topic, offering the level of detail required to reproduce the experimental tasks providing a critical input of the latest available reports. The current diagnostic features are presented and compared, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Information on novel technology intended to this purpose is also recompiled and in deep analyzed. Special emphasis is placed in magnetic nanotechnology, remarking the possibility to assess selective and multifunctional systems to the early detection of artherosclerotic pathologies. Finally, in view of the state of the art, the future perspectives about the trends on MNPs in artherosclerorsis diagnostic and treatment have also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Leticia Lassalle
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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14
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Guo C, Sun L, Cai H, Duan Z, Zhang S, Gong Q, Luo K, Gu Z. Gadolinium-Labeled Biodegradable Dendron-Hyaluronic Acid Hybrid and Its Subsequent Application as a Safe and Efficient Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:23508-23519. [PMID: 28656751 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents with high sensitivity and good biocompatibility are required for the diagnosis of cancer. Herein, we prepared and characterized the gadolinium [Gd(III)]-labeled peptide dendron-hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugate-based hybrid (dendronized-HA-DOTA-Gd) by combining the advantages of HA and the peptide dendron. The dendronized-HA-DOTA-Gd hybrid with 3.8% Gd(III) as weight percentage showed a negative zeta potential (-35 mV). The in vitro degradation results indicated that the dendronized-HA-DOTA-Gd hybrid degraded into products with low molecular weights in the presence of hyaluronidase. The dendronized-HA-DOTA-Gd hybrid showed a 3-fold increase in longitudinal relaxivity and much higher in vivo signal enhancement in 4T1 breast tumors of mice compared with clinical Magnevist (Gd-DTPA). The dendronized-HA-DOTA-Gd hybrid had a higher accumulation in tumors than Gd-DTPA; it was 2-3-fold after administration. Meanwhile, the polymeric hybrid resulted in low Gd(III) residue in the body compared with that of Gd-DTPA. The systematic biosafety evaluations, including blood compatibility and toxicity assessments, suggested that the dendronized-HA-DOTA-Gd hybrid exhibited good biocompatibility. Thus, the gadolinium-labeled and dendronized HA hybrid shows promise as a safe and efficient macromolecular MRI contrast agent based on high sensitivity, low residue content in the body, and good biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Guo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhenyu Duan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shiyong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
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15
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Zhang M, Liu X, Huang J, Wang L, Shen H, Luo Y, Li Z, Zhang H, Deng Z, Zhang Z. Ultrasmall graphene oxide based T 1 MRI contrast agent for in vitro and in vivo labeling of human mesenchymal stem cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:2475-2483. [PMID: 28552648 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report on development of a two-dimensional nanomaterial graphene oxide (GO)-based T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent (CA) for in vitro and in vivo labeling of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The CA was synthesized by PEGylation of ultrasmall GO, followed by conjugation with a chelating agent DOTA and then gadolinium(III) to form GO-DOTA-Gd complexes. Thus-prepared GO-DOTA-Gd complexes exhibited significantly improved T1 relaxivity, and the r1 value was 14.2 mM-1s-1 at 11.7 T, approximately three times higher than Magnevist, a commercially available CA. hMSCs can be effectively labeled by GO-DOTA-Gd, leading to remarkably enhanced cellular MRI effect without obvious adverse effects on proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs. More importantly, in vivo experiment revealed that intracranial detection of 5×105 hMSCs labeled with GO-DOTA-Gd is achieved. The current work demonstrates the feasibility of the GO-based T1 MRI CA for stem cell labeling, which may find potential applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - He Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Hailu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zongwu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.
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16
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Niedbalski P, Parish C, Kiswandhi A, Fidelino L, Khemtong C, Hayati Z, Song L, Martins A, Sherry AD, Lumata L. Influence of Dy 3+ and Tb 3+ doping on 13C dynamic nuclear polarization. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:014303. [PMID: 28063445 PMCID: PMC5218971 DOI: 10.1063/1.4973317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a technique that uses a microwave-driven transfer of high spin alignment from electrons to nuclear spins. This is most effective at low temperature and high magnetic field, and with the invention of the dissolution method, the amplified nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals in the frozen state in DNP can be harnessed in the liquid-state at physiologically acceptable temperature for in vitro and in vivo metabolic studies. A current optimization practice in dissolution DNP is to dope the sample with trace amounts of lanthanides such as Gd3+ or Ho3+, which further improves the polarization. While Gd3+ and Ho3+ have been optimized for use in dissolution DNP, other lanthanides have not been exhaustively studied for use in C13 DNP applications. In this work, two additional lanthanides with relatively high magnetic moments, Dy3+ and Tb3+, were extensively optimized and tested as doping additives for C13 DNP at 3.35 T and 1.2 K. We have found that both of these lanthanides are also beneficial additives, to a varying degree, for C13 DNP. The optimal concentrations of Dy3+ (1.5 mM) and Tb3+ (0.25 mM) for C13 DNP were found to be less than that of Gd3+ (2 mM). W-band electron paramagnetic resonance shows that these enhancements due to Dy3+ and Tb3+ doping are accompanied by shortening of electron T1 of trityl OX063 free radical. Furthermore, when dissolution was employed, Tb3+-doped samples were found to have similar liquid-state C13 NMR signal enhancements compared to samples doped with Gd3+, and both Tb3+ and Dy3+ had a negligible liquid-state nuclear T1 shortening effect which contrasts with the significant reduction in T1 when using Gd3+. Our results show that Dy3+ doping and Tb3+ doping have a beneficial impact on C13 DNP both in the solid and liquid states, and that Tb3+ in particular could be used as a potential alternative to Gd3+ in C13 dissolution DNP experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Niedbalski
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Christopher Parish
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Andhika Kiswandhi
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Leila Fidelino
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Zahra Hayati
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Likai Song
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - André Martins
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lloyd Lumata
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
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17
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Complexation of trivalent lanthanide cations by different chelation sites of malic and tartric acid (composition, stability and probable structure). ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Guo C, Sun L, She W, Li N, Jiang L, Luo K, Gong Q, Gu Z. A dendronized heparin–gadolinium polymer self-assembled into a nanoscale system as a potential magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00059b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An amphiphilic dendronized heparin–gadolinium conjugate self-assembles into a nanoscale system by a combination of the features of the nanoparticle, dendrimer and heparin. The nanoscale system demonstrates great potential as an efficient and safe MRI contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- 29 Wangjiang Road
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Radiology
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Wenchuan She
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- 29 Wangjiang Road
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Ning Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- 29 Wangjiang Road
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Lei Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- 29 Wangjiang Road
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Kui Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- 29 Wangjiang Road
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- 29 Wangjiang Road
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
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19
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Guo C, Hu J, Bains A, Pan D, Luo K, Li N, Gu Z. The potential of peptide dendron functionalized and gadolinium loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2322-2331. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02709h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide dendron functionalized and gadolinium loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles demonstrated potential as MRI contrast imaging probes owing to good biosafety and increased T1 relaxivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology
- Wayne State University
- Detroit
- USA
| | - Ashika Bains
- Department of Radiology
- Wayne State University
- Detroit
- USA
| | - Dayi Pan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Kui Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Ning Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
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20
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Yang CT, Padmanabhan P, Gulyás BZ. Gadolinium(iii) based nanoparticles for T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging probes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07782j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarized the recent progress on Gd(iii)-based nanoparticles asT1-weighted MRI contrast agents and multimodal contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Tong Yang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 636921
| | | | - Balázs Z. Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 636921
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21
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Nicholls FJ, Rotz MW, Ghuman H, MacRenaris KW, Meade TJ, Modo M. DNA-gadolinium-gold nanoparticles for in vivo T1 MR imaging of transplanted human neural stem cells. Biomaterials 2015; 77:291-306. [PMID: 26615367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The unambiguous imaging of transplanted cells remains a major challenge to understand their biological function and therapeutic efficacy. In vivo imaging of implanted cells is reliant on tagging these to differentiate them from host tissue, such as the brain. We here characterize a gold nanoparticle conjugate that is functionalized with modified deoxythymidine oligonucleotides bearing Gd(III) chelates and a red fluorescent Cy3 moiety to visualize in vivo transplanted human neural stem cells. This DNA-Gd@Au nanoparticle (DNA-Gd@AuNP) exhibits an improved T1 relaxivity and excellent cell uptake. No significant effects of cell uptake have been found on essential cell functions. Although T1 relaxivity is attenuated within cells, it is sufficiently preserved to afford the in vivo detection of transplanted cells using an optimized voxel size. In vivo MR images were corroborated by a post-mortem histological verification of DNA-Gd@AuNPs in transplanted cells. With 70% of cells being correctly identified using the DNA-Gd-AuNPs indicates an overall reliable detection. Less than 1% of cells were false positive for DNA-Gd@AuNPs, but a significant number of 30% false negatives reveals a dramatic underestimation of transplanted cells using this approach. DNA-Gd@AuNPs therefore offer new opportunities to visualize transplanted cells unequivocally using T1 contrast and use cellular MRI as a tool to derive biologically relevant information that allows us to understand how the survival and location of implanted cells determines therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca J Nicholls
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Matthew W Rotz
- Departments of Chemistry, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Harmanvir Ghuman
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Keith W MacRenaris
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Quantitative Bio-elemental Imaging Centre, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Michel Modo
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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22
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Radiolabeling optimization and characterization of (68)Ga labeled DOTA-polyamido-amine dendrimer conjugate - Animal biodistribution and PET imaging results. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 105:40-46. [PMID: 26232562 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the optimization of (68)Ga radiolabeling with PAMAM dendrimer-DOTA conjugate. A conjugate (PAMAM-DOTA) concentration of 11.69µM, provided best radiolabeling efficiency of more than 93.0% at pH 4.0, incubation time of 30.0min and reaction temperature ranging between 90 and 100°C. The decay corrected radiochemical yield was found to be 79.4±0.01%. The radiolabeled preparation ([(68)Ga]-DOTA-PAMAM-D) remained stable (radiolabeling efficiency of 96.0%) at room temperature and in serum for up to 4-h. The plasma protein binding was observed to be 21.0%. After intravenous administration, 50.0% of the tracer cleared from the blood circulation by 30-min and less than 1.0% of the injected activity remained in blood by 1.0h. The animal biodistribution studies demonstrated that the tracer excretes through the kidneys and about 0.33% of the %ID/g accumulated in the tumor at 1h post injection. The animal organ's biodistribution data was supported by animal PET imaging showing good 'non-specific' tracer uptake in tumor and excretion is primarily through kidneys. Additionally, DOTA-PAMAM-D conjugation with αVβ3 receptors targeting peptides and drug loading on the dendrimers may improve the specificity of the (68)Ga labeled product for imaging and treating angiogenesis respectively.
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23
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Opina AC, Wong KJ, Griffiths GL, Turkbey BI, Bernardo M, Nakajima T, Kobayashi H, Choyke PL, Vasalatiy O. Preparation and long-term biodistribution studies of a PAMAM dendrimer G5-Gd-BnDOTA conjugate for lymphatic imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1423-37. [PMID: 25392239 PMCID: PMC4482252 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To demonstrate the use of gadolinium (Gd)-labeled dendrimers as lymphatic imaging agents and establish the long-term biodistribution (90-day) of this type of agent in mice. MATERIALS & METHODS A G5-Gd-BnDOTA dendrimer was prepared and injected into mice and monkeys for MR lymphangiography, and long-term biodistribution of the conjugate was studied. RESULTS Administration of G5-Gd-BnDOTA in mice demonstrated a rapid uptake in the deep lymphatic system while injection in monkeys showed enhanced internal iliac nodes, indicating its general utility for lymphatic tracking. Biodistribution studies to 90 days showed that gadolinium conjugate is slowly being eliminated from the liver and other organs. CONCLUSION The use of G5-Gd-BnDOTA holds great promise for lymphatic imaging, but its slow clearance from the body might hamper its eventual clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Christina Opina
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Karen J Wong
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, MD, USA
| | - Gary L Griffiths
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, MD, USA
| | - Baris I Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, MD, USA
| | - Olga Vasalatiy
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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24
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Cakić N, Gündüz S, Rengarasu R, Angelovski G. Synthetic strategies for preparation of cyclen-based MRI contrast agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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How to study dendrimers and dendriplexes III. Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and toxicity in vivo. J Control Release 2014; 181:40-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Sun M, Zhang H, Hu X, Liu B, Liu Y. Hyperbranched Supramolecular Polymer of Tris(permethyl-β-cyclodextrin)s with Porphyrins: Characterization and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Huang CH, Tsourkas A. Gd-based macromolecules and nanoparticles as magnetic resonance contrast agents for molecular imaging. Curr Top Med Chem 2014; 13:411-21. [PMID: 23432004 DOI: 10.2174/1568026611313040002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As we move towards an era of personalized medicine, molecular imaging contrast agents are likely to see an increasing presence in routine clinical practice. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has garnered particular interest as a platform for molecular imaging applications due its ability to monitor anatomical changes concomitant with physiologic and molecular changes. One promising new direction in the development of MR contrast agents involves the labeling and/or loading of nanoparticles with gadolinium (Gd). These nanoplatforms are capable of carrying large payloads of Gd, thus providing the requisite sensitivity to detect molecular signatures within disease pathologies. In this review, we discuss some of the progress that has recently been made in the development of Gd-based macromolecules and nanoparticles and outline some of the physical and chemical properties that will be important to incorporate into the next generation of contrast agents, including high Gd chelate stability, high "relaxivity per particle" and "relaxivity density", and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hui Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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28
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Hachani R, Lowdell M, Birchall M, Thanh NTK. Tracking stem cells in tissue-engineered organs using magnetic nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:11362-11373. [PMID: 24108444 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03861k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of human stem cells (SCs) in tissue engineering holds promise in revolutionising the treatment of numerous diseases. There is a pressing need to comprehend the distribution, movement and role of SCs once implanted onto scaffolds. Nanotechnology has provided a platform to investigate this through the development of inorganic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). MNPs can be used to label and track SCs by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) since this clinically available imaging modality has high spatial resolution. In this review, we highlight recent applications of iron oxide and gadolinium based MNPs in SC labelling and MRI; and offer novel considerations for their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Hachani
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Ye M, Qian Y, Tang J, Hu H, Sui M, Shen Y. Targeted biodegradable dendritic MRI contrast agent for enhanced tumor imaging. J Control Release 2013; 169:239-45. [PMID: 23403397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive and safe contrast agents (CAs) are essential for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to achieve accurate tumor detection and imaging. Dendrimer-based macromolecular MRI contrast agents are advantageous owing to their tumor-targeting ability, enhanced imaging contrast and enlarged imaging window. However, most of them have drawbacks of non-degradability and thereby long-term retention in body and toxicity. Herein, a tumor-targeting biodegradable dendritic CA (DCA) (FA-PEG-G2-DTPA-Gd) was prepared from a polyester dendrimer conjugated with gadolinium (Gd) chelates and PEG chains with distal folic acid. The DCA had a high longitudinal relaxivity up to 17.1mM(-1)s(-1), 4 times higher than the clinically used CA Magnevist. The MRI contrasted by FA-PEG-G2-DTPA-Gd outlined the inoculated tumor more clearly, and had much higher contrast enhancement for a much longer time than Magnevist. More importantly, the biodegradable FA-PEG-G2-DTPA-Gd gave much less Gd retentions in all the organs or tissues than non-degradable DCAs. Thus, the high efficiency in MRI contrast enhancement and low Gd retention merit it a promising CA for contrast enhanced tumor MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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30
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Winter MB, Klemm PJ, Phillips-Piro CM, Raymond KN, Marletta MA. Porphyrin-substituted H-NOX proteins as high-relaxivity MRI contrast agents. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:2277-9. [PMID: 23394479 DOI: 10.1021/ic302685h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heme proteins are exquisitely tuned to carry out diverse biological functions while employing identical heme cofactors. Although heme protein properties are often altered through modification of the protein scaffold, protein function can be greatly expanded and diversified through replacement of the native heme with an unnatural porphyrin of interest. Thus, porphyrin substitution in proteins affords new opportunities to rationally tailor heme protein chemical properties for new biological applications. Here, a highly thermally stable Heme Nitric oxide/OXygen binding (H-NOX) protein is evaluated as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. T1 and T2 relaxivities measured for the H-NOX protein containing its native heme are compared to the protein substituted with unnatural manganese(II/III) and gadolinium(III) porphyrins. H-NOX proteins are found to provide unique porphyrin coordination environments and have enhanced relaxivities compared to commercial small-molecule agents. Porphyrin substitution is a promising strategy to encapsulate MRI-active metals in heme protein scaffolds for future imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Winter
- Department of Chemistry, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3220, United States
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31
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Huang CH, Nwe K, Zaki AA, Brechbiel MW, Tsourkas A. Biodegradable polydisulfide dendrimer nanoclusters as MRI contrast agents. ACS NANO 2012; 6:9416-24. [PMID: 23098069 PMCID: PMC3508381 DOI: 10.1021/nn304160p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium-conjugated dendrimer nanoclusters (DNCs) are a promising platform for the early detection of disease; however, their clinical utility is potentially limited due to safety concerns related to nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). In this paper, biodegradable DNCs were prepared with polydisulfide linkages between the individual dendrimers to facilitate excretion. Further, DNCs were labeled with premetalated Gd chelates to eliminate the risk of free Gd becoming entrapped in dendrimer cavities. The biodegradable polydisulfide DNCs possessed a circulation half-life of >1.6 h in mice and produced significant contrast enhancement in the abdominal aorta and kidneys for as long as 4 h. The DNCs were reduced in circulation as a result of thiol-disulfide exchange, and the degradation products were rapidly excreted via renal filtration. These agents demonstrated effective and prolonged in vivo contrast enhancement and yet minimized Gd tissue retention. Biodegradable polydisulfide DNCs represent a promising biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agent for magnetic resonance angiography and can potentially be further developed into target-specific MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hui Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kido Nwe
- Radioimmune Inorganic Chemistry Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ajlan Al Zaki
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radioimmune Inorganic Chemistry Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Andrew Tsourkas 210 S. 33rd Street 240 Skirkanich Hall Philadelphia, PA 19104 Phone: 215-898-8167 Fax: 215-573-2071
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Andolina CM, Klemm PJ, Floyd WC, Fréchet JMJ, Raymond KN. Analysis of Lanthanide Complex Dendrimer Conjugates for Bimodal NIR and MRI Imaging. Macromolecules 2012; 45:8982-8990. [PMID: 23226878 DOI: 10.1021/ma302206g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advances in clinical diagnostic instrumentation have enabled some imaging modalities to be run concurrently. For diagnostic purposes, multimodal imaging can allow for rapid location and accurate identification of a patient's illness. The paramagnetic and near Infra-red (NIR) properties of Dy(III) and Yb(III) are interesting candidates for the development of bimodal NIR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. To enhance their intrinsic bimodal properties, these lanthanides were chelated using the hexadentate-all-oxygen-donor-ligand TREN-bis-(1-Me)-3,2-HOPO-TAM-NX (NX, where X = 1, 2 or 3) and subsequently conjugated to the esteramide dendrimer (EA), to improve bioavailability, solubility, and relaxivity. Of these new complexes synthesized and evaluated, DyN1-EA had the largest ionic T(1) relaxivity, 7.60 mM(-1) s(-1), while YbN3-EA had the largest ionic T(2) relaxivity with a NIR quantum yield of 0.17 % when evaluated in mouse serum. This is the first Yb(III) bimodal NIR/T(2) MRI contrast agent of its kind evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Andolina
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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33
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Lowell AN, Qiao H, Liu T, Ishikawa T, Zhang H, Oriana S, Wang M, Ricciotti E, FitzGerald GA, Zhou R, Yamakoshi Y. Functionalized low-density lipoprotein nanoparticles for in vivo enhancement of atherosclerosis on magnetic resonance images. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:2313-9. [PMID: 23075169 DOI: 10.1021/bc300561e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To allow visualization of macrophage-rich and miniature-sized atheromas by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, we have converted low-density lipoprotein (LDL) into MR-active nanoparticles via the intercalation of a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclodecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (DO3A) derivative and the subsequent coordination reaction with Gd(3+). After careful removal of nonchelated Gd(3+), an MR-active LDL (Gd(3+)-LDL) with a remarkably high payload of Gd(3+) (in excess of 200 Gd(3+) atoms per particle) and a high relaxivity (r(1) = 20.1 s(-1) mM(-1) per Gd(3+) or 4040 s(-1) mM(-1) per LDL) was obtained. Dynamic light-scattering photon correlation spectroscopy (DLS) and cryo transmission electron microscope (cryoTEM) images showed that Gd(3+)-LDL particles did not aggregate and remained of a similar size (25-30 nm) to native LDL. Intravenous injection of Gd(3+)-LDL into an atherosclerotic mouse model (ApoE(-/-)) resulted in an extremely high enhancement of the atheroma-bearing aortic walls at 48 h after injection. Free Gd(3+) dissociation from Gd(3+)-LDL was not detected over the imaging time window (96 h). Because autologous LDL can be isolated, modified, and returned to the same patient, our results suggest that MR-active LDL can potentially be used as a noninfectious and nonimmunogenic imaging probe for the enhancement of atheroplaques presumably via the uptake into macrophages inside the plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Lowell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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34
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Liu Y, Zhang N. Gadolinium loaded nanoparticles in theranostic magnetic resonance imaging. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5363-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Yang CT, Chuang KH. Gd(iii) chelates for MRI contrast agents: from high relaxivity to “smart”, from blood pool to blood–brain barrier permeable. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Chen ML, Gao S, Zhou ZH. Isolations and characterization of highly water-soluble dimeric lanthanide citrate and malate with ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:1202-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11466b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Nwe K, Milenic DE, Ray GL, Kim YS, Brechbiel MW. Preparation of cystamine core dendrimer and antibody-dendrimer conjugates for MRI angiography. Mol Pharm 2011; 9:374-81. [PMID: 21882823 DOI: 10.1021/mp2003219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the preparation along with the in vivo and in vitro MRI characterization of two generation four and five cystamine core dendrimers loaded with thirty and fifty-eight derivatized Gd-DOTA (G4SS30, G5SS58) respectively. Likewise the development and characterization of two half-dendrimers conjugated to the F(ab')(2) fragment of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) panitumumab functionalized with a maleimide conjugation functional group site (Ab-(G4S15)(4), Ab-(G5S29)(4)) are also described. The in vitro molar relaxivity of the Ab-(G4S15)(4) conjugate, measured at pH 7.4, 22 °C, and 3T showed a moderate increase in relaxivity as compared to Magnevist (6.7 vs 4.0 mM(-1) s(-1)) while the Ab-(G5S29)(4) conjugate was 2-fold higher (9.1 vs 4.0 mM(-1) s(-1)). The data showed that only a high injection dose (0.050 mmol Gd(3+)/kg) produced a detectable contrast enhanced contrast for the Ab-(G4S15)(4) conjugate while a lower dose (0.035 mmol Gd(3+)/kg) was sufficient for the Ab-(G5S29)(4) conjugate. The antibody-SMCC conjugate was purified by a Sephadex G-100 column, and the antibody-dendrimer-based agents were purified by spin filtration using a Centricon filter (50,000 MCO). The protein assay coupled with cysteine and Ellman's assay indicated an antibody to dendrimer ratio of 1:4. The in vivo blood clearance half-lives of the four agents measured at the jugular vein were ~12-22 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kido Nwe
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Waukau J, Woodliff J, Glisic S. Human in vitro suppression as screening tool for the recognition of an early state of immune imbalance. J Vis Exp 2011:3071. [PMID: 21808226 DOI: 10.3791/3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical mediators of immune tolerance to self-antigens. In addition, they are crucial regulators of the immune response following an infection. Despite efforts to identify unique surface marker on Tregs, the only unique feature is their ability to suppress the proliferation and function of effector T cells. While it is clear that only in vitro assays can be used in assessing human Treg function, this becomes problematic when assessing the results from cross-sectional studies where healthy cells and cells isolated from subjects with autoimmune diseases (like Type 1 Diabetes-T1D) need to be compared. There is a great variability among laboratories in the number and type of responder T cells, nature and strength of stimulation, Treg:responder ratios and the number and type of antigen-presenting cells (APC) used in human in vitro suppression assays. This variability makes comparison between studies measuring Treg function difficult. The Treg field needs a standardized suppression assay that will work well with both healthy subjects and those with autoimmune diseases. We have developed an in vitro suppression assay that shows very little intra-assay variability in the stimulation of T cells isolated from healthy volunteers compared to subjects with underlying autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The main goal of this piece is to describe an in vitro human suppression assay that allows comparison between different subject groups. Additionally, this assay has the potential to delineate a small loss in nTreg function and anticipate further loss in the future, thus identifying subjects who could benefit from preventive immunomodulatory therapy. Below, we provide thorough description of the steps involved in this procedure. We hope to contribute to the standardization of the in vitro suppression assay used to measure Treg function. In addition, we offer this assay as a tool to recognize an early state of immune imbalance and a potential functional biomarker for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Waukau
- Department of Pediatrics/Allergy, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
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Averill DJ, Garcia J, Siriwardena-Mahanama BN, Vithanarachchi SM, Allen MJ. Preparation, purification, and characterization of lanthanide complexes for use as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. J Vis Exp 2011:2844. [PMID: 21808225 DOI: 10.3791/2844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyaminopolycarboxylate-based ligands are commonly used to chelate lanthanide ions, and the resulting complexes are useful as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Many commercially available ligands are especially useful because they contain functional groups that allow for fast, high-purity, and high-yielding conjugation to macromolecules and biomolecules via amine-reactive activated esters and isothiocyanate groups or thiol-reactive maleimides. While metalation of these ligands is considered common knowledge in the field of bioconjugation chemistry, subtle differences in metalation procedures must be taken into account when selecting metal starting materials. Furthermore, multiple options for purification and characterization exist, and selection of the most effective procedure partially depends on the selection of starting materials. These subtle differences are often neglected in published protocols. Here, our goal is to demonstrate common methods for metalation, purification, and characterization of lanthanide complexes that can be used as contrast agents for MRI (Figure 1). We expect that this publication will enable biomedical scientists to incorporate lanthanide complexation reactions into their repertoire of commonly used reactions by easing the selection of starting materials and purification methods.
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Fernández-Trillo F, Pacheco-Torres J, Correa J, Ballesteros P, Lopez-Larrubia P, Cerdán S, Riguera R, Fernandez-Megia E. Dendritic MRI Contrast Agents: An Efficient Prelabeling Approach Based on CuAAC. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2902-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm2004466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fernández-Trillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Juan Correa
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Sebastián Cerdán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Riguera
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Megia
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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41
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Nwe K, Milenic D, Bryant LH, Regino CAS, Brechbiel MW. Preparation, characterization and in vivo assessment of Gd-albumin and Gd-dendrimer conjugates as intravascular contrast-enhancing agents for MRI. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:722-7. [PMID: 21463567 PMCID: PMC3081896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report in vivo and in vitro MRI properties of six gadolinium-dendrimer and gadolinium-albumin conjugates of derivatized acyclic diethylenetriamine-N,N',N',N″, N″-pentaacetic acid (1B4M) and macrocyclic 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid (C-DOTA). The three albumin-based agents have comparable protein to chelate ratios (1:16-18) as well as molar relaxivity (8.8-10.4 mM(-1) s(-1)). The three dendrimer based agents have blood clearance half-lives ranging from 17 to 66 min while that of the three albumin-based agents are comparable to one another (40-47 min). The dynamic image obtained from use of the albumin conjugate based on the macrocycle (C-DOTA) showed a higher contrast compared to the remaining two albumin based agents. Our conclusion from all of the results is that the macrocyclic-based (DOTA) agents are more suitable than the acyclic-based (1B4M) agent for in vivo use based on their MRI properties combined with the kinetic inertness property associated with the more stable Gd(III) DOTA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kido Nwe
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Diane Milenic
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - L. Henry Bryant
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Radiology Research (CC), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Celeste A. S. Regino
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Floyd WC, Klemm PJ, Smiles DE, Kohlgruber AC, Pierre VC, Mynar JL, Fréchet JMJ, Raymond KN. Conjugation effects of various linkers on Gd(III) MRI contrast agents with dendrimers: optimizing the hydroxypyridinonate (HOPO) ligands with nontoxic, degradable esteramide (EA) dendrimers for high relaxivity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2390-3. [PMID: 21294571 DOI: 10.1021/ja110582e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One essential requirement for more sensitive gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents is to slow the molecular tumbling of the gadolinium(III) ion, which increases the gadolinium's relaxivity (i.e., its ability to speed up the NMR relaxation of nearby water molecules). One route to this is through conjugation to high-molecular-weight polymers such as dendrimers. In this work, amine-functionalized TREN-bis(1,2-HOPO)-TAM-ethylamine and TREN-bis(1-Me-3,2-HOPO)-TAM-ethylamine ligands have been synthesized and attached to biocompatible 40 kDa esteramide (EA)- and poly-l-lysine (PLL)-based dendrimers capable of binding up to eight gadolinium complexes. These conjugates have T(1) relaxivities of up to 38.14 ± 0.02 mM(-1) s(-1) per gadolinium at 37 °C, corresponding to relaxivities of up to 228 mM(-1) s(-1) per dendrimer molecule. This relaxivity expressed on a "per Gd" basis is several times that of the small-molecule complexes and an order of magnitude higher than that of current commercial agents. Because of their high performance and low toxicity, these macromolecules may constitute an attractive complement to currently available gadolinium(III)-based contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Floyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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