1
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Jones SP, Firth JD, Wheldon MC, Atobe M, Hubbard RE, Blakemore DC, De Fusco C, Lucas SCC, Roughley SD, Vidler LR, Whatton MA, Woolford AJA, Wrigley GL, O'Brien P. Exploration of piperidine 3D fragment chemical space: synthesis and 3D shape analysis of fragments derived from 20 regio- and diastereoisomers of methyl substituted pipecolinates. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1614-1620. [PMID: 36545433 PMCID: PMC9749955 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00239f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery is now widely adopted for lead generation in the pharmaceutical industry. However, fragment screening collections are often predominantly populated with flat, 2D molecules. Herein, we report the synthesis of piperidine-based 3D fragment building blocks - 20 regio- and diastereoisomers of methyl substituted pipecolinates using simple and general synthetic methods. cis-Piperidines, accessed through a pyridine hydrogenation were transformed into their trans-diastereoisomers using conformational control and unified reaction conditions. Additionally, diastereoselective lithiation/trapping was utilised to access trans-piperidines. Analysis of a virtual library of fragments derived from the 20 cis- and trans-disubstituted piperidines showed that it consisted of 3D molecules with suitable molecular properties to be used in fragment-based drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Paul Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - James D. Firth
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Mary C. Wheldon
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Masakazu Atobe
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK,Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation632-1 Mifuku, IzunokuniShizuoka 410-2321Japan
| | - Roderick E. Hubbard
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK,Vernalis (R&D) Ltd.Granta Park, AbingtonCambridgeCB21 6GBUK
| | | | - Claudia De Fusco
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Synthetic Modalities13353BerlinGermany
| | - Simon C. C. Lucas
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZenecaCambridgeCB4 0WGUK
| | | | - Lewis R. Vidler
- Amphista TherapeuticsThe Cori Building, Granta Park, Great AbingtonCambridge CB21 6GQUK
| | - Maria Ann Whatton
- Evotec (UK) LtdDorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Campus, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, AbingdonOxonOX14 4RZUK
| | | | | | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
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2
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Mak VW, Patel AM, Yen R, Hanisak J, Lim YH, Bao J, Zheng R, Seganish WM, Yu Y, Healy DR, Ogawa A, Ren Z, Soriano A, Ermakov GP, Beaumont M, Metwally E, Cheng AC, Verras A, Fischmann T, Zebisch M, Silvestre HL, McEwan PA, Barker J, Rearden P, Greshock TJ. Optimization and Mechanistic Investigations of Novel Allosteric Activators of PKG1α. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10318-10340. [PMID: 35878399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of PKG1α is a compelling strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. As the main effector of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), activation of PKG1α induces smooth muscle relaxation in blood vessels, lowers pulmonary blood pressure, prevents platelet aggregation, and protects against cardiac stress. The development of activators has been mostly limited to cGMP mimetics and synthetic peptides. Described herein is the optimization of a piperidine series of small molecules to yield activators that demonstrate in vitro phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein as well as antiproliferative effects in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry experiments with the small molecule activators revealed a mechanism of action consistent with cGMP-induced activation, and an X-ray co-crystal structure with a construct encompassing the regulatory domains illustrated a binding mode in an allosteric pocket proximal to the low-affinity cyclic nucleotide-binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Mak
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Akash M Patel
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rose Yen
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jennifer Hanisak
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yeon-Hee Lim
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jianming Bao
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Ionova Life Science, Shenzhen 518122, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- IDSU, Wuxi AppTec Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - W Michael Seganish
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yang Yu
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - David R Healy
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Aimie Ogawa
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhao Ren
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aileen Soriano
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysics, Computation and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Grigori P Ermakov
- PPDM Discovery Bioanalytics, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maribel Beaumont
- PPDM Discovery Bioanalytics, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Essam Metwally
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alan C Cheng
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andreas Verras
- Schrodinger Inc., 120 West 45th Street, 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036-4041, United States.,Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Thierry Fischmann
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Matthias Zebisch
- Evotec (UK) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - H Leonardo Silvestre
- Evotec (UK) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Paul A McEwan
- Evotec (UK) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - John Barker
- Evotec (UK) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Paul Rearden
- DMPK, Recursion Pharmaceuticals, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101, United States.,PPDM, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas J Greshock
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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3
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Townley C, McMurray L, Marsden SP, Nelson A. A unified "top-down" approach for the synthesis of diverse lead-like molecular scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 62:128631. [PMID: 35181466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A "top-down" synthetic approach enabled the step-efficient synthesis of 21 diverse novel molecular scaffolds. The scaffolds were derived from four complex intermediates that had been prepared using cycloaddition chemistry. Scaffold-hopping of these intermediates was achieved through attachment of an additional ring, ring cleavage, ring expansion and/or ring fusion. It was shown that the resulting scaffolds could be decorated to yield diverse lead-like screening compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Townley
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay McMurray
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Marsden
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
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4
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Junaid M, Akter Y, Siddika A, Nayeem SMA, Nahrin A, Afrose SS, Ezaj MMA, Alam MS. Nature-derived hit, lead, and drug-like small molecules: Current status and future aspects against key target proteins of Coronaviruses. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:498-549. [PMID: 34353257 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210805113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic, the most unprecedented event of the year 2020, has brought millions of scientists worldwide in a single platform to fight against it. Though several drugs are now in the clinical trial, few vaccines available on the market already but the lack of an effect of those is making the situation worse. AIM OF THE STUDY In this review, we demonstrated comprehensive data of natural antiviral products showing activities against different proteins of Human Coronaviruses (HCoV) that are responsible for its pathogenesis. Furthermore, we categorized the compounds into the hit, lead, and drug based on the IC50/EC50 value, drug-likeness, and lead-likeness test to portray their potentiality to be a drug. We also demonstrated the present status of our screened antiviral compounds with respect to clinical trials and reported the lead compounds that can be promoted to clinical trial against COVID-19. METHODS A systematic search strategy was employed focusing on Natural Products (NPs) with proven activity (in vitro, in vivo, or in silico) against human coronaviruses, in general, and data were gathered from databases like PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SciVerse, and Scopus. Information regarding clinical trials retrieved from the Clinical Trial database. RESULTS Total "245" natural compounds were identified initially from the literature study. Among them, Glycyrrhizin, Caffeic acid, Curcumin is in phase 3, and Tetrandrine, Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, Everolimus are in phase 4 clinical trial. Except for Glycyrrhizin, all compounds showed activity against COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our demonstrated specific small molecules with lead and drug-like capabilities clarified their position in the drug discovery pipeline and proposed their future research against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Junaid
- Natural Products Research Division, Advanced Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Data Science Laboratory. Bangladesh
| | - Yeasmin Akter
- Natural Products Research Division, Advanced Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Data Science Laboratory. Bangladesh
| | - Aysha Siddika
- Natural Products Research Division, Advanced Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Data Science Laboratory. Bangladesh
| | - S M Abdul Nayeem
- Natural Products Research Division, Advanced Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Data Science Laboratory. Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Nahrin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong. Bangladesh
| | - Syeda Samira Afrose
- Natural Products Research Division, Advanced Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Data Science Laboratory. Bangladesh
| | - Md Muzahid Ahmed Ezaj
- Natural Products Research Division, Advanced Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Data Science Laboratory. Bangladesh
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5
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Gomez-Angel AR, Donald JR, Firth JD, De Fusco C, Ian Storer R, Cox DJ, O’Brien P. Synthesis and functionalisation of a bifunctional normorphan 3D building block for medicinal chemistry. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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6
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7
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Rice S, Cox DJ, Marsden SP, Nelson A. Efficient unified synthesis of diverse bridged polycyclic scaffolds using a complexity-generating 'stitching' annulation approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:599-602. [PMID: 33345263 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06975b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective and stereospecific directed C-H arylation of simple amine substrates, and cyclisation, delivered 30 diverse, three-dimensional scaffolds. The unified approach significantly expanded the range of bridged ring systems that contain both a nitrogen atom and an aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Rice
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Daniel J Cox
- Redbrick Molecular, The Innovation Centre, 217 Portobello, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK
| | | | - Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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8
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9
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Rice S, Cox DJ, Marsden SP, Nelson A. Unified synthesis of diverse building blocks for application in the discovery of bioactive small molecules. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Luise N, Wyatt EW, Tarver GJ, Wyatt PG. A Continuous Flow Strategy for the Facile Synthesis and Elaboration of Semi-Saturated Heterobicyclic Fragments. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Luise
- Drug Discovery Unit; School of Life Sciences; University of Dundee; Dow Street 5EH Dundee, DD1 Scotland, UK
| | - Eleanor W. Wyatt
- Drug Discovery Unit; School of Life Sciences; University of Dundee; Dow Street 5EH Dundee, DD1 Scotland, UK
| | - Gary J. Tarver
- Drug Discovery Unit; School of Life Sciences; University of Dundee; Dow Street 5EH Dundee, DD1 Scotland, UK
| | - Paul G. Wyatt
- Drug Discovery Unit; School of Life Sciences; University of Dundee; Dow Street 5EH Dundee, DD1 Scotland, UK
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11
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Mayol-Llinàs J, Farnaby W, Nelson A. Modular synthesis of thirty lead-like scaffolds suitable for CNS drug discovery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:12345-12348. [PMID: 29099137 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06078e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A modular synthetic approach was developed that yielded thirty diverse lead-like scaffolds suitable for CNS drug discovery.
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12
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Piperidines: Functionalization of Preexisting Ring Systems. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Rainoldi G, Faltracco M, Spatti C, Silvani A, Lesma G. Organocatalytic Access to Enantioenriched Spirooxindole-Based 4-Methyleneazetidines. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112016. [PMID: 29160827 PMCID: PMC6150293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis of enantioenriched spiro compounds, incorporating the azetidine and the oxindole motifs. The preparation relies on a formal [2 + 2] annulation reaction of isatin-derived N-tert-butylsulfonyl ketimines with allenoates. The asymmetric induction is secured by an organocatalytic strategy, exploiting a bifunctional cinchona-type β-isocupridine-based catalyst. Some post-transformation products, including unexpected spiropyrroline and 3,3-disubstituted oxindole derivatives, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rainoldi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Faltracco
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules Medicines & Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Claudia Spatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Silvani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giordano Lesma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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14
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Baud LG, Manning MA, Arkless HL, Stephens TC, Unsworth WP. Ring-Expansion Approach to Medium-Sized Lactams and Analysis of Their Medicinal Lead-Like Properties. Chemistry 2017; 23:2225-2230. [PMID: 27935197 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Medium-sized rings are widely considered to be under-represented in biological screening libraries for lead identification in medicinal chemistry. To help address this, a library of medium-sized lactams has been generated by using a simple, scalable and versatile ring-expansion protocol. Analysis of the library by using open-access computational tool LLAMA suggested that these lactams and their derivatives have highly promising physicochemical and 3D spatial properties and thus have much potential in drug discovery.
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15
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Foley DJ, Nelson A, Marsden SP. Evaluating New Chemistry to Drive Molecular Discovery: Fit for Purpose? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13650-13657. [PMID: 27573303 PMCID: PMC5113762 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As our understanding of the impact of specific molecular properties on applications in discovery-based disciplines improves, the extent to which published synthetic methods meet (or do not meet) desirable criteria is ever clearer. Herein, we show how the application of simple (and in many cases freely available) computational tools can be used to develop a semiquantitative understanding of the potential of new methods to support molecular discovery. This analysis can, among other things, inform the design of improved substrate scoping studies; direct the prioritization of specific exemplar structures for synthesis; and substantiate claims of potential future applications for new methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Foley
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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16
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Evaluierung neuer Reaktionen zur Steuerung der Wirkstoff-Forschung: ein Eignungstest. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Prevet H, Flipo M, Roussel P, Deprez B, Willand N. Microwave-assisted synthesis of functionalized spirohydantoins as 3-D privileged fragments for scouting the chemical space. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Chambers SJ, Coulthard G, Unsworth WP, O'Brien P, Taylor RJK. From Heteroaromatic Acids and Imines to Azaspirocycles: Stereoselective Synthesis and 3D Shape Analysis. Chemistry 2016; 22:6496-500. [PMID: 26918778 PMCID: PMC5071705 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heteroaromatic carboxylic acids have been directly coupled with imines using propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P) and NEt(iPr)2 to form azaspirocycles via intermediate N-acyliminium ions. Spirocyclic indolenines (3H-indoles), azaindolenines, 2H-pyrroles and 3H-pyrroles were all accessed using this metal-free approach. The reactions typically proceed with high diastereoselectivity and 3D shape analysis confirms that the products formed occupy areas of chemical space that are under-represented in existing drugs and high throughput screening libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
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19
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Colomer I, Empson CJ, Craven P, Owen Z, Doveston RG, Churcher I, Marsden SP, Nelson A. A divergent synthetic approach to diverse molecular scaffolds: assessment of lead-likeness using LLAMA, an open-access computational tool. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7209-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03244c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
LLAMA was used to assess the lead-likeness of scaffolds prepared via complementary cyclisations of hex-2-ene-1,6-diamine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J. Empson
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology
| | - Philip Craven
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology
| | | | - Richard G. Doveston
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology
| | - Ian Churcher
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre
- Stevenage
- UK
| | | | - Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology
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20
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Rainoldi G, Faltracco M, Lo Presti L, Silvani A, Lesma G. Highly diastereoselective entry into chiral spirooxindole-based 4-methyleneazetidines via formal [2+2] annulation reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11575-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05838h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a diastereoselective, DABCO-catalyzed reaction of allenoates with chiral N-tert-butanesulfinyl ketimines derived from isatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Rainoldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | - M. Faltracco
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | - L. Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | - A. Silvani
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | - G. Lesma
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
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21
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Affron DP, Bull JA. Palladium-Catalyzed Directed C(sp 3)-H Arylation of Saturated Heterocycles at C-3 Using a Concise Optimization Approach. European J Org Chem 2016; 2016:139-149. [PMID: 26877706 PMCID: PMC4736452 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Saturated heterocycles, such as THFs, pyrrolidines, piperidines and THPs, are essential components of many biologically active compounds. Examples of C-H functionalization on these important ring systems remain scarce, especially at unactivated positions. Here we report the development of conditions for the palladium-catalyzed stereoselective C(sp3)-H arylation at unactivated 3-positions of 5- and 6-membered N- and O-heterocycles with aminoquinoline directing groups. Subtle differences in substrate structures altered their reactivity significantly; and different conditions were required to achieve high yields in each case. Successful conditions were developed using a short empirical optimization approach to cover reaction space with a limited set of variables. Excellent cis-selectivity was achieved in all cases, except for the THP substrate where minor trans-products were formed through a different palladacyclic intermediate. Here, differences in reactivity and selectivity with other directing groups were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P. Affron
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/people/j.bull
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/people/j.bull
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