Design, antiviral and cytostatic properties of isoxazolidine-containing amonafide analogues

Novel 1,8-Naphthalimide Derivatives As Antitumor Agents and Potent Demethylase Inhibitors

Functional 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives are rapidly developing in the field of anticancer research. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of naphthalimide derivatives with different substituents. Interestingly, 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives 1 and 7 inhibited a human demethylase FTO (the fat mass and obesity-associated protein). Computer simulation studies further indicated that 1 and 7 entered the FTO's structural domain II binding pocket through hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Anticancer mechanism studies showed that 1 and 7 induced DNA damage and autophagic cell death in A549 cells. The high antiproliferative activity of 1 and 7 was further confirmed by 3D multicellular A549 tumor spheroid assays. This study focuses on the cytotoxicity and mode of action of naphthalimide derivatives, which not only have potential anticancer activity but also are potent demethylase inhibitors.

A fluorescent probe based on phenothiazine for detection of ClO− with naked-eye color change properties

Hypochlorite (ClO^-) plays a key role in life systems and it is necessary to develop an effective detection method. In view of the significant advantages of the fluorescent probe, we have synthesized a naked-eye recognition fluorescent probe NNCF for the detection of ClO^- based on phenothiazine and naphthalimide. The probe NNCF is sensitive (LOD = 9.5 nM) and fast for ClO^- (within 30 s), and its Stokes shift is as large as 161 nm. In addition, the probe NNCF has been successfully used for imaging detection of exogenous ClO^- in MCF-7 cells with low toxicity.

N, Kumara K, Lokanath NK, Butcher RJ, Kumbar V, Bhat K. Copper(i) complexes with quinolone appended 1,8-naphthalimide conjugates: structural characterization, DNA and protein binding and cytotoxicity studies

Cytotoxicity, cellular uptake of copper(i) complexes containing 1,8-naphthalimide conjugates have been investigated.

Anticancer Activity and Topoisomerase II Inhibition of Naphthalimides with ω-Hydroxylalkylamine Side-Chains of Different Lengths

BACKGROUND

The substituted 1,8-Naphthalimides (1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)- diones) are known as DNA intercalators stabilizing DNA-Topoisomerase II complexes. This interaction disrupts the cleavage-relegation equilibrium of Topo II, resulting in formation of broken strands of DNA.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the influence of type of substituents and substitution positions in 1,8- naphthalimde skeleton on the inhibition of Topoisomerase II activity.

METHODS

The starting 1,8-naphthalimide were prepared from acenaphthene by introduction of appropriate substituents followed by condensation with ω-hydroxylakylamines of different chain length. The substituents were introduced to 1,8-naphthalimide molecule by nucleophilic substitution of leaving groups like nitro or bromo present in 4 or 4,5- positions using the ω- hydroxylalkylamines. The bioactivity of obtained compounds was examined in model cell lines.

RESULTS

Antiproliferative activity of selected compounds against HCT 116 human colon cancer cells, human non-small cell lung cells A549 and non-tumorigenic BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelium cells was examined. Several of investigated compounds exhibit a significant activity (IC50 µM to 7 µM) against model cancer cell lines. It was demonstrated that upon treatment with concentration of 200 µM, all derivatives display Topo II inhibitory activity, which may be compared with activity of Amonafide.

CONCLUSION

The replacement of the nitro groups in the chromophore slightly reduces its anticancer activities, whereas the presence of both nitro group and ω-hydroxylalkylamine chain resulted in seriously increased anticancer activity. Obtained compounds showed Topo II inhibitory activity, moreover, influence of the substitution pattern on the ability to inhibit Topo II activity and cancer cells proliferation was observed.

Advancement in the development of heterocyclic nucleosides for the treatment of cancer - A review

Cancer diseases are widely recognised as an important medical problem and killing millions of people in a year. Chemotherapeutic drugs are successful against cancer in many cases and different compounds, including the analogues of natural substances, may be used for anticancer agents. Nucleoside analogues also have become a necessity for the treatment of cancer diseases. Nucleoside, nucleotide and base analogues have been utilised for decades for the treatment of viral pathogens, neoplasms and in anticancer chemotherapy. This review focuses on the different types of nucleosides and their potential role as anticancer agents. It also discusses the nucleoside analogues approved by FDA and in process of approval. The effect of the substitution on the nucleoside analogues and their pharmacological role is also discussed in the review. Owing to the advances in computational chemistry, it concludes with the future advancement and possible outcome of the nucleoside analogues. Also, it depicts the development of heterocyclic nucleoside analogues, explores the QSAR of the synthesised compounds and discusses the 3 D QSAR pharmacophore modelling in order to examine their potential anti-cancer activities.

Cycloaddition reactions for antiviral compounds

Prominent in the current stage of drug development, antiviral compounds can be efficiently prepared through cycloaddition reactions. The chapter reports the use of classical Diels–Alder and their hetero version for the design and synthesis of compounds that were tested for their antiviral activities against a variety of viruses. Furthermore, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of selected 1,3-dipoles, such as azides, nitrones, and nitrile oxides, are reviewed in the light of their application in the preparation of key intermediates for antiviral synthesis. A few examples of [2+2] cycloaddition reactions are also presented. The products obtained from these pericyclic reaction approaches were all tested for their activities in terms of blocking the virus replication, and the relevant biological data are highlighted.

Additive-free regio- and diastereoselective construction of fully-substituted isoxazolidines employing diazo compounds

An efficient additive-free three-component access to densely functionalized isoxazolidines using diazo compounds, nitrosoarene, and allenic esters has been uncovered.

Design and synthesis of DNA-intercalative naphthalimide-benzothiazole/cinnamide derivatives: cytotoxicity evaluation and topoisomerase-IIα inhibition

A new series of different naphthalimide-benzothiazole/cinnamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity on selected human cancer cell lines. Among them, derivatives 4a and 4b with the 6-aminobenzothiazole ring and 5g with the cinnamide ring displayed potent cytotoxic activity against colon (IC₅₀: 3.715 and 3.467 μM) and lung cancer (IC₅₀: 4.074 and 3.890 μM) cell lines when compared to amonafide (IC₅₀: 5.459 and 7.762 μM). Later, the DNA binding studies for these selected derivatives (by CD, UV/vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, DNA viscosity, and molecular docking) suggested that these new derivatives significantly intercalate between two strands of DNA. In addition, the most potent derivatives 4a and 4b were also found to inhibit DNA topoisomerase-II.

l,8-Naphthalimide based DNA intercalators and anticancer agents. A systematic review from 2007 to 2017

In this review, we describe a detailed investigation about the structural variations and relative activity of 1,8-naphthalimide based intercalators and anticancer agents. The 1,8-naphthalimides binds to the DNA via intercalation, and exert their antitumor activities through Topoisomerase I/II inhibition, photoinduced DNA damage or related mechanism. Here, our discussion focused on works published over the last ten years (2007-2017) related to therapeutic applications, in the order of cancer treatment followed by other properties of 1,8-naphthalimides. In preparing for this review, we considered that several seminal reviews have appeared over the last fifteen years and focused on closely related subjects, however, none of them is exhaustive.

Design, Synthesis and Bioactivities of Novel Isoxazole-Containing Pyrazole Oxime Derivatives

In this study, in order to find novel biologically active pyrazole oxime derivatives, twenty-eight new pyrazole oxime compounds containing a substituted isoxazole ring were synthesized and evaluated for their acaricidaland insecticidal activities. Bioassays exhibited that some target compounds indicated good acaricidal and insecticidal activities against Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Aphis medicaginis, Mythimna separata, and Nilaparvata lugens. Especially, compounds 9c, 9h, 9u, and 9v showed 100.00%, 90.56%, 90.78%, and 90.62% insecticidal activities against A. medicaginis at the concentration of 20 μg/mL, respectively, compounds 9k and 9u had 70.86% and 100.00% insecticidal activities against M. separata at 20 μg/mL, respectively.

Stereoselective Synthesis of Isoxazolidines via Copper-Catalyzed Alkene Diamination

A convenient copper-catalyzed intramolecular/intermolecular alkene diamination reaction to synthesize 3-aminomethyl-functionalized isoxazolidines under mild reaction conditions and with generally high levels of diastereoselectivity was achieved. This reaction demonstrates that previously underutilized unsaturated carbamates are good [Cu]-catalyzed diamination substrates. Sulfonamides, anilines, benzamide, morpholine, and piperidine can serve as the external amine source. This relatively broad amine range is attributed to the mild reaction conditions. Reduction of the N-O bond could also be achieved, revealing the corresponding 3,4-diamino-1-alcohols efficiently.

1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions with meso-tetraarylchlorins – site selectivity and mixed bisadducts

Mixed bisadducts resulting from the sequential addition of a nitrone and an azomethine ylide to the porphyrin macrocycle were efficiently obtained, in a site selective approach.