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Ma L, Li M, Zhang Y, Liu K. Recent advances of antitumor leading compound Erianin: Mechanisms of action and structural modification. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115844. [PMID: 37804769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Erianin, a bioactive compound extracted from Dendrobium, a traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits remarkable anti-cancer properties through diverse molecular mechanisms and has attracted the attention of medicinal chemists. However, the low solubility in water, rapid metabolism and elimination from the body lead to poor bioavailability of Erianin, and greatly hinder its clinical application. The development of new Erianin derivatives is continuously proceed to improve its anticancer effects. In recent years, although important progress in the development of Erianin and the publication of some reviews in this aspect, the mechanism against various cancers, pharmacokinetic study, structural modification as well as structure-activity relationships have not been thoroughly considered. This review is aimed at providing complete picture regarding the above aspects by reviewing studies from 2000 to 2023.06. This review also supplies some important viewpoints on the design and future directions for the development of Erianin derivatives as possible clinically effective anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ma
- Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Menglong Li
- Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yueteng Zhang
- Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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Comprehensive analysis of novel prognosis-related proteomic signature effectively improve risk stratification and precision treatment for patients with cervical cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:903-917. [PMID: 35713693 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common types of malignant female cancer, and its incidence and mortality are not optimistic. Protein panels can be a powerful prognostic factor for many types of cancer. The purpose of our study was to investigate a proteomic panel to predict the survival of patients with common CC. METHODS AND RESULTS The protein expression and clinicopathological data of CC were downloaded from The Cancer Proteome Atlas and The Cancer Genome Atlas database, respectively. We selected the prognosis-related proteins (PRPs) by univariate Cox regression analysis and found that the results of functional enrichment analysis were mainly related to apoptosis. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression analysis further to screen PRPs to establish a prognostic model, including BCL2, SMAD3, and 4EBP1-pT70. The signature was verified to be independent predictors of OS by Cox regression analysis and the area under curves. Nomogram and subgroup classification were established based on the signature to verify its clinical application. Furthermore, we looked for the co-expressed proteins of three-protein panel as potential prognostic proteins. CONCLUSION A proteomic signature independently predicted OS of CC patients, and the predictive ability was better than the clinicopathological characteristics. This signature can help improve prediction for clinical outcome and provides new targets for CC treatment.
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Zhang N, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Ji J. Proguanil and atovaquone use is associated with lower colorectal cancer risk: a nationwide cohort study. BMC Med 2022; 20:439. [PMID: 36357883 PMCID: PMC9650910 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) are at a high risk of developing CRC. Preclinical studies suggest that the anti-malaria drug proguanil and atovaquone might play a role in preventing CRC, but population-based evidence is still lacking. METHODS By accessing a couple of nationwide Swedish registers, we performed a cohort study to explore whether using proguanil and atovaquone might associate with a lower risk of CRC by adopting a new-user study design. Adults who have 1 or more first-degree relatives (parents or siblings) diagnosed with CRC were identified and linked with the Prescribed Drug Register to evaluate their administration history of proguanil and atovaquone. Survival analysis of the time to CRC diagnosis with Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 16,817 incident proguanil/atovaquone users were identified and matched with 168,170 comparisons, who did not use proguanil/atovaquone, on the ratio of 1:10. We found a significant negative association between proguanil/atovaquone use and risk of CRC (adjusted HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62-0.93). Test for trend showed significant dose- and duration-response correlations (P < 0.001). The association was more pronounced in CRC diagnosed at an advanced stage than at an early stage (adjusted HR, 0.69 vs.0.81). CONCLUSIONS This national-wide population-based cohort study showed that the use of proguanil and atovaquone was associated with a reduced risk of CRC among individuals with a family history of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiqi Zhang
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.,Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.,Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Jianguang Ji
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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Xiao D, Hu X, Peng M, Deng J, Zhou S, Xu S, Wu J, Yang X. Inhibitory role of proguanil on the growth of bladder cancer via enhancing EGFR degradation and inhibiting its downstream signaling pathway to induce autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:499. [PMID: 35614042 PMCID: PMC9132982 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A major reason for the high mortality of patients with bladder cancer (BC) is that chemotherapy and surgery are only effective for very limited patients. Thus, developing novel treatment options becomes an urgent need for improving clinical outcomes and the quality of life for BC patients. Here, we demonstrated that proguanil significantly inhibited the growth of BC in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, our results indicated that the sensitivity of BC cells to proguanil is positively correlated with the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Mechanistically, proguanil specifically targeted EGFR and promoted EGFR binding to Caveolin-1, enhanced its endocytosis in a Clathrin-independent manner, and then recruited c-Cbl to promote EGFR ubiquitination and degradation through the lysosomal pathway. Further studies suggested that proguanil induced autophagy by destabilizing EGFR and inhibiting its downstream signaling pathway. Thus, this study reveals the novel mechanism of proguanil on anticancer activity and implies the potential benefits of this drug in the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiao
- grid.411427.50000 0001 0089 3695Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xin Hu
- grid.411427.50000 0001 0089 3695Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Mei Peng
- grid.411427.50000 0001 0089 3695Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jun Deng
- grid.411427.50000 0001 0089 3695Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Sichun Zhou
- grid.411427.50000 0001 0089 3695Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Simeng Xu
- grid.411427.50000 0001 0089 3695Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jingtao Wu
- grid.411427.50000 0001 0089 3695Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- grid.411427.50000 0001 0089 3695Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.411427.50000 0001 0089 3695Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan China
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Wang W, Xiao D, Zhou S, Xu S, Tang X, Zhou X, Liu J, Xu C, Peng M, Yang X. Synthesis, Anticancer Activities, and Mechanism of N-Heptyl-Containing Biguanide Derivatives. Med Chem 2022; 18:895-902. [PMID: 35142271 DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220210111458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the anticancer effects of biguanide drugs have received considerable attention. However, the effective concentration of biguanide drugs to kill cancer cells is relative high. Thus, we focus on structural modification of biguanides to obtain better antitumor candidates. Previous study in our laboratory has found that a biguanide compound containing n-heptyl group has the potent anticancer activity. However, the effect of different substituents on the benzene ring side of the biguanides on the anti-proliferative activity is unknown. OBJECTIVE A series of n-heptyl-containing biguanide derivatives whose benzene rings were modified by halogen substitution based on the intermediate derivatization method were further synthesized to find new compounds with improved antiproliferative activities. METHOD Ten n-heptyl-containing biguanide derivatives were synthesized via established chemical procedures. The activities of these derivatives were explored by MTT assay, clonogenic assay, and scratch assay. The protein levels were detected via Western blotting to explore the mechanisms underlying. RESULTS The optimal biguanide derivatives 10a-10c, 11d exhibited IC50 values of 2.21-9.59µΜ for five human cancer cell lines, significantly better than the control drug proguanil. The results of clonogenic and scratch wound healing assays also confirmed the inhibitory effects of derivatives 10a-10c, 11d on the proliferation and migration of human cancer cell lines. Western blot results demonstrated that one representative derivative, 10c upregulates AMPK signal pathway and downregulates mTOR/4EBP1/p70S6K. CONCLUSION All biguanide derivatives containing n-heptyl group are more active than proguanil, indicating that the modification of n-heptyl-containing biguanide derivatives provides a novel approach for the development of novel high efficient antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Changde Vocational Technical College, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Di Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sichun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Simeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang Hunan, China
| | - Xinchong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cangcang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Cao Y, Xu S, Xu C, Xiao D, Chen Z, Wang W, Wang Z, Yang X. Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Mechanism of Phenformin Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education Department of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hunan Normal University Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Simeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education Department of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hunan Normal University Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Cangcang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education Department of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hunan Normal University Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Di Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education Department of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hunan Normal University Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Zhuliang Chen
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory Innovative Material Medical Research Institute School of Pharmacy Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha Hunan China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory Innovative Material Medical Research Institute School of Pharmacy Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha Hunan China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education Department of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hunan Normal University Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education Department of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hunan Normal University Changsha, Hunan China
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Xu S, Cao Y, Luo Y, Xiao D, Wang W, Wang Z, Yang X. Synthesis, Anti-Proliferative Evaluation and Mechanism of 4-Trifluoro Methoxy Proguanil Derivatives with Various Carbon Chain Length. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195775. [PMID: 34641319 PMCID: PMC8510509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the known biguanide drugs, proguanil has the best antiproliferative activity. In contrast, newly synthesized biguanide derivatives containing fluorine atoms have excellent biological activity, among which trifluoromethoxy compounds show the strongest ability. Preliminary work in our laboratory exhibited that n-heptyl containing proguanil derivatives on one alkyl chain side have better biological activity than those with a shorter carbon chain. However, the relationship between the length of the carbon chain and the activity of the compounds is unknown. In this study, we synthesized 10 new trifluoromethoxy-containing proguanil derivatives with various carbon chain lengths. The phenyl side is fixed as the trifluoromethoxy group with change of carbon chain length in alkyl chain side. It was found that the anti-cancer abilities of 5C-8C with n-pentyl to n-octyl groups was significantly better than that of proguanil in the five human cancer cell lines. The colony formation assay demonstrated that 6C-8C at 0.5 to 1.0 μM significantly inhibited the colony formation of human cancer cell lines, much stronger than that of proguanil. Pharmacologically, 8C activates AMPK, leading to inactivation of the mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 pathway. Thus, these novel compounds have a great potential for developing new anti-cancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (S.X.); (Y.C.); (D.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yufang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (S.X.); (Y.C.); (D.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yu Luo
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Di Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (S.X.); (Y.C.); (D.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (S.X.); (Y.C.); (D.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (S.X.); (Y.C.); (D.X.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-7406-6132
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Grytsai O, Ronco C, Benhida R. Synthetic accesses to biguanide compounds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1001-1040. [PMID: 34025808 PMCID: PMC8111433 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biguanide is a unique chemical function, which has attracted much attention a century ago and is showing resurgent interest in recent years after a long period of dormancy. This class of compounds has found broad applications such as reaction catalysts, organic strong bases, ligands for metal complexation, or versatile starting materials in organic synthesis for the preparation of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Moreover, biguanides demonstrate a wide range of biological activities and some representatives are worldwide known such as metformin, the first-line treatment against type II diabetes, or chlorhexidine, the gold standard disinfectant and antiseptic. Although scarcely represented, the number of "success stories" with biguanide-containing compounds highlights their value and their unexploited potential as future drugs in various therapeutic fields or as efficient metal ligands. This review provides an extensive and critical overview of the synthetic accesses to biguanide compounds, as well as their comparative advantages and limitations. It also underlines the need of developing new synthetic methodologies to reach a wider variety of biguanides and to overcome the underrepresentation of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Grytsai
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272, Parc Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Cyril Ronco
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272, Parc Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272, Parc Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
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