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Nabi SA, Ramzan F, Lone MS, Nainwal LM, Hamid A, Batool F, Husain M, Samim M, Shafi S, Sharma K, Bano S, Javed K. Halogen substituted aurones as potential apoptotic agents: synthesis, anticancer evaluation, molecular docking, ADMET and DFT study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:7610-7627. [PMID: 37517055 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2240897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of halogen-substituted aurone derivatives (2a-k) were synthesized and evaluated for an anti-proliferative study against NCI 60 cancer cell line panel and showed that most of the compounds predominantly exhibited promising activity against MCF-7. Compound 2e exhibited promising anticancer activity against the MCF-7 cancer cell line with 84.98% percentage growth inhibition in a single dose assay of 10 μM with an IC50 value of 8.157 ± 0.713 μM. In apoptotic assay, the effect of compound 2e on the cell cycle progression indicated that exposure of MCF-7 cells to compound 2e induced a significant disruption in the cell cycle profile including a time-dependent decrease in the cell population at G0/G1 and G2/M phase and arrests the cell cycle at the S phase. In silico, molecular docking ADME and toxicity studies of all compounds were also carried out. The docking study revealed that all the aurone derivatives displayed good docking scores ranging from -7.066 to -8.573. The results of Molecular Electrostatic Potential Mapping (MESP) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies of the most active compound 2e and least active compound 2k also favoured the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ayaz Nabi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Farhat Ramzan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehak Saba Lone
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Mohan Nainwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, G. D. Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Aabid Hamid
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
- Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Mohammed Samim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameena Bano
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Kalim Javed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
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2
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Hassan AHE, Choi Y, Kim R, Kim HJ, Almatary AM, El-Sayed SM, Lee Y, Lee JK, Park KD, Lee YS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of O 4'-benzyl-hispidol derivatives and analogs as dual monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors and anti-neuroinflammatory agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 110:117826. [PMID: 39004050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of two series of O4'-benzyl-hispidol derivatives and the analogous corresponding O3'-benzyl derivatives aiming to develop selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors endowed with anti-neuroinflammatory activity is reported herein. The first O4'-benzyl-hispidol derivatives series afforded several more potentially active and MAO-B inhibitors than the O3'-benzyl derivatives series. The most potential compound 2e of O4'-benzyl derivatives elicited sub-micromolar MAO-B IC50 of 0.38 µM with a selectivity index >264 whereas most potential compound 3b of O3'-benzyl derivatives showed only 0.95 MAO-B IC50 and a selectivity index >105. Advancement of the most active compounds showing sub-micromolar activities to further cellular evaluations of viability and induced production of pro-neuroinflammatory mediators confirmed compound 2e as a potential lead compound inhibiting the production of the neuroinflammatory mediator nitric oxide significantly by microglial BV2 cells at 3 µM concentration without significant cytotoxicity up to 30 µM. In silico molecular docking study predicted plausible binding modes with MAO enzymes and provided insights at the molecular level. Overall, this report presents compound 2e as a potential lead compound to develop potential multifunctional compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H E Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Choi
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Rium Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Aya M Almatary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Selwan M El-Sayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura National University, Gamasa 7731168, Egypt
| | - Yeongae Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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La Monica G, Alamia F, Bono A, Lauria A, Martorana A. Scaffold-Hopping Strategies in Aurone Optimization: A Comprehensive Review of Synthetic Procedures and Biological Activities of Nitrogen and Sulfur Analogues. Molecules 2024; 29:2813. [PMID: 38930878 PMCID: PMC11206683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aurones, particular polyphenolic compounds belonging to the class of minor flavonoids and overlooked for a long time, have gained significative attention in medicinal chemistry in recent years. Indeed, considering their unique and outstanding biological properties, they stand out as an intriguing reservoir of new potential lead compounds in the drug discovery context. Nevertheless, several physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic (P3) issues hinder their progression in more advanced phases of the drug discovery pipeline, making lead optimization campaigns necessary. In this context, scaffold hopping has proven to be a valuable approach in the optimization of natural products. This review provides a comprehensive and updated picture of the scaffold-hopping approaches directed at the optimization of natural and synthetic aurones. In the literature analysis, a particular focus is given to nitrogen and sulfur analogues. For each class presented, general synthetic procedures are summarized, highlighting the key advantages and potential issues. Furthermore, the biological activities of the most representative scaffold-hopped compounds are presented, emphasizing the improvements achieved and the potential for further optimization compared to the aurone class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Annamaria Martorana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, I-90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.L.M.); (F.A.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
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Ashraf R, Zahoor AF, Ali KG, Nazeer U, Saif MJ, Mansha A, Chaudhry AR, Irfan A. Development of novel transition metal-catalyzed synthetic approaches for the synthesis of a dihydrobenzofuran nucleus: a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:14539-14581. [PMID: 38708111 PMCID: PMC11066739 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of dihydrobenzofuran scaffolds bears pivotal significance in the field of medicinal chemistry and organic synthesis. These heterocyclic scaffolds hold immense prospects owing to their significant pharmaceutical applications as they are extensively employed as essential precursors for constructing complex organic frameworks. Their versatility and importance make them an interesting subject of study for researchers in the scientific community. While exploring their synthesis, researchers have unveiled various novel and efficient pathways for assembling the dihydrobenzofuran core. In the wake of extensive data being continuously reported each year, we have outlined the recent updates (post 2020) on novel methodological accomplishments employing the efficient catalytic role of several transition metals to forge dihydrobenzofuran functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Kulsoom Ghulam Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Usman Nazeer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Muhammad Jawwad Saif
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bisha P. O. Box 551 Bisha 61922 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University P. O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
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Berdnikova DV. Aurones: Unexplored Visible-Light Photoswitches for Aqueous Medium. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304237. [PMID: 38302861 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The development of synthetically accessible photoswitches showing an efficient performance in aqueous medium has recently become an urgent task due to the rapid progress of photopharmacology and novel biomedical applications. In response to this challenge, in this work, aurone derivatives are introduced as a novel class of efficient visible-light photoswitches for aqueous medium. In general, aurones exhibit superior performance in water, including significantly higher quantum yields, compared with other indigoid photoswitches (hemithioindigo and hemiindigo). Especially remarkable are the half-lives of the photoinduced E-isomers of aurones in water, reaching up to 7 years. Further modification of the aurone scaffold with substituents that increase water solubility does not affect most of the photoswitching characteristics and even improves some them. The highly advantageous property profile of the aurone photoswitches make them a perfect novel platform for the design of light-controllable systems in the areas requiring photoswitching in aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Berdnikova
- Organische Chemie II, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany
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6
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Jin HS, Zhu T. Synthesis of Benzofuran-Fused Oxepines through Cs 2CO 3-Promoted [4 + 3] Annulation of Aurones with Crotonate-Derived Sulfonium Salts. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3271-3278. [PMID: 38332626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Benzofuran-fused derivatives display important and reliable therapeutic properties. Herein, we describe the synthesis of benzofuran-fused oxepines using aurones and crotonate-derived sulfonium salts via a [4 + 3] annulation reaction in the presence of Cs2CO3. This reaction proceeds under mild and operationally simple conditions. The synthetic utility of this approach was highlighted by several transformations, including the efficient synthesis of a novel tetracyclic fused benzofuran derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Shan Jin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
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John D, George K, Radhakrishnan EK. A concise update on the synthetic transformation of aurones via asymmetric cycloaddition, annulation, and Michael/Mannich reactions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6339-6359. [PMID: 38380237 PMCID: PMC10877098 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the significance of aurone cores in organic chemistry, highlighting their crucial role as synthetic intermediates. With their innate electrophilic reactivity and convenient accessibility, aurone cores play a vital role in catalysing the development of novel methodologies and facilitating the creation of intricate compounds. The objective of this review is to present a current and insightful compilation that summarizes the progress in aurone synthetic transformations, focusing on diverse cycloaddition ([3 + 2], [4 + 2], [4 + 3], [10 + 2]) and annulation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa John
- Department of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
| | - Kevin George
- Department of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
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Thi Vo CV, Thanh Nguyen T, Ngoc Dang T, Quoc Dao M, Thao Vo V, Thi Tran O, Thanh Vu L, Tran TD. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of alkoxyaurones as potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 98:129574. [PMID: 38052378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Aurones are a minor subgroup of flavonoids. Unlike other subgroups such as chalcones, flavones, and isoflavones, aurones have not been extensively explored as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. In this work, we studied the pancreatic lipase inhibitory potency of synthetic aurone derivatives. Thirty-six compounds belonging to four series (4,6-dihydroxyaurone, 6-hydroxyaurone, 4,6-dialkoxyaurone, and 6-alkoxyaurone) were designed and synthesized. Their in vitro inhibitory activities were determined by spectrophotometric assay in comparison with quercetin and orlistat. Alkoxyaurone derivatives with long-chain (6-10 carbons) alkoxy substituents showed greater potency. Of them, 4,6-dialkoxyaurone 8 displayed the highest activity against pancreatic lipase (IC50 of 1.945 ± 0.520 µM) relative to quercetin (IC50 of 86.98 ± 3.859 µM) and orlistat (IC50 of 0.0334 ± 0.0015 µM). Fluorescence quenching measurement confirmed the affinity of alkoxyaurone derivatives to pancreatic lipase. Kinetic study showed that 8 inhibited lipase through a competitive mechanism (Ki of 1.288 ± 0.282 µM). Molecular docking results clarified the role of long-chain substituents on ring A in interacting with the hydrophobic pockets and pushing the inhibitor molecule closer to the catalytic triad. The findings in this study may contribute to the development of better pancreatic lipase inhibitors with aurone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cam-Van Thi Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Trang Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Thien Ngoc Dang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Manh Quoc Dao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Vy Thao Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Oanh Thi Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Loc Thanh Vu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Dao Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
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Caburet J, Verdirosa F, Moretti M, Roulier B, Simoncelli G, Haudecoeur R, Ghazi S, Jamet H, Docquier JD, Boucherle B, Peuchmaur M. Aurones and derivatives as promising New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 97:117559. [PMID: 38109811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance is undoubtedly one of the main public health concerns especially with the emergence of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) able to hydrolytically inactivate β-lactam antibiotics. Currently, there are no inhibitors of MBLs in clinical use to rescue antibiotic action and the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is still considered as one of the most relevant targets for inhibitor development. Following a fragment-based strategy to find new NDM-1 inhibitors, we identified aurone as a promising scaffold. A series of 60 derivatives were then evaluated and two of them were identified as promising inhibitors with Ki values as low as 1.7 and 2.5 µM. Moreover, these two most active compounds were able to potentiate meropenem in in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility assays. The molecular modelling provided insights about their likely interactions with the active site of NDM-1, thus enabling further improvement in the structure of this new inhibitor family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Verdirosa
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matis Moretti
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Giorgia Simoncelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Somayeh Ghazi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Jamet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Denis Docquier
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Laboratoire de Bactériologie Moléculaire, UR-InBioS, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Takao K, Kubota Y, Kurosaki K, Kamauchi H, Uesawa Y, Sugita Y. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Azolylmethylene-3-(2H)-benzofuranone Derivatives as Potent Monoamine Oxidases Inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:109-120. [PMID: 38267058 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
A series of 2-azolylmethylene-3-(2H)-benzofuranone derivatives, 2-indolylmethylene-3-(2H)-benzofuranone and 2-pyrrolylmethylene-3-(2H)-benzofuranone derivatives, were synthesized, and their monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B inhibitory activities were evaluated. Compounds 1b, 3b, 6b, 7b, and 10b showed strong inhibitory activity against MAO-A, and compound 3b showed the highest potency and selectivity, with an IC50 value of 21 nM and a MAO-A selectivity index of 48. Compounds 3c, 4c, 9a, 9c, 10c, 11a, and 11c showed strong inhibitory activity against MAO-B, and compound 4c showed the highest potency and selectivity, with an IC50 value of 16 nM and a MAO-B selectivity index of >1100. Further analysis of these compounds indicated that compound 3b for MAO-A and compound 4c for MAO-B were competitive inhibitors, with Ki values of 10 and 6.1 nM, respectively. Furthermore, computational analyses, such as quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis of the 2-azolylmethylene-3-(2H)-benzofuranone derivatives conducting their pIC50 values with the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) and Mordred, and molecular docking analysis using MOE-Dock supported that the 2-azolylmethylene-3-(2H)-benzofuranone derivatives are a privileged scaffold for the design and development of novel MAO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Takao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Yuka Kubota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Kota Kurosaki
- Department of Medical Molecular Informatics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hitoshi Kamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Yoshihiro Uesawa
- Department of Medical Molecular Informatics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yoshiaki Sugita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
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Pourparizi A, Vazirinia M, Pourrajab F, Nadri H, Davood A. New synthetic derivatives of isoindoline-dione: synthesis, neuroprotection assay and impact on the expression level of oxidative stress-related genes in neuronal-like cell line. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2023; 43:123-132. [PMID: 38270433 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2023.2291559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress can damage cells and cause age-related illnesses such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. This study looked at newly synthesized isoindole derivatives and their effects on SH-SY5Y as a neuroblastoma cell under oxidative stress through the NRF2 signaling pathway. NRF2 transcription factor plays a vital role in the oxidative stress response and cellular homeostasis. METHOD Three isoindoline-dione derivatives were synthesized by reacting phthalic anhydrides with 4-(2-aminoethyl)-1-benzyl piperidine. Their structures were confirmed through FT-IR, NMR, and Mass spectroscopy. The derivatives were then tested on human SH-SY5Y cells under an oxidative stress model induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The cell viability, ROS levels, protein carbonyl content, and gene expression of NRF2 and phase II antioxidative enzymes were measured after 24 h. RESULTS Three isoindoline derivatives (3a-3c) were observed to increase the viability of SH-SY5Y cells by protective against oxidative stress, reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species and carbonylated proteins, and increasing gene expression levels of NRF2 and associated genes such as NQO-1, and GSTK1. CONCLUSION Isoindoline derivatives demonstrated a neuroprotective effect on SH-SY5Y cells through various neuroprotective mechanisms, although more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolrahim Pourparizi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mina Vazirinia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pourrajab
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamid Nadri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Asghar Davood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
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Aluru R, Mukherjee A, Zyryanov GV, Majee A, Santra S. Recent Trends in the Antidiabetic Prominence of Natural and Synthetic Analogues of Aurones. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8461-8475. [PMID: 37886976 PMCID: PMC10605527 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are a boundless source for the development of pharmaceutical agents against a wide range of human diseases. Accordingly, naturally occurring aurones possess various biological benefits, such as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and neuroprotective effects. In addition, various studies have revealed that aurones are potential templates for the regulation of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Likewise, certain aurones and their analogues have been found to be remarkable kinase inhibitors of DARK2, PPAR-γ, PTPM1, AGE, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which represents a promising approach for the treatment of chronic metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Therefore, in our present study, we provide a detailed account of the advances in aurones as antidiabetic agents over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammohan Aluru
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.A.); (A.M.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Anindita Mukherjee
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.A.); (A.M.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.A.); (A.M.); (G.V.Z.)
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS, Ural Division, 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya Str., 620219 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Adinath Majee
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Birbhum, Santiniketan 731235, India;
| | - Sougata Santra
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (R.A.); (A.M.); (G.V.Z.)
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Alshaye NA, Mughal EU, Elkaeed EB, Ashraf Z, Kehili S, Nazir Y, Naeem N, Abdul Majeed N, Sadiq A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted aurone derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors: in vitro, kinetic, QSAR, docking and drug-likeness studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8307-8322. [PMID: 36255179 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2132296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase enzyme plays an essential role in melanin biosynthesis and enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables. To discover potent tyrosinase inhibitors, the present studies were undertaken. In this context, synthetic aurone derivatives 26-50 were designed, synthesized, and structurally elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques including IR, UV, 1H- & 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. The target compounds 26-50 were screened for their anti-tyrosinase inhibitory potential, and thus kinetic mechanism was analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots. All target compounds exhibited good to excellent IC50 values in the range of 7.12 ± 0.32 μM to 66.82 ± 2.44 μM. These synthesized aurone derivatives were found as potent tyrosinase inhibitors relative to the standard kojic acid (IC50 = 16.69 ± 2.81 μM) and the compound 39 inhibited tyrosinase non-competitively (Ki = 11.8 μM) by forming an enzyme-inhibitor complex. The binding modes of these molecules were ascribed through molecular docking studies against tyrosinase protein (PDB ID: 2Y9X). The quantitative structure-activity relationship studies displayed a good correlation between 26-50 structures and their anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50) with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9926. The computational studies were coherent with experimental results and these ligands exhibited good binding values against tyrosinase and interacted with core residues of target protein. Moreover, the drug-likeness analysis also showed that some compounds have a linear correlation with Lipinski's rule of five, indicating good drug-likeness and bioactivity scores for pharmacological targets.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla A Alshaye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Kehili
- Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
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14
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Borges RS, Aguiar CPO, Oliveira NLL, Amaral INA, Vale JKL, Chaves Neto AMJ, Queiroz AN, da Silva ABF. Antioxidant capacity of simplified oxygen heterocycles and proposed derivatives by theoretical calculations. J Mol Model 2023; 29:232. [PMID: 37407749 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Some structural properties can be involved in the antioxidant capacity of several polyphenol derivatives, among them their simplified structures. This study examines the contribution of simplified structure for the antioxidant capacity of some natural and synthetic antioxidants. The resonance structures were related to the π-type electron system of carbon-carbon double bonds between both phenyl rings. Trans-resveratrol, phenyl-benzofuran, phenyl-indenone, and benzylidene-benzofuranone are the best basic antioxidant templates among the simplified derivatives studied here. Additionally, the stilbene moiety was found on the molecules with the best antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, our investigation suggests that these compounds can be used as antioxidant scaffold for designing and developing of new promising derivatives. METHODS To investigate the structure-antioxidant capacity for sixteen simplified natural and proposed derivatives we have employed density functional theory and used Gaussian 09. Our DFT calculations were performed using the B3LYP functional and the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. All electron transfer mechanisms were investigated by using values of HOMO, ionization potential, energy affinity, stabilization energies, and spin density distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosivaldo S Borges
- Núcleo de Estudos e Seleção de Compostos Bioativos, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Christiane P O Aguiar
- Núcleo de Estudos e Seleção de Compostos Bioativos, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Nicole L L Oliveira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Seleção de Compostos Bioativos, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Israel N A Amaral
- Núcleo de Estudos e Seleção de Compostos Bioativos, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Joyce K L Vale
- Núcleo de Estudos e Seleção de Compostos Bioativos, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Antonio M J Chaves Neto
- Faculdade de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Auriekson N Queiroz
- Núcleo de Estudos e Seleção de Compostos Bioativos, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Albérico B F da Silva
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
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15
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Caleffi GS, Rosa AS, de Souza LG, Avelar JLS, Nascimento SMR, de Almeida VM, Tucci AR, Ferreira VN, da Silva AJM, Santos-Filho OA, Miranda MD, Costa PRR. Aurones: A Promising Scaffold to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1536-1549. [PMID: 37257024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aurones are a small subgroup of flavonoids in which the basic C6-C3-C6 skeleton is arranged as (Z)-2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-one. These compounds are structural isomers of flavones and flavonols, natural products reported as potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of a series of 25 aurones bearing different oxygenated groups (OH, OCH3, OCH2OCH3, OCH2O, OCF2H, and OCH2C6H4R) at the A- and/or B-rings using cell-based screening assays. We observed that 12 of the 25 compounds exhibit EC50 < 3 μM (8e, 8h, 8j, 8k, 8l, 8m, 8p, 8q, 8r, 8w, 8x, and 8y), of which five presented EC50 < 1 μM (8h, 8m, 8p, 8q, and 8w) without evident cytotoxic effect in Calu-3 cells. The substitution of the A- and/or B-ring with OCH3, OCH2OCH3, and OCF2H groups seems beneficial for the antiviral activity, while the corresponding phenolic derivatives showed a significant decrease in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. The most potent compound of the series, aurone 8q (EC50 = 0.4 μM, SI = 2441.3), is 2 to 3 times more effective than the polyphenolic flavonoids myricetin (2) and baicalein (1), respectively. Investigation of the five more active compounds as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro based on molecular dynamic calculations suggested that these aurones should detach from the active site of 3CLpro, and, probably, they could bind to another SARS-CoV-2 protein target (either receptor or enzyme).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice S Rosa
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Amanda R Tucci
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vivian N Ferreira
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milene D Miranda
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Huang Z, Li Y, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Wu J, Wu Y, Zhang F, Fang Z, Li Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation for General Synthesis of Aurones Using CO 2. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202365. [PMID: 36737418 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The carbonylation of alkynes using CO2 to generate aurones is to date unknown. In this study, a palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of terminal aromatic alkynes and the waste hydrosilane, poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS), is carried out with 2-iodophenol using CO2 to produce aurones. A variety of terminal alkynes and substituted 2-iodophenols are transformed into aurones in good yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that silyl formate, generated from CO2 and PMHS, plays a crucial role in the carbonylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Huang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, 411104, Xiangtan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yudong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, 411104, Xiangtan, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, 411104, Xiangtan, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, 411104, Xiangtan, P. R. China
| | - Yongkai Wu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, 411104, Xiangtan, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, 411104, Xiangtan, P. R. China
| | - Zhengjun Fang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, 411104, Xiangtan, P. R. China
| | - Yuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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17
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Lone MS, Nabi SA, Wani FR, Garg M, Amin S, Samim M, Shafi S, Khan F, Javed K. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 5-chloro-6-methylaurone derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13466-13487. [PMID: 36856061 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2183716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 5-chloro-6-methylaurone derivatives (6a-p) were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds were tested for anticancer activity against 60-human cancer cell line panel derived from nine cancer types at NCI, Bethesda, USA. Among the synthesized compounds, six compounds (6e, 6f, 6h, 6i, 6k and 6 m) exhibited growth inhibition and cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines in one-dose data. The most potent compound among the series, 6i was active against 55 out of 60 human cancer cell lines. Compound 6i showed remarkable % growth inhibition and cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines exhibiting % GI in the range 36.05-199.03. The compound 6i was further evaluated for five dose assay and exhibited GI50 1.90 µM and 2.70 µM against melanoma and breast cancer cell lines respectively. Further evaluation of 6i for five-dose assay exhibited a diverse spectrum of anti-cancer activity towards all the 60 human cancer cell line panel with the selectivity index ratio ranging 0.854-1.42 and 0.66-1.35 for GI50 and TGI respectively. Based on one-dose and five-dose data compound 6i was further evaluated for cell apoptosis against MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line and was found to induce early apoptosis in cells explaining its mode of action. The in-silico studies for the synthesized compounds as LSD1 inhibitors (2H94) have shown better docking score and binding energy comparable to vafidemstat. All the compounds followed Lipinski rule of five. These findings concluded that the compound 6i could lead to the development of a promising therapeutic anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Saba Lone
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Ayaz Nabi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Farhat Ramzan Wani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Manika Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaista Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed Samim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Farah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalim Javed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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18
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Parallel Synthesis of Aurones Using a Homogeneous Scavenger. ORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/org4010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to synthesize arrays of related compounds quickly and with good purity has become critical for a rapid exploration of their properties for biological or material applications. While a number of methods have been developed to enable this combinatorial synthesis, the existing options were not readily appliable to the synthesis of aurones using the simple Knoevenagel condensation approach. In order to avoid the time, expense, and lowered yields associated with flash column chromatography, we developed a scavenging approach for their synthesis. This method uses an excess of aldehyde to ensure complete conversion to aurones, followed by selective removal of the remaining aldehyde using a simple, inexpensive scavenger – isoniazid – and subsequent extraction with dilute acid, to produce the desired compounds with good purity under operationally simple conditions. This approach is expected to be applicable to many other reactions involving aldehydes as one of the reactants.
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19
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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 3-Substituted-Indolin-2-One Derivatives as Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032066. [PMID: 36768389 PMCID: PMC9916847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of 3-substituted-indolin-2-one derivatives. Cell viability of 3-substituted-indolin-2-one derivatives was measured with the EZ-Cytox reagent; interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible NOS mRNA levels were measured using Taqman qRT-PCR; pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and TNF-α levels were determined using ELISA kits; the phosphorylation of Akt, JNK, ERK, p38, p65, and IκB protein levels were measured by immunoblotting. Among the nineteen 3-substituted-indolin-2-one derivatives synthesized, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-indolin-2-one showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting the nitric oxide production related to inflammation, suppressing the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner and mRNA expression. Moreover, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-indolin-2-one significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced signal pathways such as the Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our findings revealed that a 3-substituted-indolin-2-one derivative, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-indolin-2-one, possesses excellent anti-inflammatory activity and can be considered for future research.
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20
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Dinda TK, Mal P. Activation of C-Br Bond of CBr 4 and CBrCl 3 Using 9-Mesityl-10-methylacridinium Perchlorate Photocatalyst. J Org Chem 2023; 88:573-584. [PMID: 36516984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the activation of the C-Br bond of CBrX3 (X = Cl, Br) using 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium perchlorate as a visible-light (12W blue LED, 450-455 nm) photocatalyst for the synthesis of gem-dihaloenones from terminal alkynes. An electron transfer from CBrX3 to Mes-Acr-MeClO4 led to the formation of •+CBrX3 which subsequently resulted in the intermediate +CX3. Next, C-C cross-coupling of +CX3 with terminal alkynes was the key path to obtain the gem-dihaloenones. Radical trapping experiments with TEMPO, BHT, and Stern-Volmer quenching studies helped to understand that the reaction proceeded via the SET mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Dinda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
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21
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He P, Xu H, Yang C, Yu D, Liu Y, Du J, Li Y. Unveiling the inhibitory mechanism of aureusidin targeting xanthine oxidase by multi-spectroscopic methods and molecular simulations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1606-1616. [PMID: 36688063 PMCID: PMC9827282 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06997k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a key target for gout treatment. Great efforts have been made towards the discovery and development of new XO inhibitors. Aureusidin (AUR), a natural compound, emerges as the second reported XO inhibitor with an aurone skeleton with an IC50 value of 7.617 ± 0.401 μM in vitro. The inhibitory mechanism of AUR against XO was explored through enzyme kinetic studies, multi-spectroscopic methods, computer simulation techniques, and ADME prediction. The results showed that AUR acts as a rapid reversible and mixed-type XO inhibitor and its binding to XO was driven by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. Moreover, AUR presented a strong fluorescence quenching effect through a static quenching process and induced a conformation change of XO. Its binding pattern with XO was revealed through molecular docking, and its affinity toward XO was enhanced through interactions with key amino acid residues in the active pocket of XO. Further, AUR demonstrated good stability and pharmacokinetic behavior properties in molecular dynamics simulation and ADME prediction. In short, the current work clarified in depth the inhibitory mechanism of AUR on XO firstly and then provided fresh insights into its further development as a natural potent XO inhibitor with aurone skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China+86 28 8540 5220
| | - Haiqi Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China+86 28 8540 5220
| | - Can Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China+86 28 8540 5220
| | - Dehong Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China+86 28 8540 5220
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China+86 28 8540 5220
| | - Jiana Du
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China+86 28 8540 5220
| | - Yanfang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China+86 28 8540 5220
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22
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A New Method of Preparing Aurone by Marine Actinomycetes and Its Potential Application in Agricultural Fungicides. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010017. [PMID: 36615212 PMCID: PMC9822012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A strain of marine actinomycetes was isolated from an intertidal zone and identified as Streptomyces cinereoruber. Through the fermentation of this strain, a compound with fungicidal activity was extracted and purified. Using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, the metabolite was determined to be an aurone. The toxicity of the aurone toward four kinds of tumor cells-SH-SY5Y, HepG2, A549, and HeLa cells-was verified by the MTT method, delivering IC50 values of 41.81, 47.19, 63.95, and 51.92 μg/mL, respectively. Greenhouse bioassay showed that the aurone exhibited a high fungicidal activity against powder mildew (Botrytis cinerea), cucurbits powder mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht ex Ff.) Poll), and rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae).
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23
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A decennary update on diverse heterocycles and their intermediates as privileged scaffolds for cathepsin B inhibition. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2270-2308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Li Y, Zhao H, Niu C, Aisa HA, Hou X. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Aurone Derivatives Containing Heterocyclic Substituents. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222080254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Devi AP, Dhingra N, Chundawat RS, Ameta KL. Green synthesis of 2-benzylidene-1-benzofuran-3-ones and in vitro neuraminidase study using molecular docking. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 33:499-512. [PMID: 35735074 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2022.2087733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An improved and green method has been developed for the synthesis of substituted 2-benzylidene-1-benzofuran-3-ones by treating 2-hydroxychalcones with CuBr2 in DMF-water mixture (7:3; v/v) using grinding methodology. Molecular docking and in vitro studies were also carried out, and it was revealed that compound #4h binds with the active amino Glu-277, Try-406 and Arg-152 of neuraminidase against influenza virus. Compound 4h exerts best inhibition activity (13 ± 1.8%) which was found similar to oseltamivir (12 ± 0.89%).
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Devi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, India
| | - N Dhingra
- Department of Agriculture, Medi-CapsUniversity, Indore, India
| | - R S Chundawat
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, India
| | - K L Ameta
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, India
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26
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Ahmed M, Khan KUR, Ahmad S, Aati HY, Ovatlarnporn C, Rehman MSU, Javed T, Khursheed A, Ghalloo BA, Dilshad R, Anwar M. Comprehensive Phytochemical Profiling, Biological Activities, and Molecular Docking Studies of Pleurospermum candollei: An Insight into Potential for Natural Products Development. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134113. [PMID: 35807359 PMCID: PMC9268725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find the biological propensities of the vegetable plant Pleurospermum candollei by investigating its phytochemical profile and biological activities. Phytochemical analysis was done by spectroscopic methods to investigate the amount of total polyphenols, and biological evaluation was done by the different antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory (tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase), thrombolytic, and antibacterial activities. The highest amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents was observed in methanolic extract (240.69 ± 2.94 mg GAE/g and 167.59 ± 3.47 mg QE/g); the fractions showed comparatively less quantity (57.02 ± 1.31 to 144.02 ± 2.11 mg GAE/g, and 48.21 ± 0.75 to 96.58 ± 2.30 mg QE/g). The effect of these bioactive contents was also related to biological activities. GCMS analysis led to the identification of bioactive compounds with different biological effects from methanolic extract (antioxidant; 55.07%, antimicrobial; 56.41%), while the identified compounds from the n-hexane fraction with antioxidant properties constituted 67.86%, and those with antimicrobial effects constituted 82.95%; however, the synergetic effect of polyphenols may also have contributed to the highest value of biological activities of methanolic extract. Molecular docking was also performed to understand the relationship of identified secondary metabolites with enzyme-inhibitory activities. The thrombolytic activity was also significant (40.18 ± 1.80 to 57.15 ± 1.10 % clot lysis) in comparison with streptokinase (78.5 ± 1.53 to 82.34 ± 1.25% clot lysis). Methanolic extract also showed good activity against Gram-positive strains of bacteria, and the highest activity was observed against Bacillus subtilis. The findings of this study will improve our knowledge of phytochemistry, and biological activities of P. candollei, which seems to be a ray of hope to design formulations of natural products for the improvement of health and prevention of chronic diseases; however, further research may address the development of novel drugs for use in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.K.); (B.A.G.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Kashif-ur-Rehman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.K.); (B.A.G.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (K.-u.-R.K.); (H.Y.A.)
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.K.); (B.A.G.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Hanan Y. Aati
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (K.-u.-R.K.); (H.Y.A.)
| | - Chitchamai Ovatlarnporn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand;
| | - Muhammad Sajid-ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Tariq Javed
- Lahore Pharmacy College (LMDC), Lahore 53400, Pakistan;
| | - Anjum Khursheed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.K.); (B.A.G.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Bilal Ahmad Ghalloo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.K.); (B.A.G.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Rizwana Dilshad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.K.); (B.A.G.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Maryam Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.K.); (B.A.G.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
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27
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Negm WA, El-Aasr M, Attia G, Alqahtani MJ, Yassien RI, Abo Kamer A, Elekhnawy E. Promising Antifungal Activity of Encephalartos laurentianus de Wild against Candida albicans Clinical Isolates: In Vitro and In Vivo Effects on Renal Cortex of Adult Albino Rats. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050426. [PMID: 35628682 PMCID: PMC9144060 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans can cause various infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Its ability to develop resistance to the current antifungal drugs as well as its multiple virulence factors have rendered the problem even more complicated. Thus, in the present investigation, we elucidated an in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of Encephalartos laurentianus methanol extract (ELME) against C. albicans clinical isolates for the first time. A phytochemical identification of 64 compounds was conducted in ELME using LC-MS/MS. Interestingly, ELME exhibited antifungal activity with MIC values that ranged from 32–256 µg/mL. Furthermore, we investigated the antibiofilm activity of ELME against the biofilms formed by C. albicans isolates. ELME displayed antibiofilm activity using a crystal violet assay as it decreased the percentages of cells, moderately and strongly forming biofilms from 62.5% to 25%. Moreover, the antibiofilm impact of ELME was elucidated using SEM and fluorescent microscope. A significant reduction in the biofilm formation by C. albicans isolates was observed. In addition, we observed that ELME resulted in the downregulation of the biofilm-related tested genes (ALS1, BCR1, PLB2, and SAP5) in 37.5% of the isolates using qRT-PCR. Besides, the in vivo antifungal activity of ELME on the kidney tissues of rats infected with C. albicans was investigated using histological and immunohistochemical studies. ELME was found to protect against C. albicans induced renal damage, decrease desmin and inducible nitric oxide synthase, increase alkaline phosphatase, and increase infected rats’ survival rate. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of ELME was elucidated on Human Skin Fibroblast normal cells using MTT assay. ELME had an IC50 of 31.26 µg/mL. Thus, we can conclude that ELME might be a promising future source for antifungal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A. Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (M.E.-A.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: (W.A.N.); (E.E.)
| | - Mona El-Aasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (M.E.-A.); (G.A.)
| | - Ghada Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (M.E.-A.); (G.A.)
| | - Moneerah J. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Rania Ibrahim Yassien
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Amal Abo Kamer
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (W.A.N.); (E.E.)
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28
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L-Proline-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Efficient Solvents and Catalysts for the Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Aurones via Knoevenagel Condensation. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurones are minor flavonoids that possess a wide variety of bioactivity, including antioxidant, anticancer, and enzyme inhibitory activity. L-proline-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) were synthesized and applied as solvents and catalysts for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction between benzofuranone and substituted benzaldehydes to produce aurones in high yields and purity. The reaction between benzofuranone and vanillin served as the model reaction. After screening three NaDESs, and testing microwave, as well as ultrasound as energy sources, we concluded that the optimum results are obtained using L-proline/glycerol 1:2 as catalyst and solvent and ultrasound irradiation. The scope of the reaction was evaluated using a variety of benzaldehydes, and the corresponding aurones were obtained in moderate to satisfactory yields (57–89%) and high purity. An important additional feature of the described methodology is the recyclability and reusability of the NaDES, which was recycled and effectively reused after 6 cycles.
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29
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Burke A, Moutayakine A. Accessing medicinally relevant O‐benzofused heterocycles through C‐X activation: Recent trends. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Burke
- University of Evora Chemistry Rua Romão Ramalho, 59 7000 Evora PORTUGAL
| | - Amina Moutayakine
- University of Evora Institute for Advanced Studies and Research: Universidade de Evora Instituto de Investigacao e Formacao Avancada LAQV-Requimte PORTUGAL
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30
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Lathwal E, Kumar S, Kumar Sahoo P, Ghosh S, Mahata S, Nasare VD, Kumar S. Synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation and structure activity relationship of pyrazole hybrid aurones on gastric cancer (AGS) cell lines. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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31
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Bryant DL, Kafle A, Handy ST, Farone AL, Miller JM. Aurone-derived 1,2,3-triazoles as potential fluorescence molecules in vitro. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22639-22649. [PMID: 36105995 PMCID: PMC9372874 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02578g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurones are a class of naturally occurring compounds with fluorescent derivatives. Here we show a newly synthesized derivative of aurones containing a 1,2,3-triazole which is fluorescent in aqueous environments and has potential to be used as a probe in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Bryant
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E Main St., Murfreesboro 37132, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E Main St., Murfreesboro 37132, Tennessee, USA
| | - Arjun Kafle
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E Main St., Murfreesboro 37132, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott T. Handy
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E Main St., Murfreesboro 37132, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anthony L. Farone
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E Main St., Murfreesboro 37132, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E Main St., Murfreesboro 37132, Tennessee, USA
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32
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Aurones: A Golden Resource for Active Compounds. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010002. [PMID: 35011233 PMCID: PMC8746708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deemed as poorly represented in nature, aurones have been often overlooked by researchers compared to other members of the flavonoid superfamily. However, over the past two decades, they have been reassessed by the scientific community, who are increasingly appreciating their ability to modulate several biological pathways. This review summarizes the recent literature on this class of compounds, which has been analyzed from both a chemical and a functional point of view. Original articles, reviews and editorials featured in Pubmed and Scifinder over the last twenty years have been taken into account to provide the readers with a view of the chemical strategies to obtain them, their functional properties, and their potential of technological use. The resulting comprehensive picture aims at raising the awareness of these natural derivatives as effective drug candidates, fostering the development of novel synthetic analogues.
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33
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Eymery M, Tran-Nguyen VK, Boumendjel A. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis: Amino Acetophenones as Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Natural Product Analogs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1127. [PMID: 34832909 PMCID: PMC8619038 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity-Oriented Synthesis (DOS) represents a strategy to obtain molecule libraries with diverse structural features starting from one common compound in limited steps of synthesis. During the last two decades, DOS has become an unmissable strategy in organic synthesis and is fully integrated in various drug discovery processes. On the other hand, natural products with multiple relevant pharmacological properties have been extensively investigated as scaffolds for ligand-based drug design. In this article, we report the amino dimethoxyacetophenones that can be easily synthesized and scaled up from the commercially available 3,5-dimethoxyaniline as valuable starting blocks for the DOS of natural product analogs. More focus is placed on the synthesis of analogs of flavones, coumarins, azocanes, chalcones, and aurones, which are frequently studied as lead compounds in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Eymery
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, LRB, 38000 Grenoble, France;
- EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Viet-Khoa Tran-Nguyen
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France;
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34
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Ashraf J, Mughal EU, Alsantali RI, Sadiq A, Jassas RS, Naeem N, Ashraf Z, Nazir Y, Zafar MN, Mumtaz A, Mirzaei M, Saberi S, Ahmed SA. 2-Benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2 H)-ones as a new class of alkaline phosphatase inhibitors: synthesis, SAR analysis, enzyme inhibitory kinetics and computational studies. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35077-35092. [PMID: 35493176 PMCID: PMC9042899 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07379f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The excelling role of organic chemistry in the medicinal field continues to be one of the main leads in the drug development process. Particularly, this industry requires organic chemists to discover small molecular structures with powerful pharmacological potential. Herein, a diverse range of chalcone (1–11) and aurone (12–22) derivatives was designed and synthesized and for the first time, and both motifs were evaluated as potent inhibitors of alkaline phosphatases (APs). Structural identification of the target compounds (1–22) was accomplished using common spectroscopic techniques. The effect of the nature and position of the substituent was interestingly observed and justified based on the detailed structure–activity relationship (SAR) of the target compounds against AP. It was concluded from the obtained results that all the newly synthesized compounds exhibit high inhibitory potential against the AP enzyme. Among them, compounds 12 (IC50 = 2.163 ± 0.048 μM), 15 (IC50 = 2.146 ± 0.056 μM), 16 (IC50 = 2.132 ± 0.034 μM), 18 (IC50 = 1.154 ± 0.043 μM), 20 (IC50 = 1.055 ± 0.029 μM) and 21 (IC50 = 2.326 ± 0.059 μM) exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against AP, and even better/more active than KH2PO4 (standard) (IC50 = 2.80 ± 0.065 μM). Remarkably, compound 20 (IC50 = 1.055 ± 0.029 μM) may serve as a lead structure to design more potent inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase. To the best of our knowledge, these synthetic compounds are the most potent AP inhibitors with minimum IC50 values reported to date. Furthermore, a molecular modeling study was performed against the AP enzyme (1EW2) to check the binding interaction of the synthesized compounds 1–22 against the target protein. The Lineweaver–Burk plots demonstrated that most potential derivative 20 inhibited h-IAP via a non-competitive pathway. Finally, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed to evaluate the dynamic behavior, stability of the protein–ligand complex, and binding affinity of the compounds, resulting in the identification of compound 20 as a potential inhibitor of AP. Accordingly, excellent correlation was observed between the experimental and theoretical results. The pharmacological studies revealed that the synthesized analogs 1–22 obey Lipinski's rule. The assessment of the ADMET parameters showed that these compounds possess considerable lead-like characteristics with low toxicity and can serve as templates in drug design. Aurones are the plant secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid’s family. The bioactivities of aurones are very promising, thus these heterocyclic compounds can be considered as an alluring scaffold for drug design and development.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshaid Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | | | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad-44000 Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad-44000 Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | | | - Amara Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad-9177948974 Iran
| | - Satar Saberi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Farhangian University Tehran Iran
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia .,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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35
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Kumar G, Saroha B, Kumar R, Kumari M, Dalal S, Kumar S. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of some novel
N
,
N
‐dimethylaminopropoxy‐substituted aurones. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra India
| | - Bhavna Saroha
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra India
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Chemistry Govt. College for Women, Badhra Charkhi Dadri India
| | - Sunita Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra India
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36
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In Lee J. A review of the syntheses of (thio)flavones,
4‐quinolones
, (thio)aurones, and azaaurones from 2′‐substituted alkynones. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae In Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology Duksung Women's University Seoul Republic of Korea
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37
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Lou H, Hu L, Lu H, Wei T, Chen Q. Metabolic Engineering of Microbial Cell Factories for Biosynthesis of Flavonoids: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:4522. [PMID: 34361675 PMCID: PMC8348848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids belong to a class of plant secondary metabolites that have a polyphenol structure. Flavonoids show extensive biological activity, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, and antibacterial properties, so they are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. However, traditional sources of flavonoids are no longer sufficient to meet current demands. In recent years, with the clarification of the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids and the development of synthetic biology, it has become possible to use synthetic metabolic engineering methods with microorganisms as hosts to produce flavonoids. This article mainly reviews the biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids and the development of microbial expression systems for the production of flavonoids in order to provide a useful reference for further research on synthetic metabolic engineering of flavonoids. Meanwhile, the application of co-culture systems in the biosynthesis of flavonoids is emphasized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Lou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Lifei Hu
- Hubei Key Lab of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Health Food, Huangshi 435100, China;
| | - Hongyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Tianyu Wei
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
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38
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Zhang M, Yang L, Xia M, Ding J, Hong J, Shen Y. Synthesis of 4-Hydroxyaurones and Their Herbicidal Activities. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-14398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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