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BUI MPN, SEO SS. Fabrication of Polymerized Crystalline Colloidal Array Thin Film Modified β-Cyclodextrin Polymer for Paraoxon-ethyl and Parathion-ethyl Detection. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:581-7. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seong S. SEO
- Department of Natural Science, Albany State University
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Chen L, Liu YH, Li YH, Jiang Y, Xie PL, Zhou GH, Li GC. Anti-hepatoma human single-chain Fv antibody and adriamycin conjugates with potent antitumor activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 18:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Antibody-drug conjugates: using monoclonal antibodies for delivery of cytotoxic payloads to cancer cells. Ther Deliv 2012; 2:397-416. [PMID: 22834009 DOI: 10.4155/tde.10.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One approach to improving activity of anticancer drugs is to conjugate them to antibodies that recognize tumor-associated, cell-surface antigens. The antibody-drug conjugate concept evolved following major advances, first, in the development of humanized and fully human antibodies; second, in the discoveries of highly cytotoxic compounds ('drugs) linkable to antibodies; and finally, in the optimization of linkers that couple the drug to the antibody and provide sufficient stability of the antibody-drug conjugate in the circulation, optimal activation of the drug in the tumor, and the ability of the activated drug to overcome multidrug resistance. In this article, we will review the considerations for selecting a target antigen, the design of the conjugate, and the pre-clinical and clinical experiences with the current generation of antibody-drug conjugates.
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Verma RP, Hansch C. Taxane analogues against lung cancer: a quantitative structure-activity relationship study. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 73:627-36. [PMID: 19635054 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both men (after prostate cancer) and women (after breast cancer). The microtubule-stabilizing taxane such as docetaxel is the only agent currently approved for both first- and second-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Although docetaxel has made significant progress in the treatment of lung cancers either using alone or in combination with various novel targeted agents, its use often results in various undesired side-effects. These limitations have led to the search for new taxane derivatives with fewer side-effects, superior pharmacological properties, and improved anticancer activity to maximize the induced benefits for lung cancer patients. Herein, four series of taxane derivatives were used to correlate their inhibitory activities against lung cancer cells with hydrophobic and steric descriptors to gain a better understanding of their chemical-biological interactions. A parabolic correlation with MR(Y) is the most encouraging example, in which the optimum value of this parameter is well defined. On the basis of this quantitative structure-activity relationship model, six compounds (3-23 to 3-28) are suggested as potential synthetic targets. Internal (cross-validation (q(2)), quality factor (Q), Fischer statistics (F ) and Y-randomization) and external validation tests have validated all the quantitative structure-activity relationship models.
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Verma RP, Hansch C. Taxane analogues against breast cancer: a quantitative structure-activity relationship study. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:642-52. [PMID: 18196507 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Two taxane analogues, taxol and taxotere, are the most important antimitotic drugs currently in clinical use for the treatment of breast cancers. However, recent reports have indicated that the use of these drugs often results in various undesired side effects as well as multi-drug resistance. These limitations have led to the development of new taxane derivatives with fewer side effects, superior pharmacological properties, and improved anticancer activity to maximize the induced benefits for breast cancer patients. Herein, four series of taxane derivatives were used to correlate their inhibitory activities against breast cancer cells with their hydrophobic and steric properties in order to understand their chemical-biological interactions. The resulting QSARs show that the inhibitory activities of taxane analogues against breast cancers are mainly dependent either on their hydrophobicity or the hydrophobic/molar refractivity descriptor of their substituents. A parabolic correlation with MR(Y) is the most encouraging example, in which the optimum value of this parameter is well defined. We believe this correlation may prove to be an adequate predictive model that can help provide guidance in design and synthesis and subsequently yield highly specific compounds that may have high anti-breast-cancer activity with fewer side effects and superior pharmacological properties. On the basis of this QSAR model, five compounds are suggested as potential synthetic targets. Internal (cross-validation (LOO-q(2) and LMO-q(2)), quality factor (Q), Fischer statistics (F), and Y-randomization) and external validation tests have validated all the QSAR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwar P Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.
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Abstract
The therapeutic activity of most anticancer drugs in clinical use is limited by their general toxicity to proliferating cells, including some normal cells. Although, chemists continue to develop novel cytotoxic agents with unique mechanisms of action, many of these compounds still lack tumor selectivity and have not been therapeutically useful. Monoclonal antibodies that bind to specific markers on the surface of tumor cells offer an alternative therapy that is tumor specific and thus less toxic. Although highly selective, very few monoclonal antibodies are therapeutically useful since they only display modest cell killing activity. The linkage of monoclonal antibodies to highly cytotoxic drugs can be viewed as a means of (a) conferring higher tumor selectivity to cytotoxic drugs that are too toxic to be used on their own or (b) conferring cell killing power to monoclonal antibodies that are tumor-specific but not sufficiently cytotoxic. This Account provides a brief history of the development of antibody-drug conjugates and shows how the lessons learned from the first generation of conjugates has guided the development of more effective antitumor agents. The three components of antibody-drug conjugates, that is, the monoclonal anitbody, the cytotoxic drug, and the linker connecting the drug to the antibody, have been methodically studied and optimized. The antimitotic drug maytansine was chosen for use in the targeted delivery approach because of its high in vitro potency. Analogues of maytansine bearing a disulfide substituent that allowed linkage to monoclonal antibodies via disulfide bonds were prepared. These analogues retain the high potency of the parent drug. The stability of the disulfide link in antibody-maytansinoid conjugates was varied by introduction of methyl substituents on the carbon atoms geminal to the disulfide link. The optimized disulfide linker was stable in circulation in vivo. The circulation half-life of the cytotoxic drug was increased from just a few hours for the unconjugated drug to several days for the conjugate. Upon binding of the conjugate to the tumor cell, internalization and lysosomal processing released the potent cytotoxic agent inside the cell. These conjugates displayed high target-specific cytotoxicity in vitro. The antitumor activity of these targeted agents was superior to that of the antibodies alone or the standard anticancer drugs in human tumor xenograft models. Several conjugates from this new class of tumor-targeted anticancer agents are currrently undergoing clinical evaluation. The progress made in the targeted delivery approach and initial clinical results opens the door to the future development of highly potent drugs that were too toxic on their own to be therapeutically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi V J Chari
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 128 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Shukla R, Thomas TP, Peters JL, Desai AM, Kukowska-Latallo J, Patri AK, Kotlyar A, Baker JR. HER2 specific tumor targeting with dendrimer conjugated anti-HER2 mAb. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 17:1109-15. [PMID: 16984117 DOI: 10.1021/bc050348p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we report the synthesis and human growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) specific tumor targeting properties of a dendrimer conjugated to anti-HER2 mAb (monoclonal antibody) conjugate. The polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer generation five (G5) was labeled with alexaFluor 488 and conjugated to anti-HER2 mAb. The binding and internalization of the antibody-conjugated dendrimer to HER2-expressing cells was evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Uniquely, the conjugate demonstrated cellular uptake and internalization in HER2-expressing cells as compared to free antibody. The time course of internalization and blocking experiments with free antibody suggest that the rapid and efficient cellular internalization of the dendrimer-antibody conjugate was achieved without alterations in specificity of targeting. Animal studies demonstrated that the conjugate targets HER2-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwer Shukla
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, University of Michigan, 9220 MSRB III, Box 0648, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
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Pyo SH, Cho JS, Choi HJ, Han BH. Evaluation of paclitaxel rearrangement involving opening of the oxetane ring and migration of acetyl and benzoyl groups. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 43:1141-5. [PMID: 17029668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2006] [Revised: 08/26/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stability of drug is a critical factor in quality control, drug efficacy, safety, storage, and production conditions. The rearrangement of paclitaxel, which involves opening of the oxetane ring and migration of acetyl group occurred on heating a powder of purified paclitaxel. Subsequently, the unusual migration of benzoyl groups progressed rapidly in organic solvents. These rearrangement derivatives were isolated carefully. The structures of the intermediate derivative A and the product derivative B were confirmed using (1)H NMR, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and mass spectrometry. We proposed the rearrangement pathway here for the first time. Neither derivative exhibited bioactivity in SKOV3 (ovarian cancer) or MDA-MB-435 (breast cancer) cell culture assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Pyo
- Samyang Genex Food & Bio Research Center, 63-2 Hwaam-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-717, South Korea.
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Schrama D, Reisfeld RA, Becker JC. Antibody targeted drugs as cancer therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5:147-59. [PMID: 16424916 DOI: 10.1038/nrd1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of cancer is a double-edged sword: it should be as aggressive as possible to completely destroy the tumour, but it is precisely this aggressiveness which often causes severe side effects - a reason why some promising therapeutics can not be applied systemically. In addition, therapeutics such as cytokines that physiologically function in a para- or autocrine fashion require a locally enhanced level to exert their effect appropriately. An elegant way to accumulate therapeutic agents at the tumour site is their conjugation/fusion to tumour-specific antibodies. Here, we discuss recent preclinical and clinical data for antibody-drug conjugates and fusion proteins with a special focus on drug components that exert their antitumour effects through normal biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schrama
- University of Wuerzburg, Dermatology, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Neri D, Fossati G, Zanda M. Efforts toward the Total Synthesis of Tubulysins: New Hopes for a More Effective Targeted Drug Delivery to Tumors. ChemMedChem 2006; 1:175-80. [PMID: 16892348 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200500043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Neri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, ETH Hoenggerberg, HCI G396 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Dai J, Bai J, Hasegawa T, Nishizawa S, Sakai J, Oka S, Kiuchi M, Hirose K, Tomida A, Tsuruo T, Li M, Ando M. A New Taxoid from a Callus Culture of Taxus cuspidata as an MDR Reversal Agent. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:306-9. [PMID: 16508182 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new taxoid, 5alpha,13alpha-diacetoxy-10beta-cinnamoyloxy-4(20),11-taxadien-9alpha-ol (1) along with its 9,10-isomer, taxinine NN-11 (2) were isolated from the callus cultures of Taxus cuspidata. The structures were identified by the analyses of the spectral data and chemical method. Their in vitro cytotoxicity against 3 cell lines (HepG2, WI-38 and VA-13) and multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity toward 2780AD tumor cells were preliminarily evaluated, the low cytotoxicities and potent MDR reversal activities suggested that they might be good lead compounds of tumor MDR reversal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungui Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Japan.
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Górka M, Daniewski WM, Gajkowska B, Lusakowska E, Godlewski MM, Motyl T. Autophagy is the dominant type of programmed cell death in breast cancer MCF-7 cells exposed to AGS 115 and EFDAC, new sesquiterpene analogs of paclitaxel. Anticancer Drugs 2005; 16:777-88. [PMID: 16027528 DOI: 10.1097/01.cad.0000171514.50310.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of cell death induced by AGS 115 and EFDAC, sesquiterpene analogs of paclitaxel, was investigated in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The study was carried out using laser scanning cytometry, homeostatic confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy. AGS 115 and EFDAC exhibited a microtubule-stabilizing effect as confirmed by a significant increase in alpha-tubulin aggregation. Both paclitaxel analogs also induced death in MCF-7 cells. Evaluation of biochemical and morphological features suggested that the major form of programmed cell death induced by AGS 115 and EFDAC was autophagy. This was confirmed by MAP I LC3 expression and the ultrastructural pattern revealed by electron microscopy. Surface images of cells undergoing autophagy showed that, unlike during apoptosis, the dimensions remained unchanged, but the surface of the cell was deformed. The occurrence of apoptosis was confirmed by the efflux of Smac/DIABLO from mitochondria, caspase-7 activation and DNA loss, and did not exceed 9.7%. Therefore, AGS 115 and EFDAC appear to be promising candidates for further investigation in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Górka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland
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