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Chen PH, Hsu SJ, Chen CC, Fu JC, Hou DR. Synthesis of Diarylamines via Nitrosonium-Initiated C-N Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10316-10326. [PMID: 38950197 PMCID: PMC11267615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Electron-rich diarylamines, exemplified by anisole-derived amines, play pivotal roles in process chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and materials. In this study, homo-diarylamines were synthesized directly from the C-H activation of electron-rich arenes by sodium nitrate/trifluoroacetic acid and the successive treatment of iron powder. Mechanistic investigations reveal that nitrosoarene serves as the reaction intermediate, and the formation of the second C-N bond between the resulting nitrosoarene and electron-rich arene is catalyzed by the nitrosonium ion (NO+). Thus, hetero-diarylamines were synthesized using preformed nitrosoarenes and various electron-rich arenes. This reaction complements a range of cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by transition metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheng-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd., Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chen Fu
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd., Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Ren Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd., Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
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2
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EGFR-Targeted Cellular Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids Mediated by Boron Clusters. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314793. [PMID: 36499115 PMCID: PMC9740766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
New boron carriers with high boron content and targeted cancer-cell delivery are considered the first choice for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for cancer treatment. Previously, we have shown that composites of antisense oligonucleotide and boron clusters are functional nanoparticles for the downregulation of expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and can be loaded into EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells without a transfection factor. In this study, we hypothesize that free cellular uptake is mediated by binding and activation of the EGFR by boron clusters. Proteomic analysis of proteins pulled-down from various EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells using short oligonucleotide probes, conjugated to 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane (1,2-DCDDB, [C2B10H12]) and [(3,3'-Iron-1,2,1',2'-dicarbollide)-] (FESAN, [Fe(C2B9H11)2]-), evidenced that boron cage binds to EGFR subdomains. Moreover, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) and fluorescence microscopy analyses confirmed that FESANs-highly decorated B-ASOs were efficiently delivered and internalized by EGFR-overexpressing cells. Antisense reduction of EGFR in A431 and U87-MG cells resulted in decreased boron accumulation compared to control cells, indicating that cellular uptake of B-ASOs is related to EGFR-dependent internalization. The data obtained suggest that EGFR-mediated cellular uptake of B-ASO represents a novel strategy for cellular delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids (and possibly other medicines) conjugated to boron clusters.
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3
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Boron Clusters as Enhancers of RNase H Activity in the Smart Strategy of Gene Silencing by Antisense Oligonucleotides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012190. [PMID: 36293047 PMCID: PMC9603397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron cluster-conjugated antisense oligonucleotides (B-ASOs) have already been developed as therapeutic agents with “two faces”, namely as potential antisense inhibitors of gene expression and as boron carriers for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The previously observed high antisense activity of some B-ASOs targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) could not be rationally assigned to the positioning of the boron cluster unit: 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane (0), [(3,3′-Iron-1,2,1′,2′-dicarbollide) (1-), FESAN], and dodecaborate (2-) in the ASO chain and its structure or charge. For further understanding of this observation, we performed systematic studies on the efficiency of RNase H against a series of B-ASOs models. The results of kinetic analysis showed that pyrimidine-enriched B-ASO oligomers activated RNase H more efficiently than non-modified ASO. The presence of a single FESAN unit at a specific position of the B-ASO increased the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of complementary RNA more than 30-fold compared with unmodified duplex ASO/RNA. Moreover, the rate of RNA hydrolysis enhanced with the increase in the negative charge of the boron cluster in the B-ASO chain. In conclusion, a “smart” strategy using ASOs conjugated with boron clusters is a milestone for the development of more efficient antisense therapeutic nucleic acids as inhibitors of gene expression.
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Messner K, Vuong B, Tranmer GK. The Boron Advantage: The Evolution and Diversification of Boron’s Applications in Medicinal Chemistry. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030264. [PMID: 35337063 PMCID: PMC8948683 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the history of boron’s early use in drugs, and the history of the use of boron functional groups in medicinal chemistry applications are discussed. This includes diazaborines, boronic acids, benzoxaboroles, boron clusters, and carboranes. Furthermore, critical developments from these functional groups are highlighted along with recent developments, which exemplify potential prospects. Lastly, the application of boron in the form of a prodrug, softdrug, and as a nanocarrier are discussed to showcase boron’s emergence into new and exciting fields. Overall, we emphasize the evolution of organoboron therapeutic agents as privileged structures in medicinal chemistry and outline the impact that boron has had on drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Messner
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (K.M.); (B.V.)
| | - Billy Vuong
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (K.M.); (B.V.)
| | - Geoffrey K. Tranmer
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (K.M.); (B.V.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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5
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Gruzdev DA, Levit GL, Krasnov VP, Charushin VN. Carborane-containing amino acids and peptides: Synthesis, properties and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Design, synthesis and preliminary in-vitro studies of novel boronated monocarbonyl analogues of Curcumin (BMAC) for antitumor and β-amiloyd disaggregation activity. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Mori S, Tsuemoto N, Kasagawa T, Nakano E, Fujii S, Kagechika H. Development of Boron-Cluster-Based Progesterone Receptor Antagonists Bearing a Pentafluorosulfanyl (SF 5) Group. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1278-1283. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Mori
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Nozomi Tsuemoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Tomoya Kasagawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Eiichi Nakano
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Shinya Fujii
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
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8
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Ohta K, Kaise A, Taguchi F, Aoto S, Ogawa T, Endo Y. Design and Synthesis of Novel Breast Cancer Therapeutic Drug Candidates Based upon the Hydrophobic Feedback Approach of Antiestrogens. Molecules 2019; 24:E3966. [PMID: 31683895 PMCID: PMC6864722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Based upon hydrophobic feedback approaches, we designed and synthesized novel sulfur-containing ERα modulators (4 and 5) as breast cancer therapeutic drug candidates. The tetrahydrothiepine derivative 5a showed the highest binding affinity toward ERα because of its high hydrophobicity, and it acted as an agonist toward MCF-7 cell proliferation. The corresponding alkylamino derivative 5d maintained high binding affinity to ERα and potently inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation (IC50: 0.09 μM). Docking simulation studies of compound 5d with the ERα BD revealed that the large hydrophobic moiety of compound 5d fit well into the hydrophobic pocket of the ERα LBD and that the sulfur atom of compound 5d formed a sulfur-π interaction with the amino acid residue His524 of the ERα LBD. These interactions play important roles for the binding affinity of compound 5d to the ERα LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Ohta
- School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Asako Kaise
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Fumi Taguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Aoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Takumi Ogawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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9
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Watanabe M, Kakuta H. Retinoid X Receptor Antagonists. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082354. [PMID: 30103423 PMCID: PMC6121510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonists are not only useful as chemical tools for biological research, but are also candidate drugs for the treatment of various diseases, including diabetes and allergies, although no RXR antagonist has yet been approved for clinical use. In this review, we present a brief overview of RXR structure, function, and target genes, and describe currently available RXR antagonists, their structural classification, and their evaluation, focusing on the latest research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Watanabe
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kakuta
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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10
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Novel androgen receptor full antagonists: Design, synthesis, and a docking study of glycerol and aminoglycerol derivatives that contain p -carborane cages. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3805-3811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Kuperman M, Chernii S, Varzatskii O, Zhdanov A, Bykov A, Zhizhin K, Yarmoluk S, Kovalska V. The Discovery of the Effect of closo
-Borate on Amyloid Fibril Formation. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kuperman
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NASU; 150 Zabolotnogo St. 03143 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Chernii
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NASU; 150 Zabolotnogo St. 03143 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Oleg Varzatskii
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry NASU; 32/34 Palladin Av. 03080 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Andrey Zhdanov
- Kumakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry; 31 Leninskii Av. 119071 Moscow, the Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Bykov
- Kumakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry; 31 Leninskii Av. 119071 Moscow, the Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin Zhizhin
- Kumakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry; 31 Leninskii Av. 119071 Moscow, the Russian Federation
| | - Sergiy Yarmoluk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NASU; 150 Zabolotnogo St. 03143 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Vladyslava Kovalska
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NASU; 150 Zabolotnogo St. 03143 Kyiv Ukraine
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12
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Novel p-carborane-containing multitarget anticancer agents inspired by the metabolism of 17β-estradiol. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6371-6378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Mori S, Takagaki R, Fujii S, Urushibara K, Tanatani A, Kagechika H. Novel Non-steroidal Progesterone Receptor Ligands Based on m-Carborane Containing a Secondary Alcohol: Effect of Chirality on Ligand Activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:1051-1057. [PMID: 29093292 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The progesterone receptor (PR) controls various physiological processes, including the female reproductive system, and nonsteroidal PR ligands are considered to be drug candidates for treatment of various diseases without significant adverse effects. Here, we designed and synthesized m-carborane-based secondary alcohols and investigated their PR-ligand activity. All the synthesized alcohols exhibited PR-antagonistic activity at subnanomolar concentration. Among them, alcohols having a small alkyl side chain and a 4-cyanophenyl group also exhibited PR-agonistic activity in a relatively high concentration range. Optical resolution of secondary alcohols having a methyl side chain was performed, and the PR-ligand activity and PR-binding affinity of the purified enantiomers were examined. The chirality of the secondary alcohol appears to have a more significant influence on PR-agonistic activity than on antagonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Mori
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Ryohei Takagaki
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Shinya Fujii
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ko Urushibara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University
| | - Aya Tanatani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
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14
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Kaise A, Ohta K, Endo Y. Design, synthesis, and anti-proliferative activity of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-12-hydroxymethyl- p -carborane derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:257-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Tanaka T, Nishiura Y, Araki R, Saido T, Abe R, Aoki S. 11B NMR Probes of Copper(II): Finding and Implications of the Cu2+-Promoted Decomposition ofortho-Carborane Derivatives. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Fujii S. Expanding the chemical space of hydrophobic pharmacophores: the role of hydrophobic substructures in the development of novel transcription modulators. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00012f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between biologically active compounds and their targets often involve hydrophobic interactions, and hydrophobicity also influences the pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Fujii
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0032
- Japan
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17
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Satapathy R, Dash BP, Mahanta CS, Swain BR, Jena BB, Hosmane NS. Glycoconjugates of polyhedral boron clusters. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Certo M, Endo Y, Ohta K, Sakurada S, Bagetta G, Amantea D. Activation of RXR/PPARγ underlies neuroprotection by bexarotene in ischemic stroke. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:298-307. [PMID: 26546745 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The identification of novel drug targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke is currently an urgent challenge. Recent experimental findings have highlighted the neuroprotective potential of immunomodulatory strategies, based on polarization of myeloid cells toward non-inflammatory, beneficial phenotypes. Given the role of retinoid X receptors (RXR) in myeloid cells differentiation and polarization, here we have explored the neuroprotective potential of the RXR agonist bexarotene in mice subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. Acute administration of bexarotene significantly reduced blood brain barrier leakage, brain infarct damage and neurological deficit produced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice, without affecting cerebral blood flow. The rexinoid exerted neuroprotection with a wide time-window, being effective when administered up to 4.5h after the insult. The amelioration of histological outcome, as well as the ability of bexarotene to revert middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo)-induced spleen atrophy, was antagonised by BR1211, a pan-RXR antagonist, or by the selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ antagonist bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), highlighting the involvement of the RXR/PPARγ heterodimer in the beneficial effects exerted by the drug. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that bexarotene elevates Ym1-immunopositive N2 neutrophils both in the ipsilateral hemisphere and in the spleen of mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, pointing to a major role for peripheral neutrophil polarization in neuroprotection. Thus, our findings suggest that the RXR agonist bexarotene exerts peripheral immunomodulatory effects under ischemic conditions to be effectively repurposed for the acute therapy of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Certo
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Yasuyuki Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiminori Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinobu Sakurada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Diana Amantea
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy.
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19
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Ohta K, Chiba Y, Kaise A, Endo Y. Structure-activity relationship study of diphenylamine-based estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:861-7. [PMID: 25614118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have reported the design and synthesis of novel estrogen receptor (ER) agonists with a diphenylamine skeleton, which has several advantages over the formerly used diphenylmethane skeleton for drug development. Here, we confirmed the versatility of the diphenylamine skeleton by designing and synthesizing ER antagonist candidates bearing a basic alkylamino side chain on one of the two phenol groups of the diphenylamine agonist core structure. Among the tested compounds, cyclic alkylamine-containing derivatives showed more potent ER-antagonistic activity than the corresponding acyclic derivatives in cell proliferation assay using the MCF-7 cell line. Compound 5e showed the most potent antiestrogenic activity (IC50: 1.3×10(-7)M), being 10times more potent than tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yuki Chiba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Asako Kaise
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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Design and synthesis of tetraol derivatives of 1,12-dicarba- closo -dodecaborane as non-secosteroidal vitamin D analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4515-4519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Yamada S, Makishima M. Structure-activity relationship of nonsecosteroidal vitamin D receptor modulators. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:324-37. [PMID: 24865943 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR), a receptor for the secosteroid 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], is a promising drug target in the treatment of bone and mineral disorders, cancer, autoimmune disease, infection, and cardiovascular disease. Indeed, approximately 100 nonsecosteroidal VDR modulators (VDRMs) have been developed. Analysis of X-ray crystal structures reveals: (i) nonsecosteroidal VDRMs bind to VDR in a position similar to 1,25(OH)2D3; (ii) hydrogen bond interactions between ligands and VDR are the most important for VDR binding; (iii) hydrophobic interactions and CH-π interactions in aromatic ligands are also important for VDR binding; and (iv) exchange of C-O-C linkage to C-CH2-C linkage in VDRMs increases transactivation activity, probably as a result of an entropic effect of solvation/desolvation of molecules. Several VDRMs have better therapeutic efficacy when compared to 1,25(OH)2D3 in experimental models of cancer and osteoporosis with less induction of hypercalcemia, a major potential adverse effect in the clinical application of VDR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Yamada
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
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22
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Fujii S, Kano A, Songkram C, Masuno H, Taoda Y, Kawachi E, Hirano T, Tanatani A, Kagechika H. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of p-carborane-based non-secosteroidal vitamin D analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1227-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ohta K, Kawachi E, Shudo K, Kagechika H. Structure-activity relationship study on benzoic acid part of diphenylamine-based retinoids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:81-4. [PMID: 23217961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Based on structure-activity relationship studies of the benzoic acid part of diphenylamine-based retinoids, the potent RXR agonist 4 was derivatized to obtain retinoid agonists, synergists, and an antagonist. Cinnamic acid derivatives 5 and phenylpropionic acid derivatives 6 showed retinoid agonistic and synergistic activities, respectively. The difference of the activities is considered to be due to differences in the flexibility of the carboxylic acid-containing substituent on the diphenylamine skeleton. Compound 7, bearing a methyl group at the meta position to the carboxyl group, was an antagonist, dose-dependently inhibiting HL-60 cell differentiation induced by 3.3 × 10(-10)M Am80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinoid X receptors (subtypes RXRα or NR2B1, RXRβ or NR2B2 and RXRγ or NR2B3, which originate from three distinct genes) are promiscuous partners with heterodimeric associations to other members of the Nuclear Receptor (NR) superfamily. Some of the heterodimers are "permissive" and transcriptionally active in the presence of either an RXR ligand ("rexinoid") or a NR partner ligand, whereas others are "non-permissive" and unresponsive to rexinoids alone. In rodent models, rexinoids and partner agonists (mainly PPARγ, LXR, FXR) produce beneficial effects on insulin sensitization, diabetes and obesity, but secondary effects have also been noted, such as a raise in tryglyceride levels, supression of the thyroid hormone axis and induction of hepatomegaly. AREAS COVERED The authors review recent advances in rexinoid design, including further optimization of known scaffolds, and the discovery of novel RXR modulators by virtual ligand screening or from bioactive natural products. The understanding of rexinoid functions in permissive and non-permissive heterodimers is firmly based on structural knowledge. By strenghtening or disrupting the interaction surface with coregulators rexinoids exert agonist or (partial) antagonist activities. The activity state of the heterodimer can also be fine-tuned by the cellular context and the nature of coregulators. EXPERT OPINION The synthetic chemistry toolbox has provided a panel of agonists, partial (ant)agonists and/or heterodimer-selective rexinoids starting from existing, naturally occurring or serendipitously discovered scaffolds. These compounds have an unexplored therapeutic potential that might overcome some of the current limitations of rexinoids in therapy, such as hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Vaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Wongmayura A, Fujii S, Ito S, Kano A, Taoda Y, Kawachi E, Kagechika H, Tanatani A. Novel vitamin D receptor ligands bearing a spherical hydrophobic core structure--comparison of bicyclic hydrocarbon derivatives with boron cluster derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1756-60. [PMID: 22285943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear receptor for 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1α,25(OH)(2)D(3)), and is an attractive target for multiple clinical applications. We recently developed novel non-secosteroidal VDR ligands bearing a hydrophobic p-carborane cage, thereby establishing the utility of this spherical hydrophobic core structure for development of VDR ligands. Here, we synthesized two series of novel non-secosteroidal VDR ligands with different spherical hydrophobic cores, that is, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives and p-carborane derivatives, and compared their biological activities in order to examine the difference between the interactions of the C-H hydrocarbon surface and the B-H carborane surface with the receptor. Carborane derivatives exhibited more potent differentiation-inducing activity toward HL-60 cells than did the corresponding bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives. These results suggest that the hydrophobic carborane cage may interact more efficiently than the hydrocarbons with the hydrophobic surface of VDR. This finding further supports the view that carborane structure is a promising option for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angsuma Wongmayura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Fujii S, Ohta K, Goto T, Oda A, Masuno H, Endo Y, Kagechika H. Development of androgen receptor ligands by application of ten-vertex para-carborane as a novel hydrophobic core structure. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00294a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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27
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Fujii S, Masuno H, Taoda Y, Kano A, Wongmayura A, Nakabayashi M, Ito N, Shimizu M, Kawachi E, Hirano T, Endo Y, Tanatani A, Kagechika H. Boron Cluster-based Development of Potent Nonsecosteroidal Vitamin D Receptor Ligands: Direct Observation of Hydrophobic Interaction between Protein Surface and Carborane. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:20933-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja208797n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshiyuki Taoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Angsuma Wongmayura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasuyuki Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Aya Tanatani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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28
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A highly radiopaque vertebroplasty cement using tetraiodinated o-carborane additive. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6389-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Scholz M, Hey-Hawkins E. Carbaboranes as pharmacophores: properties, synthesis, and application strategies. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7035-62. [PMID: 21780840 DOI: 10.1021/cr200038x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Scholz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Germany
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Issa F, Kassiou M, Rendina LM. Boron in drug discovery: carboranes as unique pharmacophores in biologically active compounds. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5701-22. [PMID: 21718011 DOI: 10.1021/cr2000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatiah Issa
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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31
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Crystal structure, docking study and structure–activity relationship of carborane-containing androgen receptor antagonist 3-(12-hydroxymethyl-1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)benzonitrile. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3540-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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32
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Fujii S, Yamada A, Tomita K, Nagano M, Goto T, Ohta K, Harayama T, Endo Y, Kagechika H. p-Carborane-based androgen antagonists active in LNCaP cells with a mutated androgen receptor. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00001b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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33
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Goto T, Ohta K, Fujii S, Ohta S, Endo Y. Design and Synthesis of Androgen Receptor Full Antagonists Bearing a p-Carborane Cage: Promising Ligands for Anti-Androgen Withdrawal Syndrome. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4917-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100316f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhito Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Kiminori Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujii
- School of Medical Science, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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34
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Novel estrogen receptor (ER) modulators: Carbamate and thiocarbamate derivatives with m-carborane bisphenol structure. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7958-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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35
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Okamura M, Takano Y, Saito Y, Yao J, Kitamura M. Induction of nephrin gene expression by selective cooperation of the retinoic acid receptor and the vitamin D receptor. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:3006-12. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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36
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Sivaev IB, Bregadze VV. Polyhedral Boranes for Medical Applications: Current Status and Perspectives. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor B. Sivaev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russia, Fax: +7‐499‐1355085
| | - Vladimir V. Bregadze
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russia, Fax: +7‐499‐1355085
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37
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Ogawa T, Ohta K, Iijima T, Suzuki T, Ohta S, Endo Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of p-carborane bisphenols and their derivatives: Structure–activity relationship for estrogenic activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:1109-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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38
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Ohta K, Konno S, Endo Y. Complexation of .ALPHA.-Cyclodextrin with Carborane Derivatives in Aqueous Solution. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:307-10. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shunsuke Konno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yasuyuki Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University
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39
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Ohta K, Chiba Y, Ogawa T, Endo Y. Promising core structure for nuclear receptor ligands: Design and synthesis of novel estrogen receptor ligands based on diphenylamine skeleton. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5050-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Ohta K, Goto T, Fijii S, Suzuki T, Ohta S, Endo Y. Design and synthesis of carborane-containing androgen receptor (AR) antagonist bearing a pyridine ring. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8022-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 07/19/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Modulators of the structural dynamics of the retinoid X receptor to reveal receptor function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:17323-8. [PMID: 17947383 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705356104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRalpha, -beta, and -gamma) occupy a central position in the nuclear receptor superfamily, because they form heterodimers with many other family members and hence are involved in the control of a variety of (patho)physiologic processes. Selective RXR ligands, referred to as rexinoids, are already used or are being developed for cancer therapy and have promise for the treatment of metabolic diseases. However, important side effects remain associated with existing rexinoids. Here we describe the rational design and functional characterization of a spectrum of RXR modulators ranging from partial to pure antagonists and demonstrate their utility as tools to probe the implication of RXRs in cell biological phenomena. One of these ligands renders RXR activity particularly sensitive to coactivator levels and has the potential to act as a cell-specific RXR modulator. A combination of crystallographic and fluorescence anisotropy studies reveals the molecular details accounting for the agonist-to-antagonist transition and provides direct experimental evidence for a correlation between the pharmacological activity of a ligand and its impact on the structural dynamics of the activation helix H12. Using RXR and its cognate ligands as a model system, our correlative analysis of 3D structures and dynamic data provides an original view on ligand actions and enables the establishment of mechanistic concepts, which will aid in the development of selective nuclear receptor modulators.
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42
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Ohta K, Goto T, Yamazaki H, Pichierri F, Endo Y. Facile and Efficient Synthesis of C-Hydroxycarboranes and C,C‘-Dihydroxycarboranes. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:3966-70. [PMID: 17429958 DOI: 10.1021/ic062025q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
C-Hydroxylated carboranes, carboranols, have interesting properties resulting from their hydroxyl protons being highly acidic because of the electron-deficient nature of the carborane cage. We described here an efficient synthesis of C-hydroxycarboranes 2 and C,C'-dihydroxycarboranes 3 by the reaction of carboranyl lithium and trimethylborate, followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of acetic acid, to afford the corresponding o-, m-, and p-hydroxycarboranes 2 and o-, m-, and p-dihydroxycarboranes 3 selectively in high yields through a one-pot procedure. The m- and p-carborane isomers of 2 and 3 were obtained in especially good yields (2b, 85%; 2c, 85%; 3b, 95%; 3c, 96%). DFT calculations were performed on the dihydroxycarboranes 3 to compare the geometrical features of the isomers at the same level of theory and to characterize their electronic and NMR spectroscopic (13C chemical shift) properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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43
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Julius RL, Farha OK, Chiang J, Perry LJ, Hawthorne MF. Synthesis and evaluation of transthyretin amyloidosis inhibitors containing carborane pharmacophores. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:4808-13. [PMID: 17360344 PMCID: PMC1829220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0700316104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboranes represent a potentially rich but underutilized class of inorganic and catabolism-inert pharmacophores. The regioselectivity and ease of derivatization of carboranes allows for facile syntheses of a wide variety of novel structures. The steric bulk, rigidity, and ease of B- and C-derivatization and lack of pi-interactions associated with hydrophobic carboranes may be exploited to enhance the selectivity of previously identified bioactive molecules. Transthyretin (TTR) is a thyroxine-transport protein found in the blood that has been implicated in a variety of amyloid related diseases. Previous investigations have identified a variety of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and structurally related derivatives that imbue kinetic stabilization to TTR, thus inhibiting its dissociative fragmentation and subsequent aggregation to form putative toxic amyloid fibrils. However, the cyclooxygenase (COX) activity associated with these pharmaceuticals may limit their potential as long-term therapeutic agents for TTR amyloid diseases. Here, we report the synthesis and evaluation of carborane-containing analogs of the promising NSAID pharmaceuticals previously identified. The replacement of a phenyl ring in the NSAIDs with a carborane moiety greatly decreases their COX activity with the retention of similar efficacy as an inhibitor of TTR dissociation. The most promising of these compounds, 1-carboxylic acid-7-[3-fluorophenyl]-1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane, showed effectively no COX-1 or COX-2 inhibition at a concentration more than an order of magnitude larger than the concentration at which TTR dissociation is nearly completely inhibited. This specificity is indicative of the potential for the exploitation of the unique properties of carboranes as potent and selective pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Julius
- *Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | | | - Janet Chiang
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, and
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
| | - L. Jeanne Perry
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, and
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
| | - M. Frederick Hawthorne
- *Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri–Columbia, 202 Schlundt Hall, Columbia, MO 65211. E-mail:
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Fanfrlík J, Hnyk D, Lepsík M, Hobza P. Interaction of heteroboranes with biomolecules : Part 2. The effect of various metal vertices and exo-substitutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:2085-93. [PMID: 17464389 DOI: 10.1039/b617776j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Icosahedral heteroboranes and especially metallacarboranes, which have recently been shown to act as potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors, are a unique class of chemical compounds with unusual properties, one of which is the formation of dihydrogen bonds with biomolecules. In this study, we investigate the effect of various metal vertices and exo-substitutions on several series of heteroboranes, including 11-vertex carborane cages [nido-7,8-C2B9Hn]n-13(n= 11,12,13), closo-1-SB11H11, closo-1-NB11H12, metal bis(dicarbollides)[3,3'-M (1,2-C2B9H11)2]n(M/n=Fe/2-, Co/1-, Ni/0) and fluoro (F), amino (NH2) and hydroxo (OH) derivatives of the metal bis(dicarbollides). Besides the properties of isolated systems (geometries, electronic properties and hydration), we study their interactions with a tetrapeptide, which models their biomolecular partner. Calculations have confirmed that the extra hydrogen in [nido-7,8-C2B9H12]- forms a bridge, which fluctuates between two stationary states. Using RESP-derived charges, it was ascertained that the negative charge of heteroboranes is located mainly on boron-bound hydrogens. An increase of the negative total charge (from 0 to -1 or -2) of heteroboranes yields an increase in the stabilisation energies of heteroborane[dot dot dot]peptide complexes and also a substantial increase in the hydration free energies of heteroboranes. Compared to the substitutions of metal vertices, the exo-substitutions of metallacarboranes cause a larger increase in stabilisation energies and a smaller increase in desolvation penalties. These two terms, stabilisation energies and desolvation penalties, contribute in opposite directions to the total heteroborane-biomolecule binding energy and must both be taken into account when designing new HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindrich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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45
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Armstrong AF, Valliant JF. The bioinorganic and medicinal chemistry of carboranes: from new drug discovery to molecular imaging and therapy. Dalton Trans 2007:4240-51. [PMID: 17893811 DOI: 10.1039/b709843j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of carboranes in medicinal chemistry has diversified in recent years and now extends into areas of drug discovery, molecular imaging, and targeted radionuclide therapy. An introduction to carborane chemistry is provided to familiarize the non-expert with some key properties of these molecules, followed by an overview of current medicinally-orientated research involving carboranes. The broad-ranging nature of this research is illustrated, with emphasis placed on recent highlights and advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
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46
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Calléja C, Messaddeq N, Chapellier B, Yang H, Krezel W, Li M, Metzger D, Mascrez B, Ohta K, Kagechika H, Endo Y, Mark M, Ghyselinck NB, Chambon P. Genetic and pharmacological evidence that a retinoic acid cannot be the RXR-activating ligand in mouse epidermis keratinocytes. Genes Dev 2006; 20:1525-38. [PMID: 16751185 PMCID: PMC1475764 DOI: 10.1101/gad.368706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate that both RARgamma/RXRalpha heterodimers involved in repression events, as well as PPARbeta(delta)/RXRalpha heterodimers involved in activation events, are cell-autonomously required in suprabasal keratinocytes for the generation of lamellar granules (LG), the organelles instrumental to the formation of the skin permeability barrier. In activating PPARbeta(delta)/RXRalpha heterodimers, RXRalpha is transcriptionally active as its AF-2 activation function is required and can be inhibited by an RXR-selective antagonist. Within repressing RARgamma/RXRalpha heterodimers, induction of the transcriptional activity of RXRalpha is subordinated to the addition of an agonistic ligand for RARgamma. Thus, the ligand that possibly binds and activates RXRalpha heterodimerized with PPARbeta(delta) cannot be a retinoic acid, as it would also bind RARgamma and relieve the RARgamma-mediated repression, thereby yielding abnormal LGs. Our data also demonstrate for the first time that subordination of RXR transcriptional activity to that of its RAR partner plays a crucial role in vivo, because it allows RXRs to act concomitantly, within the same cell, as heterodimerization partners for repression, as well as for activation events in which they are transcriptionally active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Calléja
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
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Ohta K, Yamazaki H, Endo Y. NMR study of 1-aryl-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes: intramolecular C–H⋯O hydrogen bonding in solution. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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48
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Goto T, Ohta K, Suzuki T, Ohta S, Endo Y. Design and synthesis of novel androgen receptor antagonists with sterically bulky icosahedral carboranes. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6414-24. [PMID: 16099660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Revised: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Carboranes (dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes) are a class of carbon-containing polyhedral boron-cluster compounds having remarkable chemical and thermal stability, and hydrophobic character. These features may allow application of carboranes as a new hydrophobic core structure in biologically active molecules that interact hydrophobically with receptors. Here, we report the design and synthesis of novel androgen antagonists bearing a carborane moiety. These compounds, particularly 8a, 8c, and 9d, exhibited anti-androgenic activity similar to that of the well-known anti-androgen flutamide in reporter gene assay using NIH3T3 cells transfected with a human AR expression plasmid. The carborane cage seems to be a privileged hydrophobic pharmacophore for the expression of AR-antagonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhito Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Kagechika H, Shudo K. Synthetic Retinoids: Recent Developments Concerning Structure and Clinical Utility. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5875-83. [PMID: 16161990 DOI: 10.1021/jm0581821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kagechika
- School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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