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Bhurta D, Bharate SB. Styryl Group, a Friend or Foe in Medicinal Chemistry. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100706. [PMID: 35166041 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The styryl (Ph-CH=CH-R) group is widely represented in medicinally important compounds, including drugs, clinical candidates, and molecular probes as it positively impacts the lipophilicity, oral absorption, and biological activity. The analysis of matched molecular pairs (styryl vs. phenethyl, phenyl, methyl, H) for the biological activity indicates the superiority aspect of styryl compounds. However, the Michael acceptor site in the styryl group makes it amenable to the nucleophilic attack by biological nucleophiles and transformation to the toxic metabolites. One of the downsides of styryl compounds is isomerization that impacts the molecular conformation and directly affects biological activity. The impact of cis-trans isomerism and isosteric replacements on biological activity is exemplified. We also discuss the styryl group-bearing drugs, clinical candidates, and fluorescent probes. Overall, the present review reveals the utility of the styryl group in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deendyal Bhurta
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Natural Products and medicinal chemistry, 180001, Jammu, INDIA
| | - Sandip Bibishan Bharate
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine CSIR, Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, Canal Road, 180001, Jammu, INDIA
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Yakura T, Fujiwara T. Synthesis of Sphingosine-Related Azetidine Alkaloids, Penaresidins: Construction of Highly Substituted Azetidine Rings. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-19-sr(f)3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lee HJ, Jung YH, Choi GE, Kim JS, Chae CW, Lim JR, Kim SY, Lee JE, Park MC, Yoon JH, Choi MJ, Kim KS, Han HJ. O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate stimulates HIF1α-dependent glycolytic reprogramming to enhance the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:590. [PMID: 31383843 PMCID: PMC6683124 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (cP1P) is a novel chemically synthesized sphingosine metabolite derived from phytosphingosine-1-phosphate. Although structurally similar to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), its biological properties in stem cells remain to be reported. We investigated the effect of cP1P on the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their regulatory mechanism. We found that, under hypoxia, cP1P suppressed MSC mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Metabolic data revealed that cP1P stimulated glycolysis via the upregulation of glycolysis-related genes. cP1P-induced hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) plays a key role for MSC glycolytic reprogramming and transplantation efficacy. The intracellular calcium-dependent PKCα/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway triggered by cP1P regulated HIF1α translation via S6K1, which is critical for HIF1 activation. Furthermore, the cP1P-activated mTOR pathway induced bicaudal D homolog 1 expression, leading to HIF1α nuclear translocation. In conclusion, cP1P enhances the therapeutic potential of MSC through mTOR-dependent HIF1α translation and nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee Euhn Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yihl Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Eun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyeon Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Jun Choi
- Axcesobiopharma, 268 Hakuiro, Dongan-gu, Anyang, 14056, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Chaumont P, Baudoux J, Maddaluno J, Rouden J, Harrison-Marchand A. Access to Anti or Syn 2-Amino-1,3-diol Scaffolds from a Common Decarboxylative Aldol Adduct. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8081-8091. [PMID: 29953234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward synthetic pathway allowing the access to anti or syn 2-amino-1,3-diol scaffolds is presented. The strategy relies on a diastereoselective organocatalyzed decarboxylative aldol reaction of a N-Boc-hemimalonate that is easily formed from commercial N-Boc-diethyl malonate. Although this method has been optimized previously with the N-Bz-hemimalonate analogue, this key step was reinvestigated with the N-Boc derivative to improve the required reaction time, the yield, and the diastereoselectivity. The new conditions enhance this transformation, and quantitative yields and anti/syn ratios up to 96:4 can be obtained. The anti aldol product was easily isolated in pure form and then taken forward as the key precursor in the preparation of both a set of ten N-/O-alkylated anti 2-amino-1,3-diol derivatives and the syn congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Chaumont
- Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) , Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Jérome Baudoux
- Laboratoire LCMT (UMR 6507 & FR 3038) , Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS , 14000 Caen , France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) , Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Jacques Rouden
- Laboratoire LCMT (UMR 6507 & FR 3038) , Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS , 14000 Caen , France
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) , Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen , France
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Schilson SS, Keul P, Shaikh RS, Schäfers M, Levkau B, Haufe G. Synthesis of new ligands for targeting the S1P1 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1011-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dai Z, Green TK. Synthesis of aromatic sphingosine analogues by diastereoselective amination of enantioenriched trans-γ,δ-unsaturated β-hydroxyesters. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7778-84. [PMID: 25046474 DOI: 10.1021/jo501533g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An effective route to N-Boc-protected aromatic sphingosine analogues is accomplished. The strategy is based on the diastereoselective amination of enantioenriched trans-γ,δ-unsaturated β-hydroxyesters to establish anti,N-Boc-α-hydrazino-β-hydroxyesters. Nonreductive E1cB elimination is essential for the successful N-N bond cleavage of hydrazine while preserving the trans double bond. Either the (3R,2S) and (3S,2R) enantiomer of N-Boc-protected sphingosine analogues has been synthesized in five steps with excellent optical purity with ∼99% ee and >99% de.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska , Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
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Passiniemi M, Koskinen AMP. Garner's aldehyde as a versatile intermediate in the synthesis of enantiopure natural products. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2641-59. [PMID: 24367429 PMCID: PMC3869249 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its introduction to the synthetic community in 1984, Garner's aldehyde has gained substantial attention as a chiral intermediate for the synthesis of numerous amino alcohol derivatives. This review presents some of the most successful carbon chain elongation reactions, namely carbonyl alkylations and olefinations. The literature is reviewed with particular attention on understanding how to avoid the deleterious epimerization of the existing stereocenter in Garner's aldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Passiniemi
- Aalto-University, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 16100 (Kemistintie 1), FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Ari MP Koskinen
- Aalto-University, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 16100 (Kemistintie 1), FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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9
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Goretta SA, Kinoshita M, Mori S, Tsuchikawa H, Matsumori N, Murata M. Effects of chemical modification of sphingomyelin ammonium group on formation of liquid-ordered phase. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4012-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Moreno M, Murruzzu C, Riera A. Enantioselective Synthesis of Sphingadienines and Aromatic Ceramide Analogs. Org Lett 2011; 13:5184-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Moreno
- Unitat de Recerca en Síntesi Asimètrica (URSA-PCB), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) and Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Baldiri Reixac, 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caterina Murruzzu
- Unitat de Recerca en Síntesi Asimètrica (URSA-PCB), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) and Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Baldiri Reixac, 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Unitat de Recerca en Síntesi Asimètrica (URSA-PCB), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) and Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Baldiri Reixac, 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Kumar G, Kaur S, Singh V. Efficient Synthesis of a Styryl Analogue of (2S,3R,4E)-N2-Octadecanoyl-4-tetradecasphingenine via Cross-Metathesis Reaction. Helv Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Kumar P, Dubey A, Puranik VG. A general and concise asymmetric synthesis of sphingosine, safingol and phytosphingosines via tethered aminohydroxylation. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5074-86. [PMID: 20844791 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
A novel, practical and efficient enantioselective synthesis of sphingoid bases, l-threo-[2S,3S]-sphinganine (safingol), l-threo-[2S,3S]-sphingosine, l-arabino-[2R,3S,4R] and l-xylo-[2R,3S,4S]-C(18)-phytosphingosine is described. The synthetic strategy features the Sharpless kinetic resolution and tethered aminohydroxylation (TA) as the key steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
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Al-Lihaibi SS, Ayyad SEN, Shaher F, Alarif WM. Antibacterial Sphingolipid and Steroids from the Black Coral Antipathes dichotoma. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:1635-8. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fekry Shaher
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
| | - Walied Mohamed Alarif
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
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Delgado A, Casas J, Llebaria A, Abad JL, Fabriás G. Chemical tools to investigate sphingolipid metabolism and functions. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:580-606. [PMID: 17252619 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids comprise an important group of biomolecules, some of which have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of many cell functions. From a structural standpoint, they all share a long 2-amino-1,3-diol chain, which can be either saturated (sphinganine), hydroxylated at C4 (phytosphingosine), or unsaturated at C4 (sphingosine) as in most mammalian cells. N-acylation of sphingosine leads to ceramide, a key intermediate in sphingolipid metabolism that can be enzymatically modified at the C1-OH position to other biologically important sphingolipids, such as sphingomyelin or glycosphingolipids. In addition, both ceramide and sphingosine can be phosphorylated at C1-OH to give ceramide-1-phosphate and sphingosine-1-phosphate, respectively. To better understand the biological and biophysical roles of sphingolipids, many efforts have been made to design synthetic analogues as chemical tools able to unravel their structure-activity relationships, and to alter their cellular levels. This last approach has been thoroughly studied by the development of specific inhibitors of some key enzymes that play an important role in biosynthesis or metabolism of these intriguing lipids. With the above premises in mind, the aim of this review is to collect, in a systematic way, the recent efforts described in the literature leading to the development of new chemical entities specifically designed to achieve the above goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Delgado
- Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules, Departament de Química Orgànica Biològica, Institut d'Investigacions Químiques i Ambientals de Barcelona (C.S.I.C); Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Grijalvo S, Llebaria A, Delgado A. Straightforward Access to Simplified Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate Analogues. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701466030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yang H, Liebeskind LS. A concise and scalable synthesis of high enantiopurity (-)-D-erythro-sphingosine using peptidyl thiol ester-boronic acid cross-coupling. Org Lett 2007; 9:2993-5. [PMID: 17608484 PMCID: PMC2663357 DOI: 10.1021/ol070991m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A short and efficient synthesis of high enantiopurity (-)-D-erythro-sphingosine has been achieved in 71% yield over 6 steps from N-Boc-L-serine. The key steps are high yield, racemization-free, palladium-catalyzed, copper(I)-mediated coupling of the thiophenyl ester of N-Boc-O-TBS L-serine with E-1-pentadecenyl boronic acid and the highly diastereoselective reduction of the resulting peptidyl ketone with LiAl(O-t-Bu)3H. By using this concise route (-)-D-erythro-sphingosine can be prepared on large scale and in high enantio- and diastereopurity (ee >99%, de up to 99%).
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Ohshita K, Ishiyama H, Takahashi Y, Ito J, Mikami Y, Kobayashi J. Synthesis of penaresidin derivatives and its biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4910-6. [PMID: 17509887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of stereoisomers for the azetidine ring of penaresidin B was synthesized and their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. Among six synthetic isomers 1-6, isomers 4 and 5 showed relatively potent cytotoxic activity against A549 (lung) and HT29 (colon) tumor cells as well as antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Ohshita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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