1
|
Val C, Rodríguez-García C, Prieto-Díaz R, Crespo A, Azuaje J, Carbajales C, Majellaro M, Díaz-Holguín A, Brea JM, Loza MI, Gioé-Gallo C, Contino M, Stefanachi A, García-Mera X, Estévez JC, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Sotelo E. Optimization of 2-Amino-4,6-diarylpyrimidine-5-carbonitriles as Potent and Selective A 1 Antagonists. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2091-2106. [PMID: 35068155 PMCID: PMC8842224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We herein document a large collection of 108 2-amino-4,6-disubstituted-pyrimidine derivatives as potent, structurally simple, and highly selective A1AR ligands. The most attractive ligands were confirmed as antagonists of the canonical cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway, and some pharmacokinetic parameters were preliminarilly evaluated. The library, built through a reliable and efficient three-component reaction, comprehensively explored the chemical space allowing the identification of the most prominent features of the structure-activity and structure-selectivity relationships around this scaffold. These included the influence on the selectivity profile of the aromatic residues at positions R4 and R6 of the pyrimidine core but most importantly the prominent role to the unprecedented A1AR selectivity profile exerted by the methyl group introduced at the exocyclic amino group. The structure-activity relationship trends on both A1 and A2AARs were conveniently interpreted with rigorous free energy perturbation simulations, which started from the receptor-driven docking model that guided the design of these series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Val
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-García
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Rubén Prieto-Díaz
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75124, Sweden
| | - Abel Crespo
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Jhonny Azuaje
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Carlos Carbajales
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Maria Majellaro
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | | | - José M. Brea
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades
Crónicas (CiMUS), Universidade de
Santiago de Compostela, Santiago
de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Loza
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades
Crónicas (CiMUS), Universidade de
Santiago de Compostela, Santiago
de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Claudia Gioé-Gallo
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università
degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, via Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Angela Stefanachi
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università
degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, via Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Juan C. Estévez
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | | | - Eddy Sotelo
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li W, Hu B, Liu H, Luan J, Chen L, Wang S, Fan L, Wang J. In silico investigation of the selectivity mechanism of A 1AR and A 2AAR antagonism. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03536g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR) are AR isoforms that share high homology but play many different roles in terms of regulating arteriolar pressure and urine flow as well as relieving neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design &Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Baichun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design &Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design &Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design &Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design &Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design &Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Liye Fan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design &Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design &Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hagenow S, Affini A, Pioli EY, Hinz S, Zhao Y, Porras G, Namasivayam V, Müller CE, Lin JS, Bezard E, Stark H. Adenosine A 2AR/A 1R Antagonists Enabling Additional H 3R Antagonism for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8246-8262. [PMID: 34107215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A1/A2A receptors (A1R/A2AR) represent targets in nondopaminergic treatment of motor disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). As an innovative strategy, multitargeting ligands (MTLs) were developed to achieve comprehensive PD therapies simultaneously addressing comorbid symptoms such as sleep disruption. Recognizing the wake-promoting capacity of histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists in combination with the "caffeine-like effects" of A1R/A2AR antagonists, we designed A1R/A2AR/H3R MTLs, where a piperidino-/pyrrolidino(propyloxy)phenyl H3R pharmacophore was introduced with overlap into an adenosine antagonist arylindenopyrimidine core. These MTLs showed distinct receptor binding profiles with overall nanomolar H3R affinities (Ki < 55 nM). Compound 4 (ST-2001, Ki (A1R) = 11.5 nM, Ki (A2AR) = 7.25 nM) and 12 (ST-1992, Ki (A1R) = 11.2 nM, Ki (A2AR) = 4.01 nM) were evaluated in vivo. l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia was improved after administration of compound 4 (1 mg kg-1, i.p. rats). Compound 12 (2 mg kg-1, p.o. mice) increased wakefulness representing novel pharmacological tools for PD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hagenow
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaets street 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Affini
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaets street 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Elsa Y Pioli
- Motac Neuroscience Limited, SK10 4TF Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Sonja Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Alfred-Herrhausen-Street 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM UI028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard University, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France
| | | | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM UI028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard University, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Motac Neuroscience Limited, SK10 4TF Macclesfield, U.K
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaets street 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fazlinia A, Sheikh S. Liquid Glass Catalyzed Three-Component Preparation of 2-Amino-4-Aryl-5H-Indeno[1,2-d]Pyrimidin-5-One Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2018.1550793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Fazlinia
- Department of Chemistry, Zarghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, Iran
| | - Setareh Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jamwal S, Mittal A, Kumar P, Alhayani DM, Al-Aboudi A. Therapeutic Potential of Agonists and Antagonists of A1, A2a, A2b and A3 Adenosine Receptors. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2892-2905. [PMID: 31333104 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside and an essential component of the energy production and utilization systems of the body. Adenosine is formed by the degradation of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) during energy-consuming processes. Adenosine regulates numerous physiological processes through activation of four subtypes of G-protein coupled membrane receptors viz. A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Its physiological importance depends on the affinity of these receptors and the extracellular concentrations reached. ATP acts as a neurotransmitter in both peripheral and central nervous systems. In the peripheral nervous system, ATP is involved in chemical transmission in sensory and autonomic ganglia, whereas in central nervous system, ATP, released from synaptic terminals, induces fast excitatory postsynaptic currents. ATP provides the energetics for all muscle movements, heart beats, nerve signals and chemical reactions inside the body. Adenosine has been traditionally considered an inhibitor of neuronal activity and a regulator of cerebral blood flow. Since adenosine is neuroprotective against excitotoxic and metabolic dysfunctions observed in neurological and ocular diseases, the search for adenosinerelated drugs regulating adenosine transporters and receptors can be important for advancement of therapeutic strategies against these diseases. This review will summarize the therapeutic potential and recent SAR and pharmacology of adenosine and its receptor agonists and antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Jamwal
- School of Pharmacy and Emerging Sciences, Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technologies, Baddi, India
| | - Ashish Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.R.S. Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.R.S. Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Dana M Alhayani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box - 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amal Al-Aboudi
- Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fan W, Verrier C, Queneau Y, Popowycz F. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in Organic Synthesis: A Review of its Recent Applications Towards Fine Chemicals. Curr Org Synth 2019; 16:583-614. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190412164738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background:
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a biomass-derived
platform chemical, which can be produced from carbohydrates. In the past decades, 5-
HMF has received tremendous attention because of its wide applications in the
production of various value-added chemicals, materials and biofuels. The manufacture
and the catalytic conversion of 5-HMF to simple industrially-important bulk chemicals
have been well reviewed. However, employing 5-HMF as a building block in organic
synthesis has never been summarized exclusively, despite the rapid development in this
area.
Objective:
The aim of this review is to bring a fresh perspective on the use of 5-HMF in
organic synthesis, to the exclusion of already well documented conversion of 5-HMF
towards relatively simple molecules such as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 2,5-dimethylfuran and so on notably
used as monomers or biofuels.
Conclusion:
As it has been shown throughout this review, 5-HMF has been the object of numerous studies on
its use in fine chemical synthesis. Thanks to the presence of different functional groups on this platform
chemical, it proved to be an excellent starting material for the preparation of various fine chemicals. The use of
this C-6 synthon in novel synthetic routes is appealing, as it allows the incorporation of renewable carbonsources
into the final targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Fan
- Universite de Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, CNRS, Universite Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, CPE Lyon, Batiment Edgar Lederer, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Charlie Verrier
- Universite de Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, CNRS, Universite Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, CPE Lyon, Batiment Edgar Lederer, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Yves Queneau
- Universite de Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, CNRS, Universite Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, CPE Lyon, Batiment Edgar Lederer, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Florence Popowycz
- Universite de Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, CNRS, Universite Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, CPE Lyon, Batiment Edgar Lederer, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
In the present investigation, a simple and facile synthetic strategy for the construction of a series of structurally interesting tricyclic-fused N-alkyl-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indol-2-amines has been successfully achieved. Our synthesis, based on the annulation reaction between readily available 2-chloroindole-3-carbaldehydes or 3-acetyl-2-chloroindoles and guanidine nitrate using KOH as the base in refluxing EtOH medium, has the attractive features such as mild and economical reaction conditions and easy handing with lesser impact on the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Gao
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals, Bohai University, Keji Street, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals, Bohai University, Keji Street, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals, Bohai University, Keji Street, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sguazzini E, Schmidt HR, Iyer KA, Kruse AC, Dukat M. Reevaluation of fenpropimorph as a σ receptor ligand: Structure-affinity relationship studies at human σ 1 receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2912-2919. [PMID: 28495085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fenpropimorph (1) is considered a "super high-affinity" σ1 receptor ligand (Ki=0.005nM for guinea pig σ1 receptors). Here, we examine the binding of 1 and several of its deconstructed analogs at human σ1 (hσ1) receptors. We monitored their subtype selectivity by determining the binding affinity at σ2 receptors. In addition, we validated an existing pharmacophore model at the molecular level by conducting 3D molecular modeling studies, using the crystal structure of hσ1 receptors, and Hydrophatic INTeractions (HINT) analysis. Our structure affinity relationship studies showed that 1 binds with lower affinity at hσ1 receptors (Ki=17.3nM) compared to guinea pig; moreover, we found that none of the fenpropimorph methyl groups is important for its binding at hσ1 receptors, nor is stereochemistry. For example, removal of all methyl groups as seen in 4 resulted in an almost 5-fold higher affinity at hσ1 receptors compared to 1 and 350-fold selectivity versus σ2 receptors. In addition, although the O atom of the morpholine ring does not contribute to affinity at hσ1 receptors (and might even detract from it), it plays role in subtype (σ1 versus σ2 receptor) selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sguazzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Hayden R Schmidt
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kavita A Iyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Małgorzata Dukat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khanfar MA, Al-Qtaishat S, Habash M, Taha MO. Discovery of potent adenosine A2a antagonists as potential anti-Parkinson disease agents. Non-linear QSAR analyses integrated with pharmacophore modeling. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 254:93-101. [PMID: 27216633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Carbamate substituted 2-amino-4,6-diphenylpyrimidines as adenosine receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:734-738. [PMID: 26776359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of carbamate substituted 2-amino-4,6-diphenylpyrimidines was evaluated as potential dual adenosine A1 and A2A receptor antagonists. The majority of the synthesised compounds exhibited promising dual affinities, with A1Ki values ranging from 0.175 to 10.7 nM and A2AKi values ranging from 1.58 to 451 nM. The in vivo activity illustrated for 3-(2-amino-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl morpholine-4-carboxylate (4c) is indicative of the potential of these compounds as therapeutic agents in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, although physicochemical properties may require optimisation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Robinson SJ, Petzer JP, Terre'Blanche G, Petzer A, van der Walt MM, Bergh JJ, Lourens ACU. 2-Aminopyrimidines as dual adenosine A1/A2A antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 104:177-88. [PMID: 26462195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study thirteen 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives were synthesised and screened as potential antagonists of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in order to further investigate the structure activity relationships of this class of compounds. 4-(5-Methylfuran-2-yl)-6-[3-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-amine (8m) was identified as a compound with high affinities for both receptors, with an A2AKi value of 6.34 nM and an A1Ki value of 9.54 nM. The effect of selected compounds on the viability of cultured cells was assessed and preliminary results indicate low cytotoxicity. In vivo efficacy at A2A receptors was illustrated for compounds 8k and 8m since these compounds attenuated haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats. A molecular docking study revealed that the interactions between the synthesised compounds and the adenosine A2A binding site most likely involve Phe168 and Asn253, interactions which are similar for structurally related adenosine A2A receptor antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarel J Robinson
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Gisella Terre'Blanche
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Mietha M van der Walt
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus J Bergh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Anna C U Lourens
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Raslan MA, Khalil MA, Sayed SM. Benzimidazole Annulated New Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis of Polycyclic Pyrrole Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Raslan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Aswan University; Aswan 81528 Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Khalil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Aswan University; Aswan 81528 Egypt
| | - Samia M. Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Aswan University; Aswan 81528 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Patravale AA, Gore AH, Patil DR, Kolekar GB, Deshmukh MB, Anbhule PV. Trouble-Free Multicomponent Method for Combinatorial Synthesis of 2-Amino-4-phenyl-5-H-indeno[1,2-d]pyrimidine-5-one and Their Screening against Cancer Cell Lines. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5013618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya A. Patravale
- Medicinal Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil H. Gore
- Medicinal Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dipti R. Patil
- Medicinal Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Govind B. Kolekar
- Medicinal Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhukar B. Deshmukh
- Medicinal Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant V. Anbhule
- Medicinal Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Koley S, Chowdhury S, Chanda T, Ramulu BJ, Nandi GC, Singh MS. Iron-Promoted Domino Annulation of α-Enolic Dithioesters with Ninhydrin under Solvent-Free Conditions: Chemoselective Direct Access to Indeno[1,2-b]thiophenes. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
15
|
Computer-aided identification of novel protein targets of bisphenol A. Toxicol Lett 2013; 222:312-20. [PMID: 23973438 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The xenoestrogen bisphenol A (2,2-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propane, BPA) is a known endocrine-disrupting chemical used in the fabrication of plastics, resins and flame retardants, that can be found throughout the environment and in numerous every day products. Human exposure to this chemical is extensive and generally occurs via oral route because it leaches from the food and beverage containers that contain it. Although most of the effects related to BPA exposure have been linked to the activation of the estrogen receptor (ER), the mechanisms of the interaction of BPA with protein targets different from ER are still unknown. Therefore, the objective of this work was to use a bioinformatics approach to identify possible new targets for BPA. Docking studies were performed between the optimized structure of BPA and 271 proteins related to different biochemical processes, as selected by text-mining. Refinement docking experiments and conformational analyses were carried out using LigandScout 3.0 for the proteins selected through the affinity ranking (lower than -8.0kcal/mol). Several proteins including ERR gamma (-9.9kcal/mol), and dual specificity protein kinases CLK-4 (-9.5kcal/mol), CLK-1 (-9.1kcal/mol) and CLK-2 (-9.0kcal/mol) presented great in silico binding affinities for BPA. The interactions between those proteins and BPA were mostly hydrophobic with the presence of some hydrogen bonds formed by leucine and asparagine residues. Therefore, this study suggests that this endocrine disruptor may have other targets different from the ER.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sachdeva S, Gupta M. Adenosine and its receptors as therapeutic targets: An overview. Saudi Pharm J 2013; 21:245-53. [PMID: 23960840 PMCID: PMC3744929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of the authors is to present an overview of adenosine and its receptors, which are G-protein coupled receptors. The four known adenosine receptor subtypes are discussed along with the therapeutic potential indicating that these receptors can serve as targets for various dreadful diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Gupta
- ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bacilieri M, Ciancetta A, Paoletta S, Federico S, Cosconati S, Cacciari B, Taliani S, Da Settimo F, Novellino E, Klotz KN, Spalluto G, Moro S. Revisiting a receptor-based pharmacophore hypothesis for human A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:1620-37. [PMID: 23705857 DOI: 10.1021/ci300615u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of both structure- and ligand-based design approaches represents to date one of the most useful strategies in the discovery of new drug candidates. In the present paper, we investigated how the application of docking-driven conformational analysis can improve the predictive ability of 3D-QSAR statistical models. With the use of the crystallographic structure in complex with the high affinity antagonist ZM 241385 (4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]-triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol), we revisited a general pharmacophore hypothesis for the human A(2A) adenosine receptor of a set of 751 known antagonists, by applying an integrated ligand- and structure-based approach. Our novel pharmacophore hypothesis has been validated by using an external test set of 29 newly synthesized human adenosine receptor antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bacilieri
- Molecular Modeling Section-MMS, Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Biswas S, Batra S. One-Step Synthesis of 2-Amino-5H-pyrimido[5,4-b]indoles, Substituted 2-(1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1H-indoles, and 1,3,5-Triazines from Aldehydes. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
19
|
Chao B, Lin S, Ma Q, Lu D, Hu Y. Copper(I)-Mediated Cascade Reactions: An Efficient Approach to the Synthesis of Functionalized Benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidines. Org Lett 2012; 14:2398-401. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China, and China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China, and China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Qingdong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China, and China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China, and China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Youhong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China, and China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Verma RK, Ila H, Singh MS. Heteroaromatic annulation studies on 2-[bis(methylthio)methylene]-1,3-indanedione: efficient routes to indenofused heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Solovyev PA, Shutalev AD. Synthesis and oxidative aromatization of 5-acetyl-2-cyanoimino-6-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine with manganese dioxide. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-009-0357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
The development of potent and selective agonists and antagonists of adenosine receptors (ARs) has been a target of medicinal chemistry research for several decades, and recently the US Food and Drug Administration has approved Lexiscan, an adenosine derivative substituted at the 2 position, for use as a pharmacologic stress agent in radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging. Currently, some other adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)AR) agonists and antagonists are undergoing preclinical testing and clinical trials. While agonists are potent antiinflammatory agents also showing hypotensive effects, antagonists are being developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.However, since there are still major problems in this field, including side effects, low brain penetration (for the targeting of CNS diseases), short half-life, or lack of in vivo effects, the design and development of new AR ligands is a hot research topic.This review presents an update on the medicinal chemistry of A(2A)AR agonists and antagonists, and stresses the strong need for more selective ligands at the human A(2A)AR subtype, in particular in the case of agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Cristalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
2,6-Diaryl-4-acylaminopyrimidines as potent and selective adenosine A2A antagonists with improved solubility and metabolic stability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5402-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
24
|
Ye Y, Wei J, Dai X, Gao Q. Computational studies of the binding modes of A 2A adenosine receptor antagonists. Amino Acids 2008; 35:389-96. [PMID: 17978889 PMCID: PMC7087644 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A molecular docking study was performed on several structurally diverse A(2A) AR antagonists, including xanthines, and non-xanthine type antagonists to investigate their binding modes with A(2A) adenosine receptor (AR), one of the four subtypes of AR, which is currently of great interest as a target for therapeutic intervention, in particular for Parkinson's disease. The high-affinity binding site was found to be a hydrophobic pocket with the involvement of hydrogen bonding interactions as well as pi-pi stacking interactions with the ligands. The detailed binding modes for both xanthine and non-xanthine type A(2A) antagonists were compared and the essential features were extracted and converted to database searchable queries for virtual screening study of novel A(2A) AR antagonists. Findings from this study are helpful for elucidating the binding pattern of A(2A) AR antagonists and for the design of novel active ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ye
- />School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - J. Wei
- />School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - X. Dai
- />Chemistry Department, XenoPort Inc., Santa Clara, CA U.S.A
| | - Q. Gao
- />Chemistry Department, XenoPort Inc., Santa Clara, CA U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cristalli G, Cacciari B, Dal Ben D, Lambertucci C, Moro S, Spalluto G, Volpini R. Highlights on the development of A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:260-81. [PMID: 17177231 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in the past few decades demonstrating that adenosine modulates a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes through the interaction with four subtypes of a family of cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors, clinical evaluation of some adenosine receptor ligands has been discontinued. Major problems include side effects due to the wide distribution of adenosine receptors, low brain penetration (which is important for the targeting of CNS diseases), short half-life of compounds, or a lack of effects, in some cases perhaps due to receptor desensitization or to low receptor density in the targeted tissue. Currently, three A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists have begun phase III studies. Two of them are therapeutically evaluated as pharmacologic stress agents and the third proved to be effective in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI), while avoiding the adverse effects of steroid agents. On the other hand, the great interest in the field of A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists is related to their application in neurodegenerative disorders, in particular, Parkinson's disease, and some of them are currently in various stages of evaluation. This review presents an update of medicinal chemistry and molecular recognition of A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists, and stresses the strong need for more selective ligands at the A(2A) human subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Cristalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mantri M, de Graaf O, van Veldhoven J, Göblyös A, von Frijtag Drabbe Künzel JK, Mulder-Krieger T, Link R, de Vries H, Beukers MW, Brussee J, Ijzerman AP. 2-Amino-6-furan-2-yl-4-substituted nicotinonitriles as A2A adenosine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4449-55. [PMID: 18637670 DOI: 10.1021/jm701594y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 2A adenosine receptor antagonists usually have bi- or tricyclic N aromatic systems with varying substitution patterns to achieve desired receptor affinity and selectivity. Using a pharmacophore model designed by overlap of nonxanthine type of previously known A 2A antagonists, we synthesized a new class of compounds having a 2-amino nicotinonitrile core moiety. From our data, we conclude that the presence of at least one furan group rather than phenyl is beneficial for high affinity on the A 2A adenosine receptor. Compounds 39 (LUF6050) and 44 (LUF6080) of the series had K i values of 1.4 and 1.0 nM, respectively, with reasonable selectivity toward the other adenosine receptor subtypes, A 1, A 2B, and A 3. The high affinity of 44 was corroborated in a cAMP second messenger assay, yielding subnanomolar potency for this compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mantri
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, DiVision of Medicinal Chemistry, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of fused heterocyclic analogs of SCH 58261 as adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4204-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
Biaryl and heteroaryl derivatives of SCH 58261 as potent and selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4199-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
29
|
Sharma AK, Subramani AV, Gorman CB. Efficient synthesis of halo indanones via chlorosulfonic acid mediated Friedel–Crafts cyclization of aryl propionic acids and their use in alkylation reactions. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
30
|
Moro S, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Spalluto G. Progress in the pursuit of therapeutic adenosine receptor antagonists. Med Res Rev 2006; 26:131-59. [PMID: 16380972 PMCID: PMC9194718 DOI: 10.1002/med.20048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of the hypotensive and bradycardiac effects of adenosine, adenosine receptors continue to represent promising drug targets. First, this is due to the fact that the receptors are expressed in a large variety of tissues. In particular, the actions of adenosine (or methylxanthine antagonists) in the central nervous system, in the circulation, on immune cells, and on other tissues can be beneficial in certain disorders. Second, there exists a large number of ligands, which have been generated by introducing several modifications in the structure of the lead compounds (adenosine and methylxanthine), some of them highly specific. Four adenosine receptor subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) have been cloned and pharmacologically characterized, all of which are G protein-coupled receptors. Adenosine receptors can be distinguished according to their preferred mechanism of signal transduction: A1 and A3 receptors interact with pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins of the Gi and Go family; the canonical signaling mechanism of the A2A and of the A2B receptors is stimulation of adenylyl cyclase via Gs proteins. In addition to the coupling to adenylyl cyclase, all four subtypes may positively couple to phospholipase C via different G protein subunits. The development of new ligands, in particular, potent and selective antagonists, for all subtypes of adenosine receptors has so far been directed by traditional medicinal chemistry. The availability of genetic information promises to facilitate understanding of the drug-receptor interaction leading to the rational design of a potentially therapeutically important class of drugs. Moreover, molecular modeling may further rationalize observed interactions between the receptors and their ligands. In this review, we will summarize the most relevant progress in developing new therapeutic adenosine receptor antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Adenosine receptors are major targets of caffeine, the most commonly consumed drug in the world. There is growing evidence that they could also be promising therapeutic targets in a wide range of conditions, including cerebral and cardiac ischaemic diseases, sleep disorders, immune and inflammatory disorders and cancer. After more than three decades of medicinal chemistry research, a considerable number of selective agonists and antagonists of adenosine receptors have been discovered, and some have been clinically evaluated, although none has yet received regulatory approval. However, recent advances in the understanding of the roles of the various adenosine receptor subtypes, and in the development of selective and potent ligands, as discussed in this review, have brought the goal of therapeutic application of adenosine receptor modulators considerably closer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Matasi JJ, Caldwell JP, Zhang H, Fawzi A, Cohen-Williams ME, Varty GB, Tulshian DB. 2-(2-Furanyl)-7-phenyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine analogs: Highly potent, orally active, adenosine A2A antagonists. Part 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:3670-4. [PMID: 15978806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Revised: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship of this novel class of compounds based on 2-(2-furanyl)-7-phenyl[1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine, 1, and its analogs was evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonism. Several compounds displayed oral activity at 3 mg/kg in a rat catalepsy model. Specifically, compound 8g displayed an excellent in vitro profile, as well as a highly promising in vivo profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius J Matasi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry-CV & CNS, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|