1
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Miyachi H. Structural Biology-Based Exploration of Subtype-Selective Agonists for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179223. [PMID: 34502131 PMCID: PMC8430769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in understanding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes as nuclear receptors that have pleiotropic effects on biological responses has enabled the exploration of new subtype-selective PPAR ligands. Such ligands are useful chemical biology/pharmacological tools to investigate the functions of PPARs and are also candidate drugs for the treatment of PPAR-mediated diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cancer. This review summarizes our medicinal chemistry research of more than 20 years on the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of subtype-selective PPAR agonists, which has been based on two working hypotheses, the ligand superfamily concept and the helix 12 (H12) holding induction concept. X-ray crystallographic analyses of our agonists complexed with each PPAR subtype validate our working hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Lead Exploration Unit, Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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2
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Sahoo SC, Pan SC. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trisubstituted Isoxazoline N
-Oxides and Regioselective Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trisubstituted Isoxazoles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subas Chandra Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; 781039 Assam India
| | - Subhas Chandra Pan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; 781039 Assam India
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3
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Structural basis for specific ligation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2563-E2570. [PMID: 28320959 PMCID: PMC5380080 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1621513114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family comprises three subtypes: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ. PPARδ transcriptionally modulates lipid metabolism and the control of energy homeostasis; therefore, PPARδ agonists are promising agents for treating a variety of metabolic disorders. In the present study, we develop a panel of rationally designed PPARδ agonists. The modular motif affords efficient syntheses using building blocks optimized for interactions with subtype-specific residues in the PPARδ ligand-binding domain (LBD). A combination of atomic-resolution protein X-ray crystallographic structures, ligand-dependent LBD stabilization assays, and cell-based transactivation measurements delineate structure-activity relationships (SARs) for PPARδ-selective targeting and structural modulation. We identify key ligand-induced conformational transitions of a conserved tryptophan side chain in the LBD that trigger reorganization of the H2'-H3 surface segment of PPARδ. The subtype-specific conservation of H2'-H3 sequences suggests that this architectural remodeling constitutes a previously unrecognized conformational switch accompanying ligand-dependent PPARδ transcriptional regulation.
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4
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Krogsgaard-Larsen N, Delgar CG, Koch K, Brown PMGE, Møller C, Han L, Huynh THV, Hansen SW, Nielsen B, Bowie D, Pickering DS, Kastrup JS, Frydenvang K, Bunch L. Design and Synthesis of a Series of l-trans-4-Substituted Prolines as Selective Antagonists for the Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors Including Functional and X-ray Crystallographic Studies of New Subtype Selective Kainic Acid Receptor Subtype 1 (GluK1) Antagonist (2S,4R)-4-(2-Carboxyphenoxy)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic Acid. J Med Chem 2016; 60:441-457. [PMID: 28005385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists are valuable tool compounds for studies of neurological pathways in the central nervous system. On the basis of rational ligand design, a new class of selective antagonists, represented by (2S,4R)-4-(2-carboxyphenoxy)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (1b), for cloned homomeric kainic acid receptors subtype 1 (GluK1) was attained (Ki = 4 μM). In a functional assay, 1b displayed full antagonist activity with IC50 = 6 ± 2 μM. A crystal structure was obtained of 1b when bound in the ligand binding domain of GluK1. A domain opening of 13-14° was seen compared to the structure with glutamate, consistent with 1b being an antagonist. A structure-activity relationship study showed that the chemical nature of the tethering atom (C, O, or S) linking the pyrrolidine ring and the phenyl ring plays a key role in the receptor selectivity profile and that substituents on the phenyl ring are well accommodated by the GluK1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patricia M G E Brown
- Bowie Lab, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Derek Bowie
- Bowie Lab, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
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5
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Kinarivala N, Suh JH, Botros M, Webb P, Trippier PC. Pharmacophore elucidation of phosphoiodyn A - Potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ agonists with neuroprotective activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1889-93. [PMID: 26988304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the pharmacophore of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) agonist natural product phosphoiodyn A is the phosphonate core. Synthesis of simplified phosphonate esters 13 and 15 provide structurally novel, highly selective and potent PPARδ agonists (EC50=78 and 112 nM, respectively). Further, both compounds demonstrate significant neuroprotective activity in an in vitro cellular model indicating that phosphonates may be an effective novel scaffold for the design of therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Kinarivala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Ji Ho Suh
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Genomic Medicine Program, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mina Botros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Paul Webb
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Genomic Medicine Program, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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6
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Barlaka E, Galatou E, Mellidis K, Ravingerova T, Lazou A. Role of Pleiotropic Properties of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in the Heart: Focus on the Nonmetabolic Effects in Cardiac Protection. Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 34:37-48. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Barlaka
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Eleftheria Galatou
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Kyriakos Mellidis
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Tanya Ravingerova
- Institute for Heart Research; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
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7
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Cao G, Wang Y, Cui T, Huang L, Teng D. Synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition/SO2 extrusion of benzoisothiazole-2,2-dioxide-3-ylidenes with nitrile oxides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26718h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An straightforward synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazole derivatives via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddtion/SO2 extrusion of benzoisothiazole-2,2-dioxide-3-ylidenes with nitrile oxides is reported using 4 Å molecular sieves as dehydrochlorinating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Tao Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Longjiang Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
| | - Dawei Teng
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
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8
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Galenko AV, Khlebnikov AF, Novikov MS, Pakalnis VV, Rostovskii NV. Recent advances in isoxazole chemistry. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Structure-based virtual screening and discovery of New PPARδ/γ dual agonist and PPARδ and γ agonists. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118790. [PMID: 25767888 PMCID: PMC4358979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and are considered important targets to treat diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. The available PPAR ligands have several side effects leading to health risks justifying the search for new bioactive ligands to activate the PPAR subtypes, in special PPARδ, the less studied PPAR isoform. Here, we used a structure-based virtual screening protocol in order to find out new PPAR ligands. From a lead-like subset of purchasable compounds, we identified 5 compounds with potential PPAR affinity and, from preliminary in vitro assays, 4 of them showed promising biological activity. Therefore, from our in silico and in vitro protocols, new PPAR ligands are potential candidates to treat metabolic diseases.
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10
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Anthranilic acid derivatives as nuclear receptor modulators--development of novel PPAR selective and dual PPAR/FXR ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:499-514. [PMID: 25583100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors, especially the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) fulfill crucial roles in metabolic balance. Their activation offers valuable therapeutic potential which has high clinical relevance with the fibrates and glitazones as PPAR agonistic drugs. With growing knowledge about the various functions of nuclear receptors in many disorders, new selective or dual ligands of these pharmaceutical targets are however still required. Here we report the class of anthranilic acid derivatives as novel selective PPAR or dual FXR/PPAR ligands. We identified distinct molecular determinants that govern selectivity for each PPAR subtype or FXR as well as the amplitude of activation of the respective receptors. We thereby discovered several lead compounds for further optimization and developed a highly potent dual PPARα/FXR partial agonist that might have a beneficial synergistic effect on lipid homeostasis by simultaneous activation of two nuclear receptors involved in lipid metabolism.
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11
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SAR and Computer-Aided Drug Design Approaches in the Discovery of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Activators: A Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/406049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Activators of PPARγ, Troglitazone (TGZ), Rosiglitazone (RGZ), and Pioglitazone (PGZ) were introduced for treatment of Type 2 diabetes, but TGZ and RGZ have been withdrawn from the market along with other promising leads due cardiovascular side effects and hepatotoxicity. However, the continuously improving understanding of the structure/function of PPARγ and its interactions with potential ligands maintain the importance of PPARγ as an antidiabetic target. Extensive structure activity relationship (SAR) studies have thus been performed on a variety of structural scaffolds by various research groups. Computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) approaches have also played a vital role in the search and optimization of potential lead compounds. This paper focuses on these approaches adopted for the discovery of PPARγ ligands for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Key concepts employed during the discovery phase, classification based on agonistic character, applications of various QSAR, pharmacophore mapping, virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies are highlighted. Molecular level analysis of the dynamic nature of ligand-receptor interaction is presented for the future design of ligands with better potency and safety profiles. Recently identified mechanism of inhibition of phosphorylation of PPARγ at SER273 by ligands is reviewed as a new strategy to identify novel drug candidates.
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12
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Raji Reddy C, Vijaykumar J, Jithender E, Reddy GPK, Grée R. One-Pot Synthesis of 3,5-Disubstituted Isoxazoles from Propargylic Alcohols through PropargylicN-Hydroxylamines. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Pirat C, Farce A, Lebègue N, Renault N, Furman C, Millet R, Yous S, Speca S, Berthelot P, Desreumaux P, Chavatte P. Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs): Development of Modulators. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4027-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101360s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Pirat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3
Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Amaury Farce
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3
Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Lebègue
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3
Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Renault
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3
Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Furman
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique
Albert Lespagnol, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex,
France
| | - Régis Millet
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique
Albert Lespagnol, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex,
France
| | - Saı̈d Yous
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3
Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Silvia Speca
- Faculté de
Médecine, Amphis J et K, Université Lille-Nord de France, INSERM U995, Boulevard du Professeur Jules
Leclerc, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Berthelot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3
Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Faculté de
Médecine, Amphis J et K, Université Lille-Nord de France, INSERM U995, Boulevard du Professeur Jules
Leclerc, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Chavatte
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3
Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique
Albert Lespagnol, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex,
France
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14
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Structural Development Studies of Subtype-Selective Ligands for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) Based on the 3,4-Disubstituted Phenylpropanoic Acid Scaffold as a Versatile Template. PPAR Res 2011; 2008:689859. [PMID: 18566690 PMCID: PMC2430034 DOI: 10.1155/2008/689859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in our understanding of the functions of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes as pleiotropic regulators of biological responses, including lipid, lipoprotein, glucose homeostasis, inflammation, differentiation and proliferation of various cancer cells, and memory, have provided an opportunity to develop novel PPAR ligands with characteristic subtype selectivity. Such ligands are not only chemical tools to investigate the functions of PPARs, but also candidates for the treatment of PPAR-mediated diseases, including metabolic syndrome, inflammation, dementia, and cancer. This minireview summarizes our work on the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of subtype-selective PPAR agonists based on the use of 3,4-disubstituted phenylpropanoic acid as a versatile template.
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15
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Discovery of isoindoline and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as potent, selective PPARδ agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:492-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Luckhurst CA, Ratcliffe M, Stein L, Furber M, Botterell S, Laughton D, Tomlinson W, Weaver R, Chohan K, Walding A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-alkylated 8-oxybenz[c]azepine derivatives as selective PPARδ agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:531-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Yu GJ, Iwamoto S, Robins LI, Fettinger JC, Sparks TC, Lorsbach BA, Kurth MJ. 3-(Arylthiomethyl)isoxazole-4,5-dicarboxamides: chemoselective nucleophilic chemistry and insecticidal activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:7422-7426. [PMID: 19624156 PMCID: PMC2847632 DOI: 10.1021/jf901512t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A collection of 91 3-(arylthiomethyl)isoxazole-4,5-dicarboxamides was prepared starting from dimethyl 3-(chloromethyl)isoxazole-4,5-dicarboxylate. The thioether moieties in these compounds were subsequently oxidized to give the corresponding 3-(arylsulfonylmethyl)isoxazole-4,5-dicarboxamides. By carefully controlling stoichiometry and reaction conditions, the C4 and C5 carbomethoxy groups could be differentially derivatized to carboxamides. A total of 182 trisubstituted isoxazoles are reported and deposited in the National Institutes of Health Molecular Repository; an 80 compound subset was evaluated for insecticidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui J. Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Satori Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Lori I. Robins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA, 95616
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Thomas C. Sparks
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Discovery R&D, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268
| | - Beth A. Lorsbach
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Discovery R&D, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268
| | - Mark J. Kurth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA, 95616
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18
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Oyama T, Toyota K, Waku T, Hirakawa Y, Nagasawa N, Kasuga JI, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H, Morikawa K. Adaptability and selectivity of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan agonists revealed from crystal structures. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2009; 65:786-95. [PMID: 19622862 PMCID: PMC2714719 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444909015935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family, which is defined as transcriptional factors that are activated by the binding of ligands to their ligand-binding domains (LBDs). Although the three PPAR subtypes display different tissue distribution patterns and distinct pharmacological profiles, they all are essentially related to fatty-acid and glucose metabolism. Since the PPARs share similar three-dimensional structures within the LBDs, synthetic ligands which simultaneously activate two or all of the PPARs could be potent candidates in terms of drugs for the treatment of abnormal metabolic homeostasis. The structures of several PPAR LBDs were determined in complex with synthetic ligands, derivatives of 3-(4-alkoxyphenyl)propanoic acid, which exhibit unique agonistic activities. The PPARalpha and PPARgamma LBDs were complexed with the same pan agonist, TIPP-703, which activates all three PPARs and their crystal structures were determined. The two LBD-ligand complex structures revealed how the pan agonist is adapted to the similar, but significantly different, ligand-binding pockets of the PPARs. The structures of the PPARdelta LBD in complex with an alpha/delta-selective ligand, TIPP-401, and with a related delta-specific ligand, TIPP-204, were also determined. The comparison between the two PPARdelta complexes revealed how each ligand exhibits either a ;dual selective' or ;single specific' binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Oyama
- The Takara Bio Endowed Division, Department of Biomolecular Recognition, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Open Laboratories of Advanced Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyota
- The Takara Bio Endowed Division, Department of Biomolecular Recognition, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Open Laboratories of Advanced Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Waku
- The Takara Bio Endowed Division, Department of Biomolecular Recognition, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Open Laboratories of Advanced Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Yuko Hirakawa
- The Takara Bio Endowed Division, Department of Biomolecular Recognition, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Open Laboratories of Advanced Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Naoko Nagasawa
- The Takara Bio Endowed Division, Department of Biomolecular Recognition, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Open Laboratories of Advanced Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kasuga
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hashimoto
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kosuke Morikawa
- The Takara Bio Endowed Division, Department of Biomolecular Recognition, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Open Laboratories of Advanced Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
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19
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Kasuga JI, Oyama T, Nakagome I, Makishima M, Hirono S, Morikawa K, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Determination of the critical amino acids involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) delta selectivity of phenylpropanoic acid-derived agonists. ChemMedChem 2009; 3:1662-6. [PMID: 18924220 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kasuga
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Shang Y, Ren L, Wu J. Novel Method for Soluble‐Polymer‐Supported Synthesis of 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted Isoxazoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701797988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Shang
- a College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu, China
| | - Lianbing Ren
- a College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu, China
| | - Jianwei Wu
- a College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu, China
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21
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Havranek M, Sauerberg P, Mogensen JP, Kratina P, Jeppesen CB, Pettersson I, Pihera P. Novel selective PPARδ agonists: Optimization of activity by modification of alkynylallylic moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4144-9. [PMID: 17553681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Y-shaped molecules bearing alkynylallylic moieties were found to be potent and selective PPARdelta activators. The alkynylallylic moiety was synthesized from alkyn-1-ols by hydroalumination followed by a cross-coupling reaction. Series of active compounds 6 were obtained by stepwise changing the structure of the known PPARpan agonist 5 into Y-shaped compounds. The most active and selective compound, 6f, had a PPARdelta potency of 0.13 microM, which is 50-fold more potent than compound 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Havranek
- RE&D VUFB, s.r.o., Podebradská 56/186, 180 66 Praha 9, Czech Republic.
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22
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Kasuga JI, Nakagome I, Aoyama A, Sako K, Ishizawa M, Ogura M, Makishima M, Hirono S, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent, structurally novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ-selective agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5177-90. [PMID: 17532641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-(4-alkoxyphenyl)propanoic acid derivatives was prepared as candidate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) delta-selective agonists, based on our previously discovered potent human PPARalpha/delta dual agonist TIPP-401 as a lead compound. Structure-activity relationship studies clearly indicated the importance of the chain length of the alkoxy group at the 4-position, and the n-butoxy compound exhibited the most potent PPARdelta transactivation activity and highest PPARdelta selectivity. The (S)-enantiomer of a representative compound exhibited extremely potent PPARdelta transactivation activity, comparable with or somewhat superior to that of the known PPARdelta-selective agonist, GW-501516. The representative compound regulated the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose homeostasis, and should be useful not only as a chemical tool to study PPARdelta function, but also as a candidate drug for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kasuga
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Zhang R, Wang A, DeAngelis A, Pelton P, Xu J, Zhu P, Zhou L, Demarest K, Murray WV, Kuo GH. Discovery of para-alkylthiophenoxyacetic acids as a novel series of potent and selective PPARdelta agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3855-9. [PMID: 17524639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Revised: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of potent and selective PPARdelta agonists, para-alkylthiophenoxyacetic acids, was identified. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Drug Discovery, Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 8 Clarke Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA.
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