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Subramaniyan R, Ramarajan R, Ramalingam A, Sambandam S, Petersamy A, Guerroudj AR, Boukabcha N, Chouaih A. Microwave assisted synthesis, vibrational spectra, Hirshfeld surface and interaction energy, DFT, topology, in silico ADMET and molecular docking studies of 1,2-bis(4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Negi A, Kesari KK, Voisin-Chiret AS. Estrogen Receptor-α Targeting: PROTACs, SNIPERs, Peptide-PROTACs, Antibody Conjugated PROTACs and SNIPERs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112523. [PMID: 36432713 PMCID: PMC9699327 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting selective estrogen subtype receptors through typical medicinal chemistry approaches is based on occupancy-driven pharmacology. In occupancy-driven pharmacology, molecules are developed in order to inhibit the protein of interest (POI), and their popularity is based on their virtue of faster kinetics. However, such approaches have intrinsic flaws, such as pico-to-nanomolar range binding affinity and continuous dosage after a time interval for sustained inhibition of POI. These shortcomings were addressed by event-driven pharmacology-based approaches, which degrade the POI rather than inhibit it. One such example is PROTACs (Proteolysis targeting chimeras), which has become one of the highly successful strategies of event-driven pharmacology (pharmacology that does the degradation of POI and diminishes its functions). The selective targeting of estrogen receptor subtypes is always challenging for chemical biologists and medicinal chemists. Specifically, estrogen receptor α (ER-α) is expressed in nearly 70% of breast cancer and commonly overexpressed in ovarian, prostate, colon, and endometrial cancer. Therefore, conventional hormonal therapies are most prescribed to patients with ER + cancers. However, on prolonged use, resistance commonly developed against these therapies, which led to selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) becoming the first-line drug for metastatic ER + breast cancer. The SERD success shows that removing cellular ER-α is a promising approach to overcoming endocrine resistance. Depending on the mechanism of degradation of ER-α, various types of strategies of developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Negi
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
- Correspondence: or (A.N.); or (K.K.K.); (A.S.V.-C.)
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Correspondence: or (A.N.); or (K.K.K.); (A.S.V.-C.)
| | - Anne Sophie Voisin-Chiret
- CERMN (Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), Normandie University UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
- Correspondence: or (A.N.); or (K.K.K.); (A.S.V.-C.)
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James JP, Devaraji V, Sasidharan P, T. S. P. Pharmacophore Modeling, 3D QSAR, Molecular Dynamics Studies and Virtual Screening on Pyrazolopyrimidines as anti-Breast Cancer Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2135545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jainey P. James
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Deralakatte, India
| | - Vinod Devaraji
- Computational Drug Design Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Pradija Sasidharan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Deralakatte, India
| | - Pavan T. S.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Deralakatte, India
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Chen Y, Wei YJ, Jiang N, Ge HM, Jiao RH, Cheng X, Tan RX. Spirocitromycetin, a Fungal Polyketide with an Antiosteoporotic Pharmacophore. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1442-1447. [PMID: 35510520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spirocitromycetin, an antiosteoporotic polyketide bearing a unique spirocycle, was characterized from a human mucus sputum-derived Penicillium velutinum. Its structure and absolute configuration were elucidated spectrally, with its biosynthetic pathway likely mediated via polivione, a reported heptaketide. Spirocitromycetin was shown to be antiosteoporotic at 0.1 μM in the prednisolone-induced osteoporotic zebrafish model. A combination of spirocitromycetin variant synthesis and bioassay has identified 5'-methyl-3'H-spiro[chromane-3,2'-furan]-3',4-dione as an unreported antiosteroporotic pharmacophore. Collectively, this work offers new starting (sub)structures that may be of significance for antiosteoporotic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jie Wei
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Hua Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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Human Estrogen Receptor Alpha Antagonists, Part 3: 3-D Pharmacophore and 3-D QSAR Guided Brefeldin A Hit-to-Lead Optimization toward New Breast Cancer Suppressants. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092823. [PMID: 35566172 PMCID: PMC9101642 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor α (ERα) is an important biological target mediating 17β-estradiol driven breast cancer (BC) development. Aiming to develop innovative drugs against BC, either wild-type or mutated ligand-ERα complexes were used as source data to build structure-based 3-D pharmacophore and 3-D QSAR models, afterward used as tools for the virtual screening of National Cancer Institute datasets and hit-to-lead optimization. The procedure identified Brefeldin A (BFA) as hit, then structurally optimized toward twelve new derivatives whose anticancer activity was confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. Compounds as SERMs showed picomolar to low nanomolar potencies against ERα and were then investigated as antiproliferative agents against BC cell lines, as stimulators of p53 expression, as well as BC cell cycle arrest agents. Most active leads were finally profiled upon administration to female Wistar rats with pre-induced BC, after which 3DPQ-12, 3DPQ-3, 3DPQ-9, 3DPQ-4, 3DPQ-2, and 3DPQ-1 represent potential candidates for BC therapy.
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Maran M, Gangadharan S, Emerson IA. Molecular dynamics study of quercetin families and its derivative compounds from Carica papaya leaf as breast cancer inhibitors. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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In vitro and in silico approach to study the hormonal activities of the alternative plasticizer tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate TEHTM and its metabolites. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:899-918. [PMID: 35089383 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TEHTM) is a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material used in medical devices. It is an alternative to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a well-known reprotoxic and endocrine disruptor. As plasticizers are known to easily migrate when in contact with fatty biological fluids, patient exposure to TEHTM is highly probable. However, there is currently no data on the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of its human metabolites. To evaluate the effects of TEHTM metabolites on endocrine activity, they were first synthesized and their effects on estrogen, androgen and thyroid receptors, as well as steroid synthesis, were investigated by combining in vitro and in silico approaches. Among the primary metabolites, only 4-MEHTM (4-mono-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate) showed agonist activities on ERs and TRs, while three diesters were TR antagonists at non-cytotoxic concentrations. These results were completed by docking experiments which specified the ER and TR isoforms involved. A mixture of 2/1-MEHTM significantly increased the estradiol level and reduced the testosterone level in H295R cell culture supernatants. The oxidized secondary metabolites of TEHTM had no effect on ER, AR, TR receptors or on steroid hormone synthesis. Among the fourteen metabolites, these data showed that two of them (4-MEHTM and 2/1-MEHTM) induced effect on hormonal activities in vitro. However, by comparing the concentrations of the primary metabolites found in human urine with the active concentrations determined in bioassays, it can be suggested that the metabolites will not be active with regard to estrogen, androgen, thyroid receptors and steroidogenesis-mediated effects.
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In silico molecular docking and dynamic simulation of eugenol compounds against breast cancer. J Mol Model 2021; 28:17. [PMID: 34962586 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-05010-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most severe problems, and it is the primary cause of cancer-related death in females worldwide. The adverse effects and therapeutic resistance development are among the most potent clinical issues for potent medications for breast cancer treatment. The eugenol molecules have a significant affinity for breast cancer receptors. The aim of the study has been on the eugenol compounds, which has potent actions on Erα, PR, EGFR, CDK2, mTOR, ERBB2, c-Src, HSP90, and chemokines receptors inhibition. Initially, the drug-likeness property was examined to evaluate the anti-breast cancer activity by applying Lipinski's rule of five on 120 eugenol molecules. Further, structure-based virtual screening was performed via molecular docking, as protein-like interactions play a vital role in drug development. The 3D structure of the receptors has been acquired from the protein data bank and is docked with 87 3D PubChem and ZINC structures of eugenol compounds, and five FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs using AutoDock Vina. Then, the compounds were subjected to three replica molecular dynamic simulations run of 100 ns per system. The results were evaluated using root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and protein-ligand interactions to indicate protein-ligand complex stability. The results confirm that Eugenol cinnamaldehyde has the best docking score for breast cancer, followed by Aspirin eugenol ester and 4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenyl cinnamate. From the results obtained from in silico studies, we propose that the selected eugenols can be further investigated and evaluated for further lead optimization and drug development.
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Mihović N, Tomašević N, Matić S, Mitrović MM, Kostić DA, Sabatino M, Antonini L, Ragno R, Mladenović M. Human Estrogen Receptor α Antagonists. Part 1: 3-D QSAR-Driven Rational Design of Innovative Coumarin-Related Antiestrogens as Breast Cancer Suppressants through Structure-Based and Ligand-Based Studies. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:5028-5053. [PMID: 34648283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor α (ERα) represents a 17β-estradiol-inducible transcriptional regulator that initiates the RNA polymerase II-dependent transcriptional machinery, pointed for breast cancer (BC) development via either genomic direct or genomic indirect (i.e., tethered) pathway. To develop innovative ligands, structure-based (SB) three-dimensional (3-D) quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies have been undertaken from structural data taken from partial agonists, mixed agonists/antagonists (selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)), and full antagonists (selective ERα downregulators (SERDs)) correlated with either wild-type or mutated ERα receptors. SB and ligand-based (LB) alignments allow us to rule out guidelines for the SB/LB alignment of untested compounds. 3-D QSAR models for ERα ligands, coupled with SB/LB alignment, were revealed to be useful tools to dissect the chemical determinants for ERα-based anticancer activity as well as to predict their potency. The herein developed protocol procedure was verified through the design and potency prediction of 12 new coumarin-based SERMs, namely, 3DQ-1a to 3DQ-1e, that upon synthesis turned to be potent ERα antagonists by means of either in vitro or in vivo assays (described in the second part of this study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezrina Mihović
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Tomašević
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Matić
- Institute for Informational Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina M Mitrović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela A Kostić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Manuela Sabatino
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Antonini
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Milan Mladenović
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Zegheb N, Boubekri C, Lanez T, Lanez E, Küçükkılınç TT, Öz E, Khennoufa A, Khamouli S, Belaidi S. In Vitro and In Silico Determination of some N-ferrocenylmethylaniline Derivatives as Anti-Proliferative Agents against MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1426-1437. [PMID: 34170810 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210624141712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the binding of estradiol to its receptor promotes breast cancer cell proliferation (in the ER+ tumours), many molecules targeting this protein have been synthesized to counteract the estradiol action. Ferrocene derivatives have proved their efficiency against hormone-dependent breast cancer cells (MCF-7). OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to find new ferrocene derivatives having pharmacochemistry properties as potential drugs against human breast cancer cells. METHODS A series of 29 N-ferrocenylmethylaniline derivatives A0-A28 were synthesised, and their anti-proliferative activity against both hormone-dependent (MCF-7) and independent (MDA-MB 231) human breast cancer cell lines were performed using the MTT test. Molecular docking and drug-likeness prediction were also performed for the five most active derivatives towards MCF-7. A QSAR model was also developed for the perdition of the anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 cell lines using molecular descriptors and MLR analysis. RESULTS All studied derivatives demonstrated better cytotoxicity against MCF-7 compared to the MDA-MB-231 cell lines, and compounds A2, A9, A14, A17, and A27 were the most potent ones; however, but still less active than the standard anti-cancer drug crizotinib. The QSAR study revealed good predictive ability as shown by R2cv = 0.848. CONCLUSION In vitro and in silico results indicated that derivatives A2, A9, A14, A17, and A27 possess the highest anti-proliferative activity, t. These results can be used to design more potent N-ferrocenylmethylaniline derivatives as anti-proliferative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjiba Zegheb
- VTRS Laboratory, University of El Oued B.P.789, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Cherifa Boubekri
- Department of Material Sciences, University of Biskra B. P. 145 RP, Biskra 07000, Algeria
| | - Touhami Lanez
- VTRS Laboratory, University of El Oued B.P.789, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Elhafnaoui Lanez
- VTRS Laboratory, University of El Oued B.P.789, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
| | | | - Esin Öz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Khennoufa
- VTRS Laboratory, University of El Oued B.P.789, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Saida Khamouli
- Department of Material Sciences, University of Biskra B. P. 145 RP, Biskra 07000, Algeria
| | - Salah Belaidi
- Department of Material Sciences, University of Biskra B. P. 145 RP, Biskra 07000, Algeria
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Mitigating the Adverse Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Derivatives on Estrogenic Activity via Molecular Modification Techniques. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094999. [PMID: 34066894 PMCID: PMC8125871 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explore the mechanism of the change in oestrogenic activity of PCBs molecules before and after modification by designing new PCBs derivatives in combination with molecular docking techniques through the constructed model of oestrogenic activity of PCBs molecules. We found that the weakened hydrophobic interaction between the hydrophobic amino acid residues and hydrophobic substituents at the binding site of PCB derivatives and human oestrogen receptor alpha (hERα) was the main reason for the weakened binding force and reduced anti-oestrogenic activity. It was consistent with the information that the hydrophobic field displayed by the 3D contour maps in the constructed oestrogen activity CoMSIA model was one of the main influencing force fields. The hydrophobic interaction between PCB derivatives and oestrogen-active receptors was negatively correlated with the average distance between hydrophobic substituents and hydrophobic amino acid residues at the hERα-binding site, and positively correlated with the number of hydrophobic amino acid residues. In other words, the smaller the average distance between the hydrophobic amino acid residues at the binding sites between the two and the more the number of them, and the stronger the oestrogen activity expression degree of PCBS derivative molecules. Therefore, hydrophobic interactions between PCB derivatives and the oestrogen receptor can be reduced by altering the microenvironmental conditions in humans. This reduces the ability of PCB derivatives to bind to the oestrogen receptor and can effectively modulate the risk of residual PCB derivatives to produce oestrogenic activity in humans.
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Javid J, Aziz‐ur‐Rehman, Abbasi MA, Siddiqui SZ, Iqbal J, Virk NA, Rasool S, Ali HA, Ashraf M, Shahid W, Hussain S, Ali Shah SA. Comparative conventional and microwave assisted synthesis of heterocyclic oxadiazole analogues having enzymatic inhibition potential. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Javid
- Department of Chemistry Government College University Lahore Pakistan
| | - Aziz‐ur‐Rehman
- Department of Chemistry Government College University Lahore Pakistan
| | | | | | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry The University of Sahiwal Sahiwal Pakistan
| | - Naeem A. Virk
- Department of Chemistry Government College University Lahore Pakistan
| | - Shahid Rasool
- Department of Chemistry Government College University Lahore Pakistan
| | - Hira A. Ali
- Department of Chemistry Government College University Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Wardah Shahid
- Department of Chemistry The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Safdar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Syed A. Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi MARA Bandar Puncak Alam Malaysia
- Atta‐ur‐Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns) Universiti Teknologi MARA Bandar Puncak Alam Malaysia
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1,2,4-Triazine Sulfonamides: Synthesis by Sulfenamide Intermediates, In Vitro Anticancer Screening, Structural Characterization, and Molecular Docking Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102324. [PMID: 32429377 PMCID: PMC7288137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized novel sulfonamides with a 1,2,4-triazine moiety according to pharmacophore requirements for biological activity. All the synthesized compounds were tested in vitro to verify whether they exhibited anticancer activity against the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Among them, two most active ones, having IC50 values of 50 and 42 µM, respectively, were found to show higher anticancer activity than chlorambucil used as the reference in the in vitro tests. In addition, two other compounds, which had IC50 values of 78 and 91 µM, respectively, exhibited a similar level of activity as chlorambucil. X-ray analysis carried out for two of the compounds confirmed their synthesis pathway as well as their assumed molecular structures. Furthermore, a conformational analysis was performed, and electronic parameters of molecules were characterized using theoretical calculations at AM1 and DFT level. Moreover, molecular docking revealed the mode of binding of the investigated 1,2,4-triazine sulfonamides with the human estrogen receptor alpha (ERα).
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Petrini M. New Perspectives in the Indole Ring Functionalization using 2‐Indolylmethanols. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marino Petrini
- School of Science and TechnologyChemistry Division, Università di Camerino via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
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Carr M, Knox AJS, Nevin DK, O'Boyle N, Wang S, Egan B, McCabe T, Twamley B, Zisterer DM, Lloyd DG, Meegan MJ. Optimisation of estrogen receptor subtype-selectivity of a 4-Aryl-4H-chromene scaffold previously identified by virtual screening. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115261. [PMID: 31987694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
4-Aryl-4H-Chromene derivatives have been previously shown to exhibit anti-proliferative, apoptotic and anti-angiogenic activity in a variety of tumor models in vitro and in vivo generally via activation of caspases through inhibition of tubulin polymerisation. We have previously identified by Virtual Screening (VS) a 4-aryl-4H-chromene scaffold, of which two examples were shown to bind Estrogen Receptor α and β with low nanomolar affinity and <20-fold selectivity for α over β and low micromolar anti-proliferative activity in the MCF-7 cell line. Thus, using the 4-aryl-4H-chromene scaffold as a starting point, a series of compounds with a range of basic arylethers at C-4 and modifications at the C3-ester substituent of the benzopyran ring were synthesised, producing some potent ER antagonists in the MCF-7 cell line which were highly selective for ERα (compound 35; 350-fold selectivity) or ERβ (compound 42; 170-fold selectivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Carr
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew J S Knox
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technology University Dublin, Dublin City Campus, Kevin St., Dublin 8 D08 NF82, Ireland.
| | - Daniel K Nevin
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niamh O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Billy Egan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thomas McCabe
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David G Lloyd
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152 - 160 Pearse Street Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Khan SA, Rizwan K, Shahid S, Noamaan MA, Rasheed T, Amjad H. Synthesis, DFT, computational exploration of chemical reactivity, molecular docking studies of novel formazan metal complexes and their biological applications. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceUniversity of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
- Center of Super Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon China
| | - Komal Rizwan
- Department of ChemistryGovernment College Women University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Sammia Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceUniversity of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud A. Noamaan
- Mathematics Department, Faculty of ScienceCairo University Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Tahir Rasheed
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Hira Amjad
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceUniversity of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
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17
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Iqbal A, Khan ZA, Shahzad SA, Ahmad Khan S, Raza Naqvi SA, Bari A, Amjad H, Umar MI. Synthesis, modeling studies and evaluation of E-stilbene hydrazides as potent anticancer agents. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Yu E, Xu Y, Shi Y, Yu Q, Liu J, Xu L. Discovery of novel natural compound inhibitors targeting estrogen receptor α by an integrated virtual screening strategy. J Mol Model 2019; 25:278. [PMID: 31463793 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) is a nuclear hormone receptor and plays an important role in mediating the cellular effects of estrogen. ER can be classified into two receptors: estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), and the former is expressed in 50~80% of breast tumors and has been extensively investigated in breast cancer for decades. Excessive exposure to estrogen can obviously stimulate the growth of breast cancers primarily mediated by ERα, and thus anti-estrogen therapies by small molecules are of concern to clinicians and pharmaceutical industry in the treatment of ERα-positive breast cancers. Although a series of estrogen receptor modulators have been developed, these drugs can lead to resistance and side effects. Therefore, the development of small molecule inhibitors with high target specificity has been intensified. In this pursuit, an integrated computer-aided virtual screening technique, including molecular docking and pharmacophore model screening, was used to screen traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) databases. The compounds with high docking scores and fit values were subjected to ADME (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) and toxicity prediction, and ten hits were identified as potential inhibitors targeting ERα. Molecular docking was used to investigate the binding modes between ERα and three most potent hits, and molecular dynamic simulations were chosen to explore the stability of these complexes. The rank of the predicted binding free energies evaluated by MM/GBSA is consistent with the docking score. These novel scaffolds discovered in the present study can be used as critical starting point in the drug discovery process for treating ERα-positive breast cancer. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Yu
- Department of Chinese Surgery, Jiaxing University Affiliated Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Xu
- Department of Nursing, Jiaxing University Affiliated Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Shi
- Central Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Research Center, Jiaxing University Affiliated Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyan Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiaxing University Affiliated Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, Jiaxing University Affiliated Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Chitrala KN, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Yeguvapalli S. Analysis of the TP53 Deleterious Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Impact on Estrogen Receptor Alpha-p53 Interaction: A Machine Learning Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122962. [PMID: 31216622 PMCID: PMC6627686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cancer type and one of the major health issues faced by women around the world. Some of its major risk factors include body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, family history and germline mutations. Of these risk factors, estrogen levels play a crucial role. Among the estrogen receptors, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is known to interact with tumor suppressor protein p53 directly thereby repressing its function. Previously, we have studied the impact of deleterious breast cancer-associated non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsnps) rs11540654 (R110P), rs17849781 (P278A) and rs28934874 (P151T) in TP53 gene on the p53 DNA-binding core domain. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the impact of these mutations on p53–ERα interaction. To this end, we, have modelled the full-length structure of human p53 and validated its quality using PROCHECK and subjected it to energy minimization using NOMAD-Ref web server. Three-dimensional structure of ERα activation function-2 (AF-2) domain was downloaded from the protein data bank. Interactions between the modelled native and mutant (R110P, P278A, P151T) p53 with ERα was studied using ZDOCK. Machine learning predictions on the interactions were performed using Weka software. Results from the protein–protein docking showed that the atoms, residues and solvent accessibility surface area (SASA) at the interface was increased in both p53 and ERα for R110P mutation compared to the native complexes indicating that the mutation R110P has more impact on the p53–ERα interaction compared to the other two mutants. Mutations P151T and P278A, on the other hand, showed a large deviation from the native p53-ERα complex in atoms and residues at the surface. Further, results from artificial neural network analysis showed that these structural features are important for predicting the impact of these three mutations on p53–ERα interaction. Overall, these three mutations showed a large deviation in total SASA in both p53 and ERα. In conclusion, results from our study will be crucial in making the decisions for hormone-based therapies against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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20
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Kambia NK, Séverin I, Farce A, Moreau E, Dahbi L, Duval C, Dine T, Sautou V, Chagnon MC. In vitro and in silico hormonal activity studies of di-(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate, a di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate substitute used in medical devices, and its metabolites. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1043-1056. [PMID: 30847963 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizers added to polyvinylchloride used in medical devices can be released into patients' biological fluids. The substitution of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) by alternative plasticizers is essential but their safety must be demonstrated. DEHP, di-(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate (DEHT) and their metabolites were investigated using level 2 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development bioassays to screen for in vitro hormonal changes. Differences between the DEHP and DEHT metabolites were observed. Albeit weak, the hormonal activities of DEHT-derived metabolites, e.g., 5-OH metabolite of mono-(ethylhexyl)terephthalate (5-OH-MEHT), were detected and the results of docking experiments performed on estrogen receptor alpha and androgen receptor agreed with the biological results. A co-stimulation of human estrogen receptor alpha and human androgen receptor was also observed. With regard to steroidogenesis, a 16-fold increase in estrogen synthesis was measured with 5-OH-MEHT. Therefore, even if DEHT remains an interesting alternative to DEHP because of its low migration from medical devices, it seems important to verify that multi-exposed patients in neonatal intensive care units do not have urinary levels of oxidized metabolites, in particular 5-OH-MEHT, suggesting a potential endocrine-disrupting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas K Kambia
- EA 7365, GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Institut de Pharmacie, F-59 000, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Séverin
- Derttech "Packtox", NUTOX, INSERM U1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Amaury Farce
- EA 7365, GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Institut de Pharmacie, F-59 000, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Moreau
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont-Ferrand, ICCF, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurence Dahbi
- Derttech "Packtox", NUTOX, INSERM U1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Duval
- EA 7365, GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Institut de Pharmacie, F-59 000, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Dine
- EA 7365, GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Institut de Pharmacie, F-59 000, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Sautou
- INSERM U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chagnon
- Derttech "Packtox", NUTOX, INSERM U1231, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
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21
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Incorporation of histone deacetylase inhibitory activity into the core of tamoxifen – A new hybrid design paradigm. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4428-4440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Hou TY, Weng CF, Leong MK. Insight Analysis of Promiscuous Estrogen Receptor α-Ligand Binding by a Novel Machine Learning Scheme. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:799-813. [PMID: 30019586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays a significant role in occurrence of breast cancer and may cause various adverse side-effects when ERα is an off-target protein. A theoretical model was derived to predict the binding affinity of ERα using the pharmacophore ensemble/support vector machine (PhE/SVM) scheme to consider the promiscuous characteristic of ERα. The estimations by PhE/SVM were discovered to be in good agreement with the observed values for those training molecules ( n = 31, r2 = 0.80, qCV2 = 0.77, RMSE = 0.57, s = 0.58), test molecules ( n = 179, q2 = 0.91-0.96, RMSE = 0.33, s = 0.26) and outliers ( n = 15, q2 = 0.80-0.86, RMSE = 0.56, s = 0.49). When subjected to various statistical validations, the PhE/SVM model consistently fulfilled the strictest criteria. A mock test also asserted its predictivity. When compared with crystal structures, the calculated results are consistent with the reported ERα-ligand co-complex structure, and the plasticity nature of ERα is also disclosed. Consequently, this precise, fast, and robust model can be adopted to predict ERα-ligand binding affinities and to design safer non-ERα-targeted pharmaceuticals in the process of drug discovery and development.
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23
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Branowska D, Ławecka J, Sobiczewski M, Karczmarzyk Z, Wysocki W, Wolińska E, Olender E, Mirosław B, Perzyna A, Bielawska A, Bielawski K. Synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfanes bearing 1,2,4-triazine scaffold and their in vitro screening towards anti-breast cancer activity. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018; 149:1409-1420. [PMID: 30100632 PMCID: PMC6060961 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A new series of 1,2,4-triazine unsymmetrical disulfanes were prepared and evaluated as anticancer activity compounds against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with some of them acting as low micromolar inhibitors. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity using an MTT assay, the inhibition of [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA demonstrated that these products exhibit cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells in vitro. The most effective compounds with 59 and 60 µM compared to chlorambucil with 47 µM were disulfanes bearing methyl and methoxy substituent in an aromatic ring. Furthermore, all new 14 compounds were obtained with 22-74% yield via mild and efficient synthesis of the sulfur-sulfur bond formation from thiols and symmetrical disulfanes using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ). The molecular structure of the newly obtained compounds was confirmed by X-ray analysis. The conformational preferences of disulfide system were characterized using theoretical calculations at DFT level and statistical distributions of C-S-S-C torsion angle values based on the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). The DFT calculations and CSD searching show two preferential conformations for C-S-S-C torsion angle close to ± 90° and relatively large freedom of rotation on S-S bond in physiological conditions. The molecular docking studies were performed using the human estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) as molecular target to find possible binding orientation and intermolecular interactions of investigated disulfanes within the active site of ERα. The S…H-S and S…H-C hydrogen bonds between sulfur atoms of bisulfide bridge and S-H and C-H groups of Cys530 and Ala350 as protein residues play crucial role in interaction with estrogen receptor for the most anticancer active disulfane. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Branowska
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Justyna Ławecka
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | | | | | - Waldemar Wysocki
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Ewa Wolińska
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Ewa Olender
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Barbara Mirosław
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Perzyna
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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24
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Synthesis, antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of 2-phenylindoles. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4075-4099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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25
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Artonin E and Structural Analogs from Artocarpus Species Abrogates Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070839. [PMID: 27367662 PMCID: PMC6272880 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing rate of mortality ensued from breast cancer has encouraged research into safer and efficient therapy. The human Estrogen receptor α has been implicated in the majority of reported breast cancer cases. Molecular docking employing Glide, Schrodinger suite 2015, was used to study the binding affinities of small molecules from the Artocarpus species after their drug-like properties were ascertained. The structure of the ligand-binding domain of human Estrogen receptor α was retrieved from Protein Data Bank while the structures of compounds were collected from PubChem database. The binding interactions of the studied compounds were reported as well as their glide scores. The best glide scored ligand, was Artonin E with a score of -12.72 Kcal when compared to other studied phytomolecules and it evoked growth inhibition of an estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells in submicromolar concentration (3.8-6.9 µM) in comparison to a reference standard Tamoxifen (18.9-24.1 µM) within the tested time point (24-72 h). The studied ligands, which had good interactions with the target receptor, were also drug-like when compared with 95% of orally available drugs with the exception of Artoelastin, whose predicted physicochemical properties rendered it less drug-like. The in silico physicochemical properties, docking interactions and growth inhibition of the best glide scorer are indications of the anti-breast cancer relevance of the studied molecules.
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26
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van de Schans MGM, Ritschel T, Bovee TFH, Sanders MG, de Waard P, Gruppen H, Vincken JP. Involvement of a Hydrophobic Pocket and Helix 11 in Determining the Modes of Action of Prenylated Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids in the Human Estrogen Receptor. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2668-77. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milou G. M. van de Schans
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Tina Ritschel
- Computational Discovery and Design Group; Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics; Radboudumc; P. O. Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Toine F. H. Bovee
- Business Unit of Toxicology and Bioassays; RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety; P. O. Box 230 6700 AE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Mark G. Sanders
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Pieter de Waard
- Wageningen NMR Centre; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 8128 6700 ET Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
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Suganya J, Radha M, Naorem DL, Nishandhini M. In Silico docking studies of selected flavonoids--natural healing agents against breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8155-9. [PMID: 25338999 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the serious health concern in India causing the highest mortality rate in females, which occurs due to uncontrolled cell division and can be metastasize to other parts of the human body. Interactions with estrogen receptor (ER) alpha are mainly responsible for the malignant tumors with regulation of the transcription of various genes as a transcription factor. Most of the drugs currently used for the breast cancer treatment produce various side effects and hence we focused on natural compounds which do not exhibit any toxic effect against normal human cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Structure of human ER was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank and the structures of flavonoid compounds have been collected from PubChem database. Molecular docking and drug likeness studies were performed for those natural compounds to evaluate and analyze the anti-breast cancer activity. RESULTS Finally two compounds satisfying the Lipinski's rule of five were reported. The two compounds also exhibited highest binding affinity with human ER greater than 10.5 Kcal/mol. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study can be implemented in the drug designing pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyabaskar Suganya
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail : ,
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28
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Chigira T, Nagatoishi S, Tsumoto K. Differential binding of prohibitin-2 to estrogen receptor α and to drug-resistant ERα mutants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:726-31. [PMID: 26049107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine resistance is one of the most challenging problems in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer. The transcriptional activity of ERα is controlled by several coregulators, including prohibitin-2 (PHB2). Because of its ability to repress the transcriptional activity of activated ERα, PHB2 is a promising antiproliferative agent. In this study, were analyzed the interaction of PHB2 with ERα and three mutants (Y537S, D538G, and E380Q) that are frequently associated with a lack of sensitivity to hormonal treatments, to help advance novel drug discovery. PHB2 bound to ERα wild-type (WT), Y537S, and D538G, but did not bind to E380Q. The binding thermodynamics of Y537S and D538G to PHB2 were favorably altered entropically compared with those of WT to PHB2. Our results show that PHB2 binds to the ligand binding domain of ERα with a conformational change in the helix 12 of ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Chigira
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
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29
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Ng HW, Perkins R, Tong W, Hong H. Versatility or promiscuity: the estrogen receptors, control of ligand selectivity and an update on subtype selective ligands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:8709-42. [PMID: 25162709 PMCID: PMC4198987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110908709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of versatile receptors. They regulate an enormity of processes starting in early life and continuing through sexual reproduction, development, and end of life. This review provides a background and structural perspective for the ERs as part of the nuclear receptor superfamily and discusses the ER versatility and promiscuity. The wide repertoire of ER actions is mediated mostly through ligand-activated transcription factors and many DNA response elements in most tissues and organs. Their versatility, however, comes with the drawback of promiscuous interactions with structurally diverse exogenous chemicals with potential for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Even when interacting with endogenous hormones, ER actions can have adverse effects in disease progression. Finally, how nature controls ER specificity and how the subtle differences in receptor subtypes are exploited in pharmaceutical design to achieve binding specificity and subtype selectivity for desired biological response are discussed. The intent of this review is to complement the large body of literature with emphasis on most recent developments in selective ER ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen Ng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Roger Perkins
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Weida Tong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Huixiao Hong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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30
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Xiang J, Wang Y, Su K, Liu M, Hu PC, Ma T, Li JX, Wei L, Zheng Z, Yang F. Ritonavir binds to and downregulates estrogen receptors: molecular mechanism of promoting early atherosclerosis. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:318-30. [PMID: 25017101 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogenic actions are closely related to cardiovascular disease. Ritonavir (RTV), a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor, induces atherosclerosis in an estrogen-related manner. However, how RTV induce pathological phenotypes through estrogen pathway remains unclear. In this study, we found that RTV increases thickness of coronary artery walls of Sprague Dawley rats and plasma free fatty acids (FFA) levels. In addition, RTV could induce foam cell formation, downregulate both estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ expression, upregulate G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) expression, and all of them could be partially blocked by 17β-estradiol (E2), suggesting RTV acts as an antagonist for E2. Computational modeling shows a similar interaction with ERα between RTV and 2-aryl indoles, which are highly subtype-selective ligands for ERα. We also found that RTV directly bound to ERα and selectively inhibited the nuclear localization of ERα, and residue Leu536 in the hydrophobic core of ligand binding domain (LBD) was essential for the interaction with RTV. In addition, RTV did not change the secondary structure of ERα-LBD like E2, which explained how ERα lost the capacity of nuclear translocation under the treatment of RTV. All of the evidences suggest that ritonavir acts as an antagonist for 17β-estradiol in regulating α subtype estrogen receptor function and early events of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiang
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Ke Su
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Peng-Chao Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Tian Ma
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Jia-Xi Li
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Zhongliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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Molecular docking, QSAR and AMDET analysis of 6-methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran and its analogs against Estrogen receptor alpha. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Borgo B, Havranek JJ. Motif-directed redesign of enzyme specificity. Protein Sci 2014; 23:312-20. [PMID: 24407908 PMCID: PMC3945839 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computational protein design relies on several approximations, including the use of fixed backbones and rotamers, to reduce protein design to a computationally tractable problem. However, allowing backbone and off-rotamer flexibility leads to more accurate designs and greater conformational diversity. Exhaustive sampling of this additional conformational space is challenging, and often impossible. Here, we report a computational method that utilizes a preselected library of native interactions to direct backbone flexibility to accommodate placement of these functional contacts. Using these native interaction modules, termed motifs, improves the likelihood that the interaction can be realized, provided that suitable backbone perturbations can be identified. Furthermore, it allows a directed search of the conformational space, reducing the sampling needed to find low energy conformations. We implemented the motif-based design algorithm in Rosetta, and tested the efficacy of this method by redesigning the substrate specificity of methionine aminopeptidase. In summary, native enzymes have evolved to catalyze a wide range of chemical reactions with extraordinary specificity. Computational enzyme design seeks to generate novel chemical activities by altering the target substrates of these existing enzymes. We have implemented a novel approach to redesign the specificity of an enzyme and demonstrated its effectiveness on a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Borgo
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
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33
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Maruyama K, Nakamura M, Tomoshige S, Sugita K, Makishima M, Hashimoto Y, Ishikawa M. Structure-activity relationships of bisphenol A analogs at estrogen receptors (ERs): discovery of an ERα-selective antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4031-6. [PMID: 23768907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our multi-template approach for drug discovery, focusing on protein targets with similar fold structures, has yielded lead compounds for various targets. We have also shown that a diphenylmethane skeleton can serve as a surrogate for a steroid skeleton. Here, on the basis of those ideas, we hypothesized that the diphenylmethane derivative bisphenol A (BPA) would bind to the ligand-binding domain of estrogen receptors (ERs) in a similar manner to estradiol and act as a steroid surrogate. To test this idea, we synthesized a series of BPA analogs and evaluated their structure-activity relationships, focusing on agonistic/antagonistic activities at ERs and ERα/ERβ subtype selectivity. Among the compounds examined, 18 was found to be a potent ERα-antagonist with high selectivity over ERβ and androgen receptor under our assay conditions. A computational docking study suggested that 18 would bind to the antagonistic conformation of ERα. ERα-selective antagonists, such as 18, are candidate agents for treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Maruyama
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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34
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Kalid O, Toledo Warshaviak D, Shechter S, Sherman W, Shacham S. Consensus Induced Fit Docking (cIFD): methodology, validation, and application to the discovery of novel Crm1 inhibitors. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2012; 26:1217-28. [PMID: 23053738 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-012-9611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present the Consensus Induced Fit Docking (cIFD) approach for adapting a protein binding site to accommodate multiple diverse ligands for virtual screening. This novel approach results in a single binding site structure that can bind diverse chemotypes and is thus highly useful for efficient structure-based virtual screening. We first describe the cIFD method and its validation on three targets that were previously shown to be challenging for docking programs (COX-2, estrogen receptor, and HIV reverse transcriptase). We then demonstrate the application of cIFD to the challenging discovery of irreversible Crm1 inhibitors. We report the identification of 33 novel Crm1 inhibitors, which resulted from the testing of 402 purchased compounds selected from a screening set containing 261,680 compounds. This corresponds to a hit rate of 8.2 %. The novel Crm1 inhibitors reveal diverse chemical structures, validating the utility of the cIFD method in a real-world drug discovery project. This approach offers a pragmatic way to implicitly account for protein flexibility without the additional computational costs of ensemble docking or including full protein flexibility during virtual screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Kalid
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, 2 Mercer Road, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
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35
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Takeda D, Yamashita M, Hirano K, Satoh T, Miura M. Palladium-catalyzed Direct Monoarylation of Thiophene-, Benzothiophene-, and Indoleacetic Acids through Regioselective C–H Bond Cleavage. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Valois-Escamilla I, Alvarez-Hernandez A, Rangel-Ramos LF, Suárez-Castillo OR, Ayala-Mata F, Zepeda-Vallejo G. Synthesis of 6-bromo-2-arylindoles using 2-iodobenzoic acid as precursor. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Taha MO, Tarairah M, Zalloum H, Abu-Sheikha G. Pharmacophore and QSAR modeling of estrogen receptor beta ligands and subsequent validation and in silico search for new hits. J Mol Graph Model 2009; 28:383-400. [PMID: 19850503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacophoric space of estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) was explored using a set of 119 known ligands. Subsequently, genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to select optimal combinations of pharmacophoric models and physicochemical descriptors in self-consistent and predictive quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) (r(96)(2)=0.79-0.83, F-statistic=40.96-36.20, r(LOO)(2)=0.74-0.76 and r(PRESS)(2) against 23 external compounds=0.54-0.56, respectively). Four binding hypotheses emerged in two optimal QSAR equations suggesting the existence of distinct binding modes accessible to ligands within ERbeta binding pocket. The close similarity among the resulting pharmacophores prompted us to merge them in two hybrid models. The hybrid pharmacophores illustrated superior receiver operator characteristic curves (ROCs) and closely resembled binding interactions suggested by docking experiments. The resulting models and associated QSAR equations were employed to screen the national cancer institute (NCI) list of compounds and an in house built database of known drugs and agrochemicals to search for new ERbeta ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutasem O Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman 11942, Jordan.
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38
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Amadasi A, Mozzarelli A, Meda C, Maggi A, Cozzini P. Identification of xenoestrogens in food additives by an integrated in silico and in vitro approach. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:52-63. [PMID: 19063592 DOI: 10.1021/tx800048m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the search for xenoestrogens within food additives, we have analyzed the Joint FAO-WHO expert committee database, containing 1500 compounds, using an integrated in silico and in vitro approach. This analysis identified 31 potential estrogen receptor alpha ligands that were reduced to 13 upon applying a stringent filter based on ligand volume and binding mode. Among the 13 potential xenoestrogens, four were already known to exhibit an estrogenic activity, and the other nine were assayed in vitro, determining the binding affinity to the receptor and biological effects. Propyl gallate was found to act as an antagonist, and 4-hexylresorcinol was found to act as a potent transactivator; both ligands were active at nanomolar concentrations, as predicted by the in silico analysis. Some caution should be issued for the use of propyl gallate and 4-hexylresorcinol as food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Amadasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
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39
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40
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Weatherman RV. Untangling the Estrogen Receptor Web: Tools to Selectively Study Estrogen‐Binding Receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527623297.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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41
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Fuwa H, Sasaki M. Synthesis of 2-Substituted Indoles and Indolines via Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling/5-endo-trig Cyclization Strategies. J Org Chem 2008; 74:212-21. [PMID: 19007181 DOI: 10.1021/jo801985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Fuwa
- Laboratory of Biostructural Chemistry, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-amamiya, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Laboratory of Biostructural Chemistry, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-amamiya, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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42
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Pulkkinen JT, Honkakoski P, Peräkylä M, Berczi I, Laatikainen R. Synthesis and Evaluation of Estrogen Agonism of Diaryl 4,5-Dihydroisoxazoles, 3-Hydroxyketones, 3-Methoxyketones, and 1,3-Diketones: A Compound Set Forming a 4D Molecular Library. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3562-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8001795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juha T. Pulkkinen
- Laboratories of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- Laboratories of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Mikael Peräkylä
- Laboratories of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Istvan Berczi
- Laboratories of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Reino Laatikainen
- Laboratories of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada
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