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Myers SM, Bawn RH, Bisset LC, Blackburn TJ, Cottyn B, Molyneux L, Wong AC, Cano C, Clegg W, Harrington RW, Leung H, Rigoreau L, Vidot S, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Hammonds T, Newell DR, Hardcastle IR. High-Throughput Screening and Hit Validation of Extracellular-Related Kinase 5 (ERK5) Inhibitors. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:444-55. [PMID: 27400250 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular-related kinase 5 (ERK5) is a promising target for cancer therapy. A high-throughput screen was developed for ERK5, based on the IMAP FP progressive binding system, and used to identify hits from a library of 57 617 compounds. Four distinct chemical series were evident within the screening hits. Resynthesis and reassay of the hits demonstrated that one series did not return active compounds, whereas three series returned active hits. Structure-activity studies demonstrated that the 4-benzoylpyrrole-2-carboxamide pharmacophore had excellent potential for further development. The minimum kinase binding pharmacophore was identified, and key examples demonstrated good selectivity for ERK5 over p38α kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Myers
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ruth H Bawn
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Louise C Bisset
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Timothy J Blackburn
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Betty Cottyn
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Lauren Molyneux
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ai-Ching Wong
- Cancer Research Technology, Ltd., Discovery Laboratories, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Celine Cano
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University , Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ross W Harrington
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University , Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Hing Leung
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research , Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K
| | - Laurent Rigoreau
- Cancer Research Technology, Ltd., Discovery Laboratories, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Sandrine Vidot
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Roger J Griffin
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Tim Hammonds
- Cancer Research Technology, Ltd., Discovery Laboratories, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - David R Newell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University , Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research and School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
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Wu Q, McLeish MJ. Kinetic and pH studies on human phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 539:1-8. [PMID: 24018397 PMCID: PMC3853373 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) catalyzes the conversion of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) to epinephrine (adrenaline) while, concomitantly, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) is converted to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction represents the terminal step in catecholamine biosynthesis and inhibitors of PNMT have been investigated, inter alia, as potential antihypertensive agents. At various times the kinetic mechanism of PNMT has been reported to operate by a random mechanism, an ordered mechanism in which norepinephrine binds first, and an ordered mechanism in which AdoMet binds first. Here we report the results of initial velocity studies on human PNMT in the absence and presence of product and dead end inhibitors. These, coupled with isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence binding experiments, clearly shown that hPNMT operates by an ordered sequential mechanism in which AdoMet binds first. Although the logV pH-profile was not well defined, plots of logV/K versus pH for AdoMet and phenylethanolamine, as well as the pKi versus pH for the inhibitor, SK&F 29661, were all bell-shaped indicating that a protonated and an unprotonated group are required for catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Michael J. McLeish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St. Indianapolis, IN 46202
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