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Dabur M, Loureiro JA, Pereira MC. Fluorinated Molecules and Nanotechnology: Future 'Avengers' against the Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082989. [PMID: 32340267 PMCID: PMC7216102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a serious health concern, affecting millions of people globally, which leads to cognitive impairment, dementia, and inevitable death. There is still no medically accepted treatment for AD. Developing therapeutic treatments for AD is an overwhelming challenge in the medicinal field, as the exact mechanics underlying its devastating symptoms is still not completely understood. Rather than the unknown mechanism of the disease, one of the limiting factors in developing new drugs for AD is the blood–brain barrier (BBB). A combination of nanotechnology with fluorinated molecules is proposed as a promising therapeutic treatment to meet the desired pharmacokinetic/physiochemical properties for crossing the BBB passage. This paper reviews the research conducted on fluorine-containing compounds and fluorinated nanoparticles (NPs) that have been designed and tested for the inhibition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide aggregation. Additionally, this study summarizes fluorinated molecules and NPs as promising agents and further future work is encouraged to be effective for the treatment of AD.
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2
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Spurlin S, Blocker M, LoBue J, Wu J, Padgett C, Shaikh A. Regioselective electrolytic 5,8-difluorination of quinolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Effect of solvent polarity on the regioselective hydroxyalkylation of indole with trifluoroacetaldehyde hemiacetals. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Dalvit C, Santi S, Neier R. A Ligand‐Based NMR Screening Approach for the Identification and Characterization of Inhibitors and Promoters of Amyloid Peptide Aggregation. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1458-1463. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Dalvit
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Neuchatel Avenue de Bellevaux 51 2000 Neuchatel Switzerland
| | - Sara Santi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Neuchatel Avenue de Bellevaux 51 2000 Neuchatel Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Neier
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Neuchatel Avenue de Bellevaux 51 2000 Neuchatel Switzerland
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5
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Inhibition of amyloid oligomerization into different supramolecular architectures by small molecules: mechanistic insights and design rules. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:797-810. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation have been associated with several human disorders, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, as well as senile systemic amyloidosis and Type II diabetes. However, there is no current disease-modifying therapy available for the treatment of these disorders. In spite of extensive academic, pharmaceutical, medicinal and clinical research, a complete mechanistic model for this family of diseases is still lacking. In this review, we primarily discuss the different types of small molecular entities which have been used for the inhibition of the aggregation process of different amyloidogenic proteins under diseased conditions. These include small peptides, polyphenols, inositols, quinones and their derivatives, and metal chelator molecules. In recent years, these groups of molecules have been extensively studied using in vitro, in vivo and computational models to understand their mechanism of action and common structural features underlying the process of inhibition. A salient feature found to be instrumental in the process of inhibition is the balance between the aromatic unit that functions as the amyloid recognition unit and the hydrophilic amyloid breaker unit. The establishment of structure–function relationship for amyloid-modifying therapies by the various functional entities should serve as an important step toward the development of efficient therapeutics.
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Horton W, Sood A, Peerannawar S, Kugyela N, Kulkarni A, Tulsan R, Tran CD, Soule J, LeVine H, Török B, Török M. Synthesis and application of β-carbolines as novel multi-functional anti-Alzheimer's disease agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:232-236. [PMID: 27923619 PMCID: PMC5282889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and assessment of β-carboline core-based compounds as potential multifunctional agents against several processes that are believed to play a significant role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, are described. The activity of the compounds was determined in Aβ self-assembly (fibril and oligomer formation) and cholinesterase (AChE, BuChE) activity inhibition, and their antioxidant properties were also assessed. To obtain insight into the mode of action of the compounds, HR-MS studies were carried out on the inhibitor-Aβ complex formation and molecular docking was performed on inhibitor-BuChE interactions. While several compounds exhibited strong activities in individual assays, compound 14 emerged as a promising multi-target lead for the further structure-activity relationship studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Horton
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abha Sood
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nandor Kugyela
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aditya Kulkarni
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rekha Tulsan
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chris D Tran
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Soule
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harry LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Chandler School of Medicine, and Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Béla Török
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marianna Török
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Ramshini H, Mannini B, Khodayari K, Ebrahim-Habibi A, Moghaddasi AS, Tayebee R, Chiti F. Bis(indolyl)phenylmethane derivatives are effective small molecules for inhibition of amyloid fibril formation by hen lysozyme. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:361-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Kasztelan A, Biedrzycki M, Kwiatkowski P. High-Pressure-Mediated Asymmetric Organocatalytic Hydroxyalkylation of Indoles with Trifluoromethyl Ketones. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kasztelan
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Biedrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Kwiatkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
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9
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Sittaramane V, Padgett J, Salter P, Williams A, Luke S, McCall R, Arambula JF, Graves VB, Blocker M, Van Leuven D, Bowe K, Heimberger J, Cade HC, Immaneni S, Shaikh A. Discovery of Quinoline-Derived Trifluoromethyl Alcohols, Determination of Their in vivo Toxicity and Anticancer Activity in a Zebrafish Embryo Model. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1802-7. [PMID: 26388134 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study the rational design, synthesis, and anticancer activity of quinoline-derived trifluoromethyl alcohols were evaluated. Members of this novel class of trifluoromethyl alcohols were identified as potent growth inhibitors in a zebrafish embryo model. Synthesis of these compounds was carried out with an sp(3) -C-H functionalization strategy of methyl quinolines with trifluoromethyl ketones. A zebrafish embryo model was also used to explore the toxicity of ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)butanoate (1), 2-benzyl-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-(quinolin-2-yl)propan-2-ol (2), and trifluoro-3-(isoquinolin-1-yl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)propan-2-ol (3). Compounds 2 and 3 were found to be more toxic than compound 1; apoptotic staining assays indicated that compound 3 causes increased cell death. In vitro cell proliferation assays showed that compound 2, with an LC50 value of 14.14 μm, has more potent anticancer activity than cisplatin. This novel class of inhibitors provides a new direction in the discovery of effective anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth Sittaramane
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA.
| | - Jihan Padgett
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA
| | - Philip Salter
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA
| | - Ashley Williams
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA
| | - Shauntelle Luke
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA
| | - Rebecca McCall
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Jonathan F Arambula
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Vincent B Graves
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Mark Blocker
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - David Van Leuven
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Keturah Bowe
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Julia Heimberger
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Hannah C Cade
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Supriya Immaneni
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Abid Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA.
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10
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Li S, Wang Y, Wang F, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhao M, Feng Q, Wu J, Zhao S, Wu W, Peng S. Small molecule PZL318: forming fluorescent nanoparticles capable of tracing their interactions with cancer cells and activated platelets, slowing tumor growth and inhibiting thrombosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5273-92. [PMID: 26345234 PMCID: PMC4554418 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s88052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low selectivity of chemotherapy correlates with poor outcomes of cancer patients. To improve this issue, a novel agent, N-(1-[3-methoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]-β-carboline-3-carbonyl)-Trp-Lys-OBzl (PZL318), was reported here. The transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy images demonstrated that PZL318 can form nanoparticles. Fluorescent and confocal images visualized that PZL318 formed fluorescent nanoparticles capable of targeting cancer cells and tracing their interactions with cancer cells. In vitro, 40 μM of PZL318 inhibited the proliferation of tumorigenic cells, but not nontumorigenic cells. In vivo, 10 nmol/kg of PZL318 slowed the tumor growth of S180 mice and alleviated the thrombosis of ferric chloride-treated ICR mice, while 100 μmol/kg of PZL318 did not injure healthy mice and they exhibited no liver toxicity. By analyzing Fourier transform–mass spectrometry and rotating-frame Overhauser spectroscopy (ROESY) two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, the chemical mechanism of PZL318-forming trimers and nanoparticles was explored. By using mesoscale simulation, a nanoparticle of 3.01 nm in diameter was predicted containing 13 trimers. Scavenging free radicals, downregulating sP-selectin expression and intercalating toward DNA were correlated with the antitumor mechanism of PZL318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaonan Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Qiqi Feng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shurui Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Basic Medicine of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Peng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Bag S, Tulsan R, Sood A, Cho H, Redjeb H, Zhou W, LeVine H, Török B, Török M. Sulfonamides as multifunctional agents for Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:626-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Blocker M, Immaneni S, Shaikh A. Triflic acid-catalyzed Csp3–H functionalization of 2-methyl azaarenes with a α-trifluoromethyl imino ester. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Li M, Howson SE, Dong K, Gao N, Ren J, Scott P, Qu X. Chiral metallohelical complexes enantioselectively target amyloid β for treating Alzheimer's disease. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11655-63. [PMID: 25062433 DOI: 10.1021/ja502789e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stereochemistry is a very important issue for the pharmaceutical industry and can determine drug efficacy. The design and synthesis of small molecules, especially chiral molecules, which selectively target and inhibit amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, represent valid therapeutic strategies for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein we report that two triple-helical dinuclear metallosupramolecular complexes can act as a novel class of chiral amyloid-β inhibitors. Through targeting α/β-discordant stretches at the early steps of aggregation, these metal complexes can enantioselectively inhibit Aβ aggregation, which is demonstrated using fluorescent living cell-based screening and multiple biophysical and biochemical approaches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of enantioselective inhibition of Aβ aggregation. Intriguingly, as a promising candidate for AD treatment, the chiral metal complex can cross the blood-brain barrier and have superoxide dismutase activity. It is well-known that chiral discrimination is important for understanding chiral drug action. Generally, one enantiomer is pharmaceutically active while the other is inactive or exerts severe side effects. Chiral discrimination should be important for AD treatment. Our work provides new insights into chiral inhibition of Aβ aggregation and opens a new avenue for design and screening of chiral agents as Aβ inhibitors against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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14
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Du F, Zhang X, Li S, Wang Y, Zheng M, Wang Y, Zhao S, Wu J, Gui L, Zhao M, Peng S. Mechanism of forming trimer, self-assembling nano-particle and inhibiting tumor growth of small molecule CIPPCT. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00158c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism whereby CIPPCT forms nanoparticles capable of delivery in circulation and adhering on cancer cells is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Shan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yaonan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Meiqing Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yuji Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Shurui Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Lin Gui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology
- Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Shiqi Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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15
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Zhu H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao S, Zhao M, Gui L, Xu W, Chen XA, Wang Y, Peng S. Folded Conformation, Cyclic Pentamer, Nano-Structure and PAD4 Binding Mode of YW3-56. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2013; 117:10070-10078. [PMID: 23795230 PMCID: PMC3685498 DOI: 10.1021/jp311726k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The physical and chemical mechanisms of small molecules with pharmacological activity forming nano-structures are developing into a new field of nano-medicine. By using ROESY 2D NMR spectroscopy, trandem mass spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and computer-assisted molecular modeling, this paper demonstrated the contribution of the folded conformation, the intra- and intermolecular π-π stacking, the intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and the receptor binding free energy of 6-dimethylaminonaph-2-yl-{N-S-[1-benzylcarba-moyl-4-(2-chloroacetamidobutyl)]-carboxamide (YW3-56) to the rapid formation of nano-rings and the slow formation of nano-capsules. Thus we have developed a strategy that makes it possible to elucidate the physical and chemical mechanisms of bioactive small molecules forming nano-structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yuji Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yaonan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Shurui Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Lin Gui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Wenyun Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyun Amy Chen
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yanming Wang
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shiqi Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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16
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Bag S, Ghosh S, Tulsan R, Sood A, Zhou W, Schifone C, Foster M, LeVine H, Török B, Török M. Design, synthesis and biological activity of multifunctional α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffolds for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2614-8. [PMID: 23540646 PMCID: PMC3676911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of compounds containing an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety, such as chalcones and coumarins were designed, synthesized and tested in a variety of assays to assess their potential as anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) agents. The investigations included the inhibition of cholinesterases (AChE, BuChE), the inhibition of amyloid beta (Aβ) self-assembly and the disassembly of preformed Aβ oligomers. Several compounds showed excellent potential as multifunctional compounds for AD. Docking studies for 16 that performed well in all the assays gave a clear interpretation of various interactions in the gorge of AChE. Based on the results, the long-chain coumarin scaffold appears to be a promising structural template for further AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA
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17
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Török B, Sood A, Bag S, Tulsan R, Ghosh S, Borkin D, Kennedy AR, Melanson M, Madden R, Zhou W, Levine H, Török M. Diaryl hydrazones as multifunctional inhibitors of amyloid self-assembly. Biochemistry 2013; 52:1137-48. [PMID: 23346953 DOI: 10.1021/bi3012059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The design and application of an effective, new class of multifunctional small molecule inhibitors of amyloid self-assembly are described. Several compounds based on the diaryl hydrazone scaffold were designed. Forty-four substituted derivatives of this core structure were synthesized using a variety of benzaldehydes and phenylhydrazines and characterized. The inhibitor candidates were evaluated in multiple assays, including the inhibition of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrillogenesis and oligomer formation and the reverse processes, the disassembly of preformed fibrils and oligomers. Because the structure of the hydrazone-based inhibitors mimics the redox features of the antioxidant resveratrol, the radical scavenging effect of the compounds was evaluated by colorimetric assays against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide radicals. The hydrazone scaffold was active in all of the different assays. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the substituents on the aromatic rings had a considerable effect on the overall activity of the compounds. The inhibitors showed strong activity in fibrillogenesis inhibition and disassembly, and even greater potency in the inhibition of oligomer formation and oligomer disassembly. Supporting the quantitative fluorometric and colorimetric assays, size exclusion chromatographic studies indicated that the best compounds practically eliminated or substantially inhibited the formation of soluble, aggregated Aβ species, as well. Atomic force microscopy was also applied to monitor the morphology of Aβ deposits. The compounds also possessed the predicted antioxidant properties; approximately 30% of the synthesized compounds showed a radical scavenging effect equal to or better than that of resveratrol or ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Török
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA
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18
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Graves VB, Shaikh A. Lewis acid-catalyzed Csp3–H functionalization of methyl azaarenes with α-trifluoromethyl carbonyl compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Török B, Sood A, Bag S, Kulkarni A, Borkin D, Lawler E, Dasgupta S, Landge S, Abid M, Zhou W, Foster M, LeVine H, Török M. Structure-activity relationships of organofluorine inhibitors of β-amyloid self-assembly. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:910-9. [PMID: 22351619 PMCID: PMC4848461 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A broad group of structurally diverse small organofluorine compounds were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of β-amyloid (Aβ) self-assembly. The main goal was to generate a diverse library of compounds with the same functional group and to observe general structural features that characterize inhibitors of Aβ oligomer and fibril formation, ultimately identifying structures for further focused inhibitor design. The common structural motifs in these compounds are CF(3) -C-OH and CF(3) -C-NH groups that were proposed to be binding units in our previous studies. A broad range of potential small-molecule inhibitors were synthesized by combining various carbocyclic and heteroaromatic rings with an array of substituents, generating a total of 106 molecules. The compounds were tested by standard methods such as thioflavin-T fluorescence spectroscopy for monitoring fibril formation, biotinyl Aβ(1-42) single-site streptavidin-based assays for observing oligomer formation, and atomic force microscopy for morphological studies. These assays revealed a number of structures that show significant inhibition against either Aβ fibril or oligomer formation. A detailed analysis of the structure-activity relationship of anti-fibril and -oligomer properties is provided. These data present further experimental evidence for the distinct nature of fibril versus oligomer formation and indicate that the interaction of the Aβ peptide with chiral small molecules is not stereospecific in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Török
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 (USA)
| | - Abha Sood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 (USA)
| | - Seema Bag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 (USA)
| | - Aditya Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 (USA)
| | - Dmitry Borkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 (USA)
| | - Elizabeth Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 (USA)
| | - Sujaya Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 (USA)
| | - Shainaz Landge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 (USA)
| | - Mohammed Abid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 (USA)
| | - Weihong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 (USA)
| | - Michelle Foster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 (USA)
| | - Harry LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Chandler School of Medicine and Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 (USA)
| | - Marianna Török
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 (USA)
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Li G, Rauscher S, Baud S, Pomès R. Binding of inositol stereoisomers to model amyloidogenic peptides. J Phys Chem B 2011; 116:1111-9. [PMID: 22091989 DOI: 10.1021/jp208567n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The self-aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils is a pathological hallmark of numerous incurable diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. scyllo-Inositol is a stereochemistry-dependent in vitro inhibitor of amyloid formation. As the first step to elucidate its mechanism of action, we present molecular dynamics simulations of scyllo-inositol and its inactive stereoisomer, chiro-inositol, with simple peptide models, alanine dipeptide (ADP) and (Gly-Ala)(4). We characterize molecular interactions and compute equilibrium binding constants between inositol and ADP as well as, successively, monomers, amorphous aggregates, and fibril-like β-sheet aggregates of (Gly-Ala)(4). Inositol interacts weakly with all peptide systems considered, with millimolar to molar affinities, and displaces the conformational equilibria of ADP but not of the (Gly-Ala)(4) systems. However, scyllo- and chiro-inositol adopt different binding modes on the surface of β-sheet aggregates. These results suggest that inositol does not inhibit amyloid formation by breaking up preformed aggregates but rather by binding to the surface of prefibrillar aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1
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Bartolini M, Pistolozzi M, Andrisano V, Egea J, López MG, Iriepa I, Moraleda I, Gálvez E, Marco-Contelles J, Samadi A. Chemical and Pharmacological Studies on Enantiomerically Pure p-Methoxytacripyrines, Promising Multi-Target-Directed Ligands for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1990-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Borkin DA, Landge SM, Török B. Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with trifluoroacetaldehyde catalyzed by Cinchona alkaloids. Chirality 2011; 23:612-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sood A, Abid M, Sauer C, Hailemichael S, Foster M, Török B, Török M. Disassembly of preformed amyloid beta fibrils by small organofluorine molecules. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2044-7. [PMID: 21354796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease is to reduce the amount of toxic amyloid-beta oligomers and fibrillar amyloid plaques. In order to contribute to this approach the ability of small organofluorine compounds that were previously reported as successful inhibitors of fibrillogenesis to destabilize preformed fibrils of the amyloid-beta peptide was studied. These organofluorine molecules including chiral compounds were tested in vitro using standard methods based on Thioflavin-T (THT) fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was observed that 5'-halogen substituted 3,3,3-trifluoromethyl-2-hydroxyl-(indol-3-yl)-propionic acid esters showed significant activity in the disassembly of the preformed fibrils. Since the same compounds were identified as strong fibrillogenesis inhibitors as well, this dual action makes them promising candidates for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Sood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA
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24
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Borkin D, Morzhina E, Datta S, Rudnitskaya A, Sood A, Török M, Török B. Heteropoly acid-catalyzed microwave-assisted three-component aza-Diels-Alder cyclizations: diastereoselective synthesis of potential drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1394-401. [PMID: 21210035 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00638f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly diastereoselective microwave-assisted three component synthesis of azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-5-ones by a silicotungstic acid-catalyzed aza-Diels-Alder cyclization is described. The one-pot process involves the formation of the in situ generated Schiff base and its immediate cyclization with cyclohex-2-enone. The short reaction times, good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity make this annulation a practical and environmentally attractive method for the synthesis of the target compounds. Preliminary assays were carried out to determine the activity of the products in AChE as well as in amyloid β fibrillogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Borkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA
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