1
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Oryani MA, Nosrati S, Javid H, Mehri A, Hashemzadeh A, Karimi-Shahri M. Targeted cancer treatment using folate-conjugated sponge-like ZIF-8 nanoparticles: a review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1377-1404. [PMID: 37715816 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
ZIF-8 (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8) is a potential drug delivery system because of its unique properties, which include a large surface area, a large pore capacity, a large loading capacity, and outstanding stability under physiological conditions. ZIF-8 nanoparticles may be readily functionalized with targeting ligands for the identification and absorption of particular cancer cells, enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic medicines and reducing adverse effects. ZIF-8 is also pH-responsive, allowing medication release in the acidic milieu of cancer cells. Because of its tunable structure, it can be easily functionalized to design cancer-specific targeted medicines. The delivery of ZIF-8 to cancer cells can be facilitated by folic acid-conjugation. Hence, it can bind to overexpressed folate receptors on the surface of cancer cells, which holds the promise of reducing unwanted deliveries. As a result of its importance in cancer treatment, the folate-conjugated ZIF-8 was the major focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shamim Nosrati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Azad Shahroud University, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ali Mehri
- Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Hashemzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Karimi-Shahri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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2
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Rana A, Bhatnagar S. Advancements in folate receptor targeting for anti-cancer therapy: A small molecule-drug conjugate approach. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104946. [PMID: 33989916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery combined with controlled release of drugs has a crucial role in future of personalized medicine. The majority of cancer drugs are intended to interfere with one or more cellular events. Anticancer agents can also be toxic to healthy cells, as healthy cells may also need to proliferate and avoid apoptosis. The focus of this review covers the principles, advantages, drawbacks and summarize criteria that must be met for design of small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) to achieve the desired therapeutic potency with minimal toxicity. SMDCs are composed of a targeting ligand, a releasable bridge, a spacer, and a therapeutic payload. We summarize the criteria for the effective design that influences the selection of tumor specific receptor and optimum elements in the design of SMDCs. We also discuss the criteria for selecting the optimal therapeutic drug payload, spacer and linker. The linker chemistries and cleavage strategies are also discussed. Finally, we review the folate receptor targeting SMDCs that are in preclinical development and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Rana
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Seema Bhatnagar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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3
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Zhang Z, Li Q, Du X, Liu M. Application of electrochemical biosensors in tumor cell detection. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:840-850. [PMID: 32101379 PMCID: PMC7113062 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional methods for detecting tumors, such as immunological methods and histopathological diagnostic techniques, often request high analytical costs, complex operation, long turnaround time, experienced personnel and high false-positive rates. In addition, these assays are difficult to obtain an early diagnosis and prognosis quickly for malignant tumors. Compared with traditional technology, electrochemical technology has realized the study of interface charge transfer behavior at the atomic and molecular levels, which has become an important analytical and detection tool in contemporary analytical science. Electrochemical technique has the advantages of rapid detection, high sensitivity (single cell) and specificity in the detection of tumor cells, which has not only been successful in differentiating tumor cells from normal cells, but has also achieved targeted detection of localized tumor cells and circulating tumor cells. Electrochemical biosensors provide powerful tools for early diagnosis, staging and prognosis of tumors in clinical medicine. Therefore, this review mainly discusses the development and application of electrochemical biosensors in tumor cell detection in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Qingchao Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xin Du
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
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4
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Deng Z, Hu J, Liu S. Disulfide-Based Self-Immolative Linkers and Functional Bioconjugates for Biological Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900531. [PMID: 31755619 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is of vital importance to reversibly mask and selectively activate bioactive agents for advanced therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, aiming to efficiently suppress background interferences and attenuate systemic toxicity. This strategy has been involved in diverse applications spanning from chemical/biological sensors and diagnostics to drug delivery nanocarriers. Among these, redox-responsive disulfide linkages have been extensively utilized by taking advantage of extracellular and intracellular glutathione (GSH) gradients. However, direct conjugation of cleavable triggers to bioactive agents through disulfide bonds suffers from bulky steric hindrance and limited choice of trigger-drug combinations. Fortunately, the emergence of disulfide self-immolative linkers (DSILs) provides a general and robust strategy to not only mask various bioactive agents through the formation of dynamic disulfide linkages but also make it possible to be selectively activated upon disulfide cleavage in the reductive cytoplasmic milieu. In this review, recent developments in DSILs are focused with special attention on emerging chemical design strategies and functional applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
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5
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Sengee M, Eksteen JJ, Nergård SL, Vasskog T, Sydnes LK. Preparation and Assessment of Self-Immolative Linkers for Therapeutic Bioconjugates with Amino- and Hydroxyl-Containing Cargoes. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1489-1499. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myagmarsuren Sengee
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, P.O. Box
6434, Tromsø Science Park, NO-9294 Tromsø, Norway
| | - J. Johannes Eksteen
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, P.O. Box
6434, Tromsø Science Park, NO-9294 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Silje Lillemark Nergård
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050, Langnes, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Vasskog
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, P.O. Box
6434, Tromsø Science Park, NO-9294 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050, Langnes, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Leiv K. Sydnes
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, P.O. Box
6434, Tromsø Science Park, NO-9294 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
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6
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Gaugaz FZ, Chicca A, Redondo-Horcajo M, Barasoain I, Díaz JF, Altmann KH. Synthesis, Microtubule-Binding Affinity, and Antiproliferative Activity of New Epothilone Analogs and of an EGFR-Targeted Epothilone-Peptide Conjugate. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1113. [PMID: 30841526 PMCID: PMC6429585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new simplified, epoxide-free epothilone analog was prepared incorporating an N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-benzimidazole side chain, which binds to microtubules with high affinity and inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro with nM potency. Building on this scaffold, a disulfide-linked conjugate with the purported EGFR-binding (EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor) peptide GE11 was then prepared. The conjugate retained significant microtubule-binding affinity, in spite of the size of the peptide attached to the benzimidazole side chain. The antiproliferative activity of the conjugate was significantly lower than for the parent scaffold and, surprisingly, was independent of the EGFR expression status of cells. Our data indicate that the disulfide-based conjugation with the GE11 peptide is not a viable approach for effective tumor-targeting of highly potent epothilones and probably not for other cytotoxics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Zdenka Gaugaz
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Mariano Redondo-Horcajo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Barasoain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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7
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Zhuang C, Guan X, Ma H, Cong H, Zhang W, Miao Z. Small molecule-drug conjugates: A novel strategy for cancer-targeted treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:883-895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Alihodžić S, Bukvić M, Elenkov IJ, Hutinec A, Koštrun S, Pešić D, Saxty G, Tomašković L, Žiher D. Current Trends in Macrocyclic Drug Discovery and beyond -Ro5. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 57:113-233. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Krajčovičová S, Gucký T, Hendrychová D, Kryštof V, Soural M. A Stepwise Approach for the Synthesis of Folic Acid Conjugates with Protein Kinase Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13530-13541. [PMID: 29171753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report an alternative synthetic approach for selected 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine CDK inhibitor conjugates with folic acid as a drug-delivery system targeting folate receptors. In contrast to the previously reported approaches, the desired conjugates were constructed stepwise using solid-phase synthesis starting from immobilized primary amines. The ability of the prepared conjugates to release the free drug was verified using dithiothreitol (DTT) and glutathione (GSH) as liberating agents. Finally, binding to the folate receptor (FOLR1) overexpressed in a cancer cell line was measured by flow cytometry using a fluorescent imaging probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Krajčovičová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University , Tr. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gucký
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR , Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Hendrychová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR , Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR , Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Soural
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University , Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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10
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Foley CN, Chen LA, Sackett DL, Leighton JL. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Linkable Functional Group-Equipped Analogue of the Epothilones. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:701-704. [PMID: 28740601 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An approach to the validation of a linker strategy for the epothilone family of microtubule-stabilizing agents is reported. An analogue of epothilone B in which the C(6) methyl group has been replaced with a 4-azidobutyl group has been prepared by total chemical synthesis, and amides derived from the azido group have been shown to retain the activity of the parent compound. These results set the stage for an evaluation of the potential of the epothilones to serve as the drug component of antibody-drug conjugates and other selective tumor cell-targeting conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne N. Foley
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Liang-An Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dan L. Sackett
- Eunice Kennedy
Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - James L. Leighton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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11
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Wong PT, Tang S, Cannon J, Mukherjee J, Isham D, Gam K, Payne M, Yanik SA, Baker JR, Choi SK. A Thioacetal Photocage Designed for Dual Release: Application in the Quantitation of Therapeutic Release by Synchronous Reporter Decaging. Chembiochem 2017; 18:126-135. [PMID: 27902870 PMCID: PMC5213739 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the immense potential of existing photocaging technology, its application is limited by the paucity of advanced caging tools. Here, we report on the design of a novel thioacetal ortho-nitrobenzaldehyde (TNB) dual arm photocage that enabled control of the simultaneous release of two payloads linked to a single TNB unit. By using this cage, which was prepared in a single step from commercial 6-nitroverataldehyde, three drug-fluorophore conjugates were synthesized: Taxol-TNB-fluorescein, Taxol-TNB-coumarin, and doxorubicin-TNB-coumarin, and long-wavelength UVA light-triggered release experiments demonstrated that dual payload release occurred with rapid decay kinetics for each conjugate. In cell-based assays performed in vitro, dual release could also be controlled by UV exposure, resulting in increased cellular fluorescence and cytotoxicity with potency equal to that of unmodified drug towards the KB carcinoma cell line. The extent of such dual release was quantifiable by reporter fluorescence measured in situ and was found to correlate with the extent of cytotoxicity. Thus, this novel dual arm cage strategy provides a valuable tool that enables both active control and real-time monitoring of drug activation at the delivery site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela T Wong
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shengzhuang Tang
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jayme Cannon
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jhindan Mukherjee
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Danielle Isham
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kristina Gam
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael Payne
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sean A Yanik
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James R Baker
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Seok Ki Choi
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Ctr. Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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12
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Kue CS, Kamkaew A, Burgess K, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Lee HB. Small Molecules for Active Targeting in Cancer. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:494-575. [PMID: 26992114 DOI: 10.1002/med.21387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
For the purpose of this review, active targeting in cancer research encompasses strategies wherein a ligand for a cell surface receptor expressed on tumor cells is used to deliver a cytotoxic or imaging cargo. This area of research is more than two decades old, but in those 20 and more years, how many receptors have been studied extensively? What kinds of the ligands are used for active targeting? Are they mostly naturally occurring molecules such as folic acid, or synthetic substances developed in campaigns for medicinal chemistry efforts? This review outlines the most important receptor or ligand combinations that have been used in active targeting to answer these questions, and therefore to address the most important one of all: is research in active targeting affording diminishing returns, or is this an area for which the potential far exceeds progress made so far?
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin S Kue
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842
| | - Lik V Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Y Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hong B Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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de Mas N, Kientzler DC, Kleindienst D. Endotoxin Removal from a Small-Molecule Aqueous Drug Substance Using Ultrafiltration: A Case Study. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria de Mas
- Chemical Development and ‡Analytical & Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Donald C. Kientzler
- Chemical Development and ‡Analytical & Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Devon Kleindienst
- Chemical Development and ‡Analytical & Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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14
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Alouane A, Labruère R, Le Saux T, Schmidt F, Jullien L. Self-immolative spacers: kinetic aspects, structure-property relationships, and applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7492-509. [PMID: 26053475 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Self-immolative spacers are covalent assemblies tailored to correlate the cleavage of two chemical bonds after activation of a protective part in a precursor: Upon stimulation, the protective moiety is removed, which generates a cascade of disassembling reactions leading to the temporally sequential release of smaller molecules. Originally introduced to overcome limitations for drug delivery, self-immolative spacers have gained wide interest in medicinal chemistry, analytical chemistry, and material science. For most applications, the kinetics of the disassembly of the activated self-immolative spacer governs functional properties. This Review addresses kinetic aspects of self-immolation. It provides information for selecting a particular self-immolative motif for a specific demand. Moreover, it should help researchers design kinetic experiments and fully exploit the rich perspectives of self-immolative spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alouane
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France).,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).,CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).,Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris (France).,CNRS, UMR 3666, 75248 Paris (France).,INSERM, U 1143, 75248 Paris (France)
| | - Raphaël Labruère
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex (France)
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France).,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).,CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France)
| | - Frédéric Schmidt
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris (France). .,CNRS, UMR 3666, 75248 Paris (France). .,INSERM, U 1143, 75248 Paris (France).
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France). .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France). .,CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).
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15
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Alouane A, Labruère R, Le Saux T, Schmidt F, Jullien L. Selbstzerlegende Spacer: kinetische Aspekte, Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Zhang H, Wang K, Cheng X, Lu Y, Zhang Q. Synthesis and In vitrocytotoxicity of poly(ethylene glycol)-epothilone B conjugates. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Central South University; Changsha People's Republic of China
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing 100850 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing 100850 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Cheng
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing 100850 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Lu
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing 100850 People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing 100850 People's Republic of China
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Peethambaram PP, Hartmann LC, Jonker DJ, de Jonge M, Plummer ER, Martin L, Konner J, Marshall J, Goss GD, Teslenko V, Clemens PL, Cohen LJ, Ahlers CM, Alland L. A phase I pharmacokinetic and safety analysis of epothilone folate (BMS-753493), a folate receptor targeted chemotherapeutic agent in humans with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2014; 33:321-31. [PMID: 25380635 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The folate receptor alpha is selectively over-expressed in a number of human cancers. BMS-753493 is a folate conjugate of the epothilone analog BMS-748285 that was designed to selectively target folate receptor expressing cancer cells. Methods BMS-753493 was investigated in two parallel multi-institutional first-in-human phase I/IIa studies in patients with advanced solid tumors. In Study 1, patients were treated on a schedule of once daily dosing of BMS-753493 administered on Days 1, 4, 8 and 11 every 21 days with a starting dose of 5 mg daily and in Study 2, patients were treated once daily on Days 1-4 every 21 days, with a starting dose of 2.5 mg daily. Results A total of 65 patients were treated across the two studies. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 26 mg in Study 1 and 15 mg in Study 2. Fatigue, transaminitis, gastrointestinal toxicity, and mucositis were dose-limiting toxicities. One patient in Study 2 developed Stevens-Johnson syndrome attributed to BMS-753493. Plasma exposures of both the conjugated and free epothilone increased in a dose related fashion in both studies and the half-life of the conjugated epothilone was 0.2-0.6 h across dose levels. No objective tumor responses were seen in either study. Conclusions BMS-753493 was generally tolerable and toxicities known to be associated with epothilone class of anticancer agents were common, although peripheral neuropathy and neutropenia appear to have been less frequent and less severe as compared to epothilones. Antitumor activity was not demonstrated and further development of BMS-753493 has been discontinued.
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Abstract
Epothilones A and B are naturally occurring microtubule stabilizers with nanomolar or even sub-nanomolar activity against human cancer cells in vitro and potent in vivo antitumor activity against multidrug-resistant tumors. Over the last decade, ten epothilonetype agents have entered clinical trials in humans; of these, the epothilone B lactam ixabepilone (BMS-247550; Ixempra®) was approved by the FDA for breast cancer treatment in 2007. Numerous synthetic and semisynthetic analogs of epothilones have been prepared and their in vitro and (in selected cases) in vivo biological activity has been determined, producing a wealth of SAR information on this compound family. This chapter will provide a brief summary of the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of epothilone B (Epo B). The major part of the discussion will then be organized around those epothilone analogs that have entered clinical development. For each analog the underlying synthetic chemistry and the most important preclinical features will be reviewed, together with the properties of some important related structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Schiess
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
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Application of a stabilizer cocktail of N-ethylmaleimide and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride to concurrently stabilize the disulfide and ester containing compounds in a plasma LC–MS/MS assay. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 88:552-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Synthesis and activity of a folate targeted monodisperse PEG camptothecin conjugate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5810-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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21
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Microbial natural products: molecular blueprints for antitumor drugs. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:1181-210. [PMID: 23999966 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbes from two of the three domains of life, the Prokarya, and Eukarya, continue to serve as rich sources of structurally complex chemical scaffolds that have proven to be essential for the development of anticancer therapeutics. This review describes only a handful of exemplary natural products and their derivatives as well as those that have served as elegant blueprints for the development of novel synthetic structures that are either currently in use or in clinical or preclinical trials together with some of their earlier analogs in some cases whose failure to proceed aided in the derivation of later compounds. In every case, a microbe has been either identified as the producer of secondary metabolites or speculated to be involved in the production via symbiotic associations. Finally, rapidly evolving next-generation sequencing technologies have led to the increasing availability of microbial genomes. Relevant examples of genome mining and genetic manipulation are discussed, demonstrating that we have only barely scratched the surface with regards to harnessing the potential of microbes as sources of new pharmaceutical leads/agents or biological probes.
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Abu Ajaj K, El-Abadla N, Welker P, Azab S, Zeisig R, Fichtner I, Kratz F. Comparative evaluation of the biological properties of reducible and acid-sensitive folate prodrugs of a highly potent doxorubicin derivative. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:2054-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Amplified release through the stimulus triggered degradation of self-immolative oligomers, dendrimers, and linear polymers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1031-45. [PMID: 21996055 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous delivery systems based on polymers, dendrimers, and nano-scale assemblies have been developed to improve the properties of drug molecules. In general, for the drug molecules to be active, they must be released from these delivery systems, ideally in a selective manner at the therapeutic target. As the changes in physiological conditions are relatively subtle from one tissue to another and the concentrations of specific enzymes are often quite low, a release strategy involving the amplification of a biological signal is particularly attractive. This article describes the development of oligomers, dendrimers, and linear polymers based on self-immolative spacers. This new class of molecules is designed to undergo a cascade of intramolecular reactions in response to the cleavage of a trigger moiety, resulting in molecular fragmentation and the release of multiple reporter or drug molecules. Progress in the development of these materials as drug delivery vehicles and sensors will be highlighted.
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Vlahov IR, Leamon CP. Engineering folate-drug conjugates to target cancer: from chemistry to clinic. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1357-69. [PMID: 22667324 DOI: 10.1021/bc2005522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The folate receptor (FR) is a potentially useful biological target for the management of many human cancers. This membrane protein binds extracellular folates with very high affinity and, through an endocytic process, physically delivers them inside the cell for biological consumption. There are now many examples of how this physiological system can be exploited for the targeted delivery of biologically active molecules to cancer. In fact, strong preclinical as well as emerging clinical evidence exists showing how FR-positive cancers can be (i) anatomically identified using folate conjugates of radiodiagnostic imaging agents and (ii) effectively treated with companion folate-targeted chemotherapies. While the biological results are compelling, it is of equal importance to understand the conjugation chemistries that were developed to produce these active molecules. Therefore, this review will focus on the methods utilized to construct folate-based small-molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs), with particular attention focused on modular design, hydrophilic spacers, and self-immolative linkers.
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Synthesis and activity of folate conjugated didemnin B for potential treatment of inflammatory diseases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:709-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Kim SH, de Mas N, Parlanti L, Lyngberg OK, Ströhlein G, Guo Z, Dambalas K, Rosso VW, Yang BS, Girard KP, Manaloto ZA, D’Arasmo G, Frigerio RE, Wang W, Lu X, Bolgar MS, Gokhale M, Thakur AB. Synthesis, Chromatographic Purification, and Isolation of Epothilone–Folic Acid Conjugate BMS-753493. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op200023g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Germano D’Arasmo
- NerPharMa DS, Nerviano Medical Sciences Group, Via Pasteur 10, 20014 Nerviano, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo E. Frigerio
- NerPharMa DS, Nerviano Medical Sciences Group, Via Pasteur 10, 20014 Nerviano, Milan, Italy
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Ouyang L, He D, Zhang J, He G, Jiang B, Wang Q, Chen Z, Pan J, Li Y, Guo L. Selective bone targeting 5-fluorouracil prodrugs: Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3750-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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DeWit MA, Gillies ER. Design, synthesis, and cyclization of 4-aminobutyric acid derivatives: potential candidates as self-immolative spacers. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1846-54. [PMID: 21267507 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00890g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-immolative spacers have gained significant interest in recent years due to their utility in numerous prodrug, sensor and drug delivery systems. However, there are a very limited number of spacers that are capable of undergoing spontaneous and rapid reactions under mild conditions. To address this need, 4-aminobutyric acid derivatives were explored as a potential class of self-immolative spacers. Using a modular approach, eleven N- and α-substituted derivatives of 4-aminobutyric acid were synthesized, and their intramolecular cyclizations to γ-lactams were studied. Kinetics experiments were carried out at physiological pH and temperature, and the observed half-lives for the spacers ranged from 2 to 39 s, depending on the molecular structure. In addition, the pH dependence of the cyclization rate was also explored and it was found that cyclization still occurred rapidly at mildly acidic pH. Therefore, this class of compounds exhibits promise for incorporation into a variety of self-immolative systems where rapid cyclization reactions are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A DeWit
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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