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Cheng W, Huang Y, Gao H, Bold B, Zhang T, Yang D. Marine Natural Products as Novel Treatments for Parasitic Diseases. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38554166 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases including malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis have received significant attention due to their severe health implications, especially in developing countries. Marine natural products from a vast and diverse range of marine organisms such as sponges, corals, molluscs, and algae have been found to produce unique bioactive compounds that exhibit promising potent properties, including antiparasitic, anti-Plasmodial, anti-Leishmanial, and anti-Trypanosomal activities, providing hope for the development of effective treatments. Furthermore, various techniques and methodologies have been used to investigate the mechanisms of these antiparasitic compounds. Continued efforts in the discovery and development of marine natural products hold significant promise for the future of novel treatments against parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Cheng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yanbing Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haijun Gao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/The Second Clinical Medical College), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bolor Bold
- National Center for Zoonotic Disease, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ting Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Dengfeng Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- College of Food and Quality Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning, China
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Susana SR, Salvador-Reyes LA. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Monosubstituted Xestoquinone Analogues from the Marine Sponge Neopetrosia compacta. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040607. [PMID: 35453294 PMCID: PMC9028180 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is recognized as a contributor to multiple chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and autoimmune disorders. Here, a natural products-initiated discovery of anti-inflammatory agents from marine sponges was undertaken. From the screening of 231 crude extracts, a total of 30 extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity with no direct cytotoxic effects at 50 μg/mL on RAW 264.7 (ATCC®TIB-71™) murine macrophage cells stimulated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bioactivity-guided purification of the anti-inflammatory extract from the sponge Neopetrosia compacta led to the isolation of xestoquinone (1), adociaquinone B (2), adociaquinone A (3), 14-hydroxymethylxestoquinone (4), 15-hydroxymethylxestoquinone (5), and an inseparable 2:1 mixture of 14-methoxyxestoquinone and 15-methoxyxestoquinone (6). Compounds 1–6 caused a concentration-dependent reduction of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, with 4–6 having low micromolar IC50 and acceptable selectivity index. Gene expression analysis using qRT-PCR showed that 1, 5, and 6 downregulated Il1b and Nos2 expression by 2.1- to 14.8-fold relative to the solvent control at 10 μM. Xestoquinone (1) and monosubstituted analogues (4–6), but not the disubstituted adociaquinones (2 and 3), caused Nrf2 activation in a luciferase reporter MCF7 stable cells. Compounds 5 and 6 caused a modest increase in Nqo1 gene expression at 10 μM. The anti-inflammatory activity of xestoquinone (1) and monosubstituted analogues (4–6) may, in part, be mediated by Nrf2 activation, leading to attenuation of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β and NOS2.
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Panggabean JA, Adiguna SP, Murniasih T, Rahmawati SI, Bayu A, Putra MY. Structure-Activity Relationship of Cytotoxic Natural Products from Indonesian Marine Sponges. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2022; 32:12-38. [PMID: 35034994 PMCID: PMC8740879 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-021-00195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Indonesian marine natural products have been one of the most promising sources in the race to obtain potential drugs for cancer treatment. One of the primary producers of cytotoxic compounds is sponges. However, there are still limited sources of comprehensive reviews related to the relationship between the structure of isolated compounds and their cytotoxic activity. This review remarks the attempt to provide a preliminary guidance from the perspective of structure-activity relationship and its participation on marine natural products research. This guidance is segregated by the compound's classes and their cytotoxic targets to obtain and organized a reliable summary of inter-study of the isolated compounds and their cytotoxicity. Structure-activity relationship is well-known for its ability to tune the bioactivity of a specific compound, especially on synthetic organic chemistry and in silico study but rarely used on natural product chemistry. The present review is intended to narrow down the endless possibilities of cytotoxicity by giving a predictable structure-activity relationship for active compounds. In addition, bioactive framework leads were selected by uncovering a noticeable structure-activity relationship with the intervention of cytotoxic agents from natural sources, especially Indonesian marine sponge. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Panggabean
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Jawa Barat 16911 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sya’ban P. Adiguna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Jawa Barat 16911 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Tutik Murniasih
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Jawa Barat 16911 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Siti I. Rahmawati
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Jawa Barat 16911 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Asep Bayu
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Jawa Barat 16911 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Masteria Y. Putra
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Jawa Barat 16911 Bogor, Indonesia
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Dai X, Sun Y, Zhang T, Ming Y, Hongwei G. An overview on natural farnesyltransferase inhibitors for efficient cancer therapy. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1027-1044. [PMID: 32308053 PMCID: PMC7191900 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1732366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the world's five terminally ills, tumours can cause important genetic dysfunction. However, some current medicines for tumours usually have strong toxic side effects and are prone to drug resistance. Studies have found that farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) extracted from natural materials have a good inhibiting ability on tumours with fewer side effects. This article describes several FTIs extracted from natural materials and clarifies the current research progress, which provides a new choice for the treatment of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Dai
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yingni Sun
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yongfei Ming
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Gao Hongwei
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Pearce AN, Kaiser M, Copp BR. Synthesis and antimalarial evaluation of artesunate-polyamine and trioxolane-polyamine conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:595-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bermingham A, Price E, Marchand C, Chergui A, Naumova A, Whitson EL, Krumpe LRH, Goncharova EI, Evans JR, McKee TC, Henrich CJ, Pommier Y, O'Keefe BR. Identification of Natural Products That Inhibit the Catalytic Function of Human Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase (TDP1). SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 22:1093-1105. [PMID: 28697309 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217717200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is an enzyme crucial for cleavage of the covalent topoisomerase 1-DNA complex, an intermediate in DNA repair. TDP1 plays a role in reversing inhibition of topoisomerase I by camptothecins, a series of potent and effective inhibitors used in the treatment of colorectal, ovarian, and small-cell lung cancers. It is hypothesized that inhibition of TDP1 activity may enhance camptothecin sensitivity in tumors. Here, we describe the design, development, and execution of a novel assay to identify inhibitors of TDP1 present in natural product extracts. The assay was designed to address issues with fluorescent "nuisance" molecules and to minimize the detection of false-positives caused by polyphenolic molecules known to nonspecifically inhibit enzyme activity. A total of 227,905 purified molecules, prefractionated extracts, and crude natural product extracts were screened. This yielded 534 initial positives (0.23%). Secondary prioritization reduced this number to 117 (0.05% final hit rate). Several novel inhibitors have been identified showing micromolar affinity for human TDP1, including halenaquinol sulfate, a pentacyclic hydroquinone from the sponge Xestospongia sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alun Bermingham
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Edmund Price
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christophe Marchand
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adel Chergui
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alena Naumova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily L Whitson
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lauren R H Krumpe
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Tawnya C McKee
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Curtis J Henrich
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.,Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barry R O'Keefe
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.,Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
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7
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Petroquinones: trimeric and dimeric xestoquinone derivatives isolated from the marine sponge Petrosia alfiani. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gan H, Huang Y, Feng W, Zhu W, Guo K. Concise Total Synthesis of Aplysinellamides A and B. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14326563172262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Concise and efficient total syntheses of bromotyrosine-derived metabolites aplysinellamides A and B, isolated from Australian marine sponge Aplysinella sp., have been accomplished in seven steps. A condensation between cinnamic acid and Boc-D-lysine methyl ester was applied to form the amide skeleton as a key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Gan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Weiyang Feng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Wentong Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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Shih SP, Lee MG, El-Shazly M, Juan YS, Wen ZH, Du YC, Su JH, Sung PJ, Chen YC, Yang JC, Wu YC, Lu MC. Tackling the Cytotoxic Effect of a Marine Polycyclic Quinone-Type Metabolite: Halenaquinone Induces Molt 4 Cells Apoptosis via Oxidative Stress Combined with the Inhibition of HDAC and Topoisomerase Activities. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:3132-53. [PMID: 26006712 PMCID: PMC4446623 DOI: 10.3390/md13053132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A marine polycyclic quinone-type metabolite, halenaquinone (HQ), was found to inhibit the proliferation of Molt 4, K562, MDA-MB-231 and DLD-1 cancer cell lines, with IC50 of 0.48, 0.18, 8.0 and 6.76 μg/mL, respectively. It exhibited the most potent activity against leukemia Molt 4 cells. Accumulating evidence showed that HQ may act as a potent protein kinase inhibitor in cancer therapy. To fully understand the mechanism of HQ, we further explored the precise molecular targets in leukemia Molt 4 cells. We found that the use of HQ increased apoptosis by 26.23%–70.27% and caused disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by 17.15%–53.25% in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by Annexin-V/PI and JC-1 staining assays, respectively. Moreover, our findings indicated that the pretreatment of Molt 4 cells with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, diminished MMP disruption and apoptosis induced by HQ, suggesting that ROS overproduction plays a crucial rule in the cytotoxic activity of HQ. The results of a cell-free system assay indicated that HQ could act as an HDAC and topoisomerase catalytic inhibitor through the inhibition of pan-HDAC and topoisomerase IIα expression, respectively. On the protein level, the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins p-Akt, NFκB, HDAC and Bcl-2, as well as hexokinase II was inhibited by the use of HQ. On the other hand, the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, PARP cleavage, caspase activation and cytochrome c release were increased after HQ treatment. Taken together, our results suggested that the antileukemic effect of HQ is ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis combined with the inhibitory effect on HDAC and topoisomerase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Ping Shih
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
| | - Man-Gang Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Yung-Shun Juan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chi Du
- Department of Botanicals, Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry Technology and Development Center , New Taipei City 248, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- The PhD Program of Cancer Biology and Drug discovery, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center of Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Chin Lu
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
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10
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Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of antimalarial polyamines. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lam CFC, Pearce AN, Tan SH, Kaiser M, Copp BR. Discovery and evaluation of thiazinoquinones as anti-protozoal agents. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3472-99. [PMID: 24022732 PMCID: PMC3806465 DOI: 10.3390/md11093472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure compound screening has identified the dioxothiazino-quinoline-quinone ascidian metabolite ascidiathiazone A (2) to be a moderate growth inhibitor of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (IC50 3.1 μM) and Plasmodium falciparum (K1 dual drug resistant strain) (IC50 3.3 μM) while exhibiting low levels of cytotoxicity (L6, IC50 167 μM). A series of C-7 amide and Δ2(3) analogues were prepared that explored the influence of lipophilicity and oxidation state on observed anti-protozoal activity and selectivity. Little variation in anti-malarial potency was observed (IC50 0.62–6.5 μM), and no correlation was apparent between anti-malarial and anti-T. brucei activity. Phenethylamide 7e and Δ2(3)-glycine analogue 8k exhibited similar anti-Pf activity to 2 but with slightly enhanced selectivity (SI 72 and 93, respectively), while Δ2(3)-phenethylamide 8e (IC50 0.67 μM, SI 78) exhibited improved potency and selectivity towards T. brucei rhodesiense compared to the natural product hit. A second series of analogues were prepared that replaced the quinoline ring of 2 with benzofuran or benzothiophene moieties. While esters 10a/10b and 15 were once again found to exhibit cytotoxicity, carboxylic acid analogues exhibited potent anti-Pf activity (IC50 0.34–0.035 μM) combined with excellent selectivity (SI 560–4000). In vivo evaluation of a furan carboxylic acid analogue against P. berghei was undertaken, demonstrating 85.7% and 47% reductions in parasitaemia with ip or oral dosing respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary F. C. Lam
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; E-Mails: (C.F.C.L.); (A.N.P.); (S.H.T.)
| | - A. Norrie Pearce
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; E-Mails: (C.F.C.L.); (A.N.P.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Shen H. Tan
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; E-Mails: (C.F.C.L.); (A.N.P.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, PO Box, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland; E-Mail:
- University of Basel, Basel CH-4003, Switzerland
| | - Brent R. Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; E-Mails: (C.F.C.L.); (A.N.P.); (S.H.T.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +64-9-923-8284; Fax: +64-9-373-7422
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12
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Liew LP, Kaiser M, Copp BR. Discovery and preliminary structure–activity relationship analysis of 1,14-sperminediphenylacetamides as potent and selective antimalarial lead compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:452-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Choomuenwai V, Andrews KT, Davis RA. Synthesis and antimalarial evaluation of a screening library based on a tetrahydroanthraquinone natural product scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:7167-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Lam CFC, Grkovic T, Pearce AN, Copp BR. Investigation of the electrophilic reactivity of the cytotoxic marine alkaloid discorhabdin B. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3092-7. [PMID: 22395232 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of action of the cytotoxic marine pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids the discorhabdins are unknown. We have determined that discorhabdin B acts as an electrophile towards biomimetic thiol nucleophiles leading to debrominated adducts. In contrast, less potent cytotoxins discorhabdins D and Q failed to react, supporting an SAR model of cytotoxicity requiring an orchestrated combination of an electrophilic Δ(1) carbon centre and a nucleophilic N-18 amine for potent activity. The stereospecific nature of nucleophile trapping exhibited by both enantiomers of discorhabdin B implies the biogenesis of ovothiol A substituted discorhabdins H, H(2), K and K(2) need not be mediated by enzymatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary F C Lam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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15
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Castro MA, Corral JMMD, Rodríguez ML, Feliciano AS. An easy route to pentacyclic terpenylquinones. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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