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Draskovits M, Kalaus H, Stanetty C, Mihovilovic MD. Intercepted dehomologation of aldoses by N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis – a novel transformation in carbohydrate chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12144-12147. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05906g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Examples of strong substrate governance and tuning of selectivity between two borderline scenarios by successful catalyst design are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hubert Kalaus
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- TU Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
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2
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Draskovits M, Stanetty C, Baxendale IR, Mihovilovic MD. Indium- and Zinc-Mediated Acyloxyallylation of Protected and Unprotected Aldotetroses-Revealing a Pronounced Diastereodivergence and a Fundamental Difference in the Performance of the Mediating Metal. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2647-2659. [PMID: 29369620 PMCID: PMC5838623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
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The
acyloxyallylation of unprotected aldoses was first demonstrated
more than a decade ago as a potentially elegant two-carbon homologation
of reducing sugars (upon ozonolysis); however, its application in
real case syntheses remained scarce. Following up on such a successful
showcase and to answer several pending questions about this attractive
transformation, we engaged in an in depth methodological reinvestigation.
The epimeric tetroses l-erythrose and d-threose
in unprotected and protected form were successfully applied to the
indium and also zinc-mediated acyloxyallylation, with the latter being
a first for an unprotected sugar. The investigation largely benefited
from the choice of these more exotic starting materials as it allowed
unambiguous identification/quantification of the hexose-products which
are available as authentic reference materials. The observed diastereoselectivities
indicate a strong substrate control (stereochemistry at O2), and the influence of the reagent’s structure on the selectivity
was investigated in great detail. A strong facial diastereodivergence
between related protected and unprotected structures was demonstrated
and an unexpected, pronounced principle difference in performance
between indium and zinc was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Draskovits
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien , Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian Stanetty
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien , Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University , South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Marko D Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien , Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna Austria
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Altiti AS, Ma X, Zhang L, Ban Y, Franck RW, Mootoo DR. Synthesis and biological activities of C-glycosides of KRN 7000 with novel ceramide residues. Carbohydr Res 2017; 443-444:73-77. [PMID: 28365448 PMCID: PMC5499692 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The identification of immunoactive agents for clinical and mechanistic applications is a very active area of research. In this vein, analogues of the potent immunostimulant KRN 7000 with diverse cytokine profiles have attracted considerable attention. These compounds have been shown to activate iNKT cells via presentation by CD1d. Herein, we report on the synthesis and activity for four new C-glycosides of KRN 7000, 11-phenylundecanoyl and 11-p-fluorophenylundecanoyl derivatives of C-KRN 7000, 2,3-bis-epi-C-KRN 7000 and the reverse amide of C-KRN 7000. In mice, compared to C-KRN 7000, 2,3-bis-epi-C-KRN 7000 stimulated higher release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and lower release of the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12. The phenyl terminated alkanoyl and reverse amide analogues were inactive. These data suggest that structure activity effects for KRN 7000 are not necessarily additive and their use in the design of new analogues will require an improved understanding of how subtle structural changes impact on cytokine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Altiti
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lixing Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yi Ban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Richard W Franck
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - David R Mootoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Altiti AS, Bachan S, Mootoo DR. The Crotylation Way to Glycosphingolipids: Synthesis of Analogues of KRN7000. Org Lett 2016; 18:4654-7. [PMID: 27560147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A synthesis of glycosphingolipids that centers on the reaction of O- and C-glycosyl crotylstannanes and relatively simple lipid aldehydes is described. The modularity of this strategy and versatility of the crotylation products make this an attractive approach to diverse, highly substituted libraries. The methodology is applied to analogues of the potent imunostimulatory glycolipid KRN7000, including O-, methylene-, and fluoromethine-linked isosteres with diastereomeric ceramide segments and 2-amido substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Altiti
- Hunter College, The City University of New York (CUNY) , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10021, United States.,The Graduate Center, CUNY , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Stewart Bachan
- Hunter College, The City University of New York (CUNY) , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10021, United States.,The Graduate Center, CUNY , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - David R Mootoo
- Hunter College, The City University of New York (CUNY) , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10021, United States.,The Graduate Center, CUNY , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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Liu Z, Courtney AN, Metelitsa LS, Bittman R. C-Glycosphingolipids with an exo-methylene substituent: stereocontrolled synthesis and immunostimulation of mouse and human natural killer T lymphocytes. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1733-7. [PMID: 22782839 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of The City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
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Banchet-Cadeddu A, Hénon E, Dauchez M, Renault JH, Monneaux F, Haudrechy A. The stimulating adventure of KRN 7000. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3080-104. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00975j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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