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Iqbal S, Firdous F, Furqan M, Bilal A, Fozail S, Pohl SÖG, Doleschall NJ, Myant KB, Singh U, Emwas AH, Jaremko M, Faisal A, Saleem RSZ. Synthesis and characterization of bis-amide SSE1917 as a microtubule-stabilizing anticancer agent. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107094. [PMID: 38199139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Microtubule dynamics are critical for spindle assembly and chromosome segregation during cell division. Pharmacological inhibition of microtubule dynamics in cells causes prolonged mitotic arrest, resulting in apoptosis, an approach extensively employed in treating different types of cancers. The present study reports the synthesis of thirty-two novel bis-amides (SSE1901-SSE1932) and the evaluation of their antiproliferative activities. N-(1-oxo-3-phenyl-1-(phenylamino)propan-2-yl)benzamide (SSE1917) exhibited the most potent activity with GI50 values of 0.331 ± 0.01 µM in HCT116 colorectal and 0.48 ± 0.27 µM in BT-549 breast cancer cells. SSE1917 stabilized microtubules in biochemical and cellular assays, bound to taxol site in docking studies, and caused aberrant mitosis and G2/M arrest in cells. Prolonged treatment of cells with the compound increased p53 expression and triggered apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, SSE1917 suppressed the growth of both mouse and patient-derived human colon cancer organoids, highlighting its potential therapeutic value as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Firdous
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan; Department of Life Sciences, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Department of Life Sciences, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Aishah Bilal
- Department of Life Sciences, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Salman Fozail
- Department of Life Sciences, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Sebastian Öther-Gee Pohl
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Nora Julia Doleschall
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin B Myant
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Upendra Singh
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- KAUST Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Faisal
- Department of Life Sciences, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan.
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan.
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Francavilla F, Sarcina F, Schepetkin IA, Kirpotina LN, Contino M, Schirizzi A, De Leonardis G, Khlebnikov AI, D'Alessandro R, Quinn MT, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M. Development of potent isoflavone-based formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) antagonists and their effects in gastric cancer cell models. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115854. [PMID: 37839346 PMCID: PMC10822168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor-1 (FPR1) is a G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor that plays a crucial role in the trafficking of leukocytes into the sites of bacterial infection and inflammation. Recently, FPR1 was shown to be expressed in different types of tumor cells and could play a significant role in tumor growth and invasiveness. Starting from the previously reported FPR1 antagonist 4, we have designed a new series of 4H-chromen-2-one derivatives that exhibited a substantial increase in FPR1 antagonist potency. Docking studies identified the key interactions for antagonist activity. The most potent compounds in this series (24a and 25b) were selected to study the effects of the pharmacological blockade of FPR1 in NCl-N87 and AGS gastric cancer cells. Both compounds potently inhibited cell growth through a combined effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis and reduced cell migration, while inducing an increase in angiogenesis, thus suggesting that FPR1 could play a dual role as oncogene and onco-suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Francavilla
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Sarcina
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Lilya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Schirizzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, National Institute of Gastroenterology - IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, 70013, Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Giampiero De Leonardis
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, National Institute of Gastroenterology - IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, 70013, Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Rosalba D'Alessandro
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, National Institute of Gastroenterology - IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, 70013, Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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3
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Kelly L, McGrath S, Rodgers L, McCall K, Tulunay Virlan A, Dempsey F, Crichton S, Goodyear CS. Annexin-A1; the culprit or the solution? Immunology 2022; 166:2-16. [PMID: 35146757 PMCID: PMC9426623 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin‐A1 has a well‐defined anti‐inflammatory role in the innate immune system, but its function in adaptive immunity remains controversial. This glucocorticoid‐induced protein has been implicated in a range of inflammatory conditions and cancers, as well as being found to be overexpressed on the T cells of patients with autoimmune disease. Moreover, the formyl peptide family of receptors, through which annexin‐A1 primarily signals, has also been implicated in these diseases. In contrast, treatment with recombinant annexin‐A1 peptides resulted in suppression of inflammatory processes in murine models of inflammation. This review will focus on what is currently known about annexin‐A1 in health and disease and discuss the potential of this protein as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kelly
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Sarah McGrath
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Lewis Rodgers
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Kathryn McCall
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Aysin Tulunay Virlan
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Fiona Dempsey
- Medannex Ltd, 1 Lochrin Square, Fountainbridge, Edinburgh, EH3 9QA
| | - Scott Crichton
- Medannex Ltd, 1 Lochrin Square, Fountainbridge, Edinburgh, EH3 9QA
| | - Carl S Goodyear
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
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Li J, Hu J, Xiao Y, Yin K, Dan W, Fan S, Jin F, Wu H, Zhang R, Li J. Direct C3-H carbamoylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with isocyanides enabled by selectfluor II under mild conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chu X, Wu Y, Lu H, Yang B, Ma C. Copper-Catalyzed Direct Carbamoylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H
)-ones with Hydrazinecarboxamides Under Mild Conditions. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Chu
- school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; 250100 Jinan P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Wu
- school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; 250100 Jinan P.R. China
| | - Haigen Lu
- school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; 250100 Jinan P.R. China
| | - Bingchuan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Liaocheng University; 252059 Liaocheng P.R. China
| | - Chen Ma
- school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; 250100 Jinan P.R. China
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Mastromarino M, Kirpotina LN, Schepetkin IA, Quinn MT, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M. Aurantiamide-related dipeptide derivatives are formyl peptide receptor 1 antagonists. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:2078-2088. [PMID: 32206242 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00336c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) is expressed on a variety of immune system cells and is a key regulator of the inflammatory environment. Therefore, the development of FPR1 antagonists may represent a novel approach for modulating innate immunity and treating inflammatory diseases. Starting from a dipeptide scaffold that is structurally related to the natural product aurantiamide, we investigated the structure-activity relationships of the dipeptide (2R,2'S)-6, which was reported as an FPR1 antagonist. We found that the absolute configuration 2R,2'S was preferred to obtain potent and selective FPR1 antagonists. The structural modifications performed on the terminal fragments of the molecule suggest that the size of the substituents can greatly influence the interaction with FPR1. These compounds behaved as antagonists in human neutrophils and were able to inhibit formyl peptide-induced chemotaxis. Since FPR1 is a key regulator of the inflammatory environment, the dipeptide derivatives described here may represent important leads for the development of new potent and selective FPR1 antagonists for the treatment of neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Mastromarino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona, 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 080 5442750
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT 59717 , USA
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT 59717 , USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT 59717 , USA
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona, 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 080 5442750
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona, 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 080 5442750
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7
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Tsai YF, Yang SC, Hwang TL. Formyl peptide receptor modulators: a patent review and potential applications for inflammatory diseases (2012-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:1139-1156. [PMID: 27454150 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1216546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The activation of leukocytes and the subsequent immune cascade play an essential role in sterile and infectious inflammation. Dysregulation of these immune responses or excess leukocyte activation can induce tissue damage, organ dysfunction and mortality. Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are functionally diverse pattern recognition receptors responsible for recognizing different endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns or exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns. FPRs mediate leukocyte activation during inflammation. FPR1 antagonists and FPR2 agonists have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects based on in vitro and in vivo studies. An increasing number of synthesized compounds targeting FPRs, especially potential FPR1 antagonists and FPR2 agonists, have been disclosed in patents. Areas covered: This article summarizes the current pharmacology patents related to FPR family modulators and their therapeutic indications based on a review of patent applications disclosed between 2012 and 2015. Expert opinion: In this review, FPR1 modulators comprise β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitors containing an FPR ligand moiety, template-fixed peptidomimetics, cyclosporin H, and dipeptide derivatives. FPR2 modulators include phenylurea, bridged spiro[2.4]heptane ester, naphthalene, aminotriazole, polycyclic pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, imidazolidine-2,4-dione, (2-ureidoacetamido)alkyl, amide, oxazolyl-methylether, oxazole, thiazole, and crystalline potassium salt derivatives. These compounds have potential applications for human conditions such as inflammatory lung diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury, sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, and wound healing. FPRs are emerging as important targets for treating leukocyte-dominant inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fong Tsai
- a Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,b Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,c Department of Anesthesiology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chin Yang
- d Department of Anesthesiology , Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan.,e Division of Natural Products, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- a Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,c Department of Anesthesiology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,e Division of Natural Products, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,f Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Centre , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,g Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Taoyuan , Taiwan
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8
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Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Kirpotina LN, Quinn MT. Antagonism of human formyl peptide receptor 1 with natural compounds and their synthetic derivatives. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 37:43-58. [PMID: 26382576 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) regulates a wide variety of neutrophil functional responses and plays an important role in inflammation and the pathogenesis of various diseases. To date, a variety of natural and synthetic molecules have been identified as FPR1 ligands. Here, we review current knowledge on natural products and natural product-inspired small molecules reported to antagonize and/or inhibit the FPR1-mediated responses. Based on this literature, additional screening of selected commercially available natural compounds for their ability to inhibit fMLF-induced Ca(2+) mobilization in human neutrophils and FPR1 transfected HL-60 cells, and pharmacophore modeling, natural products with potential as FPR1 antagonists are considered and discussed in this review. The identification and characterization of natural products that antagonize FPR1 activity may have potential for the development of novel therapeutics to limit or alter the outcome of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States.
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Dorward DA, Lucas CD, Chapman GB, Haslett C, Dhaliwal K, Rossi AG. The role of formylated peptides and formyl peptide receptor 1 in governing neutrophil function during acute inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1172-84. [PMID: 25791526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation and the subsequent execution of multiple functions are designed to contain and kill invading pathogens. These highly regulated and orchestrated processes are controlled by interactions between numerous receptors and their cognate ligands. Unraveling and identifying those that are central to inflammatory processes may represent novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of neutrophil-dominant inflammatory disorders in which dysregulated neutrophil recruitment, function, and elimination serve to potentiate rather than resolve an initial inflammatory insult. The first G protein-coupled receptor to be described on human neutrophils, formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), is one such receptor that plays a significant role in the execution of these functions through multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Recent work has highlighted important observations with regard to both receptor function and the importance and functional relevance of FPR1 in the pathogenesis of a range of both sterile and infective inflammatory conditions. In this review, we explore the multiple components of neutrophil migration and function in both health and disease, with a focus on the role of FPR1 in these processes. The current understanding of FPR1 structure, function, and signaling is examined, alongside discussion of the potential importance of FPR1 in inflammatory diseases suggesting that FPR1 is a key regulator of the inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Dorward
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin B Chapman
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Haslett
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Giovannoni MP, Kirpotina LN, Cilibrizzi A, Quinn MT. Development of small molecule non-peptide formyl peptide receptor (FPR) ligands and molecular modeling of their recognition. Curr Med Chem 2015; 21:1478-504. [PMID: 24350845 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666131218095521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on a variety of cell types. These receptors play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory reactions and sensing cellular damage. They have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cataract formation, and atherogenesis. Thus, FPR ligands, both agonists and antagonists, may represent novel therapeutics for modulating host defense and innate immunity. A variety of molecules have been identified as receptor subtype-selective and mixed FPR agonists with potential therapeutic value during last decade. This review describes our efforts along with recent advances in the identification, optimization, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of small molecule non-peptide FPR agonists and antagonists, including chiral molecules. Questions regarding the interaction at the molecular level of benzimidazoles, pyrazolones, pyridazin-3(2H)-ones, N-phenylureas and other derivatives with FPR1 and FPR2 are discussed. Application of computational models for virtual screening and design of FPR ligands is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M T Quinn
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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11
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Lacivita E, Schepetkin IA, Stama ML, Kirpotina LN, Colabufo NA, Perrone R, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT, Leopoldo M. Novel 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)ureido]propanamides as selective agonists of human formyl-peptide receptor 2. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:3913-24. [PMID: 25549897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N-Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that play critical roles in inflammatory reactions, and FPR-specific interactions can possibly be used to facilitate the resolution of pathological inflammatory reactions. We here report the synthesis and biological evaluation of six pairs of chiral ureidopropanamido derivatives as potent and selective formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR2) agonists that were designed starting from our lead agonist (S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)ureido]-N-[[1-(5-methoxy-2-pyridinyl)cyclohexyl]methyl]propanamide ((S)-9a). The new compounds were obtained in overall yields considerably higher than (S)-9a. Several of the new compounds showed agonist properties comparable to that of (S)-9a along with higher selectivity over FPR1. Molecular modeling was used to define chiral recognition by FPR2. In vitro metabolic stability of selected compounds was also assessed to obtain preliminary insight on drug-like properties of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Lacivita
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Madia L Stama
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Nicola A Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Perrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Department of Chemistry, Altai State Techical University, Barnaul, Russia; Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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12
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Schepetkin IA, Kirpotina LN, Khlebnikov AI, Cheng N, Ye RD, Quinn MT. Antagonism of human formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) by chromones and related isoflavones. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:627-41. [PMID: 25450672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on a variety of cell types. Because FPRs play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory reactions implicated in disease pathogenesis, FPR antagonists may represent novel therapeutics for modulating innate immunity. Previously, 4H-chromones were reported to be potent and competitive FPR1 antagonists. In the present studies, 96 additional chromone analogs, including related synthetic and natural isoflavones were evaluated for FPR1 antagonist activity. We identified a number of novel competitive FPR1 antagonists that inhibited fMLF-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in FPR1-HL60 cells and effectively competed with WKYMVm-FITC for binding to FPR1 in FPR1-HL60 and FPR1-RBL cells. Compound 10 (6-hexyl-2-methyl-3-(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-yl acetate) was found to be the most potent FPR1-specific antagonist, with binding affinity Ki∼100 nM. These chromones inhibited Ca2+ flux and chemotaxis in human neutrophils with nanomolar-micromolar IC50 values. In addition, the most potent novel FPR1 antagonists inhibited fMLF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in FPR1-RBL cells. These antagonists were specific for FPR1 and did not inhibit WKYMVM/WKYMVm-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in FPR2-HL60 cells, FPR3-HL60 cells, RBL cells transfected with murine Fpr1, or interleukin 8-induced Ca2+ flux in human neutrophils and RBL cells transfected with CXC chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1). Moreover, pharmacophore modeling showed that the active chromones had a significantly higher degree of similarity with the pharmacophore template as compared to inactive analogs. Thus, the chromone/isoflavone scaffold represents a relevant backbone for development of novel FPR1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia; Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ni Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard D Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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13
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Ermert P, Moehle K, Obrecht D. Macrocyclic Inhibitors of GPCR's, Integrins and Protein–Protein Interactions. MACROCYCLES IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782623113-00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes some highlights of macrocyclic drug discovery in the area of GPCRs, integrins, and protein–protein interactions spanning roughly the last 30 years. Several examples demonstrate that incorporation of pharmacophores derived from natural peptide ligands into the context of a constrained macrocycle (“lock of the bioactive conformation”) has proven a powerful approach for the discovery of potent and selective macrocyclic drugs. In addition, it will be shown that macrocycles, due to their semi-rigid nature, can exhibit unique properties that can be beneficially exploited by medicinal chemists. Macrocycles can adapt their conformation during binding to a flexible protein target surface (“induced fit”), and due to their size, can interact with larger protein interfaces (“hot spots”). Also, macrocycles can display favorable ADME properties well beyond the rule of 5 in particular exhibiting favorable cell penetrating properties and oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ermert
- Polyphor Ltd Hegenheimermattweg 125 CH-4123 Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Moehle
- University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Daniel Obrecht
- Polyphor Ltd Hegenheimermattweg 125 CH-4123 Allschwil Switzerland
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14
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Ray S, Mukhopadhyay C. Synthesis of molecular scaffolds assimilating both indolinone and thiazolidinone moieties under environmentally benevolent conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Pinilla C, Edwards BS, Appel JR, Yates-Gibbins T, Giulianotti MA, Medina-Franco JL, Young SM, Santos RG, Sklar LA, Houghten RA. Selective agonists and antagonists of formylpeptide receptors: duplex flow cytometry and mixture-based positional scanning libraries. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:314-24. [PMID: 23788657 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.086595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The formylpeptide receptor (FPR1) and formylpeptide-like 1 receptor (FPR2) are G protein-coupled receptors that are linked to acute inflammatory responses, malignant glioma stem cell metastasis, and chronic inflammation. Although several N-formyl peptides are known to bind to these receptors, more selective small-molecule, high-affinity ligands are needed for a better understanding of the physiologic roles played by these receptors. High-throughput assays using mixture-based combinatorial libraries represent a unique, highly efficient approach for rapid data acquisition and ligand identification. We report the superiority of this approach in the context of the simultaneous screening of a diverse set of mixture-based small-molecule libraries. We used a single cross-reactive peptide ligand for a duplex flow cytometric screen of FPR1 and FPR2 in color-coded cell lines. Screening 37 different mixture-based combinatorial libraries totaling more than five million small molecules (contained in 5,261 mixture samples) resulted in seven libraries that significantly inhibited activity at the receptors. Using positional scanning deconvolution, selective high-affinity (low nM K(i)) individual compounds were identified from two separate libraries, namely, pyrrolidine bis-diketopiperazine and polyphenyl urea. The most active individual compounds were characterized for their functional activities as agonists or antagonists with the most potent FPR1 agonist and FPR2 antagonist identified to date with an EC₅₀ of 131 nM (4 nM K(i)) and an IC₅₀ of 81 nM (1 nM K(i)), respectively, in intracellular Ca²⁺ response determinations. Comparative analyses of other previous screening approaches clearly illustrate the efficiency of identifying receptor selective, individual compounds from mixture-based combinatorial libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemencia Pinilla
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, California, USA
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16
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Room temperature catalyst-free Knoevenagel condensation: facile access to isatinylidenerhodanines. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Cevik-Aras H, Kalderén C, Jenmalm Jensen A, Oprea T, Dahlgren C, Forsman H. A non-peptide receptor inhibitor with selectivity for one of the neutrophil formyl peptide receptors, FPR 1. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1655-62. [PMID: 22410002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The neutrophil formyl peptide receptors (FPR1 and FPR2) are members of the G-protein coupled receptor family. The signals generated by occupied FPRs are both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. Accordingly, these receptors have become a therapeutic target for the development of novel drugs that may be used to reduce injuries in inflammatory diseases including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases. To support the basis for a future pharmacological characterization, we have identified a small molecular non-peptide inhibitor with selectivity for FPR1. We used the FPR1 and FPR2 specific ligands fMLF and WKYMVM, respectively, and an earlier described ratio technique, to determine inhibitory activity combined with selectivity. We show that the compound 3,5-dichloro-N-(2-chloro-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-benzamide (BVT173187) fulfills the criteria for an FPR1 inhibitor selective for FPR1 over FPR2, and it inhibits the same functional repertoire in neutrophils as earlier described peptide antagonists. Accordingly, the new inhibitor reduced neutrophil activation with FPR1 agonists, leading to mobilization of adhesion molecules (CR3) and the generation of superoxide anion from the neutrophil NADPH-oxidase. The effects of a number of structural analogs were determined but these were either without activity or less active/specific than BVT173187. The potency of the new inhibitor for reduction of FPR1 activity was the same as that of the earlier described FPR1 antagonist cyclosporine H, but signaling through the C5aR and CXCR (recognizing IL8) was also affected by BVT173187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Cevik-Aras
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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18
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Morley AD, Cook A, King S, Roberts B, Lever S, Weaver R, Macdonald C, Unitt J, Fagura M, Phillips T, Lewis R, Wenlock M. Discovery of pyrazoles as novel FPR1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6456-60. [PMID: 21955939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrazole inhibitors of the human FPR1 receptor have been identified from high throughput screening. The compounds demonstrate potent inhibition in human neutrophils and attractive physicochemical and in vitro DMPK profiles to be of further interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Morley
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Chemistry, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK.
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