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Zhao T, Zhang J, Tao Y, Liao H, Zhao F, Liang R, Shi X, Zhang Z, Ji J, Wu T, Pang J, Liu X, Zhan P. Discovery of Novel Bicyclic Imidazolopyridine-Containing Human Urate Transporter 1 Inhibitors as Hypouricemic Drug Candidates with Improved Efficacy and Favorable Druggability. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4218-4237. [PMID: 35084182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lesinurad is a uricosuric agent for the treatment of hyperuricemia associated with gout, which was found lacking in efficacy and safety. Here, scaffold hopping and molecular hybridization were exploited to modify all the structural components of lesinurad, and 36 novel compounds bearing bicyclic imidazolopyridine core were obtained. In a mouse model of acute hyperuricemia, 29 compounds demonstrated increased serum uric acid (SUA)-reducing activity; SUA was treated with 12, 23, and 29 about fourfold lower compared with that of lesinurad. Moreover, 23 exhibited stronger URAT1 inhibition activity (IC50 = 1.36 μM) than lesinurad (IC50 = 5.54 μM). Additionally, 23 showed favorable safety profiles, and no obvious acute toxicity was observed in Kunming mice under a single dose of 1000 mg·kg-1. 23 also achieved excellent pharmacokinetic properties with the oral bioavailability of 59.3%. Overall, all the results indicated that 23 is a promising drug candidate in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yucen Tao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, 510515 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fabao Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ruipeng Liang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhijiao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, 510515 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, 510515 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, P. R. China
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Mei H, Han J, Klika KD, Izawa K, Sato T, Meanwell NA, Soloshonok VA. Applications of fluorine-containing amino acids for drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111826. [PMID: 31740056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing amino acids are becoming increasingly prominent in new drugs due to two general trends in the modern pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, the growing acceptance of peptides and modified peptides as drugs; and secondly, fluorine editing has become a prevalent protocol in drug-candidate optimization. Accordingly, fluorine-containing amino acids represent one of the more promising and rapidly developing areas of research in organic, bio-organic and medicinal chemistry. The goal of this Review article is to highlight the current state-of-the-art in this area by profiling 42 selected compounds that combine fluorine and amino acid structural elements. The compounds under discussion represent pharmaceutical drugs currently on the market, or in clinical trials as well as examples of drug-candidates that although withdrawn from development had a significant impact on the progress of medicinal chemistry and/or provided a deeper understanding of the nature and mechanism of biological action. For each compound, we present features of biological activity, a brief history of the design principles and the development of the synthetic approach, focusing on the source of tailor-made amino acid structures and fluorination methods. General aspects of the medicinal chemistry of fluorine-containing amino acids and synthetic methodology are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Mei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan.
| | - Tatsunori Sato
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, United States.
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Plaza Bizkaia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
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Kriegl JM, Martyres D, Grundl MA, Anderskewitz R, Dollinger H, Rast G, Schmid B, Seither P, Tautermann CS. Rodent selectivity of piperidine-4-yl-1H-indoles, a series of CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) antagonists: insights from a receptor model. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:229-35. [PMID: 25497216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rodent selectivity data of piperidine-4-yl-1H-indoles, a series of CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) antagonists, are presented and discussed as part of an overall optimization effort within this lead compound class. Although attachment of an acidic moiety to the 1-position of the indole led to an overall balanced in vitro profile, in particular reducing inhibition of the hERG channel, potency on the rat and mouse receptor worsened. These findings could be rationalized in the context of a CCR3 homology model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Kriegl
- Lead Identification and Optimization Support, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany.
| | - Domnic Martyres
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - Marc A Grundl
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - Ralf Anderskewitz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - Horst Dollinger
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - Georg Rast
- Drug Discovery Support, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Drug Discovery Support, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - Peter Seither
- Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - Christofer S Tautermann
- Lead Identification and Optimization Support, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
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Danker T, Möller C. Early identification of hERG liability in drug discovery programs by automated patch clamp. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:203. [PMID: 25228880 PMCID: PMC4151236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockade of the cardiac ion channel coded by human ether-à-gogo-related gene (hERG) can lead to cardiac arrhythmia, which has become a major concern in drug discovery and development. Automated electrophysiological patch clamp allows assessment of hERG channel effects early in drug development to aid medicinal chemistry programs and has become routine in pharmaceutical companies. However, a number of potential sources of errors in setting up hERG channel assays by automated patch clamp can lead to misinterpretation of data or false effects being reported. This article describes protocols for automated electrophysiology screening of compound effects on the hERG channel current. Protocol details and the translation of criteria known from manual patch clamp experiments to automated patch clamp experiments to achieve good quality data are emphasized. Typical pitfalls and artifacts that may lead to misinterpretation of data are discussed. While this article focuses on hERG channel recordings using the QPatch (Sophion A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) technology, many of the assay and protocol details given in this article can be transferred for setting up different ion channel assays by automated patch clamp and are similar on other planar patch clamp platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clemens Möller
- Life Sciences Faculty, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences Sigmaringen, Germany
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Pease JE, Horuk R. Recent progress in the development of antagonists to the chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR4. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:467-83. [PMID: 24641500 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.897324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR4 have been shown to be important therapeutic targets for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Although only two chemokine receptor inhibitors have been approved so far, there are numerous compounds that are in various stages of development. AREAS COVERED In this review article, the authors provide an update on the progress made in the identification of antagonists against the chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR4 from 2009 to the present. The rationale of writing this review article is to cover the most important approaches to identifying antagonists to these two receptors, which could prove to be useful therapeutics in treating proinflammatory diseases. EXPERT OPINION Pharmaceutical companies have expended a considerable amount of money and effort to identify potent inhibitors of CCR3 and CCR4 for the treatment of asthma and atopic diseases. Although a variety of compounds have been described and several have progressed into the clinic, none have so far made it as approved drugs. There are, however, novel approaches such as mogamulizumab, a monoclonal antibody to CCR4 currently is in clinical trials for cancer and ASM8, an antisense nucleotide to CCR3, which is in Phase II clinical trials for asthma that might still prove to be successful new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Edward Pease
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Leukocyte Biology Section , SW7 2AZ , UK
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Bahl A, Barton P, Bowers K, Caffrey MV, Denton R, Gilmour P, Hawley S, Linannen T, Luckhurst CA, Mochel T, Perry MW, Riley RJ, Roe E, Springthorpe B, Stein L, Webborn P. Scaffold-hopping with zwitterionic CCR3 antagonists: Identification and optimisation of a series with good potency and pharmacokinetics leading to the discovery of AZ12436092. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6694-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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