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Holm R, Lee RW, Glassco J, DiFranco N, Bao Q, Burgess DJ, Lukacova V, Alidori S. Long-Acting Injectable Aqueous Suspensions-Summary From an AAPS Workshop. AAPS J 2023; 25:49. [PMID: 37118621 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Through many years of clinical application of long-acting injectables, there is clear proof that this type of formulation does not just provide the patient with convenience, but more importantly a more effective treatment of the medication provided. The formulation approach therefore contains huge untapped potential to improve the quality of life of many patients with a variety of different diseases. This review provides a summary of some of the central talks provided at the workshop with focus on aqueous suspensions and their use as a long-acting injectable. Elements as formulation, manufacturing, in vitro dissolution methods, in vitro and in vivo correlation, in silico modelling provide an insight into some of the current understandings, learnings, and not least gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Holm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Robert W Lee
- Lubrizol Life Science, Health, CDMO Division, 3894 Courtney St., Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 18017, USA
| | - Joey Glassco
- Lubrizol Life Science, Health: 9911 Brecksville Road, Cleveland, Ohio, 44141, USA
| | - Nicholas DiFranco
- Lubrizol Life Science, Health: 9911 Brecksville Road, Cleveland, Ohio, 44141, USA
| | - Quanying Bao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Diane J Burgess
- School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Viera Lukacova
- Simulations Plus, Inc., 42505 10Th Street, Lancaster, California, 93534, USA
| | - Simone Alidori
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, 19426-2990, USA
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Si A, Landgraf AD, Geden S, Sucheck SJ, Rohde KH. Synthesis and Evaluation of Marine Natural Product-Inspired Meroterpenoids with Selective Activity toward Dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23487-23496. [PMID: 35847331 PMCID: PMC9281309 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a disease caused primarily by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which claims about 1.5 million lives every year. A challenge that impedes the elimination of this pathogen is the ability of Mtb to remain dormant after primary infection, thus creating a reservoir for the disease in the population that reactivates under more ideal conditions. A better understanding of the physiology of dormant Mtb and therapeutics able to kill these phenotypically tolerant bacilli will be critical for completely eradicating Mtb. Our groups are focusing on characterizing the activity of derivatives of the marine natural product (+)-puupehenone (1). Recently, the Rohde group reported that puupehedione (2) and 15-α-methoxypuupehenol (3) exhibit enhanced activity in an in vitro multi-stress dormancy model of Mtb. To optimize the antimycobacterial activity of these terpenoids, novel 15-α-methoxy- and 15-α-acetoxy-puupehenol esters were prepared from (+)-puupehenone (1) accessed through a (+)-sclareolide-derived β-hydroxyl aldehyde. For added diversity, various congeners related to (1) were also prepared from a common borono-sclareolide donor, which resulted in the synthesis of epi-puupehenol and the natural products (+)-chromazonarol and (+)-yahazunol. In total, we generated a library of 24 compounds, of which 14 were found to be active against Mtb, and the most active compounds retained the enhanced activity against dormant Mtb seen in the parent compound. Several of the 15-α-methoxy- and 15-α-acetoxy-puupehenol esters possessed potent activity against actively dividing and dormant Mtb. Intriguingly, the closely related triisobutyl derivative 16 showed similar activity to 1 in actively dividing Mtb but lost about 178-fold activity against dormant Mtb. However, the monopivaloyl compound 13 showed a modest 3- to 4-fold loss in activity in both actively dividing and dormant Mtb relative to the activity of 1 revealing the importance of the free OH at C19 supporting the potential role of quinone methide formation as critical for activity in dormant Mtb. Elucidating important structure-activity relationships and the mechanism of action of this natural product-inspired chemical series may yield insights into vulnerable drug targets in dormant bacilli and new therapeutics to more effectively target dormant Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshupriya Si
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United
States
| | - Alexander D. Landgraf
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United
States
| | - Sandra Geden
- Division
of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences,
College of Medicine, University of Central
Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United
States
| | - Steven J. Sucheck
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United
States
| | - Kyle H. Rohde
- Division
of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences,
College of Medicine, University of Central
Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United
States
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Matthew AN, Leidner F, Lockbaum GJ, Henes M, Zephyr J, Hou S, Desaboini NR, Timm J, Rusere LN, Ragland DA, Paulsen JL, Prachanronarong K, Soumana DI, Nalivaika EA, Yilmaz NK, Ali A, Schiffer CA. Drug Design Strategies to Avoid Resistance in Direct-Acting Antivirals and Beyond. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3238-3270. [PMID: 33410674 PMCID: PMC8126998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is prevalent across many diseases, rendering therapies ineffective with severe financial and health consequences. Rather than accepting resistance after the fact, proactive strategies need to be incorporated into the drug design and development process to minimize the impact of drug resistance. These strategies can be derived from our experience with viral disease targets where multiple generations of drugs had to be developed to combat resistance and avoid antiviral failure. Significant efforts including experimental and computational structural biology, medicinal chemistry, and machine learning have focused on understanding the mechanisms and structural basis of resistance against direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs. Integrated methods show promise for being predictive of resistance and potency. In this review, we give an overview of this research for human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hepatitis C virus, and influenza virus and the lessons learned from resistance mechanisms of DAAs. These lessons translate into rational strategies to avoid resistance in drug design, which can be generalized and applied beyond viral targets. While resistance may not be completely avoidable, rational drug design can and should incorporate strategies at the outset of drug development to decrease the prevalence of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Matthew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Florian Leidner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Gordon J. Lockbaum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Mina Henes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Jacqueto Zephyr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Shurong Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Nages Rao Desaboini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Jennifer Timm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Rutgers University
| | - Linah N. Rusere
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Raybow Pharmaceutical
| | - Debra A. Ragland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Janet L. Paulsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Schrodinger, Inc
| | - Kristina Prachanronarong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Djade I. Soumana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Cytiva
| | - Ellen A. Nalivaika
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Nese Kurt Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Celia A Schiffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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Rusere LN, Lockbaum GJ, Henes M, Lee SK, Spielvogel E, Rao DN, Kosovrasti K, Nalivaika EA, Swanstrom R, Kurt Yilmaz N, Schiffer CA, Ali A. Structural Analysis of Potent Hybrid HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Bis-tetrahydrofuran in a Pseudosymmetric Dipeptide Isostere. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8296-8313. [PMID: 32672965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and X-ray structural analysis of hybrid HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PIs) containing bis-tetrahydrofuran (bis-THF) in a pseudo-C2-symmetric dipeptide isostere are described. A series of PIs were synthesized by incorporating bis-THF of darunavir on either side of the Phe-Phe isostere of lopinavir in combination with hydrophobic amino acids on the opposite P2/P2' position. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that the bis-THF moiety can be attached at either the P2 or P2' position without significantly affecting potency. However, the group on the opposite P2/P2' position had a dramatic effect on potency depending on the size and shape of the side chain. Cocrystal structures of inhibitors with wild-type HIV-1 protease revealed that the bis-THF moiety retained similar interactions as observed in the darunavir-protease complex regardless of the position on the Phe-Phe isostere. Analyses of cocrystal structures and molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into optimizing HIV-1 PIs containing bis-THF in non-sulfonamide dipeptide isosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linah N Rusere
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Gordon J Lockbaum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Mina Henes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Sook-Kyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and the UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ean Spielvogel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and the UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Desaboini Nageswara Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Klajdi Kosovrasti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Ellen A Nalivaika
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Ronald Swanstrom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and the UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nese Kurt Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Celia A Schiffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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Noland WE, Kumar HV, Flick GC, Aspros CL, Yoon JH, Wilt AC, Dehkordi N, Thao S, Schneerer AK, Gao S, Tritch KJ. Hydrated ferric sulfate-catalyzed reactions of indole with aldehydes, ketones, cyclic ketones, and chromanones: Synthesis of bisindoles and trisindoles. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rilpivirine (RPV), a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, is a potent antiretroviral (ARV) effective for HIV treatment at 25 mg daily oral dose. Its physio-chemical and pharmacological properties enable formulation of RPV as a long-acting injectable nanosuspension. This review summarizes these properties supporting the potential of intermittent parenteral administration of rilpivirine long acting (RPV LA) in both treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection. RECENT FINDINGS RPV is unusual among ARVs in that its stability and solubility enable aqueous suspensions with high drug loading, so that injection volumes can be minimized. Such innovative nanosuspensions are well tolerated in animals and humans after intramuscular injection and provide sustained drug concentrations in systemic circulation. The pharmacological findings support further investigations of RPV LA injections every 4 or 8 weeks, both as a single agent for potential preexposure prophylaxis and as two-drug all-injectable maintenance therapy with cabotegravir long acting. SUMMARY By building on expertise with long-acting injectable antipsychotic agents, RPV has been formulated as an agent for infrequent intramuscular dosing, in addition to its conventional oral tablet forms. The advantages of adherence to a regimen of intermittent injections may be significant.
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Giacalone G, Hillaireau H, Fattal E. Improving bioavailability and biodistribution of anti-HIV chemotherapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 75:40-53. [PMID: 25937367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the treatment of HIV/AIDS, many improvements have been achieved since the introduction of the combination therapy (HAART). Nevertheless, no cure for this disease has been so far possible, because of some particular features of the therapies. Among them, two important ones have been selected and will be the subject of this review. The first main concern in the treatments is the poor drug bioavailability, resulting in repeated administrations and therefore a demanding compliance (drug regimens consist of multiple drugs daily intake, and non-adherence to therapy is among the important reasons for treatment failure). A second important challenge is the need to target the drugs into the so-called reservoirs and sanctuaries, i.e. cells or body compartments where drugs cannot penetrate or are distributed in sub-active concentrations. The lack of antiviral action in these regions allows the virus to lie latent and start to replicate at any moment after therapy suspension. Recent drug delivery strategies addressing these two limitations will be presented in this review. In the first part, strategies to improve the bioavailability are proposed in order to overcome the absorption or the target cell barrier, or to extend the efficacy time of drugs. In the second section, the biodistribution issues are considered in order to target the drugs into the reservoirs and the sanctuaries, in particular the mononuclear phagocyte system and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Giacalone
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; CNRS, UMR 8612, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Hervé Hillaireau
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; CNRS, UMR 8612, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Elias Fattal
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; CNRS, UMR 8612, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Saito N, Sun Z, Sato Y. Nickel-promoted highly regioselective carboxylation of aryl ynol ether and its application to the synthesis of chiral β-aryloxypropionic acid derivatives. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1170-6. [PMID: 25677637 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nickel(0)-promoted carboxylation of aryl ynol ether proceeded in a highly regioselective manner to produce α-substituted-β-aryloxyacrylic acid derivatives. The α-substituted-β-aryloxyacrylic acids were transformed into the corresponding β-aryloxypropionic acid derivative as an optically active form via rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Saito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 (Japan).
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Weakley AT, Aston DE, Griffiths PR. Automatic baseline correction of vibrational circular dichroism spectra. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 67:1117-1126. [PMID: 24191375 DOI: 10.1366/13-07078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A three-phase, computational method for the baseline correction of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra has been proposed. In the first phase the raw spectrum is subdivided into m segments (or regions) resulting in p rough estimates of the baseline. A second phase uses gradient characteristics to discriminate between baseline and band response for each baseline, in turn. In the final phase all baselines are interrogated simultaneously by assigning the median estimate of each differential response’s distribution to the true baseline. Using VCD spectra of (R)-camphor as test cases, this work demonstrated that the accurate removal of baseline components is readily achievable with minimal user intervention. Baseline correction also demonstrated flexibility in that prior information, such as the symmetry of a baselinefree VCD spectrum, is readily used during the correction protocol. Although three adjustable parameters are present in the base algorithm, optimal performance and full automation were attainable following the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze simulated bipolar spectra. These ANOVAs suggested that band point discrimination could be discarded and the remaining two default parameters adopted.
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Houpis IN, Liu R, Liu L, Wang Y, Dong N, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Xiao T, Wang Y, Depre D, Nettekoven U, Vogel M, Wilson R, Collier S. Synthesis of a Long Acting HIV Protease InhibitorviaMetal or Enzymatic Reduction of the Appropriate Chloro Ketone and Selective Zinc Enolate Condensation with an Amino Epoxide. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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