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Sidduri A, Dresel MJ, Knapp S. Incorporation of an Isohexide Subunit Improves the Drug-like Properties of Bioactive Compounds. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:176-182. [PMID: 36793427 PMCID: PMC9923839 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An enhanced ability to pre-engineer favorable drug-likeness qualities into bioactive molecules would focus and streamline the drug development process. We find that phenols, carboxylic acids, and a purine react with isosorbide ("GRAS" designated) under Mitsunobu coupling conditions to deliver the isoidide conjugates selectively and efficiently. Such conjugates show improved solubility and permeability properties compared with the bare scaffold compounds themselves, and the purine adduct may have applications as a 2'-deoxyadenosine isostere. We anticipate additional benefits, implied by their structures, in metabolic stability and reduced toxicity of the isoidide conjugates as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achyutharao Sidduri
- Department
of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers
The State University of New Jersey, 321 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Aunova
Medchem LLC, West Orange, New Jersey 07052, United States
| | - Mark J. Dresel
- Department
of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers
The State University of New Jersey, 321 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Spencer Knapp
- Department
of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers
The State University of New Jersey, 321 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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2
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Augustyn E, Finke K, Zur AA, Hansen L, Heeren N, Chien HC, Lin L, Giacomini KM, Colas C, Schlessinger A, Thomas AA. LAT-1 activity of meta-substituted phenylalanine and tyrosine analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2616-2621. [PMID: 27106710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transporter protein Large-neutral Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT-1, SLC7A5) is responsible for transporting amino acids such as tyrosine and phenylalanine as well as thyroid hormones, and it has been exploited as a drug delivery mechanism. Recently its role in cancer has become increasingly appreciated, as it has been found to be up-regulated in many different tumor types, and its expression levels have been correlated with prognosis. Substitution at the meta position of aromatic amino acids has been reported to increase affinity for LAT-1; however, the SAR for this position has not previously been explored. Guided by newly refined computational models of the binding site, we hypothesized that groups capable of filling a hydrophobic pocket would increase binding to LAT-1, resulting in improved substrates relative to parent amino acid. Tyrosine and phenylalanine analogs substituted at the meta position with halogens, alkyl and aryl groups were synthesized and tested in cis-inhibition and trans-stimulation cell assays to determine activity. Contrary to our initial hypothesis we found that lipophilicity was correlated with diminished substrate activity and increased inhibition of the transporter. The synthesis and SAR of meta-substituted phenylalanine and tyrosine analogs is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Augustyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849
| | - Karissa Finke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849
| | - Arik A Zur
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Logan Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849
| | - Nathan Heeren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849
| | - Huan-Chieh Chien
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Lawrence Lin
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Claire Colas
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Allen A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849
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4
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Tilley JW, Sidduri A, Lou J, Kaplan G, Tare N, Cavallo G, Frank K, Pamidimukkala A, Choi DS, Gerber L, Railkar A, Renzetti L. Identification of N-acyl 4-(3-pyridonyl)phenylalanine derivatives and their orally active prodrug esters as dual acting α4β1 and α4β7 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:1036-40. [PMID: 23312471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
From a series of N-acyl 4-(3-pyridonyl)phenylalanine derivatives of 4, the trifluoromethyl derivative 28 was identified as a potent, dual acting alpha4 integrin antagonist with activity in primate models of allergic asthma. Investigation of a series of prodrug esters led to the discovery of the morpholinopropyl derivative 48 that demonstrated good intestinal fluid stability, solubility and permeability. Compound 48 gave high blood levels of 28 when dosed orally in cynomolgus monkeys. Surprisingly, hydrolysis of 48 was rapid in liver microsomes from the pharmacological species, mouse, rat and monkey, but slow in dog and human; in vivo studies also indicated there was prolonged exposure to unchanged prodrug in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson W Tilley
- Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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5
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Muro F, Iimura S, Sugimoto Y, Yoneda Y, Chiba J, Watanabe T, Setoguchi M, Iigou Y, Matsumoto K, Satoh A, Takayama G, Taira T, Yokoyama M, Takashi T, Nakayama A, Machinaga N. Discovery of trans-4-[1-[[2,5-Dichloro-4-(1-methyl-3-indolylcarboxamido)phenyl]acetyl]-(4S)-methoxy-(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid: an orally active, selective very late antigen-4 antagonist. J Med Chem 2010; 52:7974-92. [PMID: 19891440 DOI: 10.1021/jm901154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have focused on optimization of the inadequate pharmacokinetic profile of trans-4-substituted cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 5, which is commonly observed in many small molecule very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) antagonists. We modified the lipophilic moiety in 5 and found that reducing the polar surface area of this moiety results in improvement of the PK profile. Consequently, our efforts have led to the discovery of trans-4-[1-[[2,5-dichloro-4-(1-methyl-3-indolylcarboxamido)phenyl]acetyl]-(4S)-methoxy-(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (14e) with potent activity (IC(50) = 5.4 nM) and significantly improved bioavailability in rats, dogs, and monkeys (100%, 91%, 68%), which demonstrated excellent oral efficacy in murine and guinea pig models of asthma. Based on its overall profile, compound 14e was progressed into clinical trails. In a single ascending-dose phase I clinical study, compound 14e exhibited favorable oral exposure as expected and had no serious adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihito Muro
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
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6
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Lin LS, Lanza T, Jewell JP, Liu P, Jones C, Kieczykowski GR, Treonze K, Si Q, Manior S, Koo G, Tong X, Wang J, Schuelke A, Pivnichny J, Wang R, Raab C, Vincent S, Davies P, MacCoss M, Mumford RA, Hagmann WK. Discovery of N-{N-[(3-Cyanophenyl)sulfonyl]-4(R)-cyclobutylamino-(l)-prolyl}-4-[(3′,5′-dichloroisonicotinoyl)amino]-(l)-phenylalanine (MK-0668), an Extremely Potent and Orally Active Antagonist of Very Late Antigen-4. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3449-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900257b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linus S. Lin
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Thomas Lanza
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - James P. Jewell
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Ping Liu
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Carrie Jones
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Gerard R. Kieczykowski
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Kelly Treonze
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Qian Si
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Salony Manior
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Gloria Koo
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Xinchun Tong
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Junying Wang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Anne Schuelke
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - James Pivnichny
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Regina Wang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Conrad Raab
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Stella Vincent
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Philip Davies
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Malcolm MacCoss
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Richard A. Mumford
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - William K. Hagmann
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology and Rheumatology, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
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