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de Oliveira PIC, de Santana Miranda PH, Lourenço EMG, de Santana Nogueira Silverio PS, Barbosa EG. Planning new Trypanosoma cruzi CYP51 inhibitors using QSAR studies. Mol Divers 2021; 25:2219-2235. [PMID: 32557280 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease kills over 10,000 people per year, and approximately 8 million people are infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. The reference drug for treatment of the disease, benznidazole, is the same since the 70s. In recent years, many CYP51 inhibitors were tested against this parasite's target. One of them, posaconazole, was even tested in clinical trials that unfortunately were not successful. Nevertheless, there are still many evidences that CYP51 is a great potential target to treat T. cruzi infection. The research for new effective molecules that can cure the chronic phase of the disease is essential. 2D and 3D-quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) studies were conducted in this work to create three QSAR models using the chemical structures of 197 published compounds that already went through either in vivo or in vitro tests. After the analysis of the models, new analogues not yet synthesized were suggested here and had their biological activity and synthetic availability assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Igor Camara de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioinformática, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Rua Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, S/N - Petrópolis, Natal, RN, 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique de Santana Miranda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Rua Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, S/N - Petrópolis, Natal, RN, 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Estela Mariana Guimaraes Lourenço
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Rua Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, S/N - Petrópolis, Natal, RN, 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Suene de Santana Nogueira Silverio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Rua Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, S/N - Petrópolis, Natal, RN, 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Euzebio Guimaraes Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioinformática, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Rua Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, S/N - Petrópolis, Natal, RN, 59012-570, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Rua Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, S/N - Petrópolis, Natal, RN, 59012-570, Brazil.
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The role of imidazole and benzimidazole heterocycles in Chagas disease: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112692. [PMID: 32818869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The haemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is the causative agent of Chagas disease (CD), a potentially life-threatening disease. Little by little, remarkable progress has been achieved against CD, although it is still not enough. In the absence of effective chemotherapy, many research groups, organizations and pharmaceutical companies have focused their efforts on the search for compounds that could become viable drugs against CD. Within the wide variety of reported derivatives, this review summarizes and provides a global vision of the situation of those compounds that include broadly studied heterocycles in their structures due to their applications in medicinal chemistry: imidazole and benzimidazole rings. Therefore, the intention of this work is to present a compilation, as much as possible, of all the reported information, regarding these imidazole and benzimidazole derivatives against T. cruzi, as a starting point for future researchers in this field.
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Chen YH, Qi LW, Fang F, Tan B. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Arylation of 2-Naphthylamines as a Practical Approach to Axially Chiral Biaryl Amino Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16308-16312. [PMID: 29105896 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first phosphoric acid catalyzed direct arylation of 2-naphthylamines with iminoquinones for the atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral biaryl amino alcohols has been developed. This reaction constitutes a highly functional-group-tolerant route for the rapid construction of enantioenriched axially chiral biaryl amino alcohols, and is a rare example of 2-naphthylamines acting as nucleophiles in an organocatalytic enantioselective transformation. Furthermore, the products, which feature various halogen atoms, provide access to structurally diverse axially chiral amino alcohols through further transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Wen Qi
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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Chen YH, Qi LW, Fang F, Tan B. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Arylation of 2-Naphthylamines as a Practical Approach to Axially Chiral Biaryl Amino Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Liang-Wen Qi
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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da Silva AM, Araújo-Silva L, Bombaça ACS, Menna-Barreto RFS, Rodrigues-Santos CE, Buarque Ferreira AB, de Castro SL. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-alkyl naphthoimidazoles derived from β-lapachone against Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream trypomastigotes. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:952-959. [PMID: 30108809 PMCID: PMC6071937 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The QSAR study of 34 2-aryl-naphthoimidazoles screened so far revealed that σi is the most important factor for their lytic activity on the bloodstream trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Based on this result, 16 new N-alkyl-naphthoimidazoles derived from 6,6-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[7,8]chromene[5,6-d]imidazole (the product of the reaction of β-lapachone with paraformaldehyde) by its reaction with halo-alkanes were prepared and evaluated against the parasite and peritoneal macrophages. The N1-n-hexyl and N3-n-hexyl naphthoimidazoles were 2.2 and 3.2 times more active than the standard drug benznidazole with selectivity indices of 2.7 and 13.4, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Miranda da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química , UFRRJ , 23890-000 , Seropédica , RJ , Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais , UFRJ , 21944-970 , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina S Bombaça
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular , Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , FIOCRUZ , 21045-900 , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil . ; Tel: +55 21 25621391
| | - Rubem F S Menna-Barreto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular , Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , FIOCRUZ , 21045-900 , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil . ; Tel: +55 21 25621391
| | | | | | - Solange L de Castro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular , Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , FIOCRUZ , 21045-900 , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil . ; Tel: +55 21 25621391
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Rodriguez JB, Falcone BN, Szajnman SH. Detection and treatment ofTrypanosoma cruzi: a patent review (2011-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:993-1015. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1209487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Antitrypanosomal Treatment with Benznidazole Is Superior to Posaconazole Regimens in Mouse Models of Chagas Disease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:6385-94. [PMID: 26239982 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00689-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two CYP51 inhibitors, posaconazole and the ravuconazole prodrug E1224, were recently tested in clinical trials for efficacy in indeterminate Chagas disease. The results from these studies show that both drugs cleared parasites from the blood of infected patients at the end of the treatment but that parasitemia rebounded over the following months. In the current study, we sought to identify a dosing regimen of posaconazole that could permanently clear Trypanosoma cruzi from mice with experimental Chagas disease. Infected mice were treated with posaconazole or benznidazole, an established Chagas disease drug, and parasitological cure was defined as an absence of parasitemia recrudescence after immunosuppression. Twenty-day therapy with benznidazole (10 to 100 mg/kg of body weight/day) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in antiparasitic activity, and the 100-mg/kg regimen effected parasitological cure in all treated mice. In contrast, all mice remained infected after a 25-day treatment with posaconazole at all tested doses (10 to 100 mg/kg/day). Further extension of posaconazole therapy to 40 days resulted in only a marginal improvement of treatment outcome. We also observed similar differences in antiparasitic activity between benznidazole and posaconazole in acute T. cruzi heart infections. While benznidazole induced rapid, dose-dependent reductions in heart parasite burdens, the antiparasitic activity of posaconazole plateaued at low doses (3 to 10 mg/kg/day) despite increasing drug exposure in plasma. These observations are in good agreement with the outcomes of recent phase 2 trials with posaconazole and suggest that the efficacy models combined with the pharmacokinetic analysis employed here will be useful in predicting clinical outcomes of new drug candidates.
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Choi JY, Podust LM, Roush WR. Drug strategies targeting CYP51 in neglected tropical diseases. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11242-71. [PMID: 25337991 PMCID: PMC4254036 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yong Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Larissa M. Podust
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, and Department of
Pathology, University of California—San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - William R. Roush
- Department
of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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Xu W, Hsu FF, Baykal E, Huang J, Zhang K. Sterol biosynthesis is required for heat resistance but not extracellular survival in leishmania. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004427. [PMID: 25340392 PMCID: PMC4207814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol biosynthesis is a crucial pathway in eukaryotes leading to the production of cholesterol in animals and various C24-alkyl sterols (ergostane-based sterols) in fungi, plants, and trypanosomatid protozoa. Sterols are important membrane components and precursors for the synthesis of powerful bioactive molecules, including steroid hormones in mammals. Their functions in pathogenic protozoa are not well characterized, which limits the development of sterol synthesis inhibitors as drugs. Here we investigated the role of sterol C14α-demethylase (C14DM) in Leishmania parasites. C14DM is a cytochrome P450 enzyme and the primary target of azole drugs. In Leishmania, genetic or chemical inactivation of C14DM led to a complete loss of ergostane-based sterols and accumulation of 14-methylated sterols. Despite the drastic change in lipid composition, C14DM-null mutants (c14dm(-)) were surprisingly viable and replicative in culture. They did exhibit remarkable defects including increased membrane fluidity, failure to maintain detergent resistant membrane fraction, and hypersensitivity to heat stress. These c14dm(-) mutants showed severely reduced virulence in mice but were highly resistant to itraconazole and amphotericin B, two drugs targeting sterol synthesis. Our findings suggest that the accumulation of toxic sterol intermediates in c14dm(-) causes strong membrane perturbation and significant vulnerability to stress. The new knowledge may help improve the efficacy of current drugs against pathogenic protozoa by exploiting the fitness loss associated with drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Eda Baykal
- Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Juyang Huang
- Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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