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Zhang J, Chen B, Zhang C, Sun N, Huang X, Wang W, Fu W. Modes of action insights from the crystallographic structures of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt). Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115039. [PMID: 36566711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RORγt plays an important role in mediating IL-17 production and some tumor cells. It has four functional domains, of which the ligand-binding domain (LBD) is responsible for binding agonists to recruit co-activators or inverse agonists to prevent co-activator recruiting the agonists. Thus, potent ligands targeting the LBD of this protein could provide novel treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases. In this perspective, we summarized and discussed various modes of action (MOA) of RORγt-ligand binding structures. The ligands can bind with RORγt at either orthosteric site or the allosteric site, and the binding modes at these two sites are different for agonists and inverse agonist. At the orthosteric site, the binding of agonist is to stabilize the H479-Y502-F506 triplet interaction network of RORγt. The binding of inverse agonist features as these four apparent ways: (1) blocking the entrance of the agonist pocket in RORγt; (2) directly breaking the H479-Y502 pair interactions; (3) destabilizing the triplet H479-Y502-F506 interaction network through perturbing the conformation of the side chain in M358 at the bottom of the binding pocket; (4) and destabilizing the triplet H479-Y502-F506 through changing the conformation of the side chain of residue W317 side chain. At the allosteric site of RORγt, the binding of inverse agonist was found recently to inhibit the activation of protein by interacting directly with H12, which results in unfolding of helix 11' and orientation of H12 to directly block cofactor peptide binding. This overview of recent advances in the RORγt structures is expected to provide a guidance of designing more potent drugs to treat RORγt-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Baiyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Nannan Sun
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Center for Research Computing, Office of Information Technology, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wuqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Wei Fu
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China.
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2
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Pham B, Cheng Z, Lopez D, Lindsay RJ, Foutch D, Majors RT, Shen T. Statistical Analysis of Protein-Ligand Interaction Patterns in Nuclear Receptor RORγ. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:904445. [PMID: 35782874 PMCID: PMC9240913 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.904445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor RORγ belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily that senses small signaling molecules and regulates at the gene transcription level. Since RORγ has a high basal activity and plays an important role in immune responses, inhibitors targeting this receptor have been a focus for many studies. The receptor-ligand interaction is complex, and often subtle differences in ligand structure can determine its role as an inverse agonist or an agonist. We examined more than 130 existing RORγ crystal structures that have the same receptor complexed with different ligands. We reported the features of receptor-ligand interaction patterns and the differences between agonist and inverse agonist binding. Specific changes in the contact interaction map are identified to distinguish active and inactive conformations. Further statistical analysis of the contact interaction patterns using principal component analysis reveals a dominant mode which separates allosteric binding vs. canonical binding and a second mode which may indicate active vs. inactive structures. We also studied the nature of constitutive activity by performing a 100-ns computer simulation of apo RORγ. Using constitutively active nuclear receptor CAR as a comparison, we identified a group of conserved contacts that have similar contact strength between the two receptors. These conserved contact interactions, especially a couple key contacts in H11–H12 interaction, can be considered essential to the constitutive activity of RORγ. These protein-ligand and internal protein contact interactions can be useful in the development of new drugs that direct receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Ziju Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Daniel Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Richard J. Lindsay
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - David Foutch
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Rily T. Majors
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Tongye Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Tongye Shen,
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3
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Francisco KR, Ballatore C. Thietanes and derivatives thereof in medicinal chemistry. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1219-1234. [PMID: 35546768 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220511154228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Unlike the oxetane ring, which, as evidenced by numerous studies, is known to play an increasingly important role in medicinal chemistry, the thietane ring has thus far received comparatively limited attention. Nonetheless, a growing number of reports now indicate that this 4-membered ring heterocycle may provide opportunities in analog design. In the present review article, we discuss the possible use and utility of the thietane fragment in medicinal chemistry and provide an overview of its properties and recent applications with a focus on isosteric replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol R Francisco
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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4
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Suri C, Awasthi A, Asthana S. Crystallographic landscape provides molecular insights into the modes of action of diverse ROR-γt modulators. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:652-663. [PMID: 34838728 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ROR-γt, the master regulator of Th-17 cells, is activated by the binding of small molecules at its orthosteric site, followed by the recruitment of co-activators or co-repressors in the ligand binding domain (LBD). Th-17 cells provide immune-dependent protection against cancers and pathogens. Their dysregulation causes inflammation and is therefore implicated in various autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. Consequently, there is enormous interest in the development of ROR-γt modulators, both agonist and inverse-agonists. Here, we review advances in the development of ROR-γt modulators that have been made over the past decade, focusing on the rich crystallography landscape for ROR-γt co-crystals that has delineated the relationship between the binding patterns of modulators and the resulting biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Suri
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Haryana 121001, India.
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5
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Li Z, Liu T, He X, Bai C. The evolution paths of some reprehensive scaffolds of RORγt modulators, a perspective from medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 228:113962. [PMID: 34776280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ligand binding domain (LBD) of retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) has been exploited as a promising target for the new small molecule therapeutics to cure autoimmune diseases via modulating the IL-17 and IL-22 production by Th17 cells. Diverse chemical scaffolds of these small molecules have been discovered by multiple groups with methods such as high throughput screening (HTS) and virtual screening. These different scaffolds are further developed by medicinal chemists to afford lead compounds the best of which enter clinical trials. In this review, we summarize these chemical scaffolds and their evolution paths according to the groups in which they have been discovered or studied. We combine the data of the chemistry, biological assays and structural biology of each chemical scaffold, in order to afford insight to develop new RORγt modulators with higher potency, less toxicity and elucidated working mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohao Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xixin He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuan Bai
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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6
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Gege C. Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) inverse agonists/antagonists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases - where are we presently? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1517-1535. [PMID: 34192992 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1948833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) has been identified as the master regulator of TH17 cell differentiation and IL-17/22 production and is therefore an attractive target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Several orally or topically administered small molecule RORγt inverse agonists (RIAs) have progressed up to the end of clinical Phase 2.Areas covered: Based on publications and patent evaluations this review summarizes the evolution of the chemical matter for all 16 pharmaceutical companies, who develop(ed) a clinical-stage RIAs (until March 2021). Structure proposals for some clinical stage RIAs are presented and the outcome of the clinical trials is discussed.Expert opinion: So far, the clinical trials have been plagued with a high attrition rate. Main reasons were lack of efficacy (topical) or safety signals (oral) as well as, amongst other things, thymic lymphomas as seen with BMS-986251 in a preclinical study and liver enzyme elevations in humans with VTP-43742. Possibilities to mitigate these risks could be the use of RIAs with different chemical structures not interfering with thymocytes maturation and no livertox-inducing properties. With new frontrunners (e.g., ABBV-157 (cedirogant), BI 730357 or IMU-935) this is still an exciting time for this treatment approach.
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7
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Xue X, De Leon-Tabaldo A, Luna-Roman R, Castro G, Albers M, Schoetens F, DePrimo S, Devineni D, Wilde T, Goldberg S, Hoffmann T, Fourie AM, Thurmond RL. Preclinical and clinical characterization of the RORγt inhibitor JNJ-61803534. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11066. [PMID: 34040108 PMCID: PMC8155022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) plays a critical role in driving Th17 cell differentiation and expansion, as well as IL-17 production in innate and adaptive immune cells. The IL-23/IL-17 axis is implicated in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and biologics targeting IL-23 and IL-17 have shown significant clinical efficacy in treating psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. JNJ-61803534 is a potent RORγt inverse agonist, selectively inhibiting RORγt-driven transcription versus closely-related family members, RORα and RORβ. JNJ-61803534 inhibited IL-17A production in human CD4+ T cells under Th17 differentiation conditions, but did not inhibit IFNγ production under Th1 differentiation conditions, and had no impact on in vitro differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), nor on the suppressive activity of natural Tregs. In the mouse collagen-induced arthritis model, JNJ-61803534 dose-dependently attenuated inflammation, achieving ~ 90% maximum inhibition of clinical score. JNJ-61803534 significantly inhibited disease score in the imiquimod-induced mouse skin inflammation model, and dose-dependently inhibited the expression of RORγt-regulated genes, including IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 and IL-23R. Preclinical 1-month toxicity studies in rats and dogs identified doses that were well tolerated supporting progression into first-in-human studies. An oral formulation of JNJ-61803534 was studied in a phase 1 randomized double-blind study in healthy human volunteers to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. The compound was well tolerated in single ascending doses (SAD) up to 200 mg, and exhibited dose-dependent increases in exposure upon oral dosing, with a plasma half-life of 164 to 170 h. In addition, dose-dependent inhibition of ex vivo stimulated IL-17A production in whole blood was observed, demonstrating in vivo target engagement. In conclusion, JNJ-61803534 is a potent and selective RORγt inhibitor that exhibited acceptable preclinical safety and efficacy, as well as an acceptable safety profile in a healthy volunteer SAD study, with clear evidence of a pharmacodynamic effect in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xue
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Glenda Castro
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Michael Albers
- Department of Research, Phenex Pharmaceuticals AG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Wilde
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Department of Research, Phenex Pharmaceuticals AG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne M Fourie
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, CA, USA
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8
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Hall A, Chanteux H, Ménochet K, Ledecq M, Schulze MSED. Designing Out PXR Activity on Drug Discovery Projects: A Review of Structure-Based Methods, Empirical and Computational Approaches. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6413-6522. [PMID: 34003642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This perspective discusses the role of pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR) in drug discovery and the impact of its activation on CYP3A4 induction. The use of structural biology to reduce PXR activity on drug discovery projects has become more common in recent years. Analysis of this work highlights several important molecular interactions, and the resultant structural modifications to reduce PXR activity are summarized. The computational approaches undertaken to support the design of new drugs devoid of PXR activation potential are also discussed. Finally, the SAR of empirical design strategies to reduce PXR activity is reviewed, and the key SAR transformations are discussed and summarized. In conclusion, this perspective demonstrates that PXR activity can be greatly diminished or negated on active drug discovery projects with the knowledge now available. This perspective should be useful to anyone who seeks to reduce PXR activity on a drug discovery project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hall
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine-L'Alleud 1420, Belgium
| | | | | | - Marie Ledecq
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine-L'Alleud 1420, Belgium
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9
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Nakajima R, Oono H, Kumazawa K, Ida T, Hirata J, White RD, Min X, Guzman-Perez A, Wang Z, Symons A, Singh SK, Mothe SR, Belyakov S, Chakrabarti A, Shuto S. Discovery of 6-Oxo-4-phenyl-hexanoic acid derivatives as RORγt inverse agonists showing favorable ADME profile. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 36:127786. [PMID: 33493627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t (RORγt), which is a promising therapeutic target for immune diseases, is a major transcription factor of genes related to psoriasis pathogenesis, such as interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, and IL-23R. Inspired by the co-crystal structure of RORγt, a 6-oxo-4-phenyl-hexanoic acid derivative 6a was designed, synthesized, and identified as a ligand of RORγt. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies in 6a, which focus on the improvement of its membrane permeability profile by introducing chlorine atoms, led to finding 12a, which has a potent RORγt inhibitory activity and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nakajima
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Oono
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Keiko Kumazawa
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Tomohide Ida
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Jun Hirata
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Ryan D White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Xiaoshan Min
- Departments of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Angel Guzman-Perez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Zhulun Wang
- Departments of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Antony Symons
- Departments of Inflammation & Oncology Research Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science Park III, Singapore 117525, Singapore
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Mothe
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science Park III, Singapore 117525, Singapore
| | - Sergei Belyakov
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science Park III, Singapore 117525, Singapore
| | - Anjan Chakrabarti
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science Park III, Singapore 117525, Singapore
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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10
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Feskov IO, Golub BO, Vashchenko BV, Levterov VV, Kondratov IS, Grygorenko OO, Haufe G. GABA Analogues and Related Mono-/Bifunctional Building Blocks Derived from the Fluorocyclobutane Scaffold. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Illia O. Feskov
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry; NAS of Ukraine; Murmanska Street 1 02660 Kyiv Ukraine
| | | | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | | | - Ivan S. Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Waldeyerstraße 15 48149 Münster Germany
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11
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Discovery and optimization of new oxadiazole substituted thiazole RORγt inverse agonists through a bioisosteric amide replacement approach. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Gege C, Albers M, Kinzel O, Kleymann G, Schlüter T, Steeneck C, Hoffmann T, Xue X, Cummings MD, Spurlino J, Milligan C, Fourie AM, Edwards JP, Leonard K, Coe K, Scott B, Pippel D, Goldberg SD. Optimization and biological evaluation of thiazole-bis-amide inverse agonists of RORγt. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Nakajima R, Oono H, Sugiyama S, Matsueda Y, Ida T, Kakuda S, Hirata J, Baba A, Makino A, Matsuyama R, White RD, Wurz RΡ, Shin Y, Min X, Guzman-Perez A, Wang Z, Symons A, Singh SK, Mothe SR, Belyakov S, Chakrabarti A, Shuto S. Discovery of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5- a]pyridine Derivatives as Potent and Orally Bioavailable RORγt Inverse Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:528-534. [PMID: 32292560 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt), a promising therapeutic target, is a major transcription factor of genes related to psoriasis pathogenesis such as interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, and IL-23R. On the basis of the X-ray cocrystal structure of RORγt with 1a, an analogue of the known piperazine RORγt inverse agonist 1, triazolopyridine derivatives of 1 were designed and synthesized, and analogue 3a was found to be a potent RORγt inverse agonist. Structure-activity relationship studies on 3a, focusing on the treatment of its metabolically unstable cyclopentyl ring and the central piperazine core, led to a novel analogue, namely, 6-methyl-N-(7-methyl-8-(((2S,4S)-2-methyl-1-(4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoyl)piperidin-4-yl)oxy)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl)nicotinamide (5a), which exhibited strong RORγt inhibitory activity and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 5a in a human whole-blood assay and a mouse IL-18/23-induced cytokine expression model revealed its robust and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on IL-17A production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nakajima
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oono
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Sakae Sugiyama
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Yohei Matsueda
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Tomohide Ida
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Shinji Kakuda
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Jun Hirata
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Atsushi Baba
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Akito Makino
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsuyama
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Ryan D. White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ryan Ρ. Wurz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
| | - Youngsook Shin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
| | | | - Angel Guzman-Perez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | | | - Sanjay K. Singh
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science
Park III, Singapore 117525
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Mothe
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science
Park III, Singapore 117525
| | - Sergei Belyakov
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science
Park III, Singapore 117525
| | - Anjan Chakrabarti
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science
Park III, Singapore 117525
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14
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Wang K, Zhu H, Zhao H, Zhang K, Tian Y. Application of carbamyl in structural optimization. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103757. [PMID: 32217370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbamyl is considered a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry. It has a wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-epilepsy, for which the best evidence is a number of marketed carbamyl-containing drugs. Carbamyl is formed of primary amine and carbonyl moieties that act as hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen acceptors with residues of targets respectively, which are benefit for improving pharmacological activities. In other cases, the introduced carbamyl improves drug-like properties including oral bioavailability. In this review, we introduce the carbamyl-containing drugs and the application of carbamyl in structural optimization as a result of enhancing activities or/and drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanglei Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hongxi Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hongqian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yongshou Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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15
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Sato A, Fukase Y, Kono M, Ochida A, Oda T, Sasaki Y, Ishii N, Tomata Y, Fukumoto S, Imai YN, Uga K, Shibata A, Yamasaki M, Nakagawa H, Shirasaki M, Skene R, Hoffman I, Sang B, Snell G, Shirai J, Yamamoto S. Design and Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained RORγt Inverse Agonists. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1917-1932. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Sato
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukase
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, Inc. 413 East 69th Street New York NY 10021 USA
| | - Mitsunori Kono
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Atsuko Ochida
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Tsuneo Oda
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Naoki Ishii
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Yoshihide Tomata
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Shoji Fukumoto
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Japan Tobacco Inc.Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute 1-1 Murasaki-cho Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125 Japan
| | - Yumi N. Imai
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Chordia Therapeutics Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Keiko Uga
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Akira Shibata
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Masashi Yamasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakagawa
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Mikio Shirasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Robert Skene
- Takeda California, Inc.10410 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Isaac Hoffman
- Takeda California, Inc.10410 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Bi‐Ching Sang
- Takeda California, Inc.10410 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Gyorgy Snell
- Takeda California, Inc.10410 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Junya Shirai
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Cardurion Pharmaceuticals K.K. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
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16
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Chen W, Zhao S, Zhu W, Wu L, Chen X. Retinoids as an Immunity-modulator in Dermatology Disorders. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2019; 67:355-365. [PMID: 31552446 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-019-00562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest epithelial surface protecting the body from invading microbes. Vitamin A plays vital roles in the host defence of the skin, including promoting epithelial cell integrity, proliferation, and differentiation and even mediating immune responses. Furthermore, vitamin A derivatives, retinoid drugs, are widely used to treat skin diseases, such as acne and psoriasis. However, the immunoregulatory mechanisms of retinoids in dermatology have not been systematically described. In this paper, we discuss the immunological functions of retinoids during disease treatment, especially in skin disorders caused by exogenous infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqing Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wu Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lisha Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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17
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Jetten AM, Cook DN. (Inverse) Agonists of Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor γ: Regulation of Immune Responses, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 60:371-390. [PMID: 31386594 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates multiple proinflammatory genes and plays a critical role in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Various endogenous and synthetic RORγ (inverse) agonists have been identified that regulate RORγ transcriptional activity, including many cholesterol intermediates and oxysterols. Changes in cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism can therefore have a significant impact on the generation of oxysterol RORγ ligands and, consequently, can control RORγt activity and inflammation. These observations contribute to a growing literature that connects cholesterol metabolism to the regulation of immune responses and autoimmune disease. Loss of RORγ function in knockout mice and in mice treated with RORγ inverse agonists results in reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17A/F, and increased resistance to autoimmune disease in several experimental rodent models. Thus, RORγt inverse agonists might provide an attractive therapeutic approach to treat a variety of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA;
| | - Donald N Cook
- Immunogenetics Section, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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18
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Pandya VB, Kumar S, Sachchidanand, Sharma R, Desai RC. Combating Autoimmune Diseases With Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor-γ (RORγ or RORc) Inhibitors: Hits and Misses. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10976-10995. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vrajesh B. Pandya
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Sachchidanand
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Ranjit C. Desai
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
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