1
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Pal R, Matada GSP, Teli G, Saha M, Patel R. Therapeutic potential of anticancer activity of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor: Biological activity, selectivity, and structure-activity relationship. Bioorg Chem 2024; 152:107696. [PMID: 39167870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The JAK-STAT signalling pathway is primarily involved in cytokine signalling and induces various factors namely, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, interferons, interleukins, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors. These factors tremendously influenced understanding human health and illness, specifically cancer. Inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway offers enormous therapeutic promises against cancer. Many JAK inhibitors are now being studied due to their efficacy in various cancer treatments. Further, the Nitrogen-heterocyclic (N-heterocyclic) scaffold has always shown to be a powerful tool for designing and discovering synthetic compounds with diverse pharmacological characteristics. The review focuses on several FDA-approved JAK inhibitors and their systematic categorization. The medicinal chemistry perspective is highlighted and classified review on the basis of N-heterocyclic molecules. Several examples of designing strategies of N-heterocyclic rings including pyrrolo-azepine, purine, 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine, pyrazole, thieno[3,2-d] pyrimidine, and, pyrimidine-based derivatives and their structure-activity relationships (SAR) are discussed. Among the various N-heterocyclic-based JAK inhibitors pyrimidine-containing compound 1 exhibited excellent inhibition activity against JAK2WT and mutated-JAK2V617F with IC50 of 2.01 and 18.84 nM respectively. Amino pyrimidine-containing compound 6 and thiopheno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-containing compound 13 expressed admirable JAK3 inhibition activity with IC50 of 1.7 nM and 1.38 nM respectively. Our review will support the medicinal chemists in refining and directing the development of novel N-heterocyclic-based JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pal
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru 560107, Karnataka, India.
| | - Gurubasavaraja Swamy Purawarga Matada
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru 560107, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ghanshyam Teli
- School of Pharmacy, Sangam University, Atoon, Bhilwara, 311001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Moumita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Karnataka
| | - Rajiv Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
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Dalton DM, Walroth RC, Rouget-Virbel C, Mack KA, Toste FD. Utopia Point Bayesian Optimization Finds Condition-Dependent Selectivity for N-Methyl Pyrazole Condensation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15779-15786. [PMID: 38804885 PMCID: PMC11177315 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Utopia Point Bayesian Optimization (UPBO) was used to identify reaction conditions that are highly selective for the formation of N1 and N2-methyl-3-aryl pyrazole constitutional isomers. UPBO was used to explore a wide chemical space and identify basic reaction conditions for a typically acid-catalyzed Knorr pyrazole condensation. These studies revealed that selectivity in the reaction stems from a condition-dependent equilibrium of intermediates prior to dehydration. For the N2-methyl isomer reaction pathway, a hemiaminal intermediate was found to form reversibly under the reaction conditions, enabling a highly selective synthesis of the N2 isomer upon dehydrative workup. UPBO was able to successfully optimize conversion and selectivity simultaneously with search spaces of >1 million potential variable combinations without the need for high-performance computational resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M. Dalton
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Richard C. Walroth
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Caroline Rouget-Virbel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kyle A. Mack
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Istanbullu H, Coban G, Turunc E, Disel C, Debelec Butuner B. Discovery of selective TYK2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of promising hits with triazolopyrimidinone scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107430. [PMID: 38728909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway mediates many cytokine and growth factor signals. Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), one of the members of this pathway and the first described member of the JAK family. TYK2 associates with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, cancer and diabetes. Here, we present novel compounds as selective inhibitors of the canonical kinase domain of TYK2 enzyme. These compounds were rationally designed and synthesized with appropriate reactions. Molecular modeling techniques were used to design and optimize the candidates for TYK2 inhibition and to determine the estimated binding orientations of them inside JAKs. Designed compounds potently inhibited TYK2 with good selectivity against other JAKs as determined by in vitro assays. In order to verify its selectivity properties, compound A8 was tested against 58 human kinases (KinaseProfiler™ assay). The effects of the selected seven compounds on the protein levels of members of the JAK/STAT family were also detected in THP-1 monocytes although the basal level of these proteins is poorly detectable. Therefore, their expression was induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment and compounds A8, A15, A18, and A19 were found to be potent inhibitors of the TYK2 enzyme, (9.7 nM, 6.0 nM, 5.0 nM and 10.3 nM, respectively), and have high selectivity index for the JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3 enzymes. These findings suggest that triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinone derivatives may be lead compounds for developing potent TYK2-selective inhibitors targeting enzymes' active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Istanbullu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Kâtip Celebi University, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gunes Coban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ezgi Turunc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Kâtip Celebi University, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cagla Disel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bilge Debelec Butuner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Potlabathini T, Pothacamuri MA, Bandi VV, Anjum M, Shah P, Molina M, Dutta N, Adzhymuratov O, Mathew M, Sadu V, Zahid SA, Lingamgunta H, Sahotra M, Nasiri SMZJ, Daguipa CDM. FDA-Approved Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) Inhibitors for Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Cureus 2024; 16:e59978. [PMID: 38854342 PMCID: PMC11162266 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease causing chronic joint inflammation and, in more serious cases, organ involvement. RA typically affects people between the ages of 35 and 60; however, it can also afflict children younger than the age of 16 years and can also demonstrate a pattern of remission later in the disease course. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, exercise, and patient education are all used in the management of RA, which is divided into symptomatic management and disease-modifying management (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs) to reduce pain and inflammation, thereby preserving joint function. Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) have led to a substantial improvement in the management of RA. By specifically targeting the JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway, which is essential for immunological modulation, these inhibitors also demonstrate promise in treating various autoimmune illnesses, including inflammatory bowel diseases, giant cell arteritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis. Tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, peficitinib, delgocitinib, and filgotinib are examples of FDA-approved JAKis that have distinct properties and indications for treating a range of autoimmune illnesses. JAKis demonstrate a promising treatment approach for managing RA and other autoimmune diseases while enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. However, due to major safety concerns and the need for long-term success, meticulous patient monitoring is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mahnoor Anjum
- Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK
| | | | - M Molina
- Internal Medicine, International Medical Graduates (IMG) Helping Hands, Newark, USA
| | - Nilashis Dutta
- General Medicine, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Siliguri, IND
| | | | - Midhun Mathew
- Internal Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Vatsalya Sadu
- Medicine and Surgery, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Shiza A Zahid
- Medicine and Surgery, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Harini Lingamgunta
- Medicine, All Saints University School of Medicine Dominica, Chicago, USA
| | - Monika Sahotra
- Internal Medicine, International Medical Graduates (IMG) Helping Hands, San Pablo, USA
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Yoon HR, Park GJ, Balupuri A, Kang NS. TWN-FS method: A novel fragment screening method for drug discovery. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4683-4696. [PMID: 37841326 PMCID: PMC10568351 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is a well-established and effective method for generating diverse and novel hits in drug design. Kinases are suitable targets for FBDD due to their well-defined structure. Water molecules contribute to structure and function of proteins and also influence the environment within the binding pocket. Water molecules form a variety of hydrogen-bonded cyclic water-ring networks, collectively known as topological water networks (TWNs). Analyzing the TWNs in protein binding sites can provide valuable insights into potential locations and shapes for fragments within the binding site. Here, we introduce TWN-based fragment screening (TWN-FS) method, a novel screening method that suggests fragments through grouped TWN analysis within the protein binding site. We used this method to screen known CDK2, CHK1, IGF1R and ERBB4 inhibitors. Our findings suggest that TWN-FS method has the potential to effectively screen fragments. The TWN-FS method package is available on GitHub at https://github.com/pkj0421/TWN-FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ree Yoon
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Gyoung Jin Park
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Anand Balupuri
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Nam Sook Kang
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
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6
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Wang Z, Sun L, Xu Y, Liang P, Xu K, Huang J. Discovery of novel JAK1 inhibitors through combining machine learning, structure-based pharmacophore modeling and bio-evaluation. J Transl Med 2023; 21:579. [PMID: 37641144 PMCID: PMC10464202 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) plays a critical role in most cytokine-mediated inflammatory, autoimmune responses and various cancers via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Inhibition of JAK1 is therefore an attractive therapeutic strategy for several diseases. Recently, high-performance machine learning techniques have been increasingly applied in virtual screening to develop new kinase inhibitors. Our study aimed to develop a novel layered virtual screening method based on machine learning (ML) and pharmacophore models to identify the potential JAK1 inhibitors. METHODS Firstly, we constructed a high-quality dataset comprising 3834 JAK1 inhibitors and 12,230 decoys, followed by establishing a series of classification models based on a combination of three molecular descriptors and six ML algorithms. To further screen potential compounds, we constructed several pharmacophore models based on Hiphop and receptor-ligand algorithms. We then used molecular docking to filter the recognized compounds. Finally, the binding stability and enzyme inhibition activity of the identified compounds were assessed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and in vitro enzyme activity tests. RESULTS The best performance ML model DNN-ECFP4 and two pharmacophore models Hiphop3 and 6TPF 08 were utilized to screen the ZINC database. A total of 13 potentially active compounds were screened and the MD results demonstrated that all of the above molecules could bind with JAK1 stably in dynamic conditions. Among the shortlisted compounds, the four purchasable compounds demonstrated significant kinase inhibition activity, with Z-10 being the most active (IC50 = 194.9 nM). CONCLUSION The current study provides an efficient and accurate integrated model. The hit compounds were promising candidates for the further development of novel JAK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, 710054, China.
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery,China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peida Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, 710054, China
| | - Kaiyan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, 710054, China.
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7
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Gu S, Shen C, Yu J, Zhao H, Liu H, Liu L, Sheng R, Xu L, Wang Z, Hou T, Kang Y. Can molecular dynamics simulations improve predictions of protein-ligand binding affinity with machine learning? Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:6995375. [PMID: 36681903 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding affinity prediction largely determines the discovery efficiency of lead compounds in drug discovery. Recently, machine learning (ML)-based approaches have attracted much attention in hopes of enhancing the predictive performance of traditional physics-based approaches. In this study, we evaluated the impact of structural dynamic information on the binding affinity prediction by comparing the models trained on different dimensional descriptors, using three targets (i.e. JAK1, TAF1-BD2 and DDR1) and their corresponding ligands as the examples. Here, 2D descriptors are traditional ECFP4 fingerprints, 3D descriptors are the energy terms of the Smina and NNscore scoring functions and 4D descriptors contain the structural dynamic information derived from the trajectories based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We systematically investigate the MD-refined binding affinity prediction performance of three classical ML algorithms (i.e. RF, SVR and XGB) as well as two common virtual screening methods, namely Glide docking and MM/PBSA. The outcomes of the ML models built using various dimensional descriptors and their combinations reveal that the MD refinement with the optimized protocol can improve the predictive performance on the TAF1-BD2 target with considerable structural flexibility, but not for the less flexible JAK1 and DDR1 targets, when taking docking poses as the initial structure instead of the crystal structures. The results highlight the importance of the initial structures to the final performance of the model through conformational analysis on the three targets with different flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukai Gu
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- Faculty of Applied Science, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, SAR, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Advanced Computing and Storage Laboratory, Central Research Institute, 2012 Laboratories, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518129, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Sheng
- Health Technology Development Dept, Huawei Device Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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8
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A Comprehensive Overview of Globally Approved JAK Inhibitors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051001. [PMID: 35631587 PMCID: PMC9146299 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) is a family of cytoplasmic non-receptor tyrosine kinases that includes four members, namely JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. The JAKs transduce cytokine signaling through the JAK-STAT pathway, which regulates the transcription of several genes involved in inflammatory, immune, and cancer conditions. Targeting the JAK family kinases with small-molecule inhibitors has proved to be effective in the treatment of different types of diseases. In the current review, eleven of the JAK inhibitors that received approval for clinical use have been discussed. These drugs are abrocitinib, baricitinib, delgocitinib, fedratinib, filgotinib, oclacitinib, pacritinib, peficitinib, ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, and upadacitinib. The aim of the current review was to provide an integrated overview of the chemical and pharmacological data of the globally approved JAK inhibitors. The synthetic routes of the eleven drugs were described. In addition, their inhibitory activities against different kinases and their pharmacological uses have also been explained. Moreover, their crystal structures with different kinases were summarized, with a primary focus on their binding modes and interactions. The proposed metabolic pathways and metabolites of these drugs were also illustrated. To sum up, the data in the current review could help in the design of new JAK inhibitors with potential therapeutic benefits in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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9
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Evaluation of Substituted Pyrazole-Based Kinase Inhibitors in One Decade (2011-2020): Current Status and Future Prospects. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27010330. [PMID: 35011562 PMCID: PMC8747022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazole has been recognized as a pharmacologically important privileged scaffold whose derivatives produce almost all types of pharmacological activities and have attracted much attention in the last decades. Of the various pyrazole derivatives reported as potential therapeutic agents, this article focuses on pyrazole-based kinase inhibitors. Pyrazole-possessing kinase inhibitors play a crucial role in various disease areas, especially in many cancer types such as lymphoma, breast cancer, melanoma, cervical cancer, and others in addition to inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. In this article, we reviewed the structural and biological characteristics of the pyrazole derivatives recently reported as kinase inhibitors and classified them according to their target kinases in a chronological order. We reviewed the reports including pyrazole derivatives as kinase inhibitors published during the past decade (2011-2020).
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10
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Taldaev A, Rudnev VR, Nikolsky KS, Kulikova LI, Kaysheva AL. Molecular Modeling Insights into Upadacitinib Selectivity upon Binding to JAK Protein Family. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010030. [PMID: 35056087 PMCID: PMC8778839 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease characterized by bone joint damage and incapacitation. The mechanism underlying RA pathogenesis is autoimmunity in the connective tissue. Cytokines play an important role in the human immune system for signal transduction and in the development of inflammatory responses. Janus kinases (JAK) participate in the JAK/STAT pathway, which mediates cytokine effects, in particular interleukin 6 and IFNγ. The discovery of small molecule inhibitors of the JAK protein family has led to a revolution in RA therapy. The novel JAK inhibitor upadacitinib (RinvoqTM) has a higher selectivity for JAK1 compared to JAK2 and JAK3 in vivo. Currently, details on the molecular recognition of JAK1 by upadacitinib are not available. We found that characteristics of hydrogen bond formation with the glycine loop and hinge in JAKs define the selectivity. Our molecular modeling study could provide insight into the drug action mechanism and pharmacophore model differences in JAK isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taldaev
- Biobanking Group, V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 109028 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (V.R.R.); (K.S.N.); (L.I.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir R. Rudnev
- Biobanking Group, V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 109028 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (V.R.R.); (K.S.N.); (L.I.K.)
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Kirill S. Nikolsky
- Biobanking Group, V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 109028 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (V.R.R.); (K.S.N.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Liudmila I. Kulikova
- Biobanking Group, V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 109028 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (V.R.R.); (K.S.N.); (L.I.K.)
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS—The Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anna L. Kaysheva
- Biobanking Group, V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 109028 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (V.R.R.); (K.S.N.); (L.I.K.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Wellaway CR, Baldwin IR, Bamborough P, Barker D, Bartholomew MA, Chung CW, Dümpelfeld B, Evans JP, Fazakerley NJ, Homes P, Keeling SP, Lewell XQ, McNab FW, Morley J, Needham D, Neu M, van Oosterhout AJM, Pal A, Reinhard FBM, Rianjongdee F, Robertson CM, Rowland P, Shah RR, Sherriff EB, Sloan LA, Teague S, Thomas DA, Wellaway N, Wojno-Picon J, Woolven JM, Coe DM. Investigation of Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors for Lung Delivery and the Importance of Aldehyde Oxidase Metabolism. J Med Chem 2021; 65:633-664. [PMID: 34928601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Janus family of tyrosine kinases (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2) play an essential role in the receptor signaling of cytokines that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe asthma, and there is emerging interest in the development of small-molecule-inhaled JAK inhibitors as treatments. Here, we describe the optimization of a quinazoline series of JAK inhibitors and the results of mouse lung pharmacokinetic (PK) studies where only low concentrations of parent compound were observed. Subsequent investigations revealed that the low exposure was due to metabolism by aldehyde oxidase (AO), so we sought to identify quinazolines that were not metabolized by AO. We found that specific substituents at the quinazoline 2-position prevented AO metabolism and this was rationalized through computational docking studies in the AO binding site, but they compromised kinome selectivity. Results presented here highlight that AO metabolism is a potential issue in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Wellaway
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ian R Baldwin
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Bamborough
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Daniel Barker
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Michelle A Bartholomew
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Chun-Wa Chung
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Birgit Dümpelfeld
- Cellzome GmbH, A GlaxoSmithKline Company, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John P Evans
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Neal J Fazakerley
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Homes
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Steven P Keeling
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Xiao Q Lewell
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Finlay W McNab
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Joanne Morley
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Deborah Needham
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Margarete Neu
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Anshu Pal
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Francesco Rianjongdee
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Craig M Robertson
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Rowland
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rishi R Shah
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Emma B Sherriff
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Lisa A Sloan
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Simon Teague
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Daniel A Thomas
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Natalie Wellaway
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Justyna Wojno-Picon
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - James M Woolven
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Diane M Coe
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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12
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O'Sullivan L, Patel KV, Rowley BC, Brownsey DK, Gorobets E, Gelfand BS, Van Humbeck JF, Derksen DJ. Regioselective Synthesis of C3-Hydroxyarylated Pyrazoles. J Org Chem 2021; 87:846-854. [PMID: 34905376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazoles are ubiquitous structures in medicinal chemistry. We report the first regioselective route to C3-hydroxyarylated pyrazoles obtained through reaction of pyrazole N-oxides with arynes using mild conditions. Importantly, this method does not require the C4 and C5 positions of the pyrazole to be functionalized to observe regioselectivity. Using this method, we completed the synthesis of a recently reported JAK 1/2 inhibitor. Our synthesis produces the desired product in 4 steps from commercially available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie O'Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Ketul V Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Ben C Rowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Duncan K Brownsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Evgueni Gorobets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | | | - Darren J Derksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
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13
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Stumpf A, Burkhard J, Xu D, Marx A, Lao D, Ochsenbein M, Ranjan R, Angelaud R, Gosselin F. Efficient, Protecting Group Free Kilogram-Scale Synthesis of the JAK1 Inhibitor GDC-4379. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stumpf
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Johannes Burkhard
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andreas Marx
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David Lao
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Miriam Ochsenbein
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rohit Ranjan
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Remy Angelaud
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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14
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Georas SN, Donohue P, Connolly M, Wechsler ME. JAK inhibitors for asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:953-963. [PMID: 34625142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by intermittent episodes of wheezing, chest tightness, and cough. Many of the inflammatory pathways implicated in asthma involve cytokines and growth factors that activate Janus kinases (JAKs). The discovery of the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway was a major breakthrough that revolutionized our understanding of cell growth and differentiation. JAK inhibitors are under active investigation for immune and inflammatory diseases, and they have demonstrated clinical efficacy in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and atopic dermatitis. Substantial preclinical data support the idea that inhibiting JAKs will ameliorate airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in asthma. Here, we review the rationale for use of JAK inhibitors in different asthma endotypes as well as the preclinical and early clinical evidence supporting such use. We review preclinical data from the use of systemic and inhaled JAK inhibitors in animal models of asthma and safety data based on the use of JAK inhibitors in other diseases. We conclude that JAK inhibitors have the potential to usher in a new era of anti-inflammatory treatment for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
| | | | - Margaret Connolly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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15
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Pasqua E, Hamblin N, Edwards C, Baker-Glenn C, Hurley C. Developing inhaled drugs for respiratory diseases: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:134-150. [PMID: 34547449 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the devastating impact of many lung diseases on human health, there is still a significant unmet medical need in respiratory diseases, for which inhaled delivery represents a crucial strategy. More guidance on how to design and carry out multidisciplinary inhaled projects is needed. When designing inhaled drugs, the medicinal chemist must carefully balance the physicochemical properties of the molecule to achieve optimal target engagement in the lung. Although the medicinal chemistry strategy is unique for each project, and will change depending on multiple factors, such as the disease, target, systemic risk, delivery device, and formulation, general guidelines aiding inhaled drug design can be applied and are summarised in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pasqua
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK.
| | - Nicole Hamblin
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK; Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Waldon CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Charles Baker-Glenn
- Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Waldon CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Chris Hurley
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
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16
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Gyebi GA, Ogunyemi OM, Ibrahim IM, Afolabi SO, Adebayo JO. Dual targeting of cytokine storm and viral replication in COVID-19 by plant-derived steroidal pregnanes: An in silico perspective. Comput Biol Med 2021; 134:104406. [PMID: 33915479 PMCID: PMC8053224 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The high morbidity and mortality rate of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection arises majorly from the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and "cytokine storm" syndrome, which is sustained by an aberrant systemic inflammatory response and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, phytocompounds with broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory activity that target multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins will enhance the development of effective drugs against the disease. In this study, an in-house library of 117 steroidal plant-derived pregnanes (PDPs) was docked in the active regions of human glucocorticoid receptors (hGRs) in a comparative molecular docking analysis. Based on the minimal binding energy and a comparative dexamethasone binding mode analysis, a list of top twenty ranked PDPs docked in the agonist conformation of hGR, with binding energies ranging between -9.8 and -11.2 kcal/mol, was obtained and analyzed for possible interactions with the human Janus kinases 1 and Interleukins-6 and SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease, Papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. For each target protein, the top three ranked PDPs were selected. Eight PDPs (bregenin, hirundigenin, anhydroholantogenin, atratogenin A, atratogenin B, glaucogenin A, glaucogenin C and glaucogenin D) with high binding tendencies to the catalytic residues of multiple targets were identified. A high degree of structural stability was observed from the 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation analyses of glaucogenin C and hirundigenin complexes of hGR. The selected top-eight ranked PDPs demonstrated high druggable potentials and favourable in silico ADMET properties. Thus, the therapeutic potentials of glaucogenin C and hirundigenin can be explored for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon A. Gyebi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa, Nigeria,Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, P.M.B 005, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Oludare M. Ogunyemi
- Human Nutraceuticals and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Salem University, Lokoja, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim M. Ibrahim
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Saheed O. Afolabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O. Adebayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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17
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Mao JC, Hong JJ, Lin MZ, Han F, Li D. A luminescent Zn(II)-Containing Complex: Selective Sensing of Cr(VI) Anion and Application Values on Tuberculosis Care Through Increasing the Antibacterial Response of Macrophages. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1169-1176. [PMID: 34021432 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new Zn(II)-bearing metal-organic framework (MOF), namely, {[Zn2(L)2(H2O)]·8H2O·DMF}n (1) has been generated via applying 4,4'-([2,3'-bipyridine]-4,6-diyl) dibenzoic acid (H2L), a pyridine-carboxylic acid ligand under the solvothermal reaction conditions. In the aqueous solution, complex 1 could be utilized as the fluorescent sensor for the simultaneous detection of Cr2O72- ion and CrO42- ion with low limits of detection and high sensitivity. It is important that this luminescent material can be regenerated quickly and the sensing ability of this luminescent material can be reused for three times. Furthermore, the assessment of the compound's application values against the Tuberculosis care was carried out and simultaneously its relevant mechanism was investigated. First of all, the bacterial burden in the lung macrophages was measured with plate micro-dilution method. Besides, the signaling pathway of JAK/STAT activation was evaluated with real time RT-PCR. Molecular docking simulation reveals that the polar oxygens are the active sites that could form binding interactions the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chao Mao
- Infectious Disease Department, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Jing Hong
- Infectious Disease Department, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming-Zheng Lin
- Infectious Disease Department, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Feng Han
- Medicine College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Li
- Medicine College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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18
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Du W, Zhang F, Yan P, Lai Q, Li J, Zhu D, Ye L. Design, Synthesis, Activity Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of Novel Janus kinase Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Du
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Fuli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Pei Yan
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qingfu Lai
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Junjian Li
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Daqian Zhu
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Lianbao Ye
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
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19
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Agache I, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Canonica GW, Casale T, Chivato T, Corren J, Chu DK, Del Giacco S, Eiwegger T, Flood B, Firinu D, Gern JE, Hamelmann E, Hanania N, Hernández‐Martín I, Knibb R, Mäkelä M, Nair P, O’Mahony L, Papadopoulos NG, Papi A, Park H, Pérez de Llano L, Pfaar O, Quirce S, Sastre J, Shamji M, Schwarze J, Palomares O, Jutel M. EAACI Biologicals Guidelines-Recommendations for severe asthma. Allergy 2021; 76:14-44. [PMID: 32484954 DOI: 10.1111/all.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe asthma imposes a significant burden on patients, families and healthcare systems. Management is difficult, due to disease heterogeneity, co-morbidities, complexity in care pathways and differences between national or regional healthcare systems. Better understanding of the mechanisms has enabled a stratified approach to the management of severe asthma, supporting the use of targeted treatments with biologicals. However, there are still many issues that require further clarification. These include selection of a certain biological (as they all target overlapping disease phenotypes), the definition of response, strategies to enhance the responder rate, the duration of treatment and its regimen (in the clinic or home-based) and its cost-effectiveness. The EAACI Guidelines on the use of biologicals in severe asthma follow the GRADE approach in formulating recommendations for each biological and each outcome. In addition, a management algorithm for the use of biologicals in the clinic is proposed, together with future approaches and research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine Transylvania University Brasov Romania
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine‐Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS Rozzano Italy
| | - Thomas Casale
- Division of Allergy and Immunology University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa FL USA
| | - Tomas Chivato
- School of Medicine University CEU San Pablo Madrid Spain
| | | | - Derek K. Chu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Division of Immunology and Allergy, and Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children Departments of Paediatrics and Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Breda Flood
- European Federation of Allergy and Airway Diseases Brussels Belgium
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - Eckard Hamelmann
- Children’s Center Bethel Evangelical Hospital Bethel University of Bielefeld Bielefeld Germany
| | - Nicola Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | | | - Rebeca Knibb
- Department of Psychology School of Life and Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham UK
| | - Mika Mäkelä
- Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- Division of Respirology Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Liam O’Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Allergy Department 2nd Pediatric Clinic National Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Alberto Papi
- Research Center on Asthma and COPD Department of Medical Sciences University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Hae‐Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Ajou University Ajou Korea
| | | | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital Marburg Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Department of Allergy La Paz University Hospital IdiPAZ CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Mohamed Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair, Development National Heart and Lung Institute London UK
- Imperial College NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Jurgen Schwarze
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Child Life and Health The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Chemistry School Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
- All‐MED Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
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20
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Agache I, Cojanu C, Laculiceanu A, Rogozea L. Critical Points on the Use of Biologicals in Allergic Diseases and Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:24-41. [PMID: 31743962 PMCID: PMC6875478 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Improved understanding of the contribution of immune-inflammatory mechanisms in allergic diseases and asthma has encouraged development of biologicals and small molecules specifically targeting the innate and adaptive immune response. There are several critical points impacting the efficacy of this stratified approach, from the complexity of disease endotypes to the effectiveness in real-world settings. We discuss here how these barriers can be overcome to facilitate the development of implementation science for allergic diseases and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Agache
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania.
| | - Catalina Cojanu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Alexandru Laculiceanu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Liliana Rogozea
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
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21
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Zak M, Dengler HS, Rajapaksa NS. Inhaled Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors for the treatment of asthma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126658. [PMID: 31522830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple asthma-relevant cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TSLP depend upon JAKs for signaling. JAK inhibition may, therefore, offer a novel intervention strategy for patients with disease refractory to current standards of care. Multiple systemically delivered JAK inhibitors have been approved for human use or are under clinical evaluation in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, the on-target side effect profiles of these agents are likely not tolerable for many asthmatic patients. Limiting JAK inhibition to the lung is expected to improve therapeutic index relative to systemic inhibition. Thus, inhaled JAK inhibitors with lung-restricted exposure are of high interest as potential treatments for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zak
- Genentech Inc., Discovery Chemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Hart S Dengler
- Genentech Inc., Immunology Department, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Naomi S Rajapaksa
- Genentech Inc., Discovery Chemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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22
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Abstract
Current management of severe asthma relying either on guidelines (bulk approach) or on disease phenotypes (stratified approach) did not improve the burden of the disease. Several severe phenotypes are described: clinical, functional, morphological, inflammatory, molecular and microbiome-related. However, phenotypes do not necessarily relate to or give insights into the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms which are described by the disease endotypes. Based on the major immune-inflammatory pathway involved type-2 high, type-2 low and mixed endotypes are described for severe asthma, with several shared pathogenetic pathways such as genetic and epigenetic, metabolic, neurogenic and remodelling subtypes. The concept of multidimensional endotyping as un unbiased approach to severe asthma is discussed, together with new tools and targets facilitating the shift from the stratified to the precision medicine approach.
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