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Broussolle T, Roux JP, Chapurlat R, Barrey C. Murine models of posterolateral spinal fusion: A systematic review. Neurochirurgie 2023; 69:101428. [PMID: 36871885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2023.101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodent models are commonly used experimentally to assess treatment effectiveness in spinal fusion. Certain factors are associated with better fusion rates. The objectives of the present study were to report the protocols most frequently used, to evaluate factors known to positively influence fusion rate, and to identify new factors. METHOD A systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science found 139 experimental studies of posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion in rodent models. Data for level and location of fusion, animal strain, sex, weight and age, graft, decortication, fusion assessment and fusion and mortality rates were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The standard murine model for spinal fusion was male Sprague Dawley rats of 295g weight and 13 weeks' age, using decortication, with L4-L5 as fusion level. The last two criteria were associated with significantly better fusion rates. On manual palpation, the overall mean fusion rate in rats was 58% and the autograft mean fusion rate was 61%. Most studies evaluated fusion as a binary on manual palpation, and only a few used CT and histology. Average mortality was 3.03% in rats and 1.56% in mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest using a rat model, younger than 10 weeks and weighing more than 300 grams on the day of surgery, to optimize fusion rates, with decortication before grafting and fusing the L4-L5 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Broussolle
- Department of Spine Surgery, P. Wertheimer University Hospital, GHE, hospices civils de Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Inserm UMR 1033, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Jean-Paul Roux
- Inserm UMR 1033, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - R Chapurlat
- Inserm UMR 1033, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - C Barrey
- Department of Spine Surgery, P. Wertheimer University Hospital, GHE, hospices civils de Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Arts et métiers ParisTech, ENSAM, 151, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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Holmes C, Elder BD, Ishida W, Perdomo-Pantoja A, Locke J, Cottrill E, Lo SFL, Witham TF. Comparing the efficacy of syngeneic iliac and femoral allografts with iliac crest autograft in a rat model of lumbar spinal fusion. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:410. [PMID: 32933551 PMCID: PMC7490887 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite widespread use of femoral-sourced allografts in clinical spinal fusion procedures and the increasing interest in using femoral reamer-irrigator-aspirator (RIA) autograft in clinical bone grafting, few studies have examined the efficacy of femoral grafts compared to iliac crest grafts in spinal fusion. The objective of this study was to directly compare the use of autologous iliac crest with syngeneic femoral and iliac allograft bone in the rat model of lumbar spinal fusion. METHODS Single-level bilateral posterolateral intertransverse process lumbar spinal fusion surgery was performed on Lewis rats divided into three experimental groups: iliac crest autograft, syngeneic iliac crest allograft, and syngeneic femoral allograft bone. Eight weeks postoperatively, fusion was evaluated via microCT analysis, manual palpation, and histology. In vitro analysis of the colony-forming and osteogenic capacity of bone marrow cells derived from rat femurs and hips was also performed to determine whether there was a correlation with the fusion efficacy of these graft sources. RESULTS Although no differences were observed between groups in CT fusion mass volumes, iliac allografts displayed an increased number of radiographically fused fusion masses and a higher rate of bilateral fusion via manual palpation. Histologically, hip-derived grafts showed better integration with host bone than femur derived ones, likely associated with the higher concentration of osteogenic progenitor cells observed in hip-derived bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the feasibility of using syngeneic allograft bone in place of autograft bone within inbred rat fusion models and highlights the need for further study of femoral-derived grafts in fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Holmes
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Wataru Ishida
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - John Locke
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan Cottrill
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheng-Fu L Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Cottrill E, Ahmed AK, Lessing N, Pennington Z, Ishida W, Perdomo-Pantoja A, Lo SF, Howell E, Holmes C, Goodwin CR, Theodore N, Sciubba DM, Witham TF. Investigational growth factors utilized in animal models of spinal fusion: Systematic review. World J Orthop 2019; 10:176-191. [PMID: 31041160 PMCID: PMC6475812 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v10.i4.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 400000 Americans annually undergo spinal fusion surgeries, yet up to 40% of these procedures result in pseudoarthrosis even with iliac crest autograft, the current “gold standard” treatment. Tissue engineering has the potential to solve this problem via the creation of bone grafts involving bone-promoting growth factors (e.g., bone morphogenetic protein 2). A broad assessment of experimental growth factors is important to inform future work and clinical potential in this area. To date, however, no study has systematically reviewed the investigational growth factors utilized in preclinical animal models of spinal fusion.
AIM To review all published studies assessing investigational growth factors for spinal fusion in animal models and identify promising agents for translation.
METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases with searches run on May 29th, 2018. The search query was designed to include all non-human, preclinical animal models of spinal fusion reported in the literature without a timespan limit. Extracted data for each model included surgical approach, level of fusion, animal species and breed, animal age and sex, and any other relevant characteristics. The dosages/sizes of all implant materials, spinal fusion rates, and follow-up time points were recorded. The data were analyzed and the results reported in tables and text. PRISMA guidelines were followed for this systematic review.
RESULTS Twenty-six articles were included in this study, comprising 14 experimental growth factors: AB204 (n = 1); angiopoietin 1 (n = 1); calcitonin (n = 3); erythropoietin (n = 1); basic fibroblast growth factor (n = 1); growth differentiation factor 5 (n = 4), combined insulin-like growth factor 1 + transforming growth factor beta (n = 4); insulin (n = 1); NELL-1 (n = 5); noggin (n = 1); P-15 (n = 1); peptide B2A (n = 2); and secreted phosphoprotein 24 (n = 1). The fusion rates of the current gold standard treatment (autologous iliac crest bone graft, ICBG) and the leading clinically used growth factor (BMP-2) ranged widely in the included studies, from 0-100% for ICBG and from 13%-100% for BMP-2. Among the identified growth factors, calcitonin, GDF-5, NELL-1, and P-15 resulted in fusion rates of 100% in some cases. In addition, six growth factors - AB204, angiopoietin 1, GDF-5, insulin, NELL-1, and peptide B2A - resulted in significantly enhanced fusion rates compared to ICBG, BMP-2, or other internal control in some studies. Large heterogeneity in animal species, fusion method, and experimental groups and time points was observed across the included studies, limiting the direct comparison of the growth factors identified herein.
CONCLUSION Several promising investigational growth factors for spinal fusion have been identified herein; directly comparing the fusion efficacy and safety of these agents may inform clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Cottrill
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - A Karim Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Noah Lessing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Zachary Pennington
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Wataru Ishida
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | | | - Sheng-fu Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Elizabeth Howell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - C Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Nicholas Theodore
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
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Ryu D, Yoon BH, Oh CH, Kim MH, Kim JY, Yoon SH, Choe S. Activin A/BMP2 Chimera (AB204) Exhibits Better Spinal Bone Fusion Properties than rhBMP2. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2018; 61:669-679. [PMID: 30396241 PMCID: PMC6280059 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2017.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the spinal bone fusion properties of activin A/BMP2 chimera (AB204) with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP2) using a rat posterolateral spinal fusion model.
Methods The study was designed to compare the effects and property at different dosages of AB204 and rhBMP2 on spinal bone fusion. Sixty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion using one of nine treatments during the study, that is, sham; osteon only; 3.0 μg, 6.0 μg, or 10.0 μg of rhBMP2 with osteon; and 1.0 μg, 3.0 μg, 6.0 μg, or 10.0 μg of AB204 with osteon. The effects and property on spinal bone fusion was calculated at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment using the scores of physical palpation, simple radiograph, micro-computed tomography, and immunohistochemistry.
Results Bone fusion scores were significantly higher for 10.0 μg AB204 and 10.0 μg rhBMP2 than for osteon only or 1.0 μg AB204. AB204 exhibited more prolonged osteoblastic activity than rhBMP2. Bone fusion properties of AB204 were similar with the properties of rhBMP2 at doses of 6.0 and 10.0 μg, but, the properties of AB204 at doses of 3.0 μg exhibited better than the properties of rhBMP2 at doses of 3.0 μg.
Conclusion AB204 chimeras could to be more potent for treating spinal bone fusion than rhBMP2 substitutes with increased osteoblastic activity for over a longer period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalsung Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung-Hak Yoon
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, joint Center for Biosciences at Songdo Global University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cham Teun Teun Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Hang Kim
- Department of Physiology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Senyon Choe
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, joint Center for Biosciences at Songdo Global University, Incheon, Korea.,Structural Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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5
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Duarte RM, Varanda P, Reis RL, Duarte ARC, Correia-Pinto J. Biomaterials and Bioactive Agents in Spinal Fusion. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:540-551. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui M. Duarte
- School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Varanda
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita C. Duarte
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
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Bhattarai G, Kook SH, Kim JH, Poudel SB, Lim SS, Seo YK, Lee JC. COMP-Ang1 prevents periodontitic damages and enhances mandible bone growth in an experimental animal model. Bone 2016; 92:168-179. [PMID: 27612438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COMP-Ang1, a chimera of angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and a short coiled-coil domain of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), is under consideration as a therapeutic agent enhancing tissue regeneration with increased angiogenesis. However, the effect of COMP-Ang1 on periodontitic tissue damages and the related mechanisms are not yet investigated. We initially explored whether a local delivery of COMP-Ang1 protects lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ligature-induced periodontal destruction in rats. As the results, μCT and histological analyses revealed that COMP-Ang1 inhibits LPS-mediated degradation of periodontium. COMP-Ang1 also suppressed osteoclast number and the expression of osteoclast-specific and inflammation-related molecules in the inflamed region of periodontitis rats. Implanting a COMP-Ang1-impregnated scaffold into critical-sized mandible bone defects enhanced the amount of bone in the defects with increased expression of bone-specific markers. The addition of COMP-Ang1 prevented significantly osteoclast differentiation and activation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and cAMP response element-binding protein in the cells. On contrary, COMP-Ang1 increased the level of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in LPS-exposed macrophages and a pharmacological PI3K inhibitor diminished the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of COMP-Ang1. Similarly, COMP-Ang1 blocked the expression of inflammation-related molecules in LPS-stimulated human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPLFs). Further, the COMP-Ang1 enhanced differentiation of hPLFs into osteoblasts by stimulating the expression of bone-specific markers, Tie2, and activator protein-1 subfamily. Collectively, our findings may support the therapeutic potentials of COMP-Ang1 in preventing inflammatory periodontal damages and in stimulating new bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhattarai
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences (BK21 program) and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences (BK21 program) and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea; Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Chonnam National University Dental Hospital, Kwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sher Bahadur Poudel
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences (BK21 program) and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Shin-Saeng Lim
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences (BK21 program) and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea; Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea.
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Ishida W, Elder BD, Holmes C, Lo SFL, Witham TF. Variables Affecting Fusion Rates in the Rat Posterolateral Spinal Fusion Model with Autogenic/Allogenic Bone Grafts: A Meta-analysis. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:3186-3201. [PMID: 27473706 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The rat posterolateral spinal fusion model with autogenic/allogenic bone graft (rat PFABG) has been increasingly utilized as an experimental model to assess the efficacy of novel fusion treatments. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of the rat PFABG model and examine the effects of different variables on spinal fusion. A web-based literature search from January, 1970 to September, 2015, yielded 26 studies, which included 40 rat PFABG control groups and 449 rats. Data regarding age, weight, sex, and strain of rats, graft volume, graft type, decorticated levels, surgical approach, institution, the number of control rats, fusion rate, methods of fusion assessment, and timing of fusion assessment were collected and analyzed. The primary outcome variable of interest was fusion rate, as evaluated by manual palpation. Fusion rates varied widely, from 0 to 96%. The calculated overall fusion rate was 46.1% with an I 2 value of 62.4, which indicated moderate heterogeneity. Weight >300 g, age >14 weeks, male rat, Sprague-Dawley strain, and autogenic coccyx grafts increased fusion rates with statistical significance. Additionally, an assessment time-point ≥8 weeks had a trend towards statistical significance (p = 0.070). Multi-regression analysis demonstrated that timing of assessment and age as continuous variables, as well as sex as a categorical variable, can predict the fusion rate with R 2 = 0.82. In an inter-institution reliability analysis, the pooled overall fusion rate was 50.0% [44.8, 55.3%], with statistically significant differences among fusion outcomes at different institutions (p < 0.001 and I 2 of 72.2). Due to the heterogeneity of fusion outcomes, the reliability of the rat PFABG model was relatively limited. However, selection of adequate variables can optimize its use as a control group in studies evaluating the efficacy of novel fusion therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ishida
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Room 6007, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Benjamin D Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Room 6007, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Room 6007, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sheng-Fu L Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Room 6007, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Room 6007, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Choi H, Jeong BC, Kook MS, Koh JT. Betulinic acid synergically enhances BMP2-induced bone formation via stimulating Smad 1/5/8 and p38 pathways. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:45. [PMID: 27188281 PMCID: PMC4869197 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healing of bone defects is a dynamic and orchestrated process that relies on multiple growth factors and cell types. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is a key growth factor for bone healing, which stimulates mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts. Betulinic acid (BetA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid from plants. This study aimed to examine combinatory effects of BetA and BMP2 on ectopic bone generation in mice. RESULTS In MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast culture, 10-15 μM of BetA increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression levels of osteogenic marker genes without the decreased cell viability. In addition, BetA synergistically enhanced BMP2-induced gene expressions and mineralization with the enhancement of phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38. In an in vivo ectopic bone formation model, combination of BetA (50 μg) and BMP2 (3 μg) resulted in increases in the amount of new bone generation, compared with treatment with BMP2 alone. Histological studies showed that bone generation with cortical and trabecular structures was resulted from the combination of BetA and BMP2. CONCLUSION BetA can enhance in vivo osteogenic potentials of BMP2, possibly via stimulating Smad 1/5/8 and p38 pathways, and combination of both agents can be considered as a therapeutic strategy for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuck Choi
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Animal Nutrition Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Jeong
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Kook
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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9
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LIPUS promotes spinal fusion coupling proliferation of type H microvessels in bone. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20116. [PMID: 26830666 PMCID: PMC4735589 DOI: 10.1038/srep20116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been found to accelerate spinal fusion. Type H microvessels are found in close relation with bone development. We analyzed the role of type H vessels in rat spinal fusion model intervened by LIPUS. It was found LIPUS could significantly accelerate bone fusion rate and enlarge bone callus. Osteoblasts were specifically located on the bone meshwork of the allograft, and were surrounded by type H microvessels. LIPUS could significantly increase the quantity of osteoblasts during spine fusion, which process was coupled with elevated angiogenesis of type H microvessels. Our results suggest that LIPUS may be a noninvasive adjuvant treatment modality in spinal fusion for clinical use. The treatment is recommended for usage for at least one month.
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10
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Choi H, Jeong BC, Hur SW, Kim JW, Lee KB, Koh JT. The Angiopoietin-1 Variant COMP-Ang1 Enhances BMP2-Induced Bone Regeneration with Recruiting Pericytes in Critical Sized Calvarial Defects. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140502. [PMID: 26465321 PMCID: PMC4605622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial bone defects are observed in a variety of clinical situations, and their reconstructions require coordinated coupling between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In this study, we explored the effects of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein-angiopoietin 1 (COMP-Ang1), a synthetic and soluble variant of angiopoietin 1, on bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced cranial bone regeneration, and recruitment and osteogenic differentiation of perivascular pericytes. A critical-size calvarial defect was created in the C57BL/6 mouse and COMP-Ang1 and/or BMP2 proteins were delivered into the defects with absorbable collagen sponges. After 3 weeks, bone regeneration was evaluated using micro-computed tomography and histologic examination. Pericyte recruitment into the defects was examined using immunofluorescence staining with anti-NG2 and anti-CD31 antibodies. In vitro recruitment and osteoblastic differentiation of pericyte cells were assessed with Boyden chamber assay, staining of calcified nodules, RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Combined administration of COMP-Ang1 and BMP2 synergistically enhanced bone repair along with the increased population of CD31 (an endothelial cell marker) and NG2 (a specific marker of pericyte) positive cells. In vitro cultures of pericytes consistently showed that pericyte infiltration into the membrane pore of Boyden chamber was more enhanced by the combination treatment. In addition, the combination further increased the osteoblast-specific gene expression, including bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN) and osterix (OSX), phosphorylation of Smad/1/5/8, and mineralized nodule formation. COMP-Ang1 can enhance BMP2-induced cranial bone regeneration with increased pericyte recruitment. Combined delivery of the proteins might be a therapeutic strategy to repair cranial bone damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuck Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woong Hur
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Bae Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lim SS, Kook SH, Bhattarai G, Cho ES, Seo YK, Lee JC. Local delivery of COMP-angiopoietin 1 accelerates new bone formation in rat calvarial defects. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:2942-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Saeng Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences; Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju South Korea
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research; Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju South Korea
| | - Govinda Bhattarai
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research; Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju South Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research; Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju South Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Dongguk University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences; Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju South Korea
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research; Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju South Korea
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is a vital component of bone healing. The formation of the new blood vessels at the fracture site restores the hypoxia and nutrient deprivation found at the early stages after fracture whilst at a later stage facilitates osteogenesis by the activity of the osteoprogenitor cells. Emerging evidence suggests that there are certain molecules and gene therapies that could promote new blood vessel formation and as a consequence enhance the local bone healing response. This article summarizes the current in vivo evidence on therapeutic approaches aiming at the augmentation of the angiogenic signalling during bone repair.
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Han X, Zhang W, Gu J, Zhao H, Ni L, Han J, Zhou Y, Gu Y, Zhu X, Sun J, Hou X, Yang H, Dai J, Shi Q. Accelerated postero-lateral spinal fusion by collagen scaffolds modified with engineered collagen-binding human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98480. [PMID: 24869484 PMCID: PMC4037187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a potent osteoinductive cytokine that plays a critical role in bone regeneration and repair. However, its distribution and side effects are major barriers to its success as therapeutic treatment. The improvement of therapy using collagen delivery matrices has been reported. To investigate a delivery system on postero-lateral spinal fusion, both engineered human BMP-2 with a collagen binding domain (CBD-BMP-2) and collagen scaffolds were developed and their combination was implanted into Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to study Lumbar 4–5 (L4–L5) posterolateral spine fusion. We divided SD rats into three groups, the sham group (G1, n = 20), the collagen scaffold-treated group (G2, n = 20) and the BMP-2-loaded collagen scaffolds group (G3, n = 20). 16 weeks after surgery, the spines of the rats were evaluated by X-radiographs, high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), manual palpation and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The results showed that spine L4–L5 fusions occurred in G2(40%) and G3(100%) group, while results from the sham group were inconsistent. Moreover, G3 had better results than G2, including higher fusion efficiency (X score, G2 = 2.4±0.163, G3 = 3.0±0, p<0.05), higher bone mineral density (BMD, G2: 0.3337±0.0025g/cm3, G3: 0.4353±0.0234g/cm3. p<0.05) and more bone trabecular formation. The results demonstrated that with site-specific collagen binding domain, a dose of BMP-2 as low as 0.02mg CBD-BMP-2/cm3 collagen scaffold could enhance the posterolateral intertransverse process fusion in rats. It suggested that combination delivery could be an alternative in spine fusion with dramatically decreased side effects caused by high dose of BMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Han
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Orthopedic Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Gu
- Orthopedic Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Ni
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Han
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yannan Gu
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuesong Zhu
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xianglin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (QS); (JD)
| | - Qin Shi
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (QS); (JD)
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Yamaguchi T, Inoue N, Sah RL, Lee YP, Taborek AP, Williams GM, Moseley TA, Bae WC, Masuda K. Micro-computed tomography-based three-dimensional kinematic analysis during lateral bending for spinal fusion assessment in a rat posterolateral lumbar fusion model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 20:578-87. [PMID: 24199634 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF) models have been used to assess the safety and effectiveness of new bone substitutes and osteoinductive growth factors using palpation, radiography, micro-computed tomography (μCT), and histology as standard methods to evaluate spinal fusion. Despite increased numbers of PLF studies involving alternative bone substitutes and growth factors, the quantitative assessment of treatment efficacy during spinal motion has been limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of spinal fusion on lumbar spine segment stability during lateral bending using a μCT-based three-dimensional (3D) kinematic analysis in the rat PLF model. Fourteen athymic male rats underwent PLF surgery at L4/5 and received bone grafts harvested from the ilium and femurs of syngeneic rats (Isograft, n=7) or no graft (Sham, n=7). At 8 weeks after the PLF surgery, spinal fusion was assessed by manual palpation, plain radiography, μCT, and histology. To determine lumbar segmental motions at the operated level during lateral bending, 3D kinematic analysis was performed. The Isograft group, but not the Sham group, showed spinal fusion on manual palpation (6/7), solid fusion mass in radiographs (6/7), as well as bone bridging in μCT and histological images (5/7). Compared to the Sham group, the Isograft group revealed limited 3D lateral bending angular range of motion and lateral translation during lateral bending at the fused segment where disc height narrowing was observed. This μCT-based 3D kinematic analysis can provide a quantitative assessment of spinal fusion in a rat PLF model to complement current gold standard methods used for efficacy assessment of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Yamaguchi
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Park BH, Zhou L, Jang KY, Park HS, Lim JM, Yoon SJ, Lee SY, Kim JR. Enhancement of tibial regeneration in a rat model by adipose-derived stromal cells in a PLGA scaffold. Bone 2012; 51:313-23. [PMID: 22684001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autologous adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are an obvious source of osteogenic cells and can be easily isolated from adipose tissue. We evaluated the potential of ASCs seeded onto a scaffold to heal tibial defects. METHODS Autologous ASCs were obtained from adipose tissue by collagenase digestion. The cells were seeded in three-dimensional poly(lactic)-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds and cultured in osteogenic medium for four weeks. Evidence of osteogenesis was assessed by von Kossa staining in three-dimensional cultures following osteogenic induction. The critical size tibial defects (10mm) were created using a rat model. Defects were either left empty (sham group), treated with a PLGA scaffold alone (PLGA group), or a PLGA/ASC composite (PLGA/ASC group). Using radiologic and histologic analyses, we assessed total bone volume and vascular density. Total RNA was prepared from regenerated bone and analyzed for osteogenic marker gene expression. RESULTS In three-dimensional cultures, the PLGA/ASC composite showed multiple calcified extracellular matrix nodules on von Kossa staining after four weeks of differentiation. Near complete healing was observed between the PLGA/ASC engrafted tibial defects on plain radiographs and micro-CT findings. Total bone volume and mechanical strength were significantly higher in the PLGA/ASC group compared to the sham and PLGA groups. Histologic analysis revealed increased new bone formation along capillaries in the PLGA/ASC group. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of osteogenic genes in the PLGA/ASC group. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the repair of tibial defects was accelerated by implantation of autologous ASCs seeded onto a PLGA scaffold. Therefore, PLGA/ASC is a promising new cell-based therapy for healing critical size tibial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
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RANTES/CCL5-induced pro-angiogenic effects depend on CCR1, CCR5 and glycosaminoglycans. Angiogenesis 2012; 15:727-44. [PMID: 22752444 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-012-9285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis involves angiogenesis and inflammation with the ability of endothelial cells and monocytes to respond to chemokines. We addressed here by in vitro and in vivo approaches, the role of the chemokine Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES)/CCL5 on angiogenesis through its receptors CCR1, CCR5, syndecan-1 (SDC-1), syndecan-4 (SDC-4) and CD-44. Our data demonstrate that RANTES/CCL5 is pro-angiogenic in a rat subcutaneous model. This RANTES/CCL5-activity may be related to the in vitro promotion of endothelial cell migration, spreading and neo-vessel formation. RANTES/CCL5-mediated angiogenesis depends at least partly on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) secretion by endothelial cells, since this effect is decreased when endothelial cells are incubated with anti-VEGF receptor antibodies. RANTES/CCL5-induced chemotaxis is mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-9. We demonstrate that specific receptors of RANTES/CCL5 such as G protein-coupled receptors CCR1 and CCR5, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, SDC-1, SDC-4 or CD-44, play a major role in RANTES/CCL5-induced angiogenic effects. By the use of two RANTES/CCL5 mutants, [E66A]-RANTES/CCL5 with impaired ability to oligomerize, and [44AANA47]-RANTES/CCL5 mutated in the main RANTES/CCL5-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding site, we demonstrate that chemokine oligomerization and binding to GAGs are essential in RANTES/CCL5-induced angiogenic effects. According to these results, new therapeutic strategies based on RANTES/CCL5 can be proposed for neo-angiogenesis after vascular injury. Mutants of RANTES/CCL5 may also represent an innovative approach to prevent the angiogenesis associated with the formation of atherosclerotic plaque.
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Kosacka J, Nowicki M, Klöting N, Kern M, Stumvoll M, Bechmann I, Serke H, Blüher M. COMP-angiopoietin-1 recovers molecular biomarkers of neuropathy and improves vascularisation in sciatic nerve of ob/ob mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32881. [PMID: 22412941 PMCID: PMC3295786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice are a model of type 2 diabetes induced peripheral neuropathy. Ob/ob mice exhibit obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, and alterations of peripheral nerve fibres and endoneural microvessels. Here we test the hypothesis that cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)-Ang-1, a soluble and stabile form of Ang-1 which promotes angiogenesis and nerve growth, improves regeneration of nerve fibres and endoneural microvessels in ob/ob mice. METHODS AND FINDINGS COMP-Ang-1 (100 ng/ml) or NaCl were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected into male (N = 184), 3-month old, ob/ob or ob/+ mice for 7 and 21 days. We measured expression of Nf68, GAP43, Cx32, Cx26, Cx43, and TNFα in sciatic nerves using Western blot analysis. To investigate the inflammation in sciatic nerves, numbers of macrophages and T-cells were counted after immunofluorescence staining. In ultrathin section, number of myelinated/non-mylinated nerve fibers, g-ratio, the thickness of Schwann cell basal lamina and microvessel endothelium were investigated. Endoneural microvessels were reconstructed with intracardial FITC injection. Treatment with COMP-Ang-1 over 21 days significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and plasma cholesterol concentrations compared to saline treated ob/ob mice. In addition, COMP-Ang-1 treatment: 1) up-regulated expression of Nf68 and GAP43; 2) improved expression of gap junction proteins including connexin 32 and 26; 3) suppressed the expression of TNFα and Cx43 and 4) led to decreased macrophage and T-cell infiltration in sciatic nerve of ob/ob mice. The significant changes of sciatic nerve ultrastructure were not observed after 21-day long COMP-Ang-1 treatment. COMP-Ang-1 treated ob/ob mice displayed regeneration of small-diameter endoneural microvessels. Effects of COMP-Ang-1 corresponded to increased phosphorylation of Akt and p38 MAPK upon Tie-2 receptor. CONCLUSIONS COMP-Ang-1 recovers molecular biomarkers of neuropathy, promotes angiogenesis and suppresses inflammation in sciatic nerves of ob/ob mice suggesting COMP-Ang-1 as novel treatment option to improve morphologic and protein expression changes associated with diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kosacka
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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