1
|
Littman J, Yang W, Olansen J, Phornphutkul C, Aaron RK. LRP5, Bone Mass Polymorphisms and Skeletal Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1846. [PMID: 37895195 PMCID: PMC10606254 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation and maintenance of the gross structure and microarchitecture of the human skeleton require the concerted functioning of a plethora of morphogenic signaling processes. Through recent discoveries in the field of genetics, numerous genotypic variants have been implicated in pathologic skeletal phenotypes and disorders arising from the disturbance of one or more of these processes. For example, total loss-of-function variants of LRP5 were found to be the cause of osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG). LRP5 encodes for the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5, a co-receptor in the canonical WNT-β-catenin signaling pathway and a crucial protein involved in the formation and maintenance of homeostasis of the human skeleton. Beyond OPPG, other partial loss-of-function variants of LRP5 have been found to be associated with other low bone mass phenotypes and disorders, while LRP5 gain-of-function variants have been implicated in high bone mass phenotypes. This review introduces the roles that LRP5 plays in skeletal morphogenesis and discusses some of the structural consequences that result from abnormalities in LRP5. A greater understanding of how the LRP5 receptor functions in bone and other body tissues could provide insights into a variety of pathologies and their potential treatments, from osteoporosis and a variety of skeletal abnormalities to congenital disorders that can lead to lifelong disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Littman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wentian Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jon Olansen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Chanika Phornphutkul
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Roy K. Aaron
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lovšin N. Copy Number Variation and Osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:167-172. [PMID: 36795294 PMCID: PMC10105686 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on copy number variations and susceptibility to osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS Osteoporosis is highly influenced by genetic factors, including copy number variations (CNVs). The development and accessibility of whole genome sequencing methods has accelerated the study of CNVs and osteoporosis. Recent findings include mutations in novel genes and validation of previously known pathogenic CNVs in monogenic skeletal diseases. Identification of CNVs in genes previously associated with osteoporosis (e.g. RUNX2, COL1A2, and PLS3) has confirmed their importance in bone remodelling. This process has been associated also with the ETV1-DGKB, AGBL2, ATM, and GPR68 genes, identified by comparative genomic hybridisation microarray studies. Importantly, studies in patients with bone pathologies have associated bone disease with the long non-coding RNA LINC01260 and enhancer sequences residing in the HDAC9 gene. Further functional investigation of genetic loci harbouring CNVs associated with skeletal phenotypes will reveal their role as molecular drivers of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nika Lovšin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chanpaisaeng K, Reyes‐Fernandez PC, Dilkes B, Fleet JC. Diet X Gene Interactions Control Femoral Bone Adaptation To Low Dietary Calcium. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10668. [PMID: 36111202 PMCID: PMC9465001 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krittikan Chanpaisaeng
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Perla C. Reyes‐Fernandez
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy Indiana University ‐ Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Brian Dilkes
- Center for Plant Biology Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
- Department of Biochemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
| | - James C. Fleet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the Dell Pediatric Research Institute University of Texas Austin TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marini F, Giusti F, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML. Genetic Determinants of Inherited Endocrine Tumors: Do They Have a Direct Role in Bone Metabolism Regulation and Osteoporosis? Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081286. [PMID: 34440460 PMCID: PMC8393565 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine tumors are neoplasms originating from specialized hormone-secreting cells. They can develop as sporadic tumors, caused by somatic mutations, or in the context of familial Mendelian inherited diseases. Congenital forms, manifesting as syndromic or non-syndromic diseases, are caused by germinal heterozygote autosomal dominant mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The genetic defect leads to a loss of cell growth control in target endocrine tissues and to tumor development. In addition to the classical cancer manifestations, some affected patients can manifest alterations of bone and mineral metabolism, presenting both as pathognomonic and/or non-specific skeletal clinical features, which can be either secondary complications of endocrine functioning primary tumors and/or a direct consequence of the gene mutation. Here, we specifically review the current knowledge on possible direct roles of the genes that cause inherited endocrine tumors in the regulation of bone modeling and remodeling by exploring functional in vitro and in vivo studies highlighting how some of these genes participate in the regulation of molecular pathways involved in bone and mineral metabolism homeostasis, and by describing the potential direct effects of gene mutations on the development of skeletal and mineral metabolism clinical features in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell’Osso, Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell’Osso, Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, 50141 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2336663
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Trabecular and cortical mandibular bone investigation in familial adenomatous polyposis patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9143. [PMID: 33911117 PMCID: PMC8080795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular cortical and trabecular bone abnormalities in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) were evaluated using dental panoramic radiographs (DPR) radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimension (FD). Sixty DPRs from 15 FAP patients and 45 healthy controls were evaluated. FAP group was composed of 33.3% females and 66.6% males, agemean = 37.2 years (SD 15.79). The non-FAP group was paired by gender and sex. The parameters analyzed were: FD of the trabecular bone in four regions of interest (ROI), mandibular cortical index (MCI) and width (MCW). FD values were lower for the FAP group. Statistically significance differences were shown by ROI 2 and 3 anteriorly to the mental foramen bilaterally, p = 0.001, and p = 0.006. The ROI 1 and 4, at the mandibular angle trabeculae, indicated statistical significances on the right side (p = 0.036) and no differences on the left side (p = 0.091). There was no significant difference in MCI and MCW when the groups were compared, MCW (L) p = 0.247, and MCW (R) p = 0.070. Fractal values of FAP patients' mandibular trabecular bone were lower than healthy controls. The radiomorphometric indices MCI and MCW were not useful for analyzing the cortical bone pattern. Therefore, FD is a promising tool for detection of abnormal bone structure in DPRs and for supporting the appropriate referral of FAP patients.
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang H, Liang S, He K, Hu J, Xu E, Lin T, Meng Y, Zhao J, Ma J, Gao R, Wang C, Yang F, Zhou X. Exome sequencing analysis identifies frequent oligogenic involvement and FLNB variants in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Med Genet 2020; 57:405-413. [PMID: 32381728 PMCID: PMC7279190 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a genetically heterogeneous disease characterised by three-dimensional deformity of the spine in the absence of a congenital spinal anomaly or neurological musculoskeletal disorder. The clinical variability and incomplete penetrance of some genes linked with AIS indicate that this disease constitutes an oligogenic trait. Objective We aimed to explore the oligogenic nature of this disease and identify novel AIS genes. Methods We analysed rare damaging variants within AIS-associated genes by using exome sequencing in 40 AIS trios and 183 sporadic patients. Results Multiple variants within AIS-associated genes were identified in eight AIS trios, and five individuals harboured rare damaging variants in the FLNB gene. The patients showed more frequent oligogenicity than the controls. In the gene-based burden test, the top signal resided in FLNB. In functional studies, we found that the AIS-associated FLNB variants altered the protein’s conformation and subcellular localisation and its interaction with other proteins (TTC26 and OFD1) involved in AIS. The most compelling evidence of an oligogenic basis was that the number of rare damaging variants was recognised as an independent prognostic factor for curve progression in Cox regression analysis. Conclusion Our data indicate that AIS is an oligogenic disease and identify FLNB as a susceptibility gene for AIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shulun Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Enjie Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianquan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shangahi, China.,Department of Cell Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dento-osseous anomalies in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis: A follow-up study. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3501-3511. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
8
|
Sadler B, Haller G, Antunes L, Bledsoe X, Morcuende J, Giampietro P, Raggio C, Miller N, Kidane Y, Wise CA, Amarillo I, Walton N, Seeley M, Johnson D, Jenkins C, Jenkins T, Oetjens M, Tong RS, Druley TE, Dobbs MB, Gurnett CA. Distal chromosome 16p11.2 duplications containing SH2B1 in patients with scoliosis. J Med Genet 2019; 56:427-433. [PMID: 30803986 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common musculoskeletal disorder with strong evidence for a genetic contribution. CNVs play an important role in congenital scoliosis, but their role in idiopathic scoliosis has been largely unexplored. METHODS Exome sequence data from 1197 AIS cases and 1664 in-house controls was analysed using coverage data to identify rare CNVs. CNV calls were filtered to include only highly confident CNVs with >10 average reads per region and mean log-ratio of coverage consistent with single-copy duplication or deletion. The frequency of 55 common recurrent CNVs was determined and correlated with clinical characteristics. RESULTS Distal chromosome 16p11.2 microduplications containing the gene SH2B1 were found in 0.7% of AIS cases (8/1197). We replicated this finding in two additional AIS cohorts (8/1097 and 2/433), resulting in 0.7% (18/2727) of all AIS cases harbouring a chromosome 16p11.2 microduplication, compared with 0.06% of local controls (1/1664) and 0.04% of published controls (8/19584) (p=2.28×10-11, OR=16.15). Furthermore, examination of electronic health records of 92 455 patients from the Geisinger health system showed scoliosis in 30% (20/66) patients with chromosome 16p11.2 microduplications containing SH2B1 compared with 7.6% (10/132) of controls (p=5.6×10-4, OR=3.9). CONCLUSIONS Recurrent distal chromosome 16p11.2 duplications explain nearly 1% of AIS. Distal chromosome 16p11.2 duplications may contribute to scoliosis pathogenesis by directly impairing growth or by altering expression of nearby genes, such as TBX6. Individuals with distal chromosome 16p11.2 microduplications should be screened for scoliosis to facilitate early treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Sadler
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gabe Haller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lilian Antunes
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xavier Bledsoe
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jose Morcuende
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Philip Giampietro
- Department of Genetics, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cathleen Raggio
- Orthopedic Surgery, Pediatrics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Nancy Miller
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado at Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yared Kidane
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Carol A Wise
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ina Amarillo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nephi Walton
- Genomic Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Seeley
- Genomic Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darren Johnson
- Genomic Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Conner Jenkins
- Genomic Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Troy Jenkins
- Genomic Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Oetjens
- Genomic Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R Spencer Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Todd E Druley
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew B Dobbs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christina A Gurnett
- Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saul D, Schilling AF, Kosinsky RL. Intestinal Inflammation and Tumor Burden as Determinants for Bone Fragility in APC-Driven Tumorigenesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:2386-2393. [PMID: 29982480 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths, and tumor-related comorbidities additionally lower life quality and survival. Mutations in the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) are associated with sporadic CRC and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), which results in the growth of multiple intestinal cancer lesions. In some cases, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are additionally observed in CRC patients. Although APC mutations have been shown to increase bone mineral density (BMD), inflammation is associated with reduced BMD and an elevated fracture risk in IBD patients. METHODS To determine the consequences of APC-driven intestinal tumorigenesis and additional inflammation on bone parameters, we utilized an APC1638N/+ mouse model. We treated 1 cohort of APC wild-type and mutant animals with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colorectal inflammation. All mice were killed at the same age and stratified according to their tumor burden. RESULTS As expected, a heterozygous APC mutation increased intestinal tumor numbers and the cortical BMD. This effect on bone was abrogated in mice with high intestinal tumor numbers. Moreover, we found that high tumor burden elevated bone fragility in APC-mutated mice. After DSS treatment, there were no significant changes in bone parameters of control mice. In contrast, in combination with inflammation, bone biomechanical properties severely deteriorated at high tumor burdens in APC1638N/+ animals. CONCLUSIONS Together, not only were bone parameters affected by APC status and inflammation, but also high intestinal tumor numbers, especially when combined with inflammation, were associated with an osteoporotic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Saul
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arndt F Schilling
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robyn Laura Kosinsky
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A novel pathogenic splice acceptor site germline mutation in intron 14 of the APC gene in a Chinese family with familial adenomatous polyposis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21327-21335. [PMID: 28423518 PMCID: PMC5400587 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant precancerous condition, clinically characterized by the presence of multiple colorectal adenomas or polyps. Patients with FAP has a high risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) from these colorectal adenomatous polyps by the mean age of diagnosis at 40 years. Germline mutations of the APC gene cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Colectomy has recommended for the FAP patients with significant polyposis. Here, we present a clinical molecular study of a four generation Chinese family with FAP. Clinical diagnosis of FAP has been done according to the phenotype, family history and medical records. Patient's blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. In order to identify the pathogenic mutation underlying the disease phenotype targeted next-generation sequencing and confirmatory sanger sequencing has undertaken. Targeted next generation sequencing identified a novel heterozygous splice-acceptor site mutation [c.1744-1G>A] in intron 14 of APC gene, which is co-segregated with the FAP phenotypes in the proband and amongst all the affected family members. This mutation is not present in unaffected family members and in normal healthy controls of same ethnic origin. According to the LOVD database for Chinese colorectal cancer patients, in Chinese population, 60% of the previously reported APC gene mutations causes FAP, are missense mutations. This novel splice-acceptor site mutation causing FAP in this Chinese family expands the germline mutation spectrum of the APC gene in the Chinese population.
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Q, Li X, Li S, Qu S, Wang Y, Tang Q, Ma H, Luo Y. Three novel mutations of APC gene in Chinese patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11421-7. [PMID: 27000756 PMCID: PMC4999466 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of hundreds to thousands of colonic adenomas and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), encoding a large multidomain protein involved in antagonizing the Wnt signaling pathway, has been identified as the main causative gene responsible for FAP. In this study, we identified three novel mutations as well as two recurrent mutations in the APC in five Chinese FAP families by sequencing. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that among these mutations, a nonsense mutation (c.2510C>G) and two small deletions (c.2016_2047del, c.3180_3184del) led to the truncation of the APC protein and the cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in the colorectal samples from affected individuals, respectively. Our study expands the database on mutations of APC and provides evidence to understand the function of APC in FAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, MOH Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Sen Li
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, MOH Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Shengqiang Qu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, MOH Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, MOH Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Qingzhu Tang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, MOH Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Developing Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yang Luo
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, MOH Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Radke DW, Lee C. Adaptive potential of genomic structural variation in human and mammalian evolution. Brief Funct Genomics 2015; 14:358-68. [PMID: 26003631 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elv019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Because phenotypic innovations must be genetically heritable for biological evolution to proceed, it is natural to consider new mutation events as well as standing genetic variation as sources for their birth. Previous research has identified a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms that underlie a subset of adaptive traits in organisms. However, another well-known class of variation, genomic structural variation, could have even greater potential to produce adaptive phenotypes, due to the variety of possible types of alterations (deletions, insertions, duplications, among others) at different genomic positions and with variable lengths. It is from these dramatic genomic alterations, and selection on their phenotypic consequences, that adaptations leading to biological diversification could be derived. In this review, using studies in humans and other mammals, we highlight examples of how phenotypic variation from structural variants might become adaptive in populations and potentially enable biological diversification. Phenotypic change arising from structural variants will be described according to their immediate effect on organismal metabolic processes, immunological response and physical features. Study of population dynamics of segregating structural variation can therefore provide a window into understanding current and historical biological diversification.
Collapse
|
13
|
Are copy number variants associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014; 472:3216-25. [PMID: 25005481 PMCID: PMC4160470 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-014-3766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex genetic disorder that causes spinal deformity in approximately 3% of the population. Candidate gene, linkage, and genome-wide association studies have sought to identify genetic variation that predisposes individuals to AIS, but the genetic basis remains unclear. Copy number variants are associated with several isolated skeletal phenotypes, but their role in AIS, to our knowledge, has not been assessed. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We determined the frequency of recurrent copy number rearrangements, chromosome aneuploidy, and rare copy number variants in patients with AIS. METHODS Between January 2010 and August 2014, we evaluated 150 patients with isolated AIS and spinal curvatures measuring 10° or greater, and 148 agreed to participate. Genomic copy number analysis was performed on patients and 1079 control subjects using the Affymetrix(®) Genome-wide Human SNP Array 6.0. After removing poor quality samples, 143 (97%) patients with AIS were evaluated for copy number variation. RESULTS We identified a duplication of chromosome 1q21.1 in 2.1% (N = 3/143) of patients with AIS, which was enriched compared with 0.09% (N = 1/1079) of control subjects (p = 0.0057) and 0.07% (N = 6/8329) of a large published control cohort (p = 0.0004). Other notable findings include trisomy X, which was identified in 1.8% (N = 2/114) of female patients with AIS, and rearrangements of chromosome 15q11.2 and 16p11.2 that previously have been associated with spinal phenotypes. Finally, we report rare copy number variants that will be useful in future studies investigating candidate genes for AIS. CONCLUSIONS Copy number variation and chromosomal aneuploidy may contribute to the pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Chromosomal microarray may reveal clinically useful abnormalities in some patients with AIS.
Collapse
|
14
|
Genome-wide copy number variation study reveals KCNIP1 as a modulator of insulin secretion. Genomics 2014; 104:113-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
15
|
APC gene copy number significantly associated with bone mineral density in humans. BONEKEY REPORTS 2013; 2:264. [PMID: 24404379 PMCID: PMC3722723 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2012.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
|