1
|
Yuan J, Li J, Du S, Wen Y, Wang Y, Lang YF, Wu R, Yan QG, Zhao S, Huang X, Zhao Q, Cao SJ. Revealing the lethal effects of Pasteurella multocida toxin on multiple organ systems. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1459124. [PMID: 39257615 PMCID: PMC11385013 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1459124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is one of the most important virulence factors of Pasteurella multocida type D. Pasteurella multocida infection has caused enormous economic losses in the pig farming industry. Although it is well known that this bacterial infection causes progressive atrophic rhinitis, its effects on other organ tissues in pigs are unclear. In this study, PMT was expressed and purified, and the cytotoxic effects of PMT on four types of swine cells, LLC-PK1, PAM, IPEC, and ST, were investigated. LLC-PK1 exhibited the highest sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of PMT. Our studies revealed that a PMT concentration of 0.1 μg/kg can lead to weight loss, whereas a PMT concentration of 0.5 μg/kg can lead to death in mice. PMT causes damage to the intestines, kidneys, lungs, livers, and spleens of mice. Furthermore, PMT caused acute death in pigs at treatment concentrations greater than 5 μg/kg; at PMT concentration of 2.5 μg/kg, weight loss occurred until death. PMT mainly caused damage to the hearts, lungs, livers, spleens and kidneys of pigs. The organ coefficient showed that damage to the heart and kidneys was the most severe and caused the renal pelvis and renal pyramid to dissolve and become cavitated. Pathology revealed hemorrhage in the lungs, liver, and spleen, and the kidneys were swollen and vacuolated, which was consistent with the damaged target organs in the mice. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that PMT is extremely toxic in vitro and in vivo, causing damage to various organs of the body, especially the kidneys and lungs. This study provides a theoretical basis for the in-depth exploration of the cytotoxic effects of PMT on target organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Yuan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Fei Lang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi-Gui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - San-Jie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan J, Zhao Q, Li J, Wen Y, Wu R, Zhao S, Lang YF, Yan QG, Huang X, Du S, Cao SJ. CXCL8 Knockout: A Key to Resisting Pasteurella multocida Toxin-Induced Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5330. [PMID: 38791369 PMCID: PMC11121343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida, a zoonotic pathogen that produces a 146-kDa modular toxin (PMT), causes progressive atrophic rhinitis with severe turbinate bone degradation in pigs. However, its mechanism of cytotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we expressed PMT, purified it in a prokaryotic expression system, and found that it killed PK15 cells. The host factor CXCL8 was significantly upregulated among the differentially expressed genes in a transcriptome sequencing analysis and qPCR verification. We constructed a CXCL8-knockout cell line with a CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that CXCL8 knockout significantly increased resistance to PMT-induced cell apoptosis. CXCL8 knockout impaired the cleavage efficiency of apoptosis-related proteins, including Caspase3, Caspase8, and PARP1, as demonstrated with Western blot. In conclusion, these findings establish that CXCL8 facilitates PMT-induced PK15 cell death, which involves apoptotic pathways; this observation documents that CXCL8 plays a key role in PMT-induced PK15 cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Yuan
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi-Fei Lang
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi-Gui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - San-Jie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kubatzky KF. Pasteurella multocida toxin - lessons learned from a mitogenic toxin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058905. [PMID: 36591313 PMCID: PMC9800868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gram-negative, zoonotic bacterium Pasteurella multocida was discovered in 1880 and found to be the causative pathogen of fowl cholera. Pasteurella-related diseases can be found in domestic and wild life animals such as buffalo, sheep, goat, deer and antelope, cats, dogs and tigers and cause hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle, rhinitis or pneumonia in rabbits or fowl cholera in poultry and birds. Pasteurella multocida does not play a major role in the immune-competent human host, but can be found after animal bites or in people with close contact to animals. Toxigenic strains are most commonly found in pigs and express a phage-encoded 146 kDa protein, the Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT). Toxin-expressing strains cause atrophic rhinitis where nasal turbinate bones are destroyed through the inhibition of bone building osteoblasts and the activation of bone resorbing osteoclasts. After its uptake through receptor-mediated endocytosis, PMT specifically targets the alpha subunit of several heterotrimeric G proteins and constitutively activates them through deamidation of a glutamine residue to glutamate in the alpha subunit. This results in cytoskeletal rearrangement, proliferation, differentiation and survival of cells. Because of the toxin's mitogenic effects, it was suggested that it might have carcinogenic properties, however, no link between Pasteurella infections and cell transformation could be established, neither in tissue culture models nor through epidemiological data. In the recent years it was shown that the toxin not only affects bone, but also the heart as well as basically all cells of innate and adaptive immunity. During the last decade the focus of research shifted from signal transduction processes to understanding how the bacteria might benefit from a bone-destroying toxin. The primary function of PMT seems to be the modulation of immune cell activation which at the same time creates an environment permissive for osteoclast formation. While the disease is restricted to pigs, the implications of the findings from PMT research can be used to explore human diseases and have a high translational potential. In this review our current knowledge will be summarized and it will be discussed what can be learned from using PMT as a tool to understand human pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina F. Kubatzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pasteurella multocida Toxin Aggravates Ligatured-Induced Periodontal Bone Loss and Inflammation via NOD-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasome. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3305695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is reportedly involved in periodontal pathogenesis. Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is the major virulence factor of Pasteurella multocida strains, which belongs to the nonoral gram-negative facultative rods (GNFR). The existence of GNFR and their toxin may aggravate periodontitis. Therefore, it is important to unclose the regulatory mechanisms of PMT in periodontitis. However, the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and PMT in periodontitis remain unclear. The results showed that NLRP3 expression was increased in periodontitis mice by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Nlrp3-/- mice showed less periodontal bone loss and lower abundances of Pasteurella multocida by 16S rRNA sequencing. PMT promoted NLRP3 expressions by activating nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of B cells (NF-κB) pathway and activated NLRP3 inflammasome. This effect was reversed by NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. Furthermore, PMT aggravated periodontal bone loss and inflammation in WT mice, while MCC950 attenuated periodontal bone loss and inflammation. The Nlrp3-/- periodontitis models with PMT local injection showed less bone loss and inflammation compared with WT periodontitis mice after PMT treatment. Taken together, our results showed that PMT aggravates periodontal response to the ligature by promoting NLRP3 expression and activating NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting that NLRP3 may be an effective target for the treatment of periodontitis caused by GNFR and MCC950 may be a potential drug against this disease.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sugii H, Albougha MS, Adachi O, Tomita H, Tomokiyo A, Hamano S, Hasegawa D, Yoshida S, Itoyama T, Maeda H. Activin A Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts through the ALK1-Smad1/5/9 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13491. [PMID: 34948289 PMCID: PMC8704413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin A, a member of transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is involved in the regulation of cellular differentiation and promotes tissue healing. Previously, we reported that expression of activin A was upregulated around the damaged periodontal tissue including periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue and alveolar bone, and activin A promoted PDL-related gene expression of human PDL cells (HPDLCs). However, little is known about the biological function of activin A in alveolar bone. Thus, this study analyzed activin A-induced biological functions in preosteoblasts (Saos2 cells). Activin A promoted osteoblastic differentiation of Saos2 cells. Activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 1, an activin type I receptor, was more strongly expressed in Saos2 cells than in HPDLCs, and knockdown of ALK1 inhibited activin A-induced osteoblastic differentiation of Saos2 cells. Expression of ALK1 was upregulated in alveolar bone around damaged periodontal tissue when compared with a nondamaged site. Furthermore, activin A promoted phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9 during osteoblastic differentiation of Saos2 cells and knockdown of ALK1 inhibited activin A-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9 in Saos2 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that activin A promotes osteoblastic differentiation of preosteoblasts through the ALK1-Smad1/5/9 pathway and could be used as a therapeutic product for the healing of alveolar bone as well as PDL tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Sugii
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Mhd Safwan Albougha
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Orie Adachi
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Hiroka Tomita
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Sayuri Hamano
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
- OBT Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daigaku Hasegawa
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Shinichiro Yoshida
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Tomohiro Itoyama
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hermes C, König GM, Crüsemann M. The chromodepsins - chemistry, biology and biosynthesis of a selective Gq inhibitor natural product family. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:2276-2292. [PMID: 33998635 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to April 2021The bacterial cyclic depsipeptides FR900359 (FR) and YM-254890 (YM) were shown to selectively inhibit Gαq proteins with high potency and selectivity and have recently emerged as valuable pharmacological tools due to their effective mechanism of action. Here, we summarize important aspects of this small and specialized natural product family, for which we propose the name chromodepsins, starting from their discovery, producing organisms and structural variety. We then review biosynthesis, structure-activity relationships and ecological and evolutionary aspects of the chromodepsins. Lastly, we discuss their mechanism of action, potential medicinal applications and future opportunities and challenges for further use and development of these complex inhibitor molecules from nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Hermes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Max Crüsemann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patt J, Alenfelder J, Pfeil EM, Voss JH, Merten N, Eryilmaz F, Heycke N, Rick U, Inoue A, Kehraus S, Deupi X, Müller CE, König GM, Crüsemann M, Kostenis E. An experimental strategy to probe Gq contribution to signal transduction in living cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100472. [PMID: 33639168 PMCID: PMC8024710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G protein subunits Gαq and Gα11 are inhibited by two cyclic depsipeptides, FR900359 (FR) and YM-254890 (YM), both of which are being used widely to implicate Gq/11 proteins in the regulation of diverse biological processes. An emerging major research question therefore is whether the cellular effects of both inhibitors are on-target, that is, mediated via specific inhibition of Gq/11 proteins, or off-target, that is, the result of nonspecific interactions with other proteins. Here we introduce a versatile experimental strategy to discriminate between these possibilities. We developed a Gαq variant with preserved catalytic activity, but refractory to FR/YM inhibition. A minimum of two amino acid changes were required and sufficient to achieve complete inhibitor resistance. We characterized the novel mutant in HEK293 cells depleted by CRISPR–Cas9 of endogenous Gαq and Gα11 to ensure precise control over the Gα-dependent cellular signaling route. Using a battery of cellular outcomes with known and concealed Gq contribution, we found that FR/YM specifically inhibited cellular signals after Gαq introduction via transient transfection. Conversely, both inhibitors were inert across all assays in cells expressing the drug-resistant variant. These findings eliminate the possibility that inhibition of non-Gq proteins contributes to the cellular effects of the two depsipeptides. We conclude that combined application of FR or YM along with the drug-resistant Gαq variant is a powerful in vitro strategy to discern on-target Gq against off-target non-Gq action. Consequently, it should be of high value for uncovering Gq input to complex biological processes with high accuracy and the requisite specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Patt
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Alenfelder
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Marie Pfeil
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Hendrik Voss
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Merten
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Funda Eryilmaz
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Heycke
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Uli Rick
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xavier Deupi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research and Condensed Matter Theory Group, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Crüsemann
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Ruiter RD, Smilde BJ, Pals G, Bravenboer N, Knaus P, Schoenmaker T, Botman E, Sánchez-Duffhues G, Pacifici M, Pignolo RJ, Shore EM, van Egmond M, Van Oosterwyck H, Kaplan FS, Hsiao EC, Yu PB, Bocciardi R, De Cunto CL, Longo Ribeiro Delai P, de Vries TJ, Hilderbrandt S, Jaspers RT, Keen R, Koolwijk P, Morhart R, Netelenbos JC, Rustemeyer T, Scott C, Stockklausner C, ten Dijke P, Triffit J, Ventura F, Ravazzolo R, Micha D, Eekhoff EMW. Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: What Have We Achieved and Where Are We Now? Follow-up to the 2015 Lorentz Workshop. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:732728. [PMID: 34858325 PMCID: PMC8631510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.732728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare progressive genetic disease effecting one in a million individuals. During their life, patients with FOP progressively develop bone in the soft tissues resulting in increasing immobility and early death. A mutation in the ACVR1 gene was identified as the causative mutation of FOP in 2006. After this, the pathophysiology of FOP has been further elucidated through the efforts of research groups worldwide. In 2015, a workshop was held to gather these groups and discuss the new challenges in FOP research. Here we present an overview and update on these topics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben D. de Ruiter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ruben D. de Ruiter, ; Elisabeth M. W. Eekhoff,
| | - Bernard J. Smilde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pals
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Bone Histomorphology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Petra Knaus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esmée Botman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Abramson Research Center, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Eileen M. Shore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Genetics, and the Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans Van Oosterwyck
- Division of Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus division of skeletal tissue engineering, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederick S. Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Edward C. Hsiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and the Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Paul B. Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Renata Bocciardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Carmen Laura De Cunto
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Teun J. de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Hilderbrandt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard Keen
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Disease, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Koolwijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rolf Morhart
- Department of Pediatrics, Garmisch-Partenkichen Medical Center, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Jan C. Netelenbos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AmsterdamUMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Scott
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Departmet of Paediatrics and Child Heath, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clemens Stockklausner
- Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - James Triffit
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departamento de Cièncias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Ravazzolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Bone Histomorphology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. W. Eekhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ruben D. de Ruiter, ; Elisabeth M. W. Eekhoff,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are the core upstream elements that transduce and amplify the cellular signals from G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to intracellular effectors. GPCRs are the largest family of membrane proteins encoded in the human genome and are the targets of about one-third of prescription medicines. However, to date, no single therapeutic agent exerts its effects via perturbing heterotrimeric G protein function, despite a plethora of evidence linking G protein malfunction to human disease. Several recent studies have brought to light that the Gq family-specific inhibitor FR900359 (FR) is unexpectedly efficacious in silencing the signaling of Gq oncoproteins, mutant Gq variants that mostly exist in the active state. These data not only raise the hope that researchers working in drug discovery may be able to potentially strike Gq oncoproteins from the list of undruggable targets, but also raise questions as to how FR achieves its therapeutic effect. Here, we place emphasis on these recent studies and explain why they expand our pharmacological armamentarium for targeting Gq protein oncogenes as well as broaden our mechanistic understanding of Gq protein oncogene function. We also highlight how this novel insight impacts the significance and utility of using G(q) proteins as targets in drug discovery efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evi Kostenis
- Section of Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Eva Marie Pfeil
- Section of Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Suvi Annala
- Section of Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|