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Soleimani K, Ghasemloonia A, Sudak L. Influence of interstitial fluid pressure, porosity, loading magnitude, and anisotropy in cortical bone adaptation. Comput Biol Med 2024; 181:109026. [PMID: 39168016 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive elasticity in cortical bone has traditionally been modeled using Strain Energy Density (SED). Recent studies have highlighted the importance of interstitial fluid in bone adaptation, yet no research has quantified the role of interstitial fluid pressure and its effects, specifically incorporating both SED and interstitial fluid pressure in the adaptation process. This study introduces a novel formulation combining theory of porous media and theory of adaptive elasticity that considers both SED and interstitial fluid's pressure in cortical bone adaptation. The formulation is solved using ANSYS Fluent and a MATLAB script, and sensitivity analyses were conducted, analyzing various porosities, loading magnitudes, anisotropic properties of cortical bone, and involvement coefficients of interstitial fluid's pressure. This study reveals that bones with different vascular porosities (PV) tend to achieve similar density distributions under uniform loading over time. This highlights the significant role of interstitial fluid pressure in accelerating the convergence to optimal bone properties, especially in specimens with larger PV porosities. The findings emphasize the importance of fluid pressure in bone remodeling, aligning with previous studies. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that considering transversely isotropic material properties can significantly alter the remodeling configuration compared to isotropic material properties. This highlights the importance of accurately representing the anisotropic nature of cortical bone in models to better predict its adaptive responses. However, aspects such as fluid density variations and bone geometry changes remain unexplored, suggesting directions for future research. Overall, this research enhances the understanding of cortical bone adaptation and its mechanical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Soleimani
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - A Ghasemloonia
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - L Sudak
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Young LA, Munro E, Somanchi P, Bemis A, Smith SM, Shefelbine SJ. Analysis of bone structure in PEROMYSCUS: Effects of burrowing behavior. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38850161 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
We compare the effects of burrowing behavior on appendicular bone structure in two Peromyscus (deer mouse) species. P. polionotus creates complex burrows in their territories, while P. eremicus is a non-burrowing nesting mouse. We examined museum specimens' bones of wild-caught mice of the two species and lab-reared P. polionotus not given the opportunity to burrow. Bones were scanned using micro-computed tomography, and cortical and trabecular bone structural properties were quantified. Wild P. polionotus mice had a larger moment of area in the ulnar and tibial cortical bone compared with their lab-reared counterparts, suggesting developmental adaptation to bending resistance. Wild P. polionotus had a larger normalized second moment of area and cross-sectional area in the tibia compared with P. eremicus. Tibial trabecular analysis showed lower trabecular thickness and spacing in wild P. polionotus than in P. eremicus and femoral analysis showed wild P. polionotus had lower thickness than P. eremicus and lower spacing than lab-reared P. polionotus, suggesting adaptation to high loads from digging. Results lay the groundwork for future exploration of the ontogenetic and evolutionary basis of mechanoadaptation in Peromyscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Young
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emma Munro
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priya Somanchi
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abigail Bemis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sandra J Shefelbine
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang J, Ishimoto T, Matsuzaka T, Matsugaki A, Ozasa R, Matsumoto T, Hayashi M, Kim HS, Nakano T. Adaptive enhancement of apatite crystal orientation and Young's modulus under elevated load in rat ulnar cortical bone. Bone 2024; 181:117024. [PMID: 38266952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Functional adaptation refers to the active modification of bone structure according to the mechanical loads applied daily to maintain its mechanical integrity and adapt to the environment. Functional adaptation relates to bone mass, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone morphology (e.g., trabecular bone architecture). In this study, we discovered for the first time that another form of bone functional adaptation of a cortical bone involves a change in bone quality determined by the preferential orientation of apatite nano-crystallite, a key component of the bone. An in vivo rat ulnar axial loading model was adopted, to which a 3-15 N compressive load was applied, resulting in approximately 440-3200 μɛ of compression in the bone surface. In the loaded ulnae, the degree of preferential apatite c-axis orientation along the ulnar long axis increased in a dose-dependent manner up to 13 N, whereas the increase in BMD was not dose-dependent. The Young's modulus along the same direction was enhanced as a function of the degree of apatite orientation. This finding indicates that bone has a mechanism that modifies the directionality (anisotropy) of its microstructure, strengthening itself specifically in the loaded direction. BMD, a scalar quantity, does not allow for load-direction-specific strengthening. Functional adaptation through changes in apatite orientation is an excellent strategy for bones to efficiently change their strength in response to external loading, which is mostly anisotropic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Aluminium Research Center, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Tadaaki Matsuzaka
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Aira Matsugaki
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Ozasa
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hyoung Seop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Bone adapts structure and material properties in response to its mechanical environment, a process called mechanoadpatation. For the past 50 years, finite element modeling has been used to investigate the relationships between bone geometry, material properties, and mechanical loading conditions. This review examines how we use finite element modeling in the context of bone mechanoadpatation. RECENT FINDINGS Finite element models estimate complex mechanical stimuli at the tissue and cellular levels, help explain experimental results, and inform the design of loading protocols and prosthetics. FE modeling is a powerful tool to study bone adaptation as it complements experimental approaches. Before using FE models, researchers should determine whether simulation results will provide complementary information to experimental or clinical observations and should establish the level of complexity required. As imaging technics and computational capacity continue increasing, we expect FE models to help in designing treatments of bone pathologies that take advantage of mechanoadaptation of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin A Meslier
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 334 Snell, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra J Shefelbine
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 334 Snell, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 334 Snell, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA.
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