1
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Pym D, Davies AJ, Williams JO, Saunders C, George CE, James PE. Small volume platelet concentrates for neonatal use are more susceptible to shear-induced storage lesion. Platelets 2024; 35:2389967. [PMID: 39169763 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2389967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The impact of the biophysical environment on the platelet storage lesion (PSL) has mainly focused on reduced temperature storage, overlooking the significance of storage-induced shear stress. Shear stress in platelet storage refers to the frictional force acting parallel to the bag surface and exists solely through the implementation of agitation. This study investigates whether minimizing exposure to agitation-induced shear stress can alleviate the unexplained loss of function in stored platelet concentrates for neonatal transfusion (neonatal PCs). Using particle tracking analysis, fluid motion was measured in neonatal and adult platelet storage bags under agitation frequencies ranging from 20-60 rpm. Platelets stored at 20-60 rpm agitation over 8 days were examined by biochemical analysis, aggregation, and expression of activation markers. Results indicate that neonatal PCs experience significantly higher storage-induced shear stress compared to adult doses, leading to reduced functionality and increased activation from day 2 of storage. Adjusting the neonatal PC agitation frequency to 20 rpm improved functionality in early storage, while 40 rpm maintains this improvement throughout storage with reduced activation, compared to 60 rpm storage. This study confirms that small volume PC storage for neonatal use contributes to the PSL through the induction of shear stress, suggesting further evaluation of the recommended agitation frequency for neonatal PCs or postponement of the production of neonatal PCs until requested for neonatal transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Pym
- Centre of Cardiovascular Health and Ageing, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
- Welsh Blood Service, Component Development and Research Laboratory, Pontyclun, Wales, UK
| | - Amanda J Davies
- Centre of Cardiovascular Health and Ageing, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Jessica O Williams
- Centre of Cardiovascular Health and Ageing, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Christine Saunders
- Welsh Blood Service, Component Development and Research Laboratory, Pontyclun, Wales, UK
| | - Chloë E George
- Welsh Blood Service, Component Development and Research Laboratory, Pontyclun, Wales, UK
| | - Philip E James
- Centre of Cardiovascular Health and Ageing, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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2
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Hao Y, Tersteeg C, Hoekstra AG, Závodszky G. The effect of flow-derived mechanical cues on the growth and morphology of platelet aggregates under low, medium, and high shear rates. Comput Biol Med 2024; 180:109010. [PMID: 39159545 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Platelet aggregation is a dynamic process that can obstruct blood flow, leading to cardiovascular diseases. While many studies have demonstrated clear connections between shear rate and platelet aggregation, the impact of flow-derived mechanical signals on this process is not fully understood. The objective of this work is to investigate the role of flow conditions on platelet aggregation dynamics, including effects on growth, shape, density composition, and their potential correlation with binding processes that are characterised by longer (e.g., via αIIbβ3 integrin) and shorter (e.g., via VWF) initial binding times. In vitro blood perfusion experiments were conducted at wall shear rates of 800, 1600 and 4000 s-1. Detailed analysis of two modalities of experimental images was performed to offer insights into the morphology of platelet aggregates. A consistent structural pattern was observed across all samples: a high-density core enveloped by a low-density outer shell. An image-based 3D computational blood flow model was subsequently employed to study the local flow conditions, including binding availability time and flow-derived mechanical signals via shear rate and rate of elongation. The results show substantial dependence of the aggregation dynamics on these flow parameters. We found that the different binding mechanisms that prefer different flow regimes do not have a monotonic cross-over in efficiency as the flow increases. There is a significant dip in the cumulative aggregation potential in-between the preferred regimes. The results suggest that treatments targeting the biomechanical pathways could benefit from creating conditions that exploit these low-efficiency zones of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hao
- Computational Science Lab, Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Tersteeg
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Alfons G Hoekstra
- Computational Science Lab, Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gábor Závodszky
- Computational Science Lab, Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
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3
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Djordjevic A, Jovicic V, Lazovic D, Terzic D, Gacic J, Petrovic M, Matejic A, Salovic B, Radovic I, Jesic-Petrovic T, Ristic A, Soldatovic I. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome and post-operative drainage: a comparison of patients with aortic stenosis versus coronary artery disease. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 72:512-518. [PMID: 38280130 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-023-02007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Degenerative aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease are considered to be the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases in industrialized countries. This study aims to determine the change over time in von Willebrand factor antigen, von Willebrand factor activity, and factor VIII and where there is a correlation with total post-operative drainage. METHODS The single-center retrospective study included 203 consecutive patients (64.5% male), undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery between March 1, 2019 and June 30, 2020 at the University Clinical Center of Serbia in the Clinic for Cardiac Surgery in Belgrade, Serbia. All patients 18 years or older who presented with isolated, hemodynamically significant aortic stenosis were included. The control group consisted of patients who presented with only coronary artery disease. RESULTS Between patients with only coronary artery disease and patients with coronary artery diseases and aortic stenosis, there was a statistically significant difference between pre-op and 1-month post-op fibrinogen, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor antigen, and von Willebrand factor (p < 0.001), post-op drainage, with overall lower drainage in coronary artery disease patients, and consistent increase in von Willebrand factor antigen, von Willebrand factor activity, and Factor VIII post-operatively in patients with coronary artery diseases and aortic stenosis. CONCLUSION This study has shown that there is a correlation between von Willebrand factor antigen, von Willebrand factor activity and total drainage to the level of statistical significance in aortic stenosis patients and in the overall study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Djordjevic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jovicic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Lazovic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusko Terzic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Gacic
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Masa Petrovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića Starijeg 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandar Matejic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića Starijeg 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Orthopedic Surgery "Banjica", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Salovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića Starijeg 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Radovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića Starijeg 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Blood and Transfusion Institute of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jesic-Petrovic
- Public Primary Health Care Center Doboj, Doboj, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Arsen Ristic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Soldatovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića Starijeg 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wagner MS, Kranz M, Krenkel L, Pointner D, Foltan M, Lubnow M, Lehle K. Computer based visualization of clot structures in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and histological clot investigations for understanding thrombosis in membrane lungs. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1416319. [PMID: 38962744 PMCID: PMC11219572 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1416319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was established as a treatment for severe cardiac or respiratory disease. Intra-device clot formation is a common risk. This is based on complex coagulation phenomena which are not yet sufficiently understood. The objective was the development and validation of a methodology to capture the key properties of clots deposed in membrane lungs (MLs), such as clot size, distribution, burden, and composition. One end-of-therapy PLS ML was examined. Clot detection was performed using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), microcomputed tomography (μCT), and photography of fiber mats (fiber mat imaging, FMI). Histological staining was conducted for von Willebrand factor (vWF), platelets (CD42b, CD62P), fibrin, and nucleated cells (4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, DAPI). The three imaging methods showed similar clot distribution inside the ML. Independent of the imaging method, clot loading was detected predominantly in the inlet chamber of the ML. The μCT had the highest accuracy. However, it was more expensive and time consuming than MDCT or FMI. The MDCT detected the clots with low scanning time. Due to its lower resolution, it only showed clotted areas but not the exact shape of clot structures. FMI represented the simplest variant, requiring little effort and resources. FMI allowed clot localization and calculation of clot volume. Histological evaluation indicated omnipresent immunological deposits throughout the ML. Visually clot-free areas were covered with leukocytes and platelets forming platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs). Cells were embedded in vWF cobwebs, while vWF fibers were negligible. In conclusion, the presented methodology allowed adequate clot identification and histological classification of possible thrombosis markers such as PLAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Wagner
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kranz
- Department of Biofluid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Applied Sciences (OTH) Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering, Facility of University Regensburg and Technical University of Applied Sciences (OTH) Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars Krenkel
- Department of Biofluid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Applied Sciences (OTH) Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering, Facility of University Regensburg and Technical University of Applied Sciences (OTH) Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Pointner
- Department of Biofluid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Applied Sciences (OTH) Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering, Facility of University Regensburg and Technical University of Applied Sciences (OTH) Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maik Foltan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lubnow
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karla Lehle
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Ferreira G, Taylor A, Mensah SA. Deciphering the triad of endothelial glycocalyx, von Willebrand Factor, and P-selectin in inflammation-induced coagulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1372355. [PMID: 38745860 PMCID: PMC11091309 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1372355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines the endothelial glycocalyx's role in inflammation and explores its involvement in coagulation. The glycocalyx, composed of proteins and glycosaminoglycans, interacts with von Willebrand Factor and could play a crucial role in anchoring it to the endothelium. In inflammatory conditions, glycocalyx degradation may leave P-selectin as the only attachment point for von Willebrand Factor, potentially leading to uncontrolled release of ultralong von Willebrand Factor in the bulk flow in a shear stress-dependent manner. Identifying specific glycocalyx glycosaminoglycan interactions with von Willebrand Factor and P-selectin can offer insights into unexplored coagulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guinevere Ferreira
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Alexandra Taylor
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Solomon A. Mensah
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
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6
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Liu X, Wang B, Chang M, Zhang X, Zou H, Zhang Z, Han G. USP12 regulates ER stress-associated osteogenesis in human periodontal ligament cells under tension stress. Cell Signal 2024; 114:111015. [PMID: 38113977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The bone formation (osteogenesis) of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under tension stress is essential for alveolar bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) remove ubiquitin from target proteins, affecting their function and mediating cell survival and differentiation. However, whether and how DUBs regulate hPDLC function under tension force is poorly understood. In this study, we first investigated the expression of DUBs in hPDLCs under cyclic tension stimulation (CTS). Up-regulation of USP12 was observed in hPDLCs and at the tension side of molar teeth in OTM C57BL6 mice models. Knockdown (KD) of USP12 led to enhanced osteogenesis of hPDLCs under CTS. RNA-seq analysis suggested that the unfolded protein response (UPR) was the prevailing biological process in hPDLCs with USP12 KD, indicating that USP12 depletion triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The three major UPR-related signaling branches, namely PERK/eIF2α/ATF4, IRE1α/XBP1s, and ATF6 axis, were activated in hPDLCs with USP12 KD. By utilizing specific inhibitors, we proved that the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 axis predominantly mediated the enhanced osteogenesis in hPDLCs with USP12 KD under CTS. In summary, our study demonstrates that USP12 serves as a key regulator for CTS-induced osteogenesis in hPDLCs, suggesting that USP12 upregulation serves as an adaptive mechanism for hPDLCs to alleviate ER stress during OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beike Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, China; Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Maolin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, China; Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaocen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, China; Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, China; Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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7
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Moino C, Artusio F, Pisano R. Shear stress as a driver of degradation for protein-based therapeutics: More accomplice than culprit. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123679. [PMID: 38065348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Protein degradation is a major concern for protein-based therapeutics. It may alter the biological activity of the product and raise the potential for undesirable effects on the patients. Among the numerous drivers of protein degradation, shear stress has been the focus around which much work has revolved since the 1970s. In the pharmaceutical realm, the product is often processed through several unit operations, which include mixing, pumping, filtration, filling, and atomization. Nonetheless, the drug might be exposed to significant shear stresses, which might cooperatively contribute to product degradation, together with interfacial stress. This review presents fundamentals of shear stress about protein structure, followed by an overview of the drivers of product degradation. The impact of shear stress on protein stability in different unit operations is then presented, and recommendations for limiting the adverse effects on the biopharmaceutical formulations are outlined. Finally, several devices used to explore the effects of shear stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Moino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Fiora Artusio
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Roberto Pisano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino 10129, Italy.
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8
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Mediwaththe A, Huppertz T, Chandrapala J, Vasiljevic T. Effect of Protein Content on Heat Stability of Reconstituted Milk Protein Concentrate under Controlled Shearing. Foods 2024; 13:263. [PMID: 38254564 PMCID: PMC10815205 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk protein concentrates (MPCs) possess significant potential for diverse applications in the food industry. However, their heat stability may be a limitation to achieving optimal functional performance. Shearing, an inherent process in food manufacturing, can also influence the functionality of proteins. The aim of this research was to examine the heat stability of reconstituted MPCs prepared at two protein concentrations (4% and 8% w/w protein) when subjected to varying levels of shearing (100, 1000, or 1500 s-1) during heating at 90 °C for 5 min or 121 °C for 2.6 min. While the impact of shear was relatively minor at 4% protein, it was more pronounced in 8% protein MPC suspensions, leading to a considerable decline in heat stability. An increase in protein concentration to 8% amplified protein interactions, intensified by shearing. This, in turn, resulted in comparatively higher aggregation at elevated temperatures and subsequently reduced the heat stability of the reconstituted MPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Mediwaththe
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute of Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities and College of Sports, Health and Engineering, Victoria University, Werribee Campus, VIC 3030, Australia; (A.M.); or (T.H.)
| | - Thom Huppertz
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute of Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities and College of Sports, Health and Engineering, Victoria University, Werribee Campus, VIC 3030, Australia; (A.M.); or (T.H.)
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6808 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Todor Vasiljevic
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute of Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities and College of Sports, Health and Engineering, Victoria University, Werribee Campus, VIC 3030, Australia; (A.M.); or (T.H.)
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9
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Bao M, Jia X, Cheng Y, Zheng J, Liu Z, Lü X, Shan Y. Structure and in vitro digestion characteristics of skim goat milk protein during processing: effects of fat separation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6521-6530. [PMID: 37226631 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although nonfat milk has been used worldwide in the industrial dairy process, little is known about the effects of fat separation during the manufacturing process on skim milk's structural and digestive properties. This study investigated the effects of the manufacturing process on the structure and in vitro digestion properties of skim goat milk, particularly emphasizing fat separation. RESULTS Changes in the surface charge and hydrophobicity of milk proteins caused by fat separation resulted in oxidation and aggregation in the subsequent homogenization, heat and spray-drying processing, which affected its digestibility. Compared with separation by dish separator (DS), skim milk after tubular centrifugal separation (CS) showed a higher initial and final digestibility. The CS samples also had a lower surface hydrophobicity level and higher free sulfhydryl content, ζ-potential, and average particle size (P < 0.05). Goat milk protein after CS was more readily oxidized and aggregated during the subsequent homogenization and heat treatment, as evidenced by the higher carbonyl content and particle size. Centrifugal separation also converted more β-sheets to α-helices, thus promoting the aggregation of oxidized skim milk protein. CONCLUSION The skim milk after CS and DS demonstrated different structural and digestive properties. Skim goat milk products after CS were more susceptible to oxidant-induced protein structural changes, resulting in higher protein digestibility. These findings provide insights into the mechanism involved in the control of gastric digestion of skim milk during manufacturing process. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Bao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Xuyu Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yujia Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- College of Food Science, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Shan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
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10
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Nguyen HTV, Chen X, Parada C, Luo AC, Shih O, Jeng US, Huang CY, Shih YL, Ma C. Structure of the heterotrimeric membrane protein complex FtsB-FtsL-FtsQ of the bacterial divisome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1903. [PMID: 37019934 PMCID: PMC10076392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan during bacterial cell division is mediated by a multiprotein machine, called the divisome. The essential membrane protein complex of FtsB, FtsL and FtsQ (FtsBLQ) is at the heart of the divisome assembly cascade in Escherichia coli. This complex regulates the transglycosylation and transpeptidation activities of the FtsW-FtsI complex and PBP1b via coordination with FtsN, the trigger for the onset of constriction. Yet the underlying mechanism of FtsBLQ-mediated regulation is largely unknown. Here, we report the full-length structure of the heterotrimeric FtsBLQ complex, which reveals a V-shaped architecture in a tilted orientation. Such a conformation could be strengthened by the transmembrane and the coiled-coil domains of the FtsBL heterodimer, as well as an extended β-sheet of the C-terminal interaction site involving all three proteins. This trimeric structure may also facilitate interactions with other divisome proteins in an allosteric manner. These results lead us to propose a structure-based model that delineates the mechanism of the regulation of peptidoglycan synthases by the FtsBLQ complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Thuy Vy Nguyen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Claudia Parada
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - An-Chi Luo
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Orion Shih
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30044, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Huang
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen-PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Ling Shih
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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11
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Analysis of the Shear Stresses in a Filling Line of Parenteral Products: The Role of Tubing. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Parenteral products appear to be sensitive to process conditions in bioprocessing steps, such as interfacial stress and shear stress. The combination of these elements is widely believed and proven to influence product stability, but the defined roles of these players in the product damage process have not yet been identified. The present work addresses a current industrial problem, by focusing on the analysis of shear stress on protein-based therapeutics flowing in tubing by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. The purpose of this article is not to pinpoint the mechanism triggering the damage of the product, but it represents the first step towards wider experimental investigations and introduces a new strategy to quantify the average shear stress. The field of scale-down approaches, used to scale the commercial process down to the laboratory level, is also explored. Since quality control is critical in the pharmaceutical realm, it is essential that the scale-down approach preserves the same stress exposure as the commercial scale, which in the present work is considered to be that resulting from shear effects. Therefore, a new approach for scaling down the commercial process is proposed, which has been compared with traditional approaches and shown to provide greater representativeness between the two scales.
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12
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Yang C, Guo J, Ni K, Wen K, Qin Y, Gu R, Wang C, Liu L, Pan Y, Li J, Luo M, Deng L. Mechanical Ventilation-Related High Stretch Mainly Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Thus Mediates Inflammation Response in Cultured Human Primary Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3811. [PMID: 36835223 PMCID: PMC9958795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) occurs in mechanically ventilated patients of respiratory disease and is typically characterized by airway inflammation. However, recent studies increasingly indicate that a major cause of VILI may be the excessive mechanical loading such as high stretch (>10% strain) on airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) due to mechanical ventilation (MV). Although ASMCs are the primary mechanosensitive cells in airways and contribute to various airway inflammation diseases, it is still unclear how they respond to high stretch and what mediates such a response. Therefore, we used whole genome-wide mRNA-sequencing (mRNA-Seq), bioinformatics, and functional identification to systematically analyze the mRNA expression profiles and signaling pathway enrichment of cultured human ASMCs exposed to high stretch (13% strain), aiming to screen the susceptible signaling pathway through which cells respond to high stretch. The data revealed that in response to high stretch, 111 mRNAs with count ≥100 in ASMCs were significantly differentially expressed (defined as DE-mRNAs). These DE-mRNAs are mainly enriched in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related signaling pathways. ER stress inhibitor (TUDCA) abolished high-stretch-enhanced mRNA expression of genes associated with ER stress, downstream inflammation signaling, and major inflammatory cytokines. These results demonstrate in a data-driven approach that in ASMCs, high stretch mainly induced ER stress and activated ER stress-related signaling and downstream inflammation response. Therefore, it suggests that ER stress and related signaling pathways in ASMCs may be potential targets for timely diagnosis and intervention of MV-related pulmonary airway diseases such as VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingzhi Luo
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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13
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Cherayil BJ. Statistical Dynamics of Flow-Driven Globular Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5127-5136. [PMID: 35762816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The response of collapsed polymers to the effects of linear mixed flow is studied theoretically in this paper using a model of a self-interacting finitely extensible Gaussian chain that evolves stochastically in the presence of random thermal fluctuations and an external fluid velocity gradient. The interactions that produce compact chain configurations are described by a harmonic pair potential of strength κ that acts between nonbonded sites on the chain backbone. Several chain properties are calculated analytically from this model as a function of κ for elongational and shear flows, including the dependence of the chain's steady-state mean-square end-to-end distance on the Weissenberg number of the flow, the time-dependence of the chain's relaxation to equilibrium from a steady-state of given chain extension, and the nature of the force-extension curves that are obtained from the free energy change between unperturbed and flow-stretched states of the chain. For both elongational and shear flows (but to different degrees), it is found that the greater the value of κ (and the more compact the chain), the more difficult it is, in general, for the imposed flow to induce a transition between compact and extended states, in broad agreement with available data from numerical simulations. For the relaxation process, the differences between the two flow types are more marked. The characteristic decay time for relaxation from a state prepared by elongational flow is essentially independent of κ, whereas in the case of a state prepared by shear flow, it is distinctly κ-dependent, the relaxation becoming faster at larger κ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binny J Cherayil
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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14
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Medical Gas Plasma—A Potent ROS-Generating Technology for Managing Intraoperative Bleeding Complications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cold medical gas plasmas are under pre-clinical investigation concerning their hemostatic activity and could be applied for intra-operative bleeding control in the future. The technological leap innovation was their generation at body temperature, thereby causing no thermal harm to the tissue and ensuring tissue integrity. This directly contrasts with current techniques such as electrocautery, which induces hemostasis by carbonizing the tissue using a heated electrode. However, the necrotized tissue is prone to fall, raising the risk of post-operative complications such as secondary bleedings or infection. In recent years, various studies have reported on the ability of medical gas plasmas to induce blood coagulation, including several suggestions concerning their mode of action. As non-invasive and gentle hemostatic agents, medical gas plasmas could be particularly eligible for vulnerable tissues, e.g., colorectal surgery and neurosurgery. Further, their usage could be beneficial regarding the prevention of post-operative bleedings due to the absence or sloughing of eschar. However, no clinical trials or individual healing attempts for medical gas plasmas have been reported to pave the way for clinical approvement until now, despite promising results in experimental animal models. In this light, the present mini-review aims to emphasize the potential of medical gas plasmas to serve as a hemostatic agent in clinical procedures. Providing a detailed overview of the current state of knowledge, feasible application fields are discussed, and possible obstacles are addressed.
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15
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Odiwuor N, Xiong J, Ogolla F, Hong W, Li X, Khan FM, Wang N, Yu J, Wei H. A point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 test based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification without RNA extraction with diagnostic performance same as RT-PCR. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1200:339590. [PMID: 35256137 PMCID: PMC8844505 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The global public health crisis and economic losses resulting from the current novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have been dire. The most used real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method needs expensive equipment, technical expertise, and a long turnaround time. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid, accurate, and alternative technique of diagnosis that is deployable at resource-poor settings like point-of-care. This study combines heat deactivation and a novel mechanical lysis method by bead beating for quick and simple sample preparation. Then, using an optimized reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay to target genes encoding the open reading frame 8 (ORF8), spike and nucleocapsid proteins of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The test results can be read simultaneously in fluorometric and colorimetric readouts within 40 min from sample collection. We also calibrated a template transfer tool to simplify sample addition into LAMP reactions when pipetting skills are needed. Most importantly, validation of the direct RT-LAMP system based on multiplexing primers S1:ORF8 in a ratio (1:0.8) using 143 patients' nasopharyngeal swab samples showed a diagnostic performance of 99.30% accuracy, with 98.81% sensitivity and 100% selectivity, compared to commercial RT-PCR kits. Since our workflow does not rely on RNA extraction and purification, the time-to-result is two times faster than other workflows with FDA emergency use authorization. Considering all its strengths: speed, simplicity, accuracy and extraction-free, the system can be useful for optimal point-of-care testing of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Odiwuor
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Nairobi, 62000 - 00200, Kenya
| | - Jin Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Faith Ogolla
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Nairobi, 62000 - 00200, Kenya
| | - Wei Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fazal Mehmood Khan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nuo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Junping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hongping Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Nairobi, 62000 - 00200, Kenya.
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16
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Kerezsi AD, Jacquet N, Blecker C. Advances on physical treatments for soy allergens reduction - A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Distribution and history of extensional stresses on vWF surrogate molecules in turbulent flow. Sci Rep 2022; 12:171. [PMID: 34997036 PMCID: PMC8742075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The configuration of proteins is critical for their biochemical behavior. Mechanical stresses that act on them can affect their behavior leading to the development of decease. The von Willebrand factor (vWF) protein circulating with the blood loses its efficacy when it undergoes non-physiological hemodynamic stresses. While often overlooked, extensional stresses can affect the structure of vWF at much lower stress levels than shear stresses. The statistical distribution of extensional stress as it applies on models of the vWF molecule within turbulent flow was examined here. The stress on the molecules of the protein was calculated with computations that utilized a Lagrangian approach for the determination of the molecule trajectories in the flow filed. The history of the stresses on the proteins was also calculated. Two different flow fields were considered as models of typical flows in cardiovascular mechanical devises, one was a Poiseuille flow and the other was a Poiseuille–Couette flow field. The data showed that the distribution of stresses is important for the design of blood flow devices because the average stress can be below the critical value for protein damage, but tails of the distribution can be outside the critical stress regime.
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Yu J, Jiang P, Li S, Chen Y. Mechanism of improving interfacial hydration characteristic of high‐denatured peanut protein induced by cold plasma. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao‐jiao Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin China
| | - Pei‐yun Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin China
| | - Shu‐hong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin China
| | - Ye Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin China
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19
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Huang Q, Kimura S, Iwata T. Development of self-degradable aliphatic polyesters by embedding lipases via melt extrusion. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Marcel L, Specklin M, Kouidri S. The evolution of long-term pediatric ventricular assistance devices: a critical review. Expert Rev Med Devices 2021; 18:783-798. [PMID: 34160345 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2021.1947245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The gap between the number of heart failure patients and the number of potential heart donors has never been larger than today, especially among the pediatric population. The use of mechanical circulatory support is seen as a potential alternative for clinicians to treat more patients. This treatment has proven its efficiency on short-term use. However, in order to replace heart transplant, the techniques should be used over longer periods of time.Areas covered: This review aims at furnishing an engineering vision of the evolution of ventricular assistance devices used in pediatrics. A critical analysis of the clinical complications related to devices generation is made to give an overview of the design improvements made since their inception.Expert opinion: The long-term use of a foreign device in the body is not without consequences, especially among fragile pediatric patients. Moreover, the size of their body parts increases the technical difficulties of such procedure. The balance between the living cells of the body is disturbed by the devices, mostly by the shear stress generated. To provide a safe mechanical circulatory support for long-term use, the devices should be more hemocompatible, preserving blood cells, adapted to the patient's systemic grid and miniaturized for pediatric use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Marcel
- Arts Et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Specklin
- Arts Et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, Paris, France
| | - Smaine Kouidri
- Arts Et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, Paris, France
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21
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Lyu J, Wang Y, Ruan C, Zhang X, Li K, Ye M. Mechanical stress induced protein precipitation method for drug target screening. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1168:338612. [PMID: 34051997 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The process of protein precipitation can be used to decipher the interaction of ligand and protein. For example, the classic Thermal Proteome Profiling (TPP) method uses heating as the driving force for protein precipitation, to discover the drug target protein. Under heating or other denature forces, the target protein that binds with the drug compound will be more resistant to precipitation than the free protein. Similar to thermal stress, mechanical stress can also induce protein precipitation. Upon mechanical stress, protein will gradually precipitate along with protein conformational changes, which can be exploited for the study of the ligand-protein interaction. Herein, we proposed a Mechanical Stress Induced Protein Precipitation (MSIPP) method for drug target deconvolution. Its streamlined workflow allows in situ sample preparation on the surface of microparticles, from protein precipitation to digestion. The mechanical stress was generated by vortexing the slurry of protein solution and microparticle materials. The mechanical stress induced protein precipitate was captured by the microparticles, which guarantees the MSIPP method to be scalable and user-friendly. The MSIPP method was successfully applied to four drug compounds, Methotrexate, Raltitrexed, SHP099, Geldanamycin and a pan-inhibitor of protein kinases, Staurosporine. Besides, DHFR was demonstrated to be a target of Raltitrexed, which has not been revealed by any other modification-free drug target discovery method yet. Thus, MSIPP is a complementary method to other drug target screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengfei Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kejia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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22
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Non-coding RNA suppresses FUS aggregation caused by mechanistic shear stress on pipetting in a sequence-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9523. [PMID: 33947944 PMCID: PMC8096841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS) is a multitasking RNA/DNA binding protein. FUS aggregation is implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. RNA was suggested to modulate phase transition of FUS. Here, we found that FUS transforms into the amorphous aggregation state as an instant response to the shear stress caused by usual pipetting even at a low FUS concentration, 100 nM. It was revealed that non-coding RNA can suppress the transformation of FUS into aggregates. The suppressive effect of RNA on FUS aggregation is sequence-dependent. These results suggested that the non-coding RNA could be a prospective suppressor of FUS aggregation caused by mechanistic stress in cells. Our finding might pave the way for more research on the role of RNAs as aggregation inhibitors, which could facilitate the development of therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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23
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Modeling Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Therapeutic Antibodies: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030422. [PMID: 33800976 PMCID: PMC8003994 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With more than 90 approved drugs by 2020, therapeutic antibodies have played a central role in shifting the treatment landscape of many diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancers. While showing many therapeutic advantages such as long half-life and highly selective actions, therapeutic antibodies still face many outstanding issues associated with their pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), including high variabilities, low tissue distributions, poorly-defined PK/PD characteristics for novel antibody formats, and high rates of treatment resistance. We have witnessed many successful cases applying PK/PD modeling to answer critical questions in therapeutic antibodies’ development and regulations. These models have yielded substantial insights into antibody PK/PD properties. This review summarized the progress, challenges, and future directions in modeling antibody PK/PD and highlighted the potential of applying mechanistic models addressing the development questions.
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Bai Y, Zhang D, Guo Q, Xiao J, Zheng M, Yang J. Study of the Enzyme Activity Change due to Inkjet Printing for Biosensor Fabrication. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:787-793. [PMID: 33443403 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes, the most commonly used biosensing element, have a great influence on the performance of biosensors. Recently, drop-on-demand (DOD) printing technique has been widely employed for the fabrication of biosensors due to its merits of noncontact, less waste, and rapid deposition. However, enzyme printing studies were rarely conducted on the effect of printing parameters from the aspect of the pressure wave propagation mechanism. This study investigated the effects of pressure wave propagation on enzyme activity from the aspects of wave superposition, wave amplitude, resulting mechanical stress, and protein conformation change using pyruvate oxidase as the model enzyme. We found that the mechanical stress increased the activity of pyruvate oxidase during the inkjet printing process. A shear rate of 3 × 105 s-1 enhanced the activity by 14.10%. The enhancement mechanism was investigated, and the mechanical activation or mild proteolysis was found to change the conformation of pyruvate oxidase and improve its activity. This study is fundamental to understand the effect of both printing mechanism and induced mechanical stress on the properties of biomolecules and plays an important role in modulating the activity of other enzyme-based inks, which is crucial for the development of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada.,Shenzhen Hongyi Precision Products Co., Ltd., 101-72#, Songxin Industry Zone, Hongxing Community, Songgang Street, Baoan, Shenzhen 518000,Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuquan Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Junfeng Xiao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
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25
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Schöps M, Groß-Hardt SH, Schmitz-Rode T, Steinseifer U, Brodie D, Clauser JC, Karagiannidis C. Hemolysis at low blood flow rates: in-vitro and in-silico evaluation of a centrifugal blood pump. J Transl Med 2021; 19:2. [PMID: 33402176 PMCID: PMC7784380 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treating severe forms of the acute respiratory distress syndrome and cardiac failure, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become an established therapeutic option. Neonatal or pediatric patients receiving ECMO, and patients undergoing extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) represent low-flow applications of the technology, requiring lower blood flow than conventional ECMO. Centrifugal blood pumps as a core element of modern ECMO therapy present favorable operating characteristics in the high blood flow range (4 L/min–8 L/min). However, during low-flow applications in the range of 0.5 L/min–2 L/min, adverse events such as increased hemolysis, platelet activation and bleeding complications are reported frequently. Methods In this study, the hemolysis of the centrifugal pump DP3 is evaluated both in vitro and in silico, comparing the low-flow operation at 1 L/min to the high-flow operation at 4 L/min. Results Increased hemolysis occurs at low-flow, both in vitro and in silico. The in-vitro experiments present a sixfold higher relative increased hemolysis at low-flow. Compared to high-flow operation, a more than 3.5-fold increase in blood recirculation within the pump head can be observed in the low-flow range in silico. Conclusions This study highlights the underappreciated hemolysis in centrifugal pumps within the low-flow range, i.e. during pediatric ECMO or ECCO2R treatment. The in-vitro results of hemolysis and the in-silico computational fluid dynamic simulations of flow paths within the pumps raise awareness about blood damage that occurs when using centrifugal pumps at low-flow operating points. These findings underline the urgent need for a specific pump optimized for low-flow treatment. Due to the inherent problems of available centrifugal pumps in the low-flow range, clinicians should use the current centrifugal pumps with caution, alternatively other pumping principles such as positive displacement pumps may be discussed in the future.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Schöps
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sascha H Groß-Hardt
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rode
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Steinseifer
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Brodie
- Center for Acute Respiratory Failure, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johanna C Clauser
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Karagiannidis
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Cologne-Merheim Hospital, ARDS and ECMO Centre, Kliniken der Stadt Köln GmbH, Witten/Herdecke University Hospital, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, 51109, Cologne, Germany
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26
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Singh T, Hook AL, Luckett J, Maitz MF, Sperling C, Werner C, Davies MC, Irvine DJ, Williams P, Alexander MR. Discovery of hemocompatible bacterial biofilm-resistant copolymers. Biomaterials 2020; 260:120312. [PMID: 32866726 PMCID: PMC7534038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blood-contacting medical devices play an important role within healthcare and are required to be biocompatible, hemocompatible and resistant to microbial colonization. Here we describe a high throughput screen for copolymers with these specific properties. A series of weakly amphiphilic monomers are combinatorially polymerized with acrylate glycol monomers of varying chain lengths to create a library of 645 multi-functional candidate materials containing multiple chemical moieties that impart anti-biofilm, hemo- and immuno-compatible properties. These materials are screened in over 15,000 individual biological assays, targeting two bacterial species, one Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) commonly associated with central venous catheter infections, using 5 different measures of hemocompatibility and 6 measures of immunocompatibililty. Selected copolymers reduce platelet activation, platelet loss and leukocyte activation compared with the standard comparator PTFE as well as reducing bacterial biofilm formation in vitro by more than 82% compared with silicone. Poly(isobornyl acrylate-co-triethylene glycol methacrylate) (75:25) is identified as the optimal material across all these measures reducing P. aeruginosa biofilm formation by up to 86% in vivo in a murine foreign body infection model compared with uncoated silicone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranjit Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andrew L Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jeni Luckett
- Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Manfred F Maitz
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Centre for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Sperling
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Centre for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Centre for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martyn C Davies
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Derek J Irvine
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Paul Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Pre-procedural abnormal function of von Willebrand Factor is predictive of bleeding after surgical but not transcatheter aortic valve replacement. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020; 48:610-618. [PMID: 31359325 PMCID: PMC6800844 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-019-01917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Both transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) have been proven to effectively correct von Willebrand Factor (vWF) pathologies, however there is limited data simultaneously comparing outcomes of both approaches. We prospectively enrolled patients with severe aortic stenosis referred for TAVI (n = 52) or SAVR (n = 48). In each case, vWF antigen (vWF:Ag), vWF activity (vWF:Ac) and activity-to-antigen (vWF:Ac/Ag) ratio were assessed at baseline, 24 h and 72 h after procedure. VWF abnormalities were defined as reduced vWF:Ac/Ag ratio (< 0.8). Bleeding events in both arms were classified according to Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC-2) definitions. Overall, there was no difference between patients referred for TAVI and SAVR in vWF:Ac (1.62 ± 0.52 vs 1.71 ± 0.64; p = 0.593), vWF:Ag (1.99 ± 0.81 vs 2.04 ± 0.81; p = 0.942) or vWF:Ac/Ag ratio (0.84 ± 0.16 vs 0.85 ± 0.12; p = 0.950). Pathological vWF:Ac/Ag ratio was found in 20 (38%) TAVI and 15 (31%) SAVR patients (p = 0.407). Normalization of vWF:Ac/Ag ratio at day 3 after procedure was achieved in 19 (95%) TAVI and 13 (87%) SAVR patients (p = 0.439). Similar prevalence of major or life-threatening bleedings (MLTB) after TAVI and SAVR in entire groups was observed (19% vs. 23%, p = 0.652). VWF abnormalities were associated with higher incidence of MLTB in SAVR (53% vs 9%, p < 0.001), but not TAVI (15% vs. 22%, p = 0.132). Accordingly, in receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis vWF:Ac/Ag ratio < 0.8 showed significant sensitivity and specificity for predicting MLTB in SAVR group (AUC 0.735, 95% CI 0.538–0.931, p = 0.019). We proved that abnormal function of vWF is corrected successfully after both TAVI and SAVR, but vWF abnormalities are predictive of MLTB only in surgical patients.
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28
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Griffith BP, Wu ZJ. Computational characterization of flow and blood damage potential of the new maglev CH-VAD pump versus the HVAD and HeartMate II pumps. Int J Artif Organs 2020; 43:653-662. [PMID: 32043405 DOI: 10.1177/0391398820903734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular assist devices are routinely used to treat patients with advanced heart failure as a bridge to transplant or a destination therapy. However, non-physiological shear stress generated by left ventricular assist devices damages blood cells. The continued development of novel left ventricular assist devices is essential to improve the left ventricular assist device therapy for heart failure patients. The CH-VAD is a new maglev centrifugal left ventricular assist device. In this study, the CH-VAD pump was numerically analyzed and compared with the HVAD and HeartMate II pumps under two clinically relevant conditions (flow: 4.5 L/min, pressure head: normal ~80 and hypertension ~120 mmHg). The velocity and shear stress fields, washout, and hemolysis index of the three pumps were assessed with computational fluid dynamics analysis. Under the same condition, the CH-VAD hemolysis index was two times lower than the HVAD and HeartMate II pumps; the CH-VAD had the least percentage volume with shear stress larger than 100 Pa (i.e. normal condition: 0.4% vs HVAD 1.0%, and HeartMate II 2.9%). Under the normal condition, more than 98% was washed out of the three pumps within 0.4 s. The washout times were slightly shorter under the hypertension condition for the three pumps. No regions inside the CH-VAD or HVAD had extremely long residential time, while areas near the straightener of the HeartMate II pump had long residential time (>4 s) indicating elevated risks of thrombosis. The computational fluid dynamics results suggested that the CH-VAD pump has a better hemolytic biocompatibility than the HVAD and HeartMate II pumps under the normal and hypertension conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zengsheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bartley P Griffith
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhongjun J Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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29
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Lo Cascio F, Puangmalai N, Ellsworth A, Bucchieri F, Pace A, Palumbo Piccionello A, Kayed R. Toxic Tau Oligomers Modulated by Novel Curcumin Derivatives. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19011. [PMID: 31831807 PMCID: PMC6908736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathological aggregation and accumulation of tau, a microtubule-associated protein, is a common feature amongst more than 18 different neurodegenerative diseases that are collectively known as tauopathies. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the soluble and hydrophobic tau oligomers are highly toxic in vitro due to their capacity towards seeding tau misfolding, thereby propagating the tau pathology seen across different neurodegenerative diseases. Modulating the aggregation state of tau oligomers through the use of small molecules could be a useful therapeutic strategy to target their toxicity, regardless of other factors involved in their formation. In this study, we screened and tested a small library of newly synthesized curcumin derivatives against preformed recombinant tau oligomers. Our results show that the curcumin derivatives affect and modulate the tau oligomer aggregation pathways, converting to a more aggregated non-toxic state as assessed in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line and primary cortical neuron cultures. These results provide insight into tau aggregation and may become a basis for the discovery of new therapeutic agents, as well as advance the diagnostic field for the detection of toxic tau oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippa Lo Cascio
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Nicha Puangmalai
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Anna Ellsworth
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- 0000 0004 1762 5517grid.10776.37Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127 Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- 0000 0004 1762 5517grid.10776.37Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies - STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90128 Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- 0000 0004 1762 5517grid.10776.37Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies - STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90128 Italy
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA. .,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Lancellotti S, Sacco M, Basso M, De Cristofaro R. Mechanochemistry of von Willebrand factor. Biomol Concepts 2019; 10:194-208. [PMID: 31778361 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2019-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF), a blood multimeric protein with a very high molecular weight, plays a crucial role in the primary haemostasis, the physiological process characterized by the adhesion of blood platelets to the injured vessel wall. Hydrodynamic forces are responsible for extensive conformational transitions in the VWF multimers that change their structure from a globular form to a stretched linear conformation. This feature makes this protein particularly prone to be investigated by mechanochemistry, the branch of the biophysical chemistry devoted to investigating the effects of shear forces on protein conformation. This review describes the structural elements of the VWF molecule involved in the biochemical response to shear forces. The stretched VWF conformation favors the interaction with the platelet GpIb and at the same time with ADAMTS-13, the zinc-protease that cleaves VWF in the A2 domain, limiting its prothrombotic capacity. The shear-induced conformational transitions favor also a process of self-aggregation, responsible for the formation of a spider-web like network, particularly efficient in the trapping process of flowing platelets. The investigation of the biophysical effects of shear forces on VWF conformation contributes to unraveling the molecular mechanisms of many types of thrombotic and haemorrhagic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lancellotti
- Servizio Malattie Emorragiche e Trombotiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Monica Sacco
- Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia "A. Gemelli", Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Basso
- Servizio Malattie Emorragiche e Trombotiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Raimondo De Cristofaro
- Servizio Malattie Emorragiche e Trombotiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia "A. Gemelli", Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Roma, Italy
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31
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Rana A, Westein E, Niego B, Hagemeyer CE. Shear-Dependent Platelet Aggregation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:141. [PMID: 31620451 PMCID: PMC6763557 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the number one cause of morbidity and death worldwide. As estimated by the WHO, the global death rate from CVD is 31% wherein, a staggering 85% results from stroke and myocardial infarction. Platelets, one of the key components of thrombi, have been well-investigated over decades for their pivotal role in thrombus development in healthy as well as diseased blood vessels. In hemostasis, when a vascular injury occurs, circulating platelets are arrested at the site of damage, where they are activated and aggregate to form hemostatic thrombi, thus preventing further bleeding. However, in thrombosis, pathological activation of platelets occurs, leading to uncontrolled growth of a thrombus, which in turn can occlude the blood vessel or embolize, causing downstream ischemic events. The molecular processes causing pathological thrombus development are in large similar to the processes controlling physiological thrombus formation. The biggest challenge of anti-thrombotics and anti-platelet therapeutics has been to decouple the pathological platelet response from the physiological one. Currently, marketed anti-platelet drugs are associated with major bleeding complications for this exact reason; they are not effective in targeting pathological thrombi without interfering with normal hemostasis. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of shear forces generated from blood flow, that primarily drive platelet activation and aggregation in thrombosis. Local shear stresses in obstructed blood vessels can be higher by up to two orders of magnitude as compared to healthy vessels. Leveraging abnormal shear forces in the thrombus microenvironment may allow to differentiate between thrombosis and hemostasis and develop shear-selective anti-platelet therapies. In this review, we discuss the influence of shear forces on thrombosis and the underlying mechanisms of shear-induced platelet activation. Later, we summarize the therapeutic approaches to target shear-sensitive platelet activation and pathological thrombus growth, with a particular focus on the shear-sensitive protein von Willebrand Factor (VWF). Inhibition of shear-specific platelet aggregation and targeted drug delivery may prove to be much safer and efficacious approaches over current state-of-the-art antithrombotic drugs in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshita Rana
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erik Westein
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Be'eri Niego
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christoph E Hagemeyer
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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32
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Farzan M, Roth R, Québatte G, Schoelkopf J, Huwyler J, Puchkov M. Loading of Porous Functionalized Calcium Carbonate Microparticles: Distribution Analysis with Focused Ion Beam Electron Microscopy and Mercury Porosimetry. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E32. [PMID: 30650593 PMCID: PMC6358859 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate analysis of intraparticle distribution of substances within porous drug carriers is important to optimize loading and subsequent processing. Mercury intrusion porosimetry, a common technique used for characterization of porous materials, assumes cylindrical pore geometry, which may lead to misinterpretation. Therefore, imaging techniques such as focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) help to better interpret these results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between mercury intrusion and scanning electron microscopy and to identify the limitations of each method. Porous microparticles, functionalized calcium carbonate, were loaded with bovine serum albumin and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) by solvent evaporation and results of the pore size distribution obtained by both methods were compared. The internal structure of the novel pharmaceutical excipient, functionalized calcium carbonate, was revealed for the first time. Our results demonstrated that image analysis provides a closer representation of the material distribution since it was possible to discriminate between blocked and filled pores. The physical nature of the loaded substances is critical for the deposition within the pores of functionalized calcium carbonate. We conclude, that a combination of mercury intrusion porosimetry and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy allows for a reliable analysis of sub-micron porous structures of particulate drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farzan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Roger Roth
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gabriela Québatte
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Joachim Schoelkopf
- Fundamental research, Omya International AG, 4665 Oftringen, Switzerland.
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Maxim Puchkov
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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33
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Mediwaththe A, Bogahawaththa D, Grewal MK, Chandrapala J, Vasiljevic T. Structural changes of native milk proteins subjected to controlled shearing and heating. Food Res Int 2018; 114:151-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Nanotechnology Enabled Inhalation of Bio-therapeutics for Pulmonary Diseases: Design Considerations and Challenges. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Luraghi G, Wu W, De Castilla H, Rodriguez Matas JF, Dubini G, Dubuis P, Grimmé M, Migliavacca F. Numerical Approach to Study the Behavior of an Artificial Ventricle: Fluid-Structure Interaction Followed By Fluid Dynamics With Moving Boundaries. Artif Organs 2018; 42:E315-E324. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Luraghi
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | | | - José Félix Rodriguez Matas
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Gabriele Dubini
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Migliavacca
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
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36
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Khoo DPY, Cookson AN, Gill HS, Fraser KH. Normal fluid stresses are prevalent in rotary ventricular assist devices: A computational fluid dynamics analysis. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 41:738-751. [DOI: 10.1177/0391398818792757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the evolution of ventricular assist devices, ventricular assist device patients still suffer from complications due to the damage to blood by fluid dynamic stress. Since rotary ventricular assist devices are assumed to exert mainly shear stress, studies of blood damage are based on shear flow experiments. However, measurements and simulations of cell and protein deformation show normal and shear stresses deform, and potentially damage, cells and proteins differently. The aim was to use computational fluid dynamics to assess the prevalence of normal stress, in comparison with shear stress, in rotary ventricular assist devices. Our calculations showed normal stresses do occur in rotary ventricular assist devices: the fluid volumes experiencing normal stress above 10 Pa were 0.011 mL (0.092%) and 0.027 mL (0.39%) for the HeartWare HVAD and HeartMate II (HMII), and normal stresses over 100 Pa were present. However, the shear stress volumes were up to two orders of magnitude larger than the normal stress volumes. Considering thresholds for red blood cell and von Willebrand factor deformation by normal and shear stresses, the fluid volumes causing deformation by normal stress were between 2.5 and 5 times the size of those causing deformation by shear stress. The exposure times to the individual normal stress deformation regions were around 1 ms. The results clearly show, for the first time, that while blood within rotary ventricular assist devices experiences more shear stress at much higher magnitudes as compared with normal stress, there is sufficient normal stress exposure present to cause deformation of, and potentially damage to, the blood components. This study is the first to quantify the fluid stress components in real blood contacting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominica PY Khoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Andrew N Cookson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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37
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Molteni A, Masri ZPH, Low KWQ, Yousef HN, Sienz J, Fraser KH. Experimental measurement and numerical modelling of dye washout for investigation of blood residence time in ventricular assist devices. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 41:201-212. [DOI: 10.1177/0391398817752877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular assist devices have become the standard therapy for end-stage heart failure. However, their use is still associated with severe adverse events related to the damage done to the blood by fluid dynamic stresses. This damage relates to both the stress magnitude and the length of time the blood is exposed to that stress. We created a dye washout technique which combines experimental and numerical approaches to measure the washout times of ventricular assist devices. The technique was used to investigate washout characteristics of three commercially available and clinically used ventricular assist devices: the CentriMag, HVAD and HeartMate II. The time taken to reach 5% dye concentration at the outlet (T05) was used as an indicator of the total residence time. At a typical level of cardiac support, 5 L/min and 100 mmHg, T05 was 0.93, 0.28 and 0.16 s for CentriMag, HVAD and HeartMate II, respectively, and increased to 5.06, 1.64 and 0.96 s for reduced cardiac support of 1 L/min. Regional variations in washout characteristics are described in this article. While the volume of the flow domain plays a large role in the differences in T05 between the ventricular assist devices, after standardising for ventricular assist device volume, the secondary flow path was found to increase T05 by 35%. The results explain quantitatively, for the first time, why the CentriMag, which exerts low shear stress magnitude, has still been found to cause acquired von Willebrand Syndrome in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zubair PH Masri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Kenny WQ Low
- Advanced Sustainable Manufacturing Technologies (ASTUTE) 2020 Operation, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Haitham N Yousef
- Advanced Sustainable Manufacturing Technologies (ASTUTE) 2020 Operation, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Johann Sienz
- Advanced Sustainable Manufacturing Technologies (ASTUTE) 2020 Operation, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Leukocyte Adhesion as an Indicator of Oxygenator Thrombosis During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy? ASAIO J 2018; 64:24-30. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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40
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Roth R, Schoelkopf J, Huwyler J, Puchkov M. Functionalized calcium carbonate microparticles for the delivery of proteins. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 122:96-103. [PMID: 29054385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The recently introduced functionalized calcium carbonate (FCC), a porous microparticle with a nano-structured, lamellar surface, shows promising properties in the field of oral drug delivery. In this work, FCC was loaded with biomolecules e.g. lysozyme (Lys) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in order to investigate its suitability to deliver protein based drugs. Loading efficiency for our model proteins was >90% and enzyme activity was preserved as demonstrated by Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetic experiments. Circular dichroism analysis confirmed, that neither the structure of both model substances, nor the activity of Lys was affected by the loading process or the interaction with the surface of FCC. Electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury porosimetry were indicative of protein deposition on the particle surface as well as within the particle pores. Release properties were investigated in a customized flow cell, which simulates the conditions in the oral cavity. Depending on the isoelectric point of the investigated proteins, complete release was obtained within 1.5h. This work shows, that FCC is a suitable pharmaceutical excipient for delivery of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roth
- Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse. 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Schoelkopf
- Fundamental Research, Omya International AG, 4665 Oftringen, Switzerland
| | - J Huwyler
- Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse. 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Puchkov
- Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse. 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Van Wanseele Y, Maes K, Lanckmans K, Van Schoors J, Smolders I, Van Eeckhaut A. Surface and Solvent Dependent Adsorption of Three Neuromedin-Like Peptides in Glass and Plastic Syringes. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Brazilek RJ, Tovar-Lopez FJ, Wong AKT, Tran H, Davis AS, McFadyen JD, Kaplan Z, Chunilal S, Jackson SP, Nandurkar H, Mitchell A, Nesbitt WS. Application of a strain rate gradient microfluidic device to von Willebrand's disease screening. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2595-2608. [PMID: 28660968 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Von Willebrand's disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder caused by either quantitative or qualitative defects of von Willebrand factor (VWF). Current tests for VWD require relatively large blood volumes, have low throughput, are time-consuming, and do not incorporate the physiologically relevant effects of haemodynamic forces. We developed a microfluidic device incorporating micro-contractions that harnesses well-defined haemodynamic strain gradients to initiate platelet aggregation in citrated whole blood. The microchannel architecture has been specifically designed to allow for continuous real-time imaging of platelet aggregation dynamics. Subjects aged ≥18 years with previously diagnosed VWD or who presented for evaluation of a bleeding disorder, where the possible diagnosis included VWD, were tested. Samples were obtained for device characterization as well as for pathology-based testing. Platelet aggregation in the microfluidic device is independent of platelet amplification loops but dependent on low-level platelet activation, GPIb/IX/V and integrin αIIbβ3 engagement. Microfluidic output directly correlates with VWF antigen levels and is able to sensitively detect aggregation defects associated with VWD subtypes. Testing demonstrated a strong correlation with standard clinical laboratory-based tests. Head-to-head comparison with PFA100® demonstrated equivalent, if not improved, sensitivity for screening aggregation defects associated with VWD. This strain rate gradient microfluidic prototype has the potential to be a clinically useful, rapid and high throughput-screening tool for VWD as well as other strain-dependent platelet disorders. In addition, the microfluidic device represents a novel approach to examine the effects of high magnitude/short duration (ms) strain rate gradients on platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose J Brazilek
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Educational Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Everaert A, Wouters Y, Melsbach E, Zakaria N, Ludwig A, Kiekens F, Weyenberg W. Optimisation of HPMC ophthalmic inserts with sustained release properties as a carrier for thermolabile therapeutics. Int J Pharm 2017. [PMID: 28624658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A methodology was developed and optimised for the preparation of a new drug delivery system (DDS) with sustained release properties to allow ocular protein delivery and to limit destructive production steps during manufacturing. Elevated temperatures, shear forces and an oxidative environment should be avoided in order to prevent denaturation or oxidation of proteins. An aqueous HPMC solution was prepared using heat and casted into small semi-rod-shaped PVC blisters. The polymer solution was allowed to cool down and was partially dehydrated at room temperature. A drug solution containing glycerol, drug and water was subsequently added to rehydrate the partially dehydrated polymer matrix at a temperature of 2°C. Several parameters of the production process were varied to determine their influence on the release kinetics from HPMC inserts from three different molecules of different molecular weight. This production method was further optimised in order to shorten the rehydration time from weeks to days, while eliminating heat and shear forces on the selected drug molecules sodium fluorescein, lysozyme and albumin. Slow release kinetics were achieved for sodium fluorescein and lysozyme as model drug molecules. The higher molecular weight of albumin prevented a good penetration into the insert during the rehydration process resulting in predominantly burst release. The biocompatibility of a viscous HPMC solution was evaluated on SV40-human corneal epithelial cells with PrestoBlue® and no cytotoxic effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnout Everaert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Yannick Wouters
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eline Melsbach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nadia Zakaria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Annick Ludwig
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Filip Kiekens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Wim Weyenberg
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Ali AJ, Abuelela AF, Merzaban JS. An Analysis of Trafficking Receptors Shows that CD44 and P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 Collectively Control the Migration of Activated Human T-Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:492. [PMID: 28515724 PMCID: PMC5413510 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Selectins guide the traffic of activated T-cells through the blood stream by mediating their tethering and rolling onto inflamed endothelium, in this way acting as beacons to help navigate them to sites of inflammation. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of E-selectin ligands expressed on activated human T-cells. We identified several novel glycoproteins that function as E-selectin ligands. Specifically, we compared the role of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and CD43, known E-selectin ligands, to CD44, a ligand that has not previously been characterized as an E-selectin ligand on activated human T-cells. We showed that CD44 acts as a functional E-selectin ligand when expressed on both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Moreover, the CD44 protein carries a binding epitope identifying it as hematopoietic cell E- and/or L-selectin ligand (HCELL). Furthermore, by knocking down these ligands individually or together in primary activated human T-cells, we demonstrated that CD44/HCELL, and not CD43, cooperates with PSGL-1 as a major E-selectin ligand. Additionally, we demonstrated the relevance of our findings to chronic autoimmune disease, by showing that CD44/HCELL and PSGL-1, but not CD43, from T-cells isolated from psoriasis patients, bind E-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal J Ali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman F Abuelela
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S Merzaban
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Shukla M, Sekhon UDS, Betapudi V, Li W, Hickman DA, Pawlowski CL, Dyer MR, Neal MD, McCrae KR, Gupta AS. In vitro characterization of SynthoPlate™ (synthetic platelet) technology and its in vivo evaluation in severely thrombocytopenic mice. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:375-387. [PMID: 27925685 PMCID: PMC5305617 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Platelet transfusion suffers from availability, portability, contamination, and short shelf-life. SynthoPlate™ (synthetic platelet technology) can resolve platelet transfusion limitations. SynthoPlate™ does not activate resting platelets or stimulate coagulation systemically. SynthoPlate™ significantly improves hemostasis in thrombocytopenic mice dose-dependently. SUMMARY Background Platelet transfusion applications face severe challenges, owing to the limited availability and portability, high risk of contamination and short shelf-life of platelets. Therefore, there is significant interest in synthetic platelet substitutes that can provide hemostasis while avoiding these issues. Platelets promote hemostasis by injury site-selective adhesion and aggregation, and propagation of coagulation reactions on their membranes. On the basis of these mechanisms, we have developed a synthetic platelet technology (SynthoPlate™) that integrates platelet-mimetic site-selective 'adhesion' and 'aggregation' functionalities via heteromultivalent surface decoration of lipid vesicles with von Willebrand factor-binding, collagen-binding and active platelet integrin glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa-binding peptides. Objective To evaluate SynthoPlate for its effects on platelets and plasma in vitro, and for systemic safety and hemostatic efficacy in severely thrombocytopenic mice in vivo. Methods In vitro, SynthoPlate was evaluated with aggregometry, fluorescence microscopy, microfluidics, and thrombin and fibrin generation assays. In vivo, SynthoPlate was evaluated for systemic safety with prothrombin and fibrin assays on plasma, and for hemostatic effects on tail-transection bleeding time in severely thrombocytopenic (TCP) mice. Results SynthoPlate did not aggregate resting platelets or spontaneously promote coagulation in plasma, but could amplify the recruitment and aggregation of active platelets at the bleeding site, and thereby site-selectively enhance fibrin generation. SynthoPlate dose-dependently reduced bleeding time in TCP mice, to levels comparable to those in normal mice. SynthoPlate has a reasonable circulation residence time, and is cleared mostly by the liver and spleen. Conclusion The results demonstrate the promise of SynthoPlate as a synthetic platelet substitute in transfusion treatment of platelet-related bleeding complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Shukla
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - Ujjal D S Sekhon
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Venkaiah Betapudi
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - DaShawn A Hickman
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Christa L Pawlowski
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Mitchell R Dyer
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Matthew D. Neal
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Keith R McCrae
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
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Abdolvahabi A, Shi Y, Rasouli S, Croom CM, Chuprin A, Shaw BF. How Do Gyrating Beads Accelerate Amyloid Fibrillization? Biophys J 2017; 112:250-264. [PMID: 28122213 PMCID: PMC5266089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical and physical mechanisms by which gyrating beads accelerate amyloid fibrillization in microtiter plate assays are unclear. Identifying these mechanisms will help optimize high-throughput screening assays for molecules and mutations that modulate aggregation and might explain why different research groups report different rates of aggregation for identical proteins. This article investigates how the rate of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) fibrillization is affected by 12 different beads with a wide range of hydrophobicity, mass, stiffness, and topology but identical diameter. All assays were performed on D90A apo-SOD1, which is a stable and wild-type-like variant of SOD1. The most significant and uniform correlation between any material property of each bead and that bead's effect on SOD1 fibrillization rate was with regard to bead mass. A linear correlation existed between bead mass and rate of fibril elongation (R2 = 0.7): heavier beads produced faster rates and shorter fibrils. Nucleation rates (lag time) also correlated with bead mass, but only for non-polymeric beads (i.e., glass, ceramic, metallic). The effect of bead mass on fibrillization correlated (R2 = 0.96) with variations in buoyant forces and contact forces (between bead and microplate well), and was not an artifact of residual momentum during intermittent gyration. Hydrophobic effects were observed, but only for polymeric beads: lag times correlated negatively with contact angle of water and degree of protein adhesion (surface adhesion and hydrophobic effects were negligible for non-polymeric beads). These results demonstrate that contact forces (alone) explain kinetic variation among non-polymeric beads, whereas surface hydrophobicity and contact forces explain kinetic variation among polymeric beads. This study also establishes conditions for high-throughput amyloid assays of SOD1 that enable the control over fibril morphologies and produce eightfold faster lag times and fourfold less stochasticity than in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunhua Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Sanaz Rasouli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Corbin M Croom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Aleksandra Chuprin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Bryan F Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas.
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Wang M, Kussrow AK, Ocana MF, Chabot JR, Lepsy CS, Bornhop DJ, O'Hara DM. Physiologically relevant binding affinity quantification of monoclonal antibody PF-00547659 to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule for in vitro in vivo correlation. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:70-81. [PMID: 27760281 PMCID: PMC5221447 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose A monoclonal antibody (PF‐00547659) against mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM), expressed as both soluble (sMAdCAM) and trans‐membrane (mMAdCAM) target forms, showed over 30‐fold difference in antibody‐target KD between in vitro (Biacore) and clinically derived (KD,in‐vivo) values. Back‐scattering interferometry (BSI) was applied to acquire physiologically relevant KD values which were used to establish in vitro and in vivo correlation (IVIVC). Experimental Approach BSI was applied to obtain KD values between PF‐00547659 and recombinant human MAdCAM in buffer or CHO cells and endogenous MAdCAM in human serum or colon tissue. CHO cells and tissue were minimally processed to yield homogenate containing membrane vesicles and soluble proteins. A series of binding affinities in serum with various dilution factors was used to estimate both KD,in‐vivo and target concentrations; MAdCAM concentrations were also measured using LC–MS/MS. Key Results BSI measurements revealed low KD values (higher affinity) for sMAdCAM in buffer and serum, yet a 20‐fold higher KD value (lower affinity) for mMAdCAM in CHO, mMAdCAM and sMAdCAM in tissue. BSI predicted KD,in‐vivo in serum was similar to clinically derived KD,in‐vivo, and the BSI‐estimated serum sMAdCAM concentration also matched the measured concentration by LC–MS/MS. Conclusions and Implications Our results successfully demonstrated that BSI measurements of physiologically relevant KD values can be used to establish IVIVC, for PF‐00547659 to MAdCAM despite the lack of correlation when using Biacore measured KD and accurately estimates endogenous target concentrations. The application of BSI would greatly enhance successful basic pharmacological research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Andover, MA, USA
| | - Amanda K Kussrow
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R Chabot
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Andover, MA, USA
| | | | - Darryl J Bornhop
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Denise M O'Hara
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Andover, MA, USA
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Zlobina KE, Guria GT. Platelet activation risk index as a prognostic thrombosis indicator. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30508. [PMID: 27461235 PMCID: PMC4962318 DOI: 10.1038/srep30508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation in blood flow under high, overcritical shear rates is initiated by Von Willebrand factor. Despite the large amount of experimental data that have been obtained, the value of the critical shear rate, above which von Willebrand factor starts to activate platelets, is still controversial. Here, we recommend a theoretical approach to elucidate how the critical blood shear rate is dependent on von Willebrand factor size. We derived a diagram of platelet activation according to the shear rate and von Willebrand factor multimer size. We succeeded in deriving an explicit formula for the dependence of the critical shear rate on von Willebrand factor molecule size. The platelet activation risk index was introduced. This index is dependent on the flow conditions, number of monomers in von Willebrand factor, and platelet sensitivity. Probable medical applications of the platelet activation risk index as a universal prognostic index are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Zlobina
- National Research Center for Hematology, 125167, Novy Zykovsky pr. 4, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Th Guria
- National Research Center for Hematology, 125167, Novy Zykovsky pr. 4, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Institututski per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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Byington MC, Safari MS, Conrad JC, Vekilov PG. Protein Conformational Flexibility Enables the Formation of Dense Liquid Clusters: Tests Using Solution Shear. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2339-2345. [PMID: 27267087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
According to recently proposed two-step nucleation mechanisms, crystal nuclei form within preexisting dense liquid clusters. Clusters with radii about 100 nm, which capture from 10(-7) to 10(-3) of the total protein, have been observed with numerous proteins and shown to host crystal nucleation. Theories aiming to understand the mesoscopic size and small protein fraction held in the clusters have proposed that in solutions of single-chain proteins, the clusters consist of partially misfolded protein molecules. To test this conjecture, we perturb the protein conformation by shearing solutions of the protein lysozyme. We demonstrate that shear rates greater than a threshold applied for longer than 1 h reduce the volume of the cluster population. The likely mechanism of the observed response involves enhanced partial unfolding of lysozyme molecules, which exposes hydrophobic surfaces between the constituent domains to the aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Byington
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Mohammad S Safari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Jacinta C Conrad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Peter G Vekilov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
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50
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A two-stage rotary blood pump design with potentially lower blood trauma: a computational study. Int J Artif Organs 2016; 39:178-83. [PMID: 27034319 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM In current rotary blood pumps, complications related to blood trauma due to shear stresses are still frequently observed clinically. Reducing the rotor tip speed might decrease blood trauma. Therefore, the aim of this project was to design a two-stage rotary blood pump leading to lower shear stresses. METHODS Using the principles of centrifugal pumps, two diagonal rotor stages were designed with an outer diameter of 22 mm. The first stage begins with a flow straightener and terminates with a diffusor, while a volute casing behind the second stage is utilized to guide fluid to the outlet. Both stages are combined into one rotating part which is pivoted by cup-socket ruby bearings. Details of the flow field were analyzed employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A functional model of the pump was fabricated and the pressure-flow dependency was experimentally assessed. RESULTS Measured pressure-flow performance of the developed pump indicated its ability to generate adequate pressure heads and flows with characteristic curves similar to centrifugal pumps. According to the CFD results, a pressure of 70 mmHg was produced at a flow rate of 5 L/min and a rotational speed of 3200 rpm. Circumferential velocities could be reduced to 3.7 m/s as compared to 6.2 m/s in a clinically used axial rotary blood pump. Flow fields were smooth with well-distributed pressure fields and comparatively few recirculation or vortices. Substantially smaller volumes were exposed to high shear stresses >150 Pa. CONCLUSIONS Hence, blood trauma might be reduced with this design. Based on these encouraging results, future in vitro investigations to investigate actual blood damage are intended.
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