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Pizzo F, Mangione MR, Librizzi F, Manno M, Martorana V, Noto R, Vilasi S. The Possible Role of the Type I Chaperonins in Human Insulin Self-Association. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030448. [PMID: 35330199 PMCID: PMC8949404 DOI: 10.3390/life12030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a hormone that attends to energy metabolism by regulating glucose levels in the bloodstream. It is synthesised within pancreas beta-cells where, before being released into the serum, it is stored in granules as hexamers coordinated by Zn2+ and further packaged in microcrystalline structures. The group I chaperonin cpn60, known for its assembly-assisting function, is present, together with its cochaperonin cpn10, at each step of the insulin secretory pathway. However, the exact function of the heat shock protein in insulin biosynthesis and processing is still far from being understood. Here we explore the possibility that the molecular machine cpn60/cpn10 could have a role in insulin hexameric assembly and its further crystallization. Moreover, we also evaluate their potential protective effect in pathological insulin aggregation. The experiments performed with the cpn60 bacterial homologue, GroEL, in complex with its cochaperonin GroES, by using spectroscopic methods, microscopy and hydrodynamic techniques, reveal that the chaperonins in vitro favour insulin hexameric organisation and inhibit its aberrant aggregation. These results provide new details in the field of insulin assembly and its related disorders.
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Intermittent mild cold stimulation improves the immunity and cold resistance of spleens in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101492. [PMID: 34695632 PMCID: PMC8554259 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of intermittent mild cold stimulation (IMCS) on immune function of spleens and adaptability to cold stress in broilers, 400 healthy 1-day-old Ross-308 chickens were divided into 5 groups: CC (control) reared in normal thermal environment from 1 to 49 d; CS3, CS4, CS5, and CS6 (treatments) raised at 3°C below the temperature of CC for 3, 4, 5, or 6 h at 1-d intervals from 15 to 35 d, respectively. Subsequently, CS3-6 was raised at 20°C from 36 to 49 d. At 50 d, all groups were exposed to acute cold stress (ACS) for 12 h. The spleen immunity index at 22, 29, 36, 43, and 49 d, expression levels of toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines and immunoglobulins at 22, 43, and 49 d and heat shock proteins (HSPs) before and after ACS at 50 d were examined. The spleen index of broilers aged 22 to 49 d did not differ between CS and CC (P > 0.05), and the spleen index of CS5 was higher than that of CS3 at 49 d (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of TLR5, TLR15, TLR21, and IL-2 in CS3, TLR3, TLR4, TLR15, TLR21, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-ϒ in CS4, TLR1, TLR3, TLR4, TLR21, IL-2, IFN-a, IFN-ϒ, IgA, and IgG in CS6, but all TLRs, immunoglobulins and cytokines except IFN-ϒ in CS5 differential expressed stably compared with CC at 43 and 49 d (P < 0.05). Compared with Pre-ACS, the mRNA levels of HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 were upregulated in CS after ACS (P < 0.05). Except for HSP90 mRNA and HSP70 protein in CS6, and HSP90 protein in CS3, the levels of HSPs after ACS in all treatment groups were higher than those in CC (P < 0.05), and the highest HSPs levels after ACS were found in CS5. We concluded that IMCS could enhance immunity of spleens and adaptability to ACS in broilers, besides CS5 was the optimal program.
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Krishnan-Sivadoss I, Mijares-Rojas IA, Villarreal-Leal RA, Torre-Amione G, Knowlton AA, Guerrero-Beltrán CE. Heat shock protein 60 and cardiovascular diseases: An intricate love-hate story. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:29-71. [PMID: 32808366 PMCID: PMC9290735 DOI: 10.1002/med.21723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the result of complex pathophysiological processes in the tissues comprising the heart and blood vessels. Inflammation is the main culprit for the development of cardiovascular dysfunction, and it may be traced to cellular stress events including apoptosis, oxidative and shear stress, and cellular and humoral immune responses, all of which impair the system's structure and function. An intracellular chaperone, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is an intriguing example of a protein that may both be an ally and a foe for cardiovascular homeostasis; on one hand providing protection against cellular injury, and on the other triggering damaging responses through innate and adaptive immunity. In this review we will discuss the functions of HSP60 and its effects on cells and the immune system regulation, only to later address its implications in the development and progression of CVD. Lastly, we summarize the outcome of various studies targeting HSP60 as a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Krishnan-Sivadoss
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Iván A Mijares-Rojas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Ramiro A Villarreal-Leal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Guillermo Torre-Amione
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.,Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Anne A Knowlton
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, University of California, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - C Enrique Guerrero-Beltrán
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
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Vilasi S, Carrotta R, Ricci C, Rappa GC, Librizzi F, Martorana V, Ortore MG, Mangione MR. Inhibition of Aβ 1-42 Fibrillation by Chaperonins: Human Hsp60 Is a Stronger Inhibitor than Its Bacterial Homologue GroEL. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3565-3574. [PMID: 31298838 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of pathological aggregates of amyloid beta peptide. Many efforts have been focused on understanding peptide aggregation pathways and on identification of molecules able to inhibit aggregation in order to find an effective therapy. As a result, interest in neuroprotective proteins, such as molecular chaperones, has increased as their normal function is to assist in protein folding or to facilitate the disaggregation and/or clearance of abnormal aggregate proteins. Using biophysical techniques, we evaluated the effects of two chaperones, human Hsp60 and bacterial GroEL, on the fibrillogenesis of Aβ1-42. Both chaperonins interfere with Aβ1-42 aggregation, but the effect of Hsp60 is more significant and correlates with its more pronounced flexibility and stronger interaction with ANS, an indicator of hydrophobic regions. Dose-dependent ThT fluorescence kinetics and SAXS experiments reveal that Hsp60 does not change the nature of the molecular processes stochastically leading to the formation of seeds, but strongly delays them by recognition of hydrophobic sites of some peptide species crucial for triggering amyloid formation. Hsp60 reduces the initial chaotic heterogeneity of Aβ1-42 sample at high concentration regimes. The understanding of chaperone action in counteracting pathological aggregation could be a starting point for potential new therapeutic strategies against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vilasi
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Rita Carrotta
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Caterina Ricci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Librizzi
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Martorana
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ortore
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 60131, Italy
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Vilasi S, Bulone D, Caruso Bavisotto C, Campanella C, Marino Gammazza A, San Biagio PL, Cappello F, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL. Chaperonin of Group I: Oligomeric Spectrum and Biochemical and Biological Implications. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 4:99. [PMID: 29423396 PMCID: PMC5788889 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperonins play various physiological roles and can also be pathogenic. Elucidation of their structure, e.g., oligomeric status and post-translational modifications (PTM), is necessary to understand their functions and mechanisms of action in health and disease. Group I chaperonins form tetradecamers with two stacked heptameric rings. The tetradecamer is considered the typical functional complex for folding of client polypeptides. However, other forms such as the monomer and oligomers with smaller number of subunits than the classical tetradecamer, also occur in cells. The properties and functions of the monomer and oligomers, and their roles in chaperonin-associated diseases are still incompletely understood. Chaperonin I in eukaryotes occurs in various locations, not just the mitochondrion, which is its canonical place of residence and function. Eukaryotic Chaperonin I, namely Hsp60 (designated HSP60 or HSPD1 in humans) has, indeed, been found in the cytosol; the plasma-cell membrane; on the outer surface of cells; in the intercellular space; in biological liquids such as lymph, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid; and in secretions, for instance saliva and urine. Hsp60 has also been found in cell-derived vesicles such as exosomes. The functions of Hsp60 in all these non-canonical locales are still poorly characterized and one of the questions not yet answered is in what form, i.e., monomer or oligomer, is the chaperonin present in these non-canonical locations. In view of the steady increase in interest on chaperonopathies over the last several years, we have studied human HSP60 to determine its role in various diseases, its locations in cells and tissues and migrations in the body, and its post-translational modifications that might have an impact on its location and function. We also carried out experiments to characterize the oligomeric status of extramitochondrial of HSP60 in solution. Here, we provide an overview of our results, focusing on the oligomeric equilibrium and stability of the various forms of HSP60 in comparison with GroEL. We also discuss post-translational modifications associated with anti-cancer drugs to indicate the potential of Hsp60 in Medicine, as a biomarker and etiopathogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vilasi
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Donatella Bulone
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Campanella
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cappello
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Giacomazza D, Viappiani C, Cera ED, Musio C. SIBPA under the Tuscan sun: Introduction to the SIBPA XXIII Special Issue. Biophys Chem 2017; 229:1-4. [PMID: 28941613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Italian Society for Pure and Applied Biophysics (SIBPA) held its XXIII National Congress in the gorgeous Tuscan town of Cortona, Italy, on September 18-21, 2016. This special issue features a selection of contributions from the Congress in the areas of molecular, applied, cellular and computational biophysics. Cutting-edge developments in nanoscale biophysics were introduced for the first time in the program. SIBPA continues its successful promotion of biophysical disciplines at the national and international levels, with added strength from its partnership with Biophysical Chemistry and Elsevier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giacomazza
- CNR Institute of Biophysics, Unit at Palermo, Via U. La Malfa 153, Palermo, I
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, I
| | - Enrico Di Cera
- Edward A. Doisy Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Carlo Musio
- CNR Institute of Biophysics, Unit at Trento, Via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, I
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