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Diloknawarit B, Lee K, Choo P, Odom TW. Nanoparticle Anisotropy Increases Targeting Interactions on Live-Cell Membranes. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12537-12546. [PMID: 38684051 PMCID: PMC11252448 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes how branch lengths of anisotropic nanoparticles can affect interactions between grafted ligands and cell-membrane receptors. Using live-cell, single-particle tracking, we found that DNA aptamer-gold nanostar nanoconstructs with longer branches showed improved binding efficacy to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) on cancer cell membranes. Inhibiting nanoconstruct-HER2 binding promoted nonspecific interactions, which increased the rotational speed of long-branched nanoconstructs but did not affect that of short-branched constructs. Bivariate analysis of the rotational and translational dynamics showed that longer branch lengths increased the ratio of targeting to nontargeting interactions. We also found that longer branches increased the nanoconstruct-cell interaction times before internalization and decreased intracellular trafficking velocities. Differences in binding efficacy revealed by single-particle dynamics can be attributed to the distinct protein corona distributions on short- and long-branched nanoconstructs, as validated by transmission electron microscopy. Minimal protein adsorption at the high positive curvature tips of long-branched nanoconstructs facilitated binding of DNA aptamer ligands to HER2. Our study reveals the significance of nanoparticle branch length in regulating local chemical environment and interactions with live cells at the single-particle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bundit Diloknawarit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kwahun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Priscilla Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Teri W Odom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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2
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Wu YL, Lee K, Diloknawarit B, Odom TW. Ligand Separation on Nanoconstructs Affects Targeting Selectivity to Protein Dimers on Cell Membranes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:519-524. [PMID: 38126338 PMCID: PMC11252445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates that targeting ligand density on nanoparticles can affect interactions between the nanoconstructs and cell membrane receptors. We discovered that when the separation between covalently grafted DNA aptamers on gold nanostars was comparable to the distance between binding sites on a receptor dimer (matched density; MD), nanoconstructs exhibited a higher selectivity for binding to the dimeric form of the protein. Single-particle dynamics of MD nanoconstructs showed slower rotational rates and larger translational footprints on cancer cells expressing more dimeric forms of receptors (dimer+) compared with cells having more monomeric forms (dimer-). In contrast, nanoconstructs with either increased (nonmatched density; NDlow) or decreased ligand spacing (NDhigh) had minimal changes in dynamics on either dimer+ or dimer- cells. Real-time, single-particle analyses can reveal the importance of nanoconstruct ligand density for the selective targeting of membrane receptors in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Leo Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kwahun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Bundit Diloknawarit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Teri W Odom
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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3
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Akbarishandiz S, Khani S, Maia J. Adhesion dynamics of functionalized nanocarriers to endothelial cells: a dissipative particle dynamics study. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:9254-9268. [PMID: 38009071 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00865g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery to endothelial cells utilizing functionalized nanocarriers (NCs) is an essential procedure in therapeutic and diagnosis therapies. Using dissipative particle dynamics simulation, NCs have been designed and combined with an endothelial environment, such as the endothelial glycocalyx (EG) layer, receptors, water, and cell wall. Furthermore, the energy landscapes of the functionalized NC with the endothelial cell have been analyzed as a function of properties such as the shape, size, initial orientation, and ligand density of NCs. Our results show that an appropriate higher ligand density for each particular NC provides more driving forces than barriers for the penetration of the NCs. Herein we report the importance of shell entropy loss for the NC shape effect on the adhesion and penetration into the EG layer. Moreover, the rotation of the disc shape NC as a wheel during the penetration is an extra driving force for its further inclusion. By increasing the NCs' size larger than the appropriate size for each particular ligand density, due to an increase in the NCs' shell entropy loss, the barriers surpass the driving forces for NC penetration. Furthermore, the parallel orientation provides the NCs with the best penetration capabilities. However, the rotation of the disc shape NCs enhances their diffusion in the perpendicular orientation too. Overall, our findings highlight the crucial role of the shell entropy loss in governing the penetration of NCs. Besides, studying NCs with a homogeneous ligand composition enabled us to cross barriers and probe energetics after the complete inclusion of the NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Akbarishandiz
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, USA.
| | - Shaghayegh Khani
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, USA.
| | - Joao Maia
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, USA.
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Dong N, Liu Z, He H, Lu Y, Qi J, Wu W. "Hook&Loop" multivalent interactions based on disk-shaped nanoparticles strengthen active targeting. J Control Release 2023; 354:279-293. [PMID: 36641117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
How to enhance active targeting efficiency remains a challenge. Multivalent interactions play a crucial role in improving the binding ability between ligands and receptors. It is hypothesized that nanoparticles bearing a flat conformation attain simultaneous formation of multiple ligand-receptor bindings, which could be vividly metaphorized by the "Hook&Loop" rationale. In this study, spherical, rod-shaped and disk-shaped folic acid-modified red blood cell membrane-coated biomimetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FRMSNs) were prepared to verify the shape-based multivalent interactions. The fundamental concepts of multivalent interactions have been proved by a series of both in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Physical characterization confirmed the morphology, shape and surface features of FRMSNs. Strengthened binding and internalization of disk-shaped FRMSNs by K562 cells stresses the merits of multivalent interactions. Whereas Bio-TEM visually demonstrates the proposed "plane" contact of disk-shaped particles with cells, quantification further confirmed strengthened "plane" binding affinity with folate binding proteins owing to multivalent interactions. In K562 xenograft mice, doxorubicin-loaded disk-shaped FRMSNs effectively slowed down chronic myeloid leukemia progression. It is concluded that disks favor multivalent interactions which leads to enhanced active targeting efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Dong
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haisheng He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai 201203, China.
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5
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Glass EM, Kulkarni S, Eng C, Feng S, Malaviya A, Radhakrishnan R. Multiphysics pharmacokinetic model for targeted nanoparticles. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:934015. [PMID: 35909883 PMCID: PMC9335923 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.934015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) are being increasingly explored as vehicles for targeted drug delivery because they can overcome free therapeutic limitations by drug encapsulation, thereby increasing solubility and transport across cell membranes. However, a translational gap exists from animal to human studies resulting in only several NP having FDA approval. Because of this, researchers have begun to turn toward physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to guide in vivo NP experimentation. However, typical PBPK models use an empirically derived framework that cannot be universally applied to varying NP constructs and experimental settings. The purpose of this study was to develop a physics-based multiscale PBPK compartmental model for determining continuous NP biodistribution. We successfully developed two versions of a physics-based compartmental model, models A and B, and validated the models with experimental data. The more physiologically relevant model (model B) had an output that more closely resembled experimental data as determined by normalized root mean squared deviation (NRMSD) analysis. A branched model was developed to enable the model to account for varying NP sizes. With the help of the branched model, we were able to show that branching in vasculature causes enhanced uptake of NP in the organ tissue. The models were solved using two of the most popular computational platforms, MATLAB and Julia. Our experimentation with the two suggests the highly optimized ODE solver package DifferentialEquations.jl in Julia outperforms MATLAB when solving a stiff system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We experimented with solving our PBPK model with a neural network using Julia's Flux.jl package. We were able to demonstrate that a neural network can learn to solve a system of ODEs when the system can be made non-stiff via quasi-steady-state approximation (QSSA). Our model incorporates modules that account for varying NP surface chemistries, multiscale vascular hydrodynamic effects, and effects of the immune system to create a more comprehensive and modular model for predicting NP biodistribution in a variety of NP constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Glass
- Department of Computational Applied Mathematics and Statistics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sahil Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christina Eng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shurui Feng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Avishi Malaviya
- Department of Bioengineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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6
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Diaz-Salmeron R, Toussaint B, Cailleau C, Ponchel G, Bouchemal K. Morphology‐Dependent Bioadhesion and Bioelimination of Hyaluronan Particles Administered in the Bladder. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Diaz-Salmeron
- Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612 Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Balthazar Toussaint
- Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612 Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Catherine Cailleau
- Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612 Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Gilles Ponchel
- Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612 Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Kawthar Bouchemal
- Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612 Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry France
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Jeong W, Bu J, Jafari R, Rehak P, Kubiatowicz LJ, Drelich AJ, Owen RH, Nair A, Rawding PA, Poellmann MJ, Hopkins CM, Král P, Hong S. Hierarchically Multivalent Peptide-Nanoparticle Architectures: A Systematic Approach to Engineer Surface Adhesion. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103098. [PMID: 34894089 PMCID: PMC8811846 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The multivalent binding effect has been the subject of extensive studies to modulate adhesion behaviors of various biological and engineered systems. However, precise control over the strong avidity-based binding remains a significant challenge. Here, a set of engineering strategies are developed and tested to systematically enhance the multivalent binding of peptides in a stepwise manner. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are employed to increase local peptide densities on a substrate, resulting in hierarchically multivalent architectures (HMAs) that display multivalent dendrimer-peptide conjugates (DPCs) with various configurations. To control binding behaviors, effects of the three major components of the HMAs are investigated: i) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linkers as spacers between conjugated peptides; ii) multiple peptides on the DPCs; and iii) various surface arrangements of HMAs (i.e., a mixture of DPCs each containing different peptides vs DPCs cofunctionalized with multiple peptides). The optimized HMA configuration enables significantly enhanced target cell binding with high selectivity compared to the control surfaces directly conjugated with peptides. The engineering approaches presented herein can be applied individually or in combination, providing guidelines for the effective utilization of biomolecular multivalent interactions using DPC-based HMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo‐jin Jeong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division and Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano)School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison777 Highland AveMadisonWI53705USA
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioengineeringInha University100 Inha‐ro, Michuhol‐guIncheon22212Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Bu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division and Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano)School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison777 Highland AveMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Roya Jafari
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago845 W Taylor StChicagoIL60607USA
| | - Pavel Rehak
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago845 W Taylor StChicagoIL60607USA
| | - Luke J. Kubiatowicz
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division and Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano)School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison777 Highland AveMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Adam J. Drelich
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division and Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano)School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison777 Highland AveMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Randall H. Owen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division and Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano)School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison777 Highland AveMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Ashita Nair
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division and Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano)School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison777 Highland AveMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Piper A. Rawding
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division and Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano)School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison777 Highland AveMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Michael J. Poellmann
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division and Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano)School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison777 Highland AveMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Caroline M. Hopkins
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division and Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano)School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison777 Highland AveMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Petr Král
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago845 W Taylor StChicagoIL60607USA
- Departments of Physics, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Chicago845 W Taylor StChicagoIL60607USA
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division and Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems (WisCNano)School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison777 Highland AveMadisonWI53705USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Wisconsin‐Madison1550 Engineering Dr.MadisonWI53705USA
- Yonsei Frontier LabDepartment of PharmacyYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐guSeoul03722Republic of Korea
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8
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Farokhirad S, Kandy SK, Tsourkas A, Ayyaswamy PS, Eckmann DM, Radhakrishnan R. Biophysical Considerations in the Rational Design and Cellular Targeting of Flexible Polymeric Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2021; 8:2101290. [PMID: 35782961 PMCID: PMC9248849 DOI: 10.1002/admi.202101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
How nanoparticle (NP) mechanical properties impact multivalent ligand-receptor-mediated binding to cell surfaces, the avidity, propensity for internalization, and effects due to crowding remains unknown or unquantified. Through computational analyses, the effects of NP composition from soft, deformable NPs to rigid spheres, effect of tethers, the crowding of NPs at the membrane surface, and the cell membrane properties such as cytoskeletal interactions are addressed. Analyses of binding mechanisms of three distinct NPs that differ in type and rigidity (core-corona flexible NP, rigid NP, and rigid-tethered NP) but are otherwise similar in size and ligand surface density are reported; moreover, for the case of flexible NP, NP stiffness is tuned by varying the internal crosslinking density. Biophysical modeling of NP binding to membranes together with thermodynamic analysis powered by free energy calculations is employed, and it is shown that efficient cellular targeting and uptake of NP functionalized with targeting ligand molecules can be shaped by factors including NP flexibility and crowding, receptor-ligand binding avidity, state of the membrane cytoskeleton, and curvature inducing proteins. Rational design principles that confer tension, membrane excess area, and cytoskeletal sensing properties to the NP which can be exploited for cell-specific targeting of NP are uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Farokhirad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07114, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sreeja Kutti Kandy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Portonovo S Ayyaswamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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9
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Makhani EY, Zhang A, Haun JB. Quantifying and controlling bond multivalency for advanced nanoparticle targeting to cells. NANO CONVERGENCE 2021; 8:38. [PMID: 34846580 PMCID: PMC8633263 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-021-00288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have drawn intense interest as delivery agents for diagnosing and treating various cancers. Much of the early success was driven by passive targeting mechanisms such as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, but this has failed to lead to the expected clinical successes. Active targeting involves binding interactions between the nanoparticle and cancer cells, which promotes tumor cell-specific accumulation and internalization. Furthermore, nanoparticles are large enough to facilitate multiple bond formation, which can improve adhesive properties substantially in comparison to the single bond case. While multivalent binding is universally believed to be an attribute of nanoparticles, it is a complex process that is still poorly understood and difficult to control. In this review, we will first discuss experimental studies that have elucidated roles for parameters such as nanoparticle size and shape, targeting ligand and target receptor densities, and monovalent binding kinetics on multivalent nanoparticle adhesion efficiency and cellular internalization. Although such experimental studies are very insightful, information is limited and confounded by numerous differences across experimental systems. Thus, we focus the second part of the review on theoretical aspects of binding, including kinetics, biomechanics, and transport physics. Finally, we discuss various computational and simulation studies of nanoparticle adhesion, including advanced treatments that compare directly to experimental results. Future work will ideally continue to combine experimental data and advanced computational studies to extend our knowledge of multivalent adhesion, as well as design the most powerful nanoparticle-based agents to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Y Makhani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ailin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 3107 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jered B Haun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 3107 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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10
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Teunissen AJP, Burnett ME, Prévot G, Klein ED, Bivona D, Mulder WJM. Embracing nanomaterials' interactions with the innate immune system. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1719. [PMID: 33847441 PMCID: PMC8511354 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has firmly established itself as a compelling avenue for treating disease. Although many clinically approved immunotherapeutics engage the adaptive immune system, therapeutically targeting the innate immune system remains much less explored. Nanomedicine offers a compelling opportunity for innate immune system engagement, as many nanomaterials inherently interact with myeloid cells (e.g., monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells) or can be functionalized to target their cell-surface receptors. Here, we provide a perspective on exploiting nanomaterials for innate immune system regulation. We focus on specific nanomaterial design parameters, including size, form, rigidity, charge, and surface decoration. Furthermore, we examine the potential of high-throughput screening and machine learning, while also providing recommendations for advancing the field. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J. P. Teunissen
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marianne E. Burnett
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Geoffrey Prévot
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emma D. Klein
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Bivona
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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11
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Abstract
Pathogen attachment to host tissue is critical in the progress of many infections. Bacteria use adhesion in vivo to stabilize colonization and subsequently regulate the deployment of contact-dependent virulence traits. To specifically target host cells, they decorate themselves with adhesins, proteins that bind to mammalian cell surface receptors. One common assumption is that adhesin-receptor interactions entirely govern bacterial attachment. However, how adhesins engage with their receptors in an in vivo-like context remains unclear, in particular under the influence of a heterogeneous mechanical microenvironment. We here investigate the biophysical processes governing bacterial adhesion to host cells using a tunable adhesin-receptor system. By dynamically visualizing attachment, we found that bacterial adhesion to host cell surface, unlike adhesion to inert surfaces, involves two consecutive steps. Bacteria initially attach to their host without engaging adhesins. This step lasts about 1 min, during which bacteria can easily detach. We found that at this stage, the glycocalyx, a layer of glycosylated proteins and lipids, shields the host cell by keeping adhesins away from their receptor ligand. In a second step, adhesins engage with their target receptors to strengthen attachment for minutes to hours. The active properties of the membrane, endowed by the actin cytoskeleton, strengthen specific adhesion. Altogether, our results demonstrate that adhesin-ligand binding is not the sole regulator of bacterial adhesion. In fact, the host cell’s surface mechanical microenvironment mediates the physical interactions between host and bacteria, thereby playing an essential role in the onset of infection.
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12
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Mathew S, Taleb S, Eid AH, Althani AA, Yassine HM. In silico virtual screening of lead compounds for major antigenic sites in respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 5:295-305. [PMID: 33969268 PMCID: PMC8090912 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading ubiquitous respiratory pathogen in newborn infants, young children, and the elderly, with no vaccine available to date. The viral fusion glycoprotein (RSV F) plays an essential role in the infection process, and it is a primary target of neutralizing antibodies, making it an attractive site for vaccine development. With this in view, there is a persistent need to identify selective antiviral drugs against RSV, targeting the major antigenic sites on the F protein. We aimed to conduct a robust in silico high-throughput drug screening of one million compounds to explore potential inhibitors that bind the major antigenic site Ø and site II on RSV F protein, which are the main target of neutralizing antibodies (NAb). We utilized the three-dimensional crystallographic structure of both antigenic site Ø on pre-F and antigenic II on post-F to screen for potential anti-RSV inhibitors. A library of one million small compounds was docked to explore lead binders in the major antigenic sites by using virtual lab bench CLC Drug Discovery. We also performed Quantitative Structure-Activity and Relationship (QSAR) for the lead best binders known for their antiviral activity. Among one million tested ligands, seven ligands (PubChem ID: 3714418, 24787350, 49828911, 24802036, 79824892, 49726463, and 3139884) were identified as the best binders to neutralizing epitopes site Ø and four ligands (PubChem ID: 865999, 17505357, 24802036, and 24285058) to neutralizing epitopes site II, respectively. These binders exhibited significant interactions with neutralizing epitopes on RSV F, with an average of six H bonds, docking energy of - 15.43 Kcal·mol-1, and minimum interaction energy of - 7.45 Kcal·mol-1. Using in silico virtual screening, we identified potential RSV inhibitors that bind two major antigenic sites on the RSV F protein. Using structure-based design and combination-based drug therapy, identified molecules could be modified to generate the next generation anti-RSV drugs. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42247-021-00213-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Mathew
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713 Qatar
| | - Sara Taleb
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Asmaa A. Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713 Qatar
- College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713 Qatar
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713 Qatar
- College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713 Qatar
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13
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Böhmer VI, Szymanski W, Feringa BL, Elsinga PH. Multivalent Probes in Molecular Imaging: Reality or Future? Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:379-393. [PMID: 33436332 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly developing field of molecular medical imaging focuses on specific visualization of (patho)physiological processes through the application of imaging agents (IAs) in multiple clinical modalities. Although our understanding of the principles underlying efficient IAs design has increased tremendously, many IAs still show poor in vivo imaging performance because of low binding affinity and/or specificity. These limitations can be addressed by taking advantage of multivalency, in which multiple copies of a ligand are employed to strengthen the interaction. We critically address specific challenges associated with the application of multivalent compounds in molecular imaging, and we give directions for a stepwise approach to the design of multivalent imaging probes to improve their target binding and pharmacokinetics (PK) for improved diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena I Böhmer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands; Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AF, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AF, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AF, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Choo P, Liu T, Odom TW. Nanoparticle Shape Determines Dynamics of Targeting Nanoconstructs on Cell Membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4550-4555. [PMID: 33735562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle carriers are effective drug delivery vehicles. Along with other design parameters including size, composition, and surface charge, particle shape strongly influences cellular uptake. How nanoparticle geometry affects targeted delivery under physiologically relevant conditions, however, is inconclusive. Here, we demonstrate that nanoconstruct core shape influences the dynamics of targeting ligand-receptor interactions on cancer cell membranes. By single-particle tracking of translational and rotational motion, we compared DNA aptamer AS1411 conjugated gold nanostars (AS1411-AuNS) and 50 nm gold spheres (AS1411-50NPs) on cells with and without targeted nucleolin membrane receptors. On nucleolin-expressing cells, AS1411-AuNS exhibited faster velocities under directed diffusion and translated over larger areas during restricted diffusion compared to AS1411-50NPs, despite their similar protein corona profiles. On nucleolin-inhibited cells, AS1411-AuNS showed faster rotation dynamics over smaller translational areas, while AS1411-50NPs did not display significant changes in translation. These differences in translational and rotational motions indicate that nanoparticle shape affects how targeting nanoconstructs bind to cell-membrane receptors.
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15
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Eckmann DM, Bradley RP, Kandy SK, Patil K, Janmey PA, Radhakrishnan R. Multiscale modeling of protein membrane interactions for nanoparticle targeting in drug delivery. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 64:104-110. [PMID: 32731155 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-based imaging and drug delivery systems for systemic (e.g. intravenous) therapeutic and diagnostic applications are inherently a complex integration of biology and engineering. A broad range of length and time scales are essential to hydrodynamic and microscopic molecular interactions mediating NP (drug nanocarriers, imaging agents) motion in blood flow, cell binding/uptake, and tissue accumulation. A computational model of time-dependent tissue delivery, providing in silico prediction of organ-specific accumulation of NPs, can be leveraged in NP design and clinical applications. In this article, we provide the current state-of-the-art and future outlook for the development of predictive models for NP transport, targeting, and distribution through the integration of new computational schemes rooted in statistical mechanics and transport. The resulting multiscale model will comprehensively incorporate: (i) hydrodynamic interactions in the vascular scales relevant to NP margination; (ii) physical and mechanical forces defining cellular and tissue architecture and epitope accessibility mediating NP adhesion; and (iii) subcellular and paracellular interactions including molecular-level targeting impacting NP uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ryan P Bradley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sreeja K Kandy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keshav Patil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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16
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Bhowmik D, Culver KSB, Liu T, Odom TW. Resolving Single-Nanoconstruct Dynamics during Targeting and Nontargeting Live-Cell Membrane Interactions. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13637-13644. [PMID: 31398007 PMCID: PMC7830831 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes how differences in the dynamics of targeting and nontargeting constructs can provide information on nanoparticle (NP)-cell interactions. We probed translational and rotational dynamics of functionalized Au nanostar (AuNS) nanoconstructs interacting with cells in serum-containing medium. We found that AuNS with targeting ligands had a larger dynamical footprint and faster rotational speed on cell membranes expressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) receptors compared to that of AuNS with nontargeting ligands. Targeting and nontargeting nanoconstructs displayed distinct membrane dynamics despite their similar protein adsorption profiles, which suggests that targeted interactions are preserved even in the presence of a protein corona. The high sensitivity of single-NP dynamics can be used to compare different nanoconstruct properties (such as NP size, shape, and surface chemistry) to improve their design as delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kayla S. B. Culver
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Teri W. Odom
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone: +1 (847) 491-7674.
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17
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Farokhirad S, Bradley RP, Radhakrishnan R. Thermodynamic analysis of multivalent binding of functionalized nanoparticles to membrane surface reveals the importance of membrane entropy and nanoparticle entropy in adhesion of flexible nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9271-9286. [PMID: 31670338 PMCID: PMC6868310 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01653h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a quantitative model for multivalent binding of ligand-coated flexible polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) to a flexible membrane expressing receptors. The model is developed using a multiscale computational framework by coupling a continuum field model for the cell membrane with a coarse-grained model for the polymeric NPs. The NP is modeled as a self-avoiding bead-spring polymer chain, and the cell membrane is modeled as a triangulated surface using the dynamically triangulated Monte Carlo method. The nanoparticle binding affinity to a cell surface is mainly determined by the delicate balance between the enthalpic gain due to the multivalent ligand-receptor binding and the entropic penalties of various components including receptor translation, membrane undulation, and NP conformation. We have developed new methods to compute the free energy of binding, which includes these enthalpy and entropy terms. We show that the multivalent interactions between the flexible NP and the cell surface are subject to entropy-enthalpy compensation. Three different entropy contributions, namely, those due to receptor-ligand translation, NP flexibility, and membrane undulations, are all significant, although the first of these terms is the most dominant. However, both NP flexibility and membrane undulations dictate the receptor-ligand translational entropy making the entropy compensation context-specific, i.e., dependent on whether the NP is rigid or flexible, and on the state of the membrane given by the value of membrane tension or its excess area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Farokhirad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Ryan P Bradley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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18
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Makowski M, Silva ÍC, Pais do Amaral C, Gonçalves S, Santos NC. Advances in Lipid and Metal Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Peptide Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E588. [PMID: 31717337 PMCID: PMC6920925 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been described as excellent candidates to overcome antibiotic resistance. Frequently, AMPs exhibit a wide therapeutic window, with low cytotoxicity and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens. In addition, some AMPs are also able to modulate the immune response, decreasing potential harmful effects such as sepsis. Despite these benefits, only a few formulations have successfully reached clinics. A common flaw in the druggability of AMPs is their poor pharmacokinetics, common to several peptide drugs, as they may be degraded by a myriad of proteases inside the organism. The combination of AMPs with carrier nanoparticles to improve delivery may enhance their half-life, decreasing the dosage and thus, reducing production costs and eventual toxicity. Here, we present the most recent advances in lipid and metal nanodevices for AMP delivery, with a special focus on metal nanoparticles and liposome formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.M.); (Í.C.S.); (C.P.d.A.)
| | - Nuno C. Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.M.); (Í.C.S.); (C.P.d.A.)
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19
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Kandy SK, Radhakrishnan R. Emergent membrane morphologies in relaxed and tense membranes in presence of reversible adhesive pinning interactions. Phys Biol 2019; 16:066011. [PMID: 31561242 PMCID: PMC6830734 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab48d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The morphologies of cell membranes, and specifically the local curvature distributions are determined either by its intrinsic components such as lipids and membrane-associated proteins or by the adhesion forces due to membrane interactions with the cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix (ECM) and other cells in the tissue, as well as physical variables such as membrane and frame tensions. We present a computational analysis for a model of pinned membranes based on the dynamically triangulated Monte Carlo (MC) model for membranes. We show that membrane adhesion to ECM or a substrate promotes curvature generation on cell membranes, and this process depends on the excess area, or equivalently membrane tension, and the density of adhesion sites. This biophysics based model predicts adhesion induced biogenesis of microvesicles in cell membranes. For a moderate density of adhesion sites and high excess membrane area, an increase in membrane tension can result in the formation of microvesicles and tubules on the membrane. We also demonstrate the significance of intrinsically curved proteins in promoting vesiculation on pinned membranes. The results presented here are relevant to the understanding of microvesicle biogenesis and curved membrane topographies due to physical factors such as substrate stiffness and ECM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Kutti Kandy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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20
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Radhakrishnan R, Farokhirad S, Eckmann DM, Ayyaswamy PS. Nanoparticle transport phenomena in confined flows. ADVANCES IN HEAT TRANSFER 2019; 51:55-129. [PMID: 31692964 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiht.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles submerged in confined flow fields occur in several technological applications involving heat and mass transfer in nanoscale systems. Describing the transport with nanoparticles in confined flows poses additional challenges due to the coupling between the thermal effects and fluid forces. Here, we focus on the relevant literature related to Brownian motion, hydrodynamic interactions and transport associated with nanoparticles in confined flows. We review the literature on the several techniques that are based on the principles of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and computational fluid dynamics in order to simultaneously preserve the fluctuation-dissipation relationship and the prevailing hydrodynamic correlations. Through a review of select examples, we discuss the treatments of the temporal dynamics from the colloidal scales to the molecular scales pertaining to nanoscale fluid dynamics and heat transfer. As evident from this review, there, indeed has been little progress made in regard to the accurate modeling of heat transport in nanofluids flowing in confined geometries such as tubes. Therefore the associated mechanisms with such processes remain unexplained. This review has revealed that the information available in open literature on the transport properties of nanofluids is often contradictory and confusing. It has been very difficult to draw definitive conclusions. The quality of work reported on this topic is non-uniform. A significant portion of this review pertains to the treatment of the fluid dynamic aspects of the nanoparticle transport problem. By simultaneously treating the energy transport in ways discussed in this review as related to momentum transport, the ultimate goal of understanding nanoscale heat transport in confined flows may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Samaneh Farokhirad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Portonovo S Ayyaswamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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21
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Dzuricky M, Xiong S, Weber P, Chilkoti A. Avidity and Cell Uptake of Integrin-Targeting Polypeptide Micelles is Strongly Shape-Dependent. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6124-6132. [PMID: 31389705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe a genetically encoded micelle for targeted delivery consisting of a diblock polypeptide with segments derived from repetitive protein motifs inspired by Drosophila melanogaster Rec-1 resilin and human tropoelastin with a C-terminal fusion of an integrin-targeting fibronectin type III domain. By systematically varying the weight fraction of the hydrophilic elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) block and molecular weight of the diblock polypeptide, we designed micelles of different morphologies that modulate the binding avidity of the human wild-type 10th fibronectin domain (Fn3) as a function of shape. We show that wormlike micelles that present the Fn3 domain have a 1000-fold greater avidity for the αvβ3 receptor compared to the monomer ligand and an avidity that is greater than a clinically relevant antibody that is driven by their multivalency. The amplified avidity of these micelles leads to significantly increased cellular internalization, a feature that may have utility for the intracellular delivery of drugs that are loaded into the core of these micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dzuricky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Sinan Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Patrick Weber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute , University of Basel , Basel 4056 , Switzerland
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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22
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Tito NB. Multivalent “attacker and guard” strategy for targeting surfaces with low receptor density. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:184907. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5086277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Tito
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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23
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Farokhirad S, Ranganathan A, Myerson J, Muzykantov VR, Ayyaswamy PS, Eckmann DM, Radhakrishnan R. Stiffness can mediate balance between hydrodynamic forces and avidity to impact the targeting of flexible polymeric nanoparticles in flow. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:6916-6928. [PMID: 30912772 PMCID: PMC7376444 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09594a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report computational investigations of deformable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) under colloidal suspension flow and adhesive environment. We employ a coarse-grained model for the polymeric NP and perform Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations with hydrodynamic interactions and in the presence of wall-confinement, particulate margination, and wall-adhesion for obtaining NP microstructure, shape, and anisotropic and inhomogeneous transport properties for different NP stiffness. These microscopic properties are utilized in solving the Fokker-Planck equation to obtain the spatial distribution of NP subject to shear, margination due to colloidal microparticles, and confinement due to a vessel wall. Comparing our computational results for the amount of NP margination to the near-wall adhesion regime with those of our binding experiments in cell culture under shear, we found quantitative agreement on shear-enhanced binding, the effect of particulate volume fraction, and the effect of NP stiffness. For the experimentally realized polymeric NP, our model predicts that the shear and volume fraction mediated enhancement in targeting has a hydrodynamic transport origin and is not due to a multivalent binding effect. However, for ultrasoft polymeric NPs, our model predicts a substantial increase in targeting due to multivalent binding. Our results are also in general agreement with experiments of tissue targeting measurements in vivo in mice, however, one needs to exercise caution in extending the modeling treatment to in vivo conditions owing to model approximations. The reported combined computational approach and results are expected to enable fine-tuning of design and optimization of flexible NP in targeted drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Farokhirad
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Csizmar CM, Petersburg JR, Perry TJ, Rozumalski L, Hackel BJ, Wagner CR. Multivalent Ligand Binding to Cell Membrane Antigens: Defining the Interplay of Affinity, Valency, and Expression Density. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:251-261. [PMID: 30507196 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nature uses multivalency to govern many biological processes. The development of macromolecular and cellular therapies has largely been dependent on engineering similar polyvalent interactions to enable effective targeting. Such therapeutics typically utilize high-affinity binding domains that have the propensity to recognize both antigen-overexpressing tumors and normal-expressing tissues, leading to "on-target, off-tumor" toxicities. One strategy to improve these agents' selectivity is to reduce the binding affinity, such that biologically relevant interactions between the therapeutic and target cell will only exist under conditions of high avidity. Preclinical studies have validated this principle of avidity optimization in the context of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells; however, a rigorous analysis of this approach in the context of soluble multivalent targeting scaffolds has yet to be undertaken. Using a modular protein nanoring capable of displaying ≤8 fibronectin domains with engineered specificity for a model antigen, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), this study demonstrates that binding affinity and ligand valency can be optimized to afford discrimination between EpCAMHigh (2.8-3.8 × 106 antigens/cell) and EpCAMLow (5.2 × 104 to 2.2 × 105 antigens/cell) tissues both in vitro and in vivo.
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