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Gross ME, Elliott JC, Schooler JW. Why creatives don't find the oddball odd: Neural and psychological evidence for atypical salience processing. Brain Cogn 2024; 178:106178. [PMID: 38823196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Creativity has previously been linked with various attentional phenomena, including unfocused or broad attention. Although this has typically been interpreted through an executive functioning framework, such phenomena may also arise from atypical incentive salience processing. Across two studies, we examine this hypothesis both neurally and psychologically. First we examine the relationship between figural creativity and event-related potentials during an audio-visual oddball task, finding that rater creativity of drawings is associated with a diminished P300 response at midline electrodes, while abstractness and elaborateness of the drawings is associated with an altered distribution of the P300 over posterior electrodes. These findings support the notion that creativity may involve an atypical attribution of salience to prominent information. We further explore the incentive salience hypothesis by examining relationships between creativity and a psychological indicator of incentive salience captured by participants' ratings of enjoyment (liking) and their motivation to pursue (wanting) diverse real world rewards, as well as their positive spontaneous thoughts about those rewards. Here we find enhanced motivation to pursue activities as well as a reduced relationship between the overall tendency to enjoy rewards and the tendency to pursue them. Collectively, these findings indicate that creativity may be associated with atypical allocation of attentional and motivational resources to novel and rewarding information, potentially allowing more types of information access to attentional resources and motivating more diverse behaviors. We discuss the possibility that salience attribution in creatives may be less dependent on task-relevance or hedonic pleasure, and suggest that atypical salience attribution may represent a trait-like feature of creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine E Gross
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - James C Elliott
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Jonathan W Schooler
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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2
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Heldmann M, Rinckens C, Brüggemann N, Al-Khaled M, Münte TF. Creative thinking and cognitive estimation in Parkinson's disease. Neurol Res Pract 2024; 6:9. [PMID: 38355739 PMCID: PMC10868033 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-023-00304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported to exhibit unusual bouts of creativity (e.g., painting, writing), in particular in the context of treatment with dopaminergic agents. Here we investigated divergent and convergent thinking thought to underlie creativity. In addition we assessed cognitive estimation. METHOD Twenty PD patients and 20 matched healthy control participants were subjected to the Guilford Alternate Uses task (divergent thinking), the remote associates task (convergent thinking) and two tests of cognitive estimation. RESULTS No group differences were found for the convergent thinking task, while the Guilford Alternate Uses task revealed a decreased number of correct responses and a reduced originality for PD patients. Originality in PD was correlated to total daily dose of dopaminergic medication. Moreover, both tasks of cognitive estimation showed an impairment in PD. CONCLUSION Only minor effects were found for psychometric indices of subprocesses of creative thinking, while estimation, relying on executive functioning, is impaired in PD. We suggest to take a product oriented view of creativity in further research on altered creative processes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Celia Rinckens
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Thomas F Münte
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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3
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Abu Raya M, Ogunyemi AO, Broder J, Carstensen VR, Illanes-Manrique M, Rankin KP. The neurobiology of openness as a personality trait. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1235345. [PMID: 37645602 PMCID: PMC10461810 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1235345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Openness is a multifaceted behavioral disposition that encompasses personal, interpersonal, and cultural dimensions. It has been suggested that the interindividual variability in openness as a personality trait is influenced by various environmental and genetic factors, as well as differences in brain functional and structural connectivity patterns along with their various associated cognitive processes. Alterations in degree of openness have been linked to several aspects of health and disease, being impacted by both physical and mental health, substance use, and neurologic conditions. This review aims to explore the current state of knowledge describing the neurobiological basis of openness and how individual differences in openness can manifest in brain health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maison Abu Raya
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Adedoyin O. Ogunyemi
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Jake Broder
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Veronica Rojas Carstensen
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maryenela Illanes-Manrique
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Katherine P. Rankin
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
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4
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Sayalı C, Barrett FS. The costs and benefits of psychedelics on cognition and mood. Neuron 2023; 111:614-630. [PMID: 36681076 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Anecdotal evidence has indicated that psychedelic substances may acutely enhance creative task performance, although empirical support for this claim is mixed at best. Clinical research has shown that psychedelics might have enduring effects on mood and well-being. However, there is no neurocognitive framework that ties acute changes in cognition to long-term effects in mood. In this review, we operationalize creativity within an emerging cognitive control framework and assess the current empirical evidence of the effects of psychedelics on creativity. Next, we leverage insights about the mechanisms and computations by which other psychoactive drugs act to enhance versus impair cognition, in particular to those that act on catecholamines, the neurophysiological consequences of which are relatively well understood. Finally, we use the same framework to link the suggested psychedelic-induced improvements in creativity with enduring psychedelic-induced improvements in mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Sayalı
- Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Frederick S Barrett
- Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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5
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The molecular genetic basis of creativity: a mini review and perspectives. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 87:1-16. [PMID: 35217895 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although creativity is one of the defining features of human species, it is just the beginning of an ambitious attempt for psychologists to understand its genetic basis. With ongoing efforts, great progress has been achieved in molecular genetic studies of creativity. In this mini review, we highlighted recent molecular genetic findings for both domain-general and domain-specific creativity, and provided some perspectives for future studies. It is expected that this work will provide an update on the knowledge regarding the molecular genetic basis of creativity, and contribute to the further development of this field.
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6
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Agnoli S, Mastria S, Zanon M, Corazza GE. Dopamine supports idea originality: the role of spontaneous eye blink rate on divergent thinking. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 87:17-27. [PMID: 35141768 PMCID: PMC9873774 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine plays a crucial role in human creative behaviour. Specifically, striatal dopamine seems to be associated with specific dimensions of divergent thinking performance, especially with categorical diversity (flexibility) of ideas. In experimental contexts, spontaneous Eye Blink Rate (sEBR) has been used as a proxy for striatal dopamine, and an inverted U-shape relationship between sEBR and flexibility has been demonstrated, such that a medium sEBR level predicts highest flexibility levels. The present study aimed at carrying out further investigations about the relationship between sEBR and idea generation through divergent thinking, specifically focusing on the relationship between idea originality and dopamine level, since originality is a key element for creativity. We asked 80 participants, whose sEBR at rest was measured, to perform an Alternative Uses Task (AUT) to measure their divergent thinking performance. Results revealed that the relationship between sEBR and originality, as measured through subjective ratings of external raters, followed an inverted U-shape function with medium sEBR being associated with highest originality scores. Moreover, and most importantly, we demonstrated that sEBR predicted originality through the mediation of flexibility. Our results provide further insights on the possible role of dopamine on divergent thinking performance, demonstrating that an adequate dopamine level may facilitate the generation of original ideas through the exploration of diverse conceptual categories (higher flexibility).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Agnoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, Italy.
- Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Villa Griffone, Via dei Celestini 1, 40037, Sasso Marconi, Italy.
| | - Serena Mastria
- Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Villa Griffone, Via dei Celestini 1, 40037, Sasso Marconi, Italy
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Zanon
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati, SISSA, Trieste, Italy, Via Bonomea, 265, 34136
| | - Giovanni Emanuele Corazza
- Marconi Institute for Creativity (MIC), Villa Griffone, Via dei Celestini 1, 40037, Sasso Marconi, Italy
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna, Italy
- Université de Paris and Univ Gustave Eiffel, LaPEA, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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7
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Novaes FC, Natividade JC. The sexual selection of creativity: A nomological approach. Front Psychol 2023; 13:874261. [PMID: 36698589 PMCID: PMC9869285 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.874261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultural innovations, such as tools and other technical articles useful for survival, imply that creativity is an outcome of evolution. However, the existence of purely ornamental items obfuscates the functional value of creativity. What is the functional or adaptive value of aesthetic and intellectual ornaments? Recent evidence shows a connection between ornamental creativity, an individual's attractiveness, and their reproductive success. However, this association is not sufficient for establishing that creativity in humans evolved by sexual selection. In this critical review, we synthesize findings from many disciplines about the mechanisms, ontogeny, phylogeny, and the function of creativity in sexual selection. Existing research indicates that creativity has the characteristics expected of a trait evolved by sexual selection: genetic basis, sexual dimorphism, wider variety in males, influence of sex hormones, dysfunctional expressions, an advantage in mating in humans and other animals, and psychological modules adapted to mating contexts. Future studies should investigate mixed findings in the existing literature, such as creativity not being found particularly attractive in a non-WEIRD society. Moreover, we identified remaining knowledge gaps and recommend that further research should be undertaken in the following areas: sexual and reproductive correlates of creativity in non-WEIRD societies, relationship between androgens, development, and creative expression, as well as the impact of ornamental, technical and everyday creativity on attractiveness. Evolutionary research should analyze whether being an evolved signal of genetic quality is the only way in which creativity becomes sexually selected and therefore passed on from generation to generation. This review has gone a long way toward integrating and enhancing our understanding of ornamental creativity as a possible sexual selected psychological trait.
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De Garrido L. Conceptual Design of a Creative Artificial Intelligence System Based on the Neurocognitive Bases of Human Creativity in the Brain. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2021.2005309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis De Garrido
- Universitat de València
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- National Association of Sustainable Creative Architecture Researh
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9
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Zhang S, Yang X, Si S, Zhang J. The neurobiological basis of divergent thinking: Insight from gene co-expression network-based analysis. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118762. [PMID: 34838948 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many efforts have been made to explore the genetic basis of divergent thinking (DT), there is still a gap in the understanding of how these findings relate to the neurobiology of DT. In a combined sample of 1,682 Chinese participants, by integrating GWAS with previously identified brain-specific gene co-expression network modules, this study explored for the first time the functional brain-specific gene co-expression networks underlying DT. The results showed that gene co-expression network modules in anterior cingulate cortex, caudate, amygdala and substantia nigra were enriched with DT association signals. Further functional enrichment analysis showed that these DT-related gene co-expression network modules were enriched for key biological process and cellular component related to myelination, suggesting that cortical and sub-cortical grey matter myelination may serve as important neurobiological basis of DT. Although the underlying mechanisms need to be further refined, this exploratory study may provide new insight into the neurobiology of DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- College of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Si Si
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jinghuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China.
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10
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Chong A, Tolomeo S, Xiong Y, Angeles D, Cheung M, Becker B, Lai PS, Lei Z, Malavasi F, Tang Q, Chew SH, Ebstein RP. Blending oxytocin and dopamine with everyday creativity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16185. [PMID: 34376746 PMCID: PMC8355306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests that oxytocin (OT) is associated with creative thinking (CT) and that release of OT depends on ADP ribosyl-cyclases (CD38 and CD157). Neural mechanisms of CT and OT show a strong association with dopaminergic (DA) pathways, yet the link between CT and CD38, CD157, dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) peripheral gene expression remain inconclusive, thus limiting our understanding of the neurobiology of CT. To address this issue, two principal domains of CT, divergent thinking (AUT), were assessed. In men, both AUT is associated with gene expression of CD38, CD157, and their interaction CD38 × CD157. There were no significant associations for DA expression (DRD2, COMT, DRD2 × COMT) on both CT measures. However, analysis of the interactions of OT and DA systems reveal significant interactions for AUT in men. The full model explained a sizable 39% of the variance in females for the total CT score. The current findings suggest that OT and DA gene expression contributed significantly to cognition and CT phenotype. This provides the first empirical foundation of a more refined understanding of the molecular landscape of CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chong
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Serenella Tolomeo
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dario Angeles
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mike Cheung
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Becker
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Poh San Lai
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhen Lei
- CCBEF (China Center for Behavior Economics and Finance), Southwestern University of Finance and Economics (SWUFE), Chengdu, China
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Soo Hong Chew
- CCBEF (China Center for Behavior Economics and Finance), Southwestern University of Finance and Economics (SWUFE), Chengdu, China
- Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard P Ebstein
- CCBEF (China Center for Behavior Economics and Finance), Southwestern University of Finance and Economics (SWUFE), Chengdu, China.
- College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Si S, Zhang S, Zhang J. DRD2 Taq IA Polymorphism Interacts with Parenting in Predicting Creativity: Evidence of Differential Susceptibility. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2020.1821550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Si
- Shandong Normal University
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12
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Yu Q, Si S, Zhang S, Zhang J. Paternal indifference and neglect in early life and creativity: Exploring the moderating role of TPH1 genotype and offspring gender. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0221383. [PMID: 32726303 PMCID: PMC7390402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For further understanding the joint contribution of environment, heredity and gender to creativity, the present research examined the prospective impact of paternal indifference & neglect in early life, TPH1 rs623580, offspring gender, and the interaction effects thereof on creativity in five hundred and thirty-nine unrelated healthy Chinese undergraduate students. Paternal indifference & neglect in early life was assessed on the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and creativity on the Runco Creativity Assessment Battery (rCAB). Two primary findings emerged. Firstly, significant paternal indifference & neglect × TPH1 genotype interaction effects were identified in predicting all three dimensions of creativity (fluency, originality, and flexibility). Paternal indifference & neglect in early life negatively predicted fluency, originality, and flexibility when individuals carry A allele of TPH1 (rs623580). Secondly, there was a significant interaction effect of TPH1 genotype by offspring gender on flexibility. Only in males, individuals who carry A allele were linked with lower level of flexibility compared to TT homozygote individuals. No significant three-way interaction was found. In conclusion, the current findings provided the first preliminary evidence for the moderation effect of TPH1 on the relationship between parenting and creativity, and TPH1- offspring gender interaction on creativity; future studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Si Si
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinghuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Genetic susceptibility to parenting style: DRD2 and COMT influence creativity. Neuroimage 2020; 213:116681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings between mania and depression. Despite fitness costs associated with increased mortality and significant impairment, bipolar disorder has persisted in the population with a high heritability and a stable prevalence. Creativity and other positive traits have repeatedly been associated with the bipolar spectrum, particularly among unaffected first-degree relatives and those with milder expressions of bipolar traits. This suggests a model in which large doses of risk variants cause illness, but mild to moderate doses confer advantages, which serve to maintain bipolar disorder in the population. Bipolar disorder may thus be better conceptualized as a dimensional trait existing at the extreme of normal population variation in positive temperament, personality, and cognitive traits, aspects of which may reflect a shared vulnerability with creativity. Investigations of this shared vulnerability may provide insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying illness and suggest novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
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15
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Effects of stress on functional connectivity during problem solving. Neuroimage 2020; 208:116407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Jaracz M, Borkowska A. Creativity and Affective Temperament in Artistic and Non‐artistic Students: Different Temperaments are Related to Different Aspects of Creativity. JOURNAL OF CREATIVE BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jocb.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jaracz
- Chair of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Sciences Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Alina Borkowska
- Chair of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Sciences Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
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18
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Modulations in resting state networks of subcortical structures linked to creativity. Neuroimage 2019; 195:311-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Beversdorf DQ. Neuropsychopharmacological regulation of performance on creativity-related tasks. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019; 27:55-63. [PMID: 31106256 PMCID: PMC6519931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of factors affect performance on tasks associated with creativity. Two pharmacological systems in particularly been identified as important for their impact on creativity, the noradrenergic system and the dopaminergic systems. Furthermore, stress is also established as an important factor impacting performance, most likely mediated by its effects on these neurotransmitter systems. Herein, we review the current literature on the relationships between stress, the noradrenergic system, the dopaminergic system, and other pharmacological factors and their effects on performance on tasks associated with creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Q Beversdorf
- William and Nancy Thompson Endowed Chair in Radiology, University of Missouri
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21
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22
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Pagano ME, Raj NM, Rhodes C, Krentzman AR, Little M. Identifying strengths in youths at substance use treatment admission. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 45:410-420. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1603302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Pagano
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nadia M. Raj
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christine Rhodes
- Department of Counseling and Health and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Amy R. Krentzman
- School of Social Work, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Michelle Little
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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Khalil R, Godde B, Karim AA. The Link Between Creativity, Cognition, and Creative Drives and Underlying Neural Mechanisms. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:18. [PMID: 30967763 PMCID: PMC6440443 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Having a creative mind is one of the gateways for achieving fabulous success and remarkable progress in professional, personal and social life. Therefore, a better understanding of the neural correlates and the underlying neural mechanisms related to creative ideation is crucial and valuable. However, the current literature on neural systems and circuits underlying creative cognition, and on how creative drives such as motivation, mood states, and reward could shape our creative mind through the associated neuromodulatory systems [i.e., the dopaminergic (DA), the noradrenergic (NE) and the serotonergic (5-HT) system] seems to be insufficient to explain the creative ideation and production process. One reason might be that the mentioned systems and processes are usually investigated in isolation and independent of each other. Through this review, we aim at advancing the current state of knowledge by providing an integrative view on the interactions between neural systems underlying the creative cognition and the creative drive and associated neuromodulatory systems (see Figure 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Khalil
- Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ben Godde
- Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ahmed A Karim
- Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Health Psychology and Neurorehabilitation, SRH Mobile University, Riedlingen, Germany
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24
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Why would Parkinson's disease lead to sudden changes in creativity, motivation, or style with visual art?: A review of case evidence and new neurobiological, contextual, and genetic hypotheses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 100:129-165. [PMID: 30629980 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating diagnosis with, however, potential for an extremely intriguing aesthetic component. Despite motor and cognitive deficits, an emerging collection of studies report a burst of visual artistic output and alterations in produced art in a subgroup of patients. This provides a unique window into the neurophysiological bases for why and how we might create and enjoy visual art, as well as into general brain function and the nature of PD or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, there has not been a comprehensive organization of literature on this topic. Nor has there been an attempt to connect case evidence and knowledge on PD with present understanding of visual art making in psychology and neuroaesthetics in order to propose hypotheses for documented artistic changes. Here, we collect the current research on this topic, tie this to PD symptoms and neurobiology, and provide new theories focusing on dopaminergic neuron damage, over-stimulation from dopamine agonist therapy, and context or genetic factors revealing the neurobiological basis of the visual artistic brain.
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25
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An Updated Theoretical Framework for Human Sexual Selection: from Ecology, Genetics, and Life History to Extended Phenotypes. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-018-0103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Zhang J, Han X, Si S, Zhang S. The Interaction of TPH1 A779C Polymorphism and Maternal Authoritarianism on Creative Potential. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2106. [PMID: 30450068 PMCID: PMC6224424 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the possible mechanisms through which gene may interact with environment to influence creativity has been one of the leading issues in creativity research. In a sample of four hundred and twenty-one Chinese undergraduate students, the present study investigated for the first time the interaction of TPH1 A779C polymorphism and maternal parenting styles on creative potential. The results showed that there was a significant interaction of TPH1 A779C polymorphism and maternal authoritarianism on creative potential. Moreover, the analysis of regions of significance (Ros) provided supporting evidences for both the diathesis-stress model (flexibility) and the differential susceptibility model (originality). These findings extend our understanding concerning the mechanisms by which gene and environment may act in coordination to contribute to creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Si Si
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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27
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Lin H, Vartanian O. A Neuroeconomic Framework for Creative Cognition. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2018; 13:655-677. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691618794945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroeconomics is the study of the neurobiological bases of subjective preferences and choices. We present a novel framework that synthesizes findings from the literatures on neuroeconomics and creativity to provide a neurobiological description of creative cognition. We propose that value-based decision-making processes and activity in the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) neuromodulatory system underlie creative cognition, as well as the large-scale brain network dynamics shown to be associated with creativity. This reconceptualization leads to several falsifiable hypotheses that can further understanding of creativity, decision making, and brain network dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hause Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
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28
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Cristofori I, Salvi C, Beeman M, Grafman J. The effects of expected reward on creative problem solving. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 18:925-931. [PMID: 29949113 PMCID: PMC6330050 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Creative problem solving involves search processes, and it is known to be hard to motivate. Reward cues have been found to enhance performance across a range of tasks, even when cues are presented subliminally, without being consciously detected. It is uncertain whether motivational processes, such as reward, can influence problem solving. We tested the effect of supraliminal and subliminal reward on participant performance on problem solving that can be solved by deliberate analysis or by insight. Forty-one participants attempted to solve 100 compound remote associate problems. At the beginning of each problem, a potential reward cue (1 or 25 cents) was displayed, either subliminally (17 ms) or supraliminally (100 ms). Participants earned the displayed reward if they solved the problem correctly. Results showed that the higher subliminal reward increased the percentage of problems solved correctly overall. Second, we explored if subliminal rewards preferentially influenced solutions that were achieved via a sudden insight (mostly processed below awareness) or via a deliberate analysis. Participants solved more problems via insight following high subliminal reward when compared with low subliminal reward, and compared with high supraliminal reward, with no corresponding effect on analytic solving. Striatal dopamine (DA) is thought to influence motivation, reinforce behavior, and facilitate cognition. We speculate that subliminal rewards activate the striatal DA system, enhancing the kinds of automatic integrative processes that lead to more creative strategies for problem solving, without increasing the selectivity of attention, which could impede insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cristofori
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 East Erie Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Carola Salvi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 East Erie Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark Beeman
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 East Erie Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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29
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Han W, Zhang M, Feng X, Gong G, Peng K, Zhang D. Genetic influences on creativity: an exploration of convergent and divergent thinking. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5403. [PMID: 30083479 PMCID: PMC6071619 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on the genetic basis of creativity have mainly focused on the biological mechanisms of divergent thinking, possibly limiting the exploration of possible candidate genes. Taking a cognition-based perspective, the present study investigated the genetic basis for both the divergent and the convergent thinking components of creativity. A total of 321 Chinese university students were recruited to complete the Guildford Unusual Using Test (UUT) for divergent thinking capability and the Remote Associates Test (RAT) for convergent thinking capability. The polymorphism of rs2576037 in KATNAL2 was related to the fluency and originality component scores of UUT, and the polymorphism of rs5993883 in COMT, rs362584 in SNAP25 was related to the RAT performance. These effects remained significant after considering the influence of age, gender and intelligence. Our results provide new evidence for the genetic basis of creativity and reveal the important role of gene polymorphisms in divergent and convergent thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Education College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | | | - Kaiping Peng
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Ang YS, Manohar S, Plant O, Kienast A, Le Heron C, Muhammed K, Hu M, Husain M. Dopamine Modulates Option Generation for Behavior. Curr Biol 2018; 28:1561-1569.e3. [PMID: 29731299 PMCID: PMC5981001 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Animals make innumerable decisions every day, each of which involves evaluating potential options for action. But how are options generated? Although much is now known about decision making when a fixed set of potential options is provided, surprisingly little progress has been made on self-generated options. Some researchers have proposed that such abilities might be modulated by dopamine. Here, we used a new measure of option generation that is quantitative, objective, and culture fair to investigate how humans generate different behavioral options. Participants were asked to draw as many different paths (options) as they could between two points within a fixed time. Healthy individuals (n = 96) exhibited a trade-off between uniqueness (how individually different their options were) and fluency (number of options), generating either many similar or few unique options. To assess influence of dopamine, we first examined patients with Parkinson's disease (n = 35) ON and OFF their dopaminergic medication and compared them to elderly healthy controls (n = 34). Then we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of the D2 agonist cabergoline in healthy older people (n = 29). Across both studies, dopamine increased fluency but diminished overall uniqueness of options generated, due to the effect of fluency trading off with uniqueness. Crucially, however, when this trade-off was corrected for, dopamine was found to increase uniqueness for any given fluency. Three carefully designed control studies showed that performance on our option-generation task was not related to executing movements, planning actions, or selecting between generated options. These findings show that dopamine plays an important role in modulating option generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Siang Ang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Sanjay Manohar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Olivia Plant
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Annika Kienast
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Campbell Le Heron
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kinan Muhammed
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michele Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Masud Husain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Abstract
The Mad Genius is a recurring stereotype of contemporary cultural expression, and many famous personalities and creators have suffered from psychopathology. Creativity and genius may be a sought-after trait; however, it is also commonly believed to be associated with psychopathology. This has been examined, starting with Lombroso's investigation of genius and madness in 1800s followed by a dearth of literature debating the association between the two. This evidence for this polarizing issue ranges from psychometric to neuroscientific disciplines and creates ambiguity neither refuting nor accepting this association completely. Through this article, we briefly review the literature on this subject and try to decipher what is written in between the lines, how creativity and psychopathology may fuel each other, and what may be its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jateen Ukrani
- Department of Psychiatry, Deep Chand Bandhu Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Indla
- Chief Psychiatrist, VIMHANS, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Varsha Ukrani
- Department of Psychiatry, Pt Madan Mohan Malviya Hospital, Delhi, India
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Liu Z, Zhang J, Xie X, Rolls ET, Sun J, Zhang K, Jiao Z, Chen Q, Zhang J, Qiu J, Feng J. Neural and genetic determinants of creativity. Neuroimage 2018. [PMID: 29518564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Creative thinking plays a vital role in almost all aspects of human life. However, little is known about the neural and genetic mechanisms underlying creative thinking. Based on a cross-validation based predictive framework, we searched from the whole-brain connectome (34,716 functional connectivities) and whole genome data (309,996 SNPs) in two datasets (all collected by Southwest University, Chongqing) consisting of altogether 236 subjects, for a better understanding of the brain and genetic underpinning of creativity. Using the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking score, we found that high figural creativity is mainly related to high functional connectivity between the executive control, attention, and memory retrieval networks (strong top-down effects); and to low functional connectivity between the default mode network, the ventral attention network, and the subcortical and primary sensory networks (weak bottom-up processing) in the first dataset (consisting of 138 subjects). High creativity also correlates significantly with mutations of genes coding for both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Combining the brain connectome and the genomic data we can predict individuals' creativity scores with an accuracy of 78.4%, which is significantly better than prediction using single modality data (gene or functional connectivity), indicating the importance of combining multi-modality data. Our neuroimaging prediction model built upon the first dataset was cross-validated by a completely new dataset of 98 subjects (r = 0.267, p = 0.0078) with an accuracy of 64.6%. In addition, the creativity-related functional connectivity network we identified in the first dataset was still significantly correlated with the creativity score in the new dataset (p<10-3). In summary, our research demonstrates that strong top-down control versus weak bottom-up processes underlie creativity, which is modulated by competition between the glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems. Our work provides the first insights into both the neural and the genetic bases of creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford UK
| | - Jiangzhou Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, PR China; School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University, 1801 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Zeyu Jiao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, PR China; School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Junying Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shannxi, PR China.
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, PR China; School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing, PR China; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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Vellante F, Sarchione F, Ebisch SJH, Salone A, Orsolini L, Marini S, Valchera A, Fornaro M, Carano A, Iasevoli F, Martinotti G, De Berardis D, Di Giannantonio M. Creativity and psychiatric illness: A functional perspective beyond chaos. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:91-100. [PMID: 28689007 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vellante
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", Asl 4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fabiola Sarchione
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sjoerd J H Ebisch
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anatolia Salone
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Orsolini
- Polyedra Research Group, 64100 Teramo, Italy.; Villa S. Giuseppe Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Ascoli Piceno, Italy; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Stefano Marini
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Michele Fornaro
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYPSI), Columbia University, NYC, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Carano
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "Maria SS del Soccorso", San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Polyedra Research Group, 64100 Teramo, Italy.; Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", Asl 4, Teramo, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Prochazkova L, Lippelt DP, Colzato LS, Kuchar M, Sjoerds Z, Hommel B. Exploring the effect of microdosing psychedelics on creativity in an open-label natural setting. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:3401-3413. [PMID: 30357434 PMCID: PMC6267140 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Taking microdoses (a mere fraction of normal doses) of psychedelic substances, such as truffles, recently gained popularity, as it allegedly has multiple beneficial effects including creativity and problem-solving performance, potentially through targeting serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors and promoting cognitive flexibility, crucial to creative thinking. Nevertheless, enhancing effects of microdosing remain anecdotal, and in the absence of quantitative research on microdosing psychedelics, it is impossible to draw definitive conclusions on that matter. Here, our main aim was to quantitatively explore the cognitive-enhancing potential of microdosing psychedelics in healthy adults. METHODS During a microdosing event organized by the Dutch Psychedelic Society, we examined the effects of psychedelic truffles (which were later analyzed to quantify active psychedelic alkaloids) on two creativity-related problem-solving tasks: the Picture Concept Task assessing convergent thinking and the Alternative Uses Task assessing divergent thinking. A short version of the Ravens Progressive Matrices task assessed potential changes in fluid intelligence. We tested once before taking a microdose and once while the effects were expected to be manifested. RESULTS We found that both convergent and divergent thinking performance was improved after a non-blinded microdose, whereas fluid intelligence was unaffected. CONCLUSION While this study provides quantitative support for the cognitive-enhancing properties of microdosing psychedelics, future research has to confirm these preliminary findings in more rigorous placebo-controlled study designs. Based on these preliminary results, we speculate that psychedelics might affect cognitive metacontrol policies by optimizing the balance between cognitive persistence and flexibility. We hope this study will motivate future microdosing studies with more controlled designs to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Prochazkova
- Cognitive Psychology Unit & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Dominique P. Lippelt
- Cognitive Psychology Unit & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenza S. Colzato
- Cognitive Psychology Unit & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands ,Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany ,Institute for Sports and Sport Science, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Martin Kuchar
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic ,Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Zsuzsika Sjoerds
- Cognitive Psychology Unit & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Hommel
- Cognitive Psychology Unit & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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35
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36
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Yu Q, Zhang S, Zhang JH. Association of Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene with Creative Ideation. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2017.1302758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Shandong Normal University
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37
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Mariath LM, Silva AMD, Kowalski TW, Gattino GS, Araujo GAD, Figueiredo FG, Tagliani-Ribeiro A, Roman T, Vianna FSL, Schuler-Faccini L, Schuch JB. Music genetics research: Association with musicality of a polymorphism in the AVPR1A gene. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:421-429. [PMID: 28534928 PMCID: PMC5488451 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Musicality is defined as a natural tendency, sensibility, knowledge, or talent to
create, perceive, and play music. Musical abilities involve a great range of social
and cognitive behaviors, which are influenced by both environmental and genetic
factors. Although a number of studies have yielded insights into music genetics
research, genes and biological pathways related to these traits are not fully
understood. Our hypothesis in the current study is that genes associated with
different behaviors could also influence the musical phenotype. Our aim was to
investigate whether polymorphisms in six genes (AVPR1A, SLC6A4, ITGB3, COMT, DRD2 and
DRD4) related to social and cognitive traits are associated with musicality in a
sample of children. Musicality was assessed through an individualized music therapy
assessment profile (IMTAP) which has been validated in Brazil to measure musical
ability. We show here that the RS1 microsatellite of the AVPR1A gene is nominally
associated with musicality, corroborating previous results linking AVPR1A with
musical activity. This study is one of the first to investigate musicality in a
comprehensive way, and it contributes to better understand the genetic basis
underlying musical ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Monteavaro Mariath
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Mauat da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Schulz Gattino
- Programa de Pos-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Andrade de Araujo
- Programa de Pos-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Grahl Figueiredo
- Programa de Pos-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alice Tagliani-Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Roman
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Bohrer Schuch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Bischoff AR, Pokhvisneva I, Léger É, Gaudreau H, Steiner M, Kennedy JL, O’Donnell KJ, Diorio J, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. Dynamic interaction between fetal adversity and a genetic score reflecting dopamine function on developmental outcomes at 36 months. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177344. [PMID: 28505190 PMCID: PMC5432105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fetal adversity, evidenced by poor fetal growth for instance, is associated with increased risk for several diseases later in life. Classical cut-offs to characterize small (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) newborns are used to define long term vulnerability. We aimed at exploring the possible dynamism of different birth weight cut-offs in defining vulnerability in developmental outcomes (through the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development), using the example of a gene vs. fetal adversity interaction considering gene choices based on functional relevance to the studied outcome. Methods 36-month-old children from an established prospective birth cohort (Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability, and Neurodevelopment) were classified according to birth weight ratio (BWR) (SGA ≤0.85, LGA >1.15, exploring a wide range of other cut-offs) and genotyped for polymorphisms associated with dopamine signaling (TaqIA-A1 allele, DRD2-141C Ins/Ins, DRD4 7-repeat, DAT1-10- repeat, Met/Met-COMT), composing a score based on the described function, in which hypofunctional variants received lower scores. Results There were 251 children (123 girls and 128 boys). Using the classic cut-offs (0.85 and 1.15), there were no statistically significant interactions between the neonatal groups and the dopamine genetic score. However, when changing the cut-offs, it is possible to see ranges of BWR that could be associated with vulnerability to poorer development according to the variation in the dopamine function. Conclusion The classic birth weight cut-offs to define SGA and LGA newborns should be seen with caution, as depending on the outcome in question, the protocols for long-term follow up could be either too inclusive—therefore most costly, or unable to screen true vulnerabilities—and therefore ineffective to establish early interventions and primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne R. Bischoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quèbec, Canada
| | - Étienne Léger
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quèbec, Canada
| | - Hélène Gaudreau
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quèbec, Canada
| | - Meir Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James L. Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kieran J. O’Donnell
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quèbec, Canada
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josie Diorio
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quèbec, Canada
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quèbec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrícia P. Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quèbec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Gvirts HZ, Mayseless N, Segev A, Lewis DY, Feffer K, Barnea Y, Bloch Y, Shamay-Tsoory SG. Novelty-seeking trait predicts the effect of methylphenidate on creativity. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:599-605. [PMID: 27624151 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116667703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the use of psychostimulants for cognitive enhancement in healthy individuals with no psychiatric disorders has been on the rise. However, it is still unclear whether psychostimulants improve certain cognitive functions at the cost of others, and how these psychostimulants interact with individual personality differences. In the current study, we investigated whether the effect of one common stimulant, methylphenidate (MPH), on creativity is associated with novelty seeking. Thirty-six healthy adults, without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomology, were assigned randomly in a double-blind fashion to receive MPH or placebo. We found that the effect of MPH on creativity was dependent on novelty-seeking (NS) personality characteristics of the participants. MPH increased creativity in individuals with lower NS, while it reduced creativity levels in individuals with high NS. These findings highlight the role of the dopaminergic system in creativity, and indicate that among healthy individuals NS can be seen as a predictor of the effect of MPH on creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Z Gvirts
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Naama Mayseless
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aviv Segev
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,3 The Emotion-Cognition Research Center, Shalvata Mental Health Care Center, Hod-Hasharon, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Yael Lewis
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,3 The Emotion-Cognition Research Center, Shalvata Mental Health Care Center, Hod-Hasharon, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kfir Feffer
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,3 The Emotion-Cognition Research Center, Shalvata Mental Health Care Center, Hod-Hasharon, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Barnea
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Bloch
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,3 The Emotion-Cognition Research Center, Shalvata Mental Health Care Center, Hod-Hasharon, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Boot N, Baas M, van Gaal S, Cools R, De Dreu CKW. Creative cognition and dopaminergic modulation of fronto-striatal networks: Integrative review and research agenda. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 78:13-23. [PMID: 28419830 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Creative cognition is key to human functioning yet the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are sparsely addressed and poorly understood. Here we address the possibility that creative cognition is a function of dopaminergic modulation in fronto-striatal brain circuitries. It is proposed that (i) creative cognition benefits from both flexible and persistent processing, (ii) striatal dopamine and the integrity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway is associated with flexible processing, while (iii) prefrontal dopamine and the integrity of the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway is associated with persistent processing. We examine this possibility in light of studies linking creative ideation, divergent thinking, and creative problem-solving to polymorphisms in dopamine receptor genes, indirect markers and manipulations of the dopaminergic system, and clinical populations with dysregulated dopaminergic activity. Combined, studies suggest a functional differentiation between striatal and prefrontal dopamine: moderate (but not low or high) levels of striatal dopamine benefit creative cognition by facilitating flexible processes, and moderate (but not low or high) levels of prefrontal dopamine enable persistence-driven creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Boot
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthijs Baas
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon van Gaal
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, The Netherlands
| | - Roshan Cools
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten K W De Dreu
- Department of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Center for Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making (CREED), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Greenwood TA. Positive Traits in the Bipolar Spectrum: The Space between Madness and Genius. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2017; 2:198-212. [PMID: 28277566 PMCID: PMC5318923 DOI: 10.1159/000452416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a severe, lifelong mood disorder for which little is currently understood of the genetic mechanisms underlying risk. By examining related dimensional phenotypes, we may further our understanding of the disorder. Creativity has a historical connection with the bipolar spectrum and is particularly enhanced among unaffected first-degree relatives and those with bipolar spectrum traits. This suggests that some aspects of the bipolar spectrum may confer advantages, while more severe expressions of symptoms negatively influence creative accomplishment. Creativity is a complex, multidimensional construct with both cognitive and affective components, many of which appear to reflect a shared genetic vulnerability with bipolar disorder. It is suggested that a subset of bipolar risk variants confer advantages as positive traits according to an inverted-U-shaped curve with clinically unaffected allele carriers benefitting from the positive traits and serving to maintain the risk alleles in the population. The association of risk genes with creativity in healthy individuals (e.g., NRG1), as well as an overall sharing of common genetic variation between bipolar patients and creative individuals, provides support for this model. Current findings are summarized from a multidisciplinary perspective to demonstrate the feasibility of research in this area to reveal the mechanisms underlying illness.
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42
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Zhang S, Zhang J. The Association of DRD2 with Insight Problem Solving. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1865. [PMID: 27933030 PMCID: PMC5121534 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the insight phenomenon has attracted great attention from psychologists, it is still largely unknown whether its variation in well-functioning human adults has a genetic basis. Several lines of evidence suggest that genes involved in dopamine (DA) transmission might be potential candidates. The present study explored for the first time the association of dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) with insight problem solving. Fifteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering DRD2 were genotyped in 425 unrelated healthy Chinese undergraduates, and were further tested for association with insight problem solving. Both single SNP and haplotype analysis revealed several associations of DRD2 SNPs and haplotypes with insight problem solving. In conclusion, the present study provides the first evidence for the involvement of DRD2 in insight problem solving, future studies are necessary to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University Jinan, China
| | - Jinghuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University Jinan, China
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43
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Blum K, Simpatico T, Febo M, Rodriquez C, Dushaj K, Li M, Braverman ER, Demetrovics Z, Oscar-Berman M, Badgaiyan RD. Hypothesizing Music Intervention Enhances Brain Functional Connectivity Involving Dopaminergic Recruitment: Common Neuro-correlates to Abusable Drugs. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3753-3758. [PMID: 27246565 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to explore the clinical significance of music listening on neuroplasticity and dopaminergic activation by understanding the role of music therapy in addictive behavior treatment. fMRI data has shown that music listening intensely modifies mesolimbic structural changes responsible for reward processing (e.g., nucleus accumbens [NAc]) and may control the emotional stimuli's effect on autonomic and physiological responses (e.g., hypothalamus). Music listening has been proven to induce the endorphinergic response blocked by naloxone, a common opioid antagonist. NAc opioid transmission is linked to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine release. There are remarkable commonalities between listening to music and the effect of drugs on mesolimbic dopaminergic activation. It has been found that musical training before the age of 7 results in changes in white-matter connectivity, protecting carriers with low dopaminergic function (DRD2A1 allele, etc.) from poor decision-making, reward dependence, and impulsivity. In this article, we briefly review a few studies on the neurochemical effects of music and propose that these findings are relevant to the positive clinical findings observed in the literature. We hypothesize that music intervention enhances brain white matter plasticity through dopaminergic recruitment and that more research is needed to explore the efficacy of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Box 100183, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0183, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Human Global Mental Health Institute, Center for Clinical & Translational Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. .,Division of Neuroscience -Based Therapy, Summit Estate Recovery Center, Las Gatos, CA, USA. .,Division of Addition Services, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA. .,PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA. .,IGENE, LLC, Austin, TX, USA. .,Division of Applied Clinical Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA. .,Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Division of Neuroscience Research & Addiction Therapy, Shores Treatment & Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA.
| | - Thomas Simpatico
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Global Mental Health Institute, Center for Clinical & Translational Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Box 100183, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0183, USA
| | | | | | - Mona Li
- PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Neuromodulation Program, University of Minnesota Twin City Campus, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Laboratory of Advanced Radiochemistry, University of Minnesota Twin City Campus, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Goto Y, Lee YA, Yamaguchi Y, Jas E. Biological mechanisms underlying evolutionary origins of psychotic and mood disorders. Neurosci Res 2016; 111:13-24. [PMID: 27230505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychotic and mood disorders are brain dysfunctions that are caused by gene environment interactions. Although these disorders are disadvantageous and involve behavioral phenotypes that decrease the reproductive success of afflicted individuals in the modern human society, the prevalence of these disorders have remained constant in the population. Here, we propose several biological mechanisms by which the genes associated with psychotic and mood disorders could be selected for in specific environmental conditions that provide evolutionary bases for explanations of when, why, and where these disorders emerged and have been maintained in humans. We discuss the evolutionary origins of psychotic and mood disorders with specific focuses on the roles of dopamine and serotonin in the conditions of social competitiveness/hierarchy and maternal care and other potential mechanisms, such as social network homophily and symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiori Goto
- Cognition and Learning Section, Department of Cognitive Science, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Young-A Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshie Yamaguchi
- Cognition and Learning Section, Department of Cognitive Science, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Emanuel Jas
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Hoicka E, Mowat R, Kirkwood J, Kerr T, Carberry M, Bijvoet-van den Berg S. One-Year-Olds Think Creatively, Just Like Their Parents. Child Dev 2016; 87:1099-105. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Oikkonen J, Kuusi T, Peltonen P, Raijas P, Ukkola-Vuoti L, Karma K, Onkamo P, Järvelä I. Creative Activities in Music--A Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148679. [PMID: 26909693 PMCID: PMC4766096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Creative activities in music represent a complex cognitive function of the human brain, whose biological basis is largely unknown. In order to elucidate the biological background of creative activities in music we performed genome-wide linkage and linkage disequilibrium (LD) scans in musically experienced individuals characterised for self-reported composing, arranging and non-music related creativity. The participants consisted of 474 individuals from 79 families, and 103 sporadic individuals. We found promising evidence for linkage at 16p12.1-q12.1 for arranging (LOD 2.75, 120 cases), 4q22.1 for composing (LOD 2.15, 103 cases) and Xp11.23 for non-music related creativity (LOD 2.50, 259 cases). Surprisingly, statistically significant evidence for linkage was found for the opposite phenotype of creative activity in music (neither composing nor arranging; NCNA) at 18q21 (LOD 3.09, 149 cases), which contains cadherin genes like CDH7 and CDH19. The locus at 4q22.1 overlaps the previously identified region of musical aptitude, music perception and performance giving further support for this region as a candidate region for broad range of music-related traits. The other regions at 18q21 and 16p12.1-q12.1 are also adjacent to the previously identified loci with musical aptitude. Pathway analysis of the genes suggestively associated with composing suggested an overrepresentation of the cerebellar long-term depression pathway (LTD), which is a cellular model for synaptic plasticity. The LTD also includes cadherins and AMPA receptors, whose component GSG1L was linked to arranging. These results suggest that molecular pathways linked to memory and learning via LTD affect music-related creative behaviour. Musical creativity is a complex phenotype where a common background with musicality and intelligence has been proposed. Here, we implicate genetic regions affecting music-related creative behaviour, which also include genes with neuropsychiatric associations. We also propose a common genetic background for music-related creative behaviour and musical abilities at chromosome 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Oikkonen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Tuire Kuusi
- Sibelius Academy, University of the Arts Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Peltonen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Liisa Ukkola-Vuoti
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Karma
- Sibelius Academy, University of the Arts Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Onkamo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irma Järvelä
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Zabelina DL, Colzato L, Beeman M, Hommel B. Dopamine and the Creative Mind: Individual Differences in Creativity Are Predicted by Interactions between Dopamine Genes DAT and COMT. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146768. [PMID: 26783754 PMCID: PMC4718590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic (DA) system may be involved in creativity, however results of past studies are mixed. We attempted to clarify this putative relation by considering the mediofrontal and the nigrostriatal DA pathways, uniquely and in combination, and their contribution to two different measures of creativity–an abbreviated version of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, assessing divergent thinking, and a real-world creative achievement index. We found that creativity can be predicted from interactions between genetic polymorphisms related to frontal (COMT) and striatal (DAT) DA pathways. Importantly, the Torrance test and the real-world creative achievement index related to different genetic patterns, suggesting that these two measures tap into different aspects of creativity, and depend on distinct, but interacting, DA sub-systems. Specifically, we report that successful performance on the Torrance test is linked with dopaminergic polymorphisms associated with good cognitive flexibility and medium top-down control, or with weak cognitive flexibility and strong top-down control. The latter is particularly true for the originality factor of divergent thinking. High real-world creative achievement, on the other hand, as assessed by the Creative Achievement Questionnaire, is linked with dopaminergic polymorphisms associated with weak cognitive flexibility and weak top-down control. Taken altogether, our findings support the idea that human creativity relies on dopamine, and on the interaction between frontal and striatal dopaminergic pathways in particular. This interaction may help clarify some apparent inconsistencies in the prior literature, especially if the genes and/or creativity measures were analyzed separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya L. Zabelina
- Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lorenza Colzato
- Leiden University, Institute for Psychological Research & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Beeman
- Psychology Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Bernhard Hommel
- Leiden University, Institute for Psychological Research & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Jiang W, Shang S, Su Y. Genetic influences on insight problem solving: the role of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphisms. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1569. [PMID: 26528222 PMCID: PMC4602104 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
People may experience an “aha” moment, when suddenly realizing a solution of a puzzling problem. This experience is called insight problem solving. Several findings suggest that catecholamine-related genes may contribute to insight problem solving, among which the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is the most promising candidate. The current study examined 753 healthy individuals to determine the associations between 7 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms on the COMT gene and insight problem-solving performance, while considering gender differences. The results showed that individuals carrying A allele of rs4680 or T allele of rs4633 scored significantly higher on insight problem-solving tasks, and the COMT gene rs5993883 combined with gender interacted with correct solutions of insight problems, specifically showing that this gene only influenced insight problem-solving performance in males. This study presents the first investigation of the genetic impact on insight problem solving and provides evidence that highlights the role that the COMT gene plays in insight problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Jiang
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Shang
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Su
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University Beijing, China
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Siler T. Neuroart: picturing the neuroscience of intentional actions in art and science. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:410. [PMID: 26257629 PMCID: PMC4511838 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intentional actions cover a broad spectrum of human behaviors involving consciousness, creativity, innovative thinking, problem-solving, critical thinking, and other related cognitive processes self-evident in the arts and sciences. The author discusses the brain activity associated with action intentions, connecting this activity with the creative process. Focusing on one seminal artwork created and exhibited over a period of three decades, Thought Assemblies (1979–82, 2014), he describes how this symbolic art interprets the neuropsychological processes of intuition and analytical reasoning. It explores numerous basic questions concerning observed interactions between artistic and scientific inquiries, conceptions, perceptions, and representations connecting mind and nature. Pointing to some key neural mechanisms responsible for forming and implementing intentions, he considers why and how we create, discover, invent, and innovate. He suggests ways of metaphorical thinking and symbolic modeling that can help integrate the neuroscience of intentional actions with the neuroscience of creativity, art and neuroaesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Siler
- ArtScience® Publications Denver, CO, USA
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50
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Fisher HE, Island HD, Rich J, Marchalik D, Brown LL. Four broad temperament dimensions: description, convergent validation correlations, and comparison with the Big Five. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1098. [PMID: 26284018 PMCID: PMC4522611 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A new temperament construct based on recent brain physiology literature has been investigated using the Fisher Temperament Inventory (FTI). Four collections of behaviors emerged, each associated with a specific neural system: the dopamine, serotonin, testosterone, and estrogen/oxytocin system. These four temperament suites have been designated: (1) Curious/Energetic, (2) Cautious/Social Norm Compliant, (3) Analytical/Tough-minded, and (4) Prosocial/Empathetic temperament dimensions. Two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have suggested that the FTI can measure the influence of these neural systems. In this paper, to further the behavioral validation and characterization of the four proposed temperament dimensions, we measured correlations with five variables: (1) gender; (2) level of education; (3) religious preference; (4) political orientation; (5) the degree to which an individual regards sex as essential to a successful relationship. Subjects were 39,913 anonymous members of a US Internet dating site and 70,000+ members in six other countries. Correlations with the five variables characterize the FTI and are consistent with mechanisms using the proposed neuromodulators. We also report on an analysis between the FTI and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, using a college sample (n = 215), which showed convergent validity. The results provide novel correlates not available in other questionnaires: religiosity, political orientation, and attitudes about sex in a relationship. Also, an Eigen analysis replicated the four clusters of co-varying items. The FTI, with its broad systems and non-pathologic factors complements existing personality questionnaires. It provides an index of some brain systems that contribute to temperament, and may be useful in psychotherapy, business, medicine, and the legal community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Fisher
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Heide D Island
- Department of Psychology, Pacific University Forest Grove, OR, USA
| | - Jonathan Rich
- Department of Psychology, California Southern University Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Marchalik
- Department of Urology, Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lucy L Brown
- Department of Neurology, Einstein College of Medicine New York, NY, USA
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