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Costa-Pinto S, Gonçalves-Ribeiro J, Tedim-Moreira J, Socodato R, Relvas JB, Sebastião AM, Vaz SH. Communication defects with astroglia contribute to early impairments in the motor cortex plasticity of SOD1 G93A mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106435. [PMID: 38336279 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease, involving the selective degeneration of cortical upper synapses in the primary motor cortex (M1). Excitotoxicity in ALS occurs due to an imbalance between excitation and inhibition, closely linked to the loss/gain of astrocytic function. Using the ALS SOD1G93A mice, we investigated the astrocytic contribution for the electrophysiological alterations observed in the M1 of SOD1G93A mice, throughout disease progression. Results showed that astrocytes are involved in synaptic dysfunction observed in presymptomatic SOD1G93A mice, since astrocytic glutamate transport currents are diminished and pharmacological inhibition of astrocytes only impaired long-term potentiation and basal transmission in wild-type mice. Proteomic analysis revealed major differences in neuronal transmission, metabolism, and immune system in upper synapses, confirming early communication deficits between neurons and astroglia. These results provide valuable insights into the early impact of upper synapses in ALS and the lack of supportive functions of cortical astrocytes, highlighting the possibility of manipulating astrocytes to improve synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Costa-Pinto
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Joana Gonçalves-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Joana Tedim-Moreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal.
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2
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Cazzaniga S, Real G, Finazzi S, Lorini LF, Forget P, Bugada D. How to Modulate Peripheral and Central Nervous System to Treat Acute Postoperative Pain and Prevent Pain Persistence. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:23-37. [PMID: 37563811 PMCID: PMC10716883 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230810103508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic postoperative pain (CPSP) is a major issue after surgery, which may impact on patient's quality of life. Traditionally, CPSP is believed to rely on maladaptive hyperalgesia and risk factors have been identified that predispose to CPSP, including acute postoperative pain. Despite new models of prediction are emerging, acute pain is still a modifiable factor that can be challenged with perioperative analgesic strategies. In this review we present the issue of CPSP, focusing on molecular mechanism underlying the development of acute and chronic hyperalgesia. Also, we focus on how perioperative strategies can impact directly or indirectly (by reducing postoperative pain intensity) on the development of CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cazzaniga
- Emergency and Intensive Care Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Real
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Finazzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca F Lorini
- Emergency and Intensive Care Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Patrice Forget
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Epidemiology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Anaesthesia, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Bugada
- Emergency and Intensive Care Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127, Bergamo, Italy
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3
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Zamith Cunha R, Semprini A, Salamanca G, Gobbo F, Morini M, Pickles KJ, Roberts V, Chiocchetti R. Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors in the Trigeminal Ganglion of the Horse. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15949. [PMID: 37958932 PMCID: PMC10648827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in human and animal trigeminal sensory neurons; however, the expression in the equine trigeminal ganglion is unknown. Ten trigeminal ganglia from five horses were collected post-mortem from an abattoir. The expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R), and the cannabinoid-related receptors like transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARɣ), and G protein-related receptor 55 (GPR55) in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of the horse were studied, using immunofluorescence on cryosections and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections. Neurons and glial cells were identified using fluorescent Nissl staining NeuroTrace® and an antibody directed against the glial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively. Macrophages were identified by means of an antibody directed against the macrophages/microglia marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1). The protein expression of CB1R, CB2R, TRPV1, and PPARɣ was found in the majority of TG neurons in both cryosections and FFPE sections. The expression of GPR55 immunoreactivity was mainly detectable in FFPE sections, with expression in the majority of sensory neurons. Some receptors were also observed in glial cells (CB2R, TRPV1, PPARγ, and GPR55) and inflammatory cells (PPARγ and GPR55). These results support further investigation of such receptors in disorders of equine trigeminal neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Zamith Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Alberto Semprini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Giulia Salamanca
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Morini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Kirstie J. Pickles
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Veronica Roberts
- Bristol Vet School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK;
| | - Roberto Chiocchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
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4
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Ritter J, Menger M, Herath SC, Histing T, Kolbenschlag J, Daigeler A, Heinzel JC, Prahm C. Translational evaluation of gait behavior in rodent models of arthritic disorders with the CatWalk device - a narrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1255215. [PMID: 37869169 PMCID: PMC10587608 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1255215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthritic disorders have become one of the main contributors to the global burden of disease. Today, they are one of the leading causes of chronic pain and disability worldwide. Current therapies are incapable of treating pain sufficiently and preventing disease progression. The lack of understanding basic mechanisms underlying the initiation, maintenance and progression of arthritic disorders and related symptoms represent the major obstacle in the search for adequate treatments. For a long time, histological evaluation of joint pathology was the predominant outcome parameter in preclinical arthritis models. Nevertheless, quantification of pain and functional limitations analogs to arthritis related symptoms in humans is essential to enable bench to bedside translation and to evaluate the effectiveness of new treatment strategies. As the experience of pain and functional deficits are often associated with altered gait behavior, in the last decades, automated gait analysis has become a well-established tool for the quantitative evaluation of the sequalae of arthritic disorders in animal models. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed overview on the current literature on the use of the CatWalk gait analysis system in rodent models of arthritic disorders, e.g., Osteoarthritis, Monoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Special focus is put on the assessment and monitoring of pain-related behavior during the course of the disease. The capability of evaluating the effect of distinct treatment strategies and the future potential for the application of the CatWalk in rodent models of arthritic disorders is also addressed in this review. Finally, we discuss important consideration and provide recommendations on the use of the CatWalk in preclinical models of arthritic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ritter
- Department of Hand-, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Klinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Menger
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steven C Herath
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Kolbenschlag
- Department of Hand-, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Klinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Adrien Daigeler
- Department of Hand-, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Klinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes C Heinzel
- Department of Hand-, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Klinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology - The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cosima Prahm
- Department of Hand-, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Klinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Assis DV, Campos ACP, Paschoa AFN, Santos TF, Fonoff ET, Pagano RL. Systemic and Peripheral Mechanisms of Cortical Stimulation-Induced Analgesia and Refractoriness in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097796. [PMID: 37175503 PMCID: PMC10177944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidural motor cortex stimulation (MCS) is an effective treatment for refractory neuropathic pain; however, some individuals are unresponsive. In this study, we correlated the effectiveness of MCS and refractoriness with the expression of cytokines, neurotrophins, and nociceptive mediators in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), sciatic nerve, and plasma of rats with sciatic neuropathy. MCS inhibited hyperalgesia and allodynia in two-thirds of the animals (responsive group), and one-third did not respond (refractory group). Chronic constriction injury (CCI) increased IL-1β in the nerve and DRG, inhibited IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17A in the nerve, decreased β-endorphin, and enhanced substance P in the plasma, compared to the control. Responsive animals showed decreased NGF and increased IL-6 in the nerve, accompanied by restoration of local IL-10 and IL-17A and systemic β-endorphin. Refractory animals showed increased TNF-α and decreased IFNγ in the nerve, along with decreased TNF-α and IL-17A in the DRG, maintaining low levels of systemic β-endorphin. Our findings suggest that the effectiveness of MCS depends on local control of inflammatory and neurotrophic changes, accompanied by recovery of the opioidergic system observed in neuropathic conditions. So, understanding the refractoriness to MCS may guide an improvement in the efficacy of the technique, thus benefiting patients with persistent neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle V Assis
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda F N Paschoa
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita F Santos
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Erich T Fonoff
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05402-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana L Pagano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
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6
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Breitinger U, Breitinger HG. Excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signaling in inflammatory and diabetic neuropathic pain. Mol Med 2023; 29:53. [PMID: 37069517 PMCID: PMC10111846 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain, although unpleasant, is an essential warning mechanism against injury and damage of the organism. An intricate network of specialised sensors and transmission systems contributes to reception, transmission and central sensitization of pain. Here, we briefly introduce some of the main aspects of pain signal transmission, including nociceptors and nociceptive signals, mechanisms of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and the situation of diabetes-associated neuropathic pain. The role of glia-astrocytes, microglia, satellite glia cells-and their specific channels, transporters and signaling pathways is described. A focus is on the contribution of inhibitory synaptic signaling to nociception and a possible role of glycine receptors in glucose-mediated analgesia and treatment-induced diabetic neuropathy. Inhibitory receptors such as GABAA- and glycine receptors are important contributors to nociceptive signaling; their contribution to altered pain sensation in diabetes may be of clinical relevance, and they could be promising therapeutic targets towards the development of novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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7
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Schulte A, Lohner H, Degenbeck J, Segebarth D, Rittner HL, Blum R, Aue A. Unbiased analysis of the dorsal root ganglion after peripheral nerve injury: no neuronal loss, no gliosis, but satellite glial cell plasticity. Pain 2023; 164:728-740. [PMID: 35969236 PMCID: PMC10026836 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pain syndromes are often accompanied by complex molecular and cellular changes in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). However, the evaluation of cellular plasticity in the DRG is often performed by heuristic manual analysis of a small number of representative microscopy image fields. In this study, we introduce a deep learning-based strategy for objective and unbiased analysis of neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs) in the DRG. To validate the approach experimentally, we examined serial sections of the rat DRG after spared nerve injury (SNI) or sham surgery. Sections were stained for neurofilament, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and glutamine synthetase (GS) and imaged using high-resolution large-field (tile) microscopy. After training of deep learning models on consensus information of different experts, thousands of image features in DRG sections were analyzed. We used known (GFAP upregulation), controversial (neuronal loss), and novel (SGC phenotype switch) changes to evaluate the method. In our data, the number of DRG neurons was similar 14 d after SNI vs sham. In GFAP-positive subareas, the percentage of neurons in proximity to GFAP-positive cells increased after SNI. In contrast, GS-positive signals, and the percentage of neurons in proximity to GS-positive SGCs decreased after SNI. Changes in GS and GFAP levels could be linked to specific DRG neuron subgroups of different size. Hence, we could not detect gliosis but plasticity changes in the SGC marker expression. Our objective analysis of DRG tissue after peripheral nerve injury shows cellular plasticity responses of SGCs in the whole DRG but neither injury-induced neuronal death nor gliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Schulte
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Lohner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Degenbeck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Segebarth
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike L. Rittner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Aue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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McGinnis A, Ji RR. The Similar and Distinct Roles of Satellite Glial Cells and Spinal Astrocytes in Neuropathic Pain. Cells 2023; 12:965. [PMID: 36980304 PMCID: PMC10047571 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have identified glial cells as pivotal players in the genesis and maintenance of neuropathic pain after nerve injury associated with diabetes, chemotherapy, major surgeries, and virus infections. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) in the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) express similar molecular markers and are protective under physiological conditions. They also serve similar functions in the genesis and maintenance of neuropathic pain, downregulating some of their homeostatic functions and driving pro-inflammatory neuro-glial interactions in the PNS and CNS, i.e., "gliopathy". However, the role of SGCs in neuropathic pain is not simply as "peripheral astrocytes". We delineate how these peripheral and central glia participate in neuropathic pain by producing different mediators, engaging different parts of neurons, and becoming active at different stages following nerve injury. Finally, we highlight the recent findings that SGCs are enriched with proteins related to fatty acid metabolism and signaling such as Apo-E, FABP7, and LPAR1. Targeting SGCs and astrocytes may lead to novel therapeutics for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan McGinnis
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Pozzi E, Ballarini E, Rodriguez-Menendez V, Canta A, Chiorazzi A, Monza L, Bossi M, Alberti P, Malacrida A, Meregalli C, Scuteri A, Cavaletti G, Carozzi VA. Paclitaxel, but Not Cisplatin, Affects Satellite Glial Cells in Dorsal Root Ganglia of Rats with Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity. TOXICS 2023; 11:93. [PMID: 36850969 PMCID: PMC9961471 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity is one of the most common dose-limiting toxicities of several widely used anticancer drugs such as platinum derivatives (cisplatin) and taxanes (paclitaxel). Several molecular mechanisms related to the onset of neurotoxicity have already been proposed, most of them having the sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the peripheral nerve fibers as principal targets. In this study we explore chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity beyond the neuronocentric view, investigating the changes induced by paclitaxel (PTX) and cisplatin (CDDP) on satellite glial cells (SGC) in the DRG and their crosstalk. Rats were chronically treated with PTX (10 mg/Kg, 1qwx4) or CDDP (2 mg/Kg 2qwx4) or respective vehicles. Morpho-functional analyses were performed to verify the features of drug-induced peripheral neurotoxicity. Qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemistry, 3D immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and transmission electron microscopy analyses were also performed to detect alterations in SGCs and their interconnections. We demonstrated that PTX, but not CDDP, produces a strong activation of SGCs in the DRG, by altering their interconnections and their physical contact with sensory neurons. SGCs may act as principal actors in PTX-induced peripheral neurotoxicity, paving the way for the identification of new druggable targets for the treatment and prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Pozzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20216 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Ballarini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20216 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Rodriguez-Menendez
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20216 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Canta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20216 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Chiorazzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20216 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Monza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20216 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Bossi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20216 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Alberti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20216 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Malacrida
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20216 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Meregalli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20216 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Scuteri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20216 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20216 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Alda Carozzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20216 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), 20126 Milan, Italy
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Hu T, Meng S, Zhang Q, Song S, Tan C, Huang J, Chen D. Astrocyte derived TSP2 contributes to synaptic alteration and visual dysfunction in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:196. [PMID: 36471420 PMCID: PMC9720934 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite current intervention measures/therapies are able to ameliorate neuronal death following retinal injuries/diseases, the recovery of visual function remains unsatisfactory. Previous studies revealed that the retinal synapse and neurite changed during the early stage after retinopathy, which was considered to be detrimental to visual signal transmission. However, the specific profiles and the mechanisms underlying retinal neurite and synaptic alteration after retinal pathologies remain poorly understood. METHODS Here, we revealed the spatiotemporal pattern of neurite and synaptic alteration following retinal pathologies using a rat model of acute RI/R induced by high intraocular pressure (HIOP) with Western blotting, Immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. We further explored the potential role of activated astrocytes and their derived thrombospondin 2 (TSP2) in RI/R induced retinal neurite and synaptic alteration and visual dysfunction through viral transduction and drug injection. RESULTS We found a defasciculation of RGC axons, a compensatory increase of presynaptic proteins (synaptophysin and synapsin 1) and synaptic vesicles between bipolar cells and ganglion cells in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and the degenerated visual function preceded the neuronal death in rat retinae. These events were accompanied by the activation of astrocytes. Furthermore, we showed that suppressing the activation of astrocytes (intravitreal injection of fluorocitric acid, FC), TSP2 knockdown (TSP2 shRNA-AAV transduction), and competitively inhibiting the binding of TSP2 and α2δ1 (intraperitoneal injection of gabapentin, GBP) effectively alleviated the retinal synaptic and neurite alteration and the visual dysfunction following RI/R injury. CONCLUSIONS (1) At the early stage following RI/R injury, the rat retinae develop a degeneration of ganglion cell axons and the resulting compensatory synaptic remodeling between bipolar cells and ganglion cells in IPL. These changes occur earlier than the massive loss of neurons in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). (2) Activated astrocytes may secret TSP2, which bind to α2δ1, to mediate the degeneration of rat retinal ganglion cell axons, compensatory synaptic remodeling in IPL, and visual dysfunction following RI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Hu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhan Meng
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyue Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Song
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, No.238 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Tan
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jufang Huang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Chen
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan People’s Republic of China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
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11
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Reed CB, Feltri ML, Wilson ER. Peripheral glia diversity. J Anat 2022; 241:1219-1234. [PMID: 34131911 PMCID: PMC8671569 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen an evolving appreciation for the role of glial cells in the nervous system. As we move away from the typical neurocentric view of neuroscience, the complexity and variability of central nervous system glia is emerging, far beyond the three main subtypes: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Yet the diversity of the glia found in the peripheral nervous system remains rarely discussed. In this review, we discuss the developmental origin, morphology, and function of the different populations of glia found in the peripheral nervous system, including: myelinating Schwann cells, Remak Schwann cells, repair Schwann cells, satellite glia, boundary cap-derived glia, perineurial glia, terminal Schwann cells, glia found in the skin, olfactory ensheathing cells, and enteric glia. The morphological and functional heterogeneity of glia found in the periphery reflects the diverse roles the nervous system performs throughout the body. Further, it highlights a complexity that should be appreciated and considered when it comes to a complete understanding of the peripheral nervous system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey B Reed
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State, University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State, University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Emma R Wilson
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State, University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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12
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Zdora I, Jubran L, Allnoch L, Hansmann F, Baumgärtner W, Leitzen E. Morphological and phenotypical characteristics of porcine satellite glial cells of the dorsal root ganglia. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1015281. [PMID: 36337140 PMCID: PMC9626980 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1015281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) ensure homeostasis and proportional excitability of sensory neurons and gained interest in the field of development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Pigs represent a suitable species for translational medicine with a more similar anatomy and physiology to humans compared to rodents, and are used in research regarding treatment of neuropathic pain. Knowledge of anatomical and physiological features of porcine SGCs is prerequisite for interpreting potential alterations. However, state of knowledge is still limited. In the present study, light microscopy, ultrastructural analysis and immunofluorescence staining was performed. SGCs tightly surround DRG neurons with little vascularized connective tissue between SGC-neuron units, containing, among others, axons and Schwann cells. DRG were mainly composed of large sized neurons (∼59%), accompanied by fewer medium sized (∼36%) and small sized sensory neurons (∼6%). An increase of neuronal body size was concomitant with an increased number of surrounding SGCs. The majority of porcine SGCs expressed glutamine synthetase and inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir 4.1, known as SGC-specific markers in other species. Similar to canine SGCs, marked numbers of porcine SGCs were immunopositive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase and the transcription factor Sox2. Low to moderate numbers of SGCs showed aquaporin 4-immunoreactivity (AQP4) as described for murine SGCs. AQP4-immunoreactivity was primarily found in SGCs ensheathing small and medium sized neuronal somata. Low numbers of SGCs were immunopositive for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, indicating a potential immune cell character. No immunoreactivity for common leukocyte antigen CD45 nor neural/glial antigen 2 was detected. The present study provides essential insights into the characteristic features of non-activated porcine SGCs, contributing to a better understanding of this cell population and its functional aspects. This will help to interpret possible changes that might occur under activating conditions such as pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Zdora
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
- Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hanover Graduate School for Neurosciences, Infection Medicine, and Veterinary Sciences (HGNI), Hanover, Germany
| | - Lorna Jubran
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
- Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hanover Graduate School for Neurosciences, Infection Medicine, and Veterinary Sciences (HGNI), Hanover, Germany
| | - Lisa Allnoch
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Florian Hansmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
- Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hanover Graduate School for Neurosciences, Infection Medicine, and Veterinary Sciences (HGNI), Hanover, Germany
| | - Eva Leitzen
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
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13
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Liu YJ, Li YL, Fang ZH, Liao HL, Zhang YY, Lin J, Liu F, Shen JF. NMDARs mediate peripheral and central sensitization contributing to chronic orofacial pain. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:999509. [PMID: 36238833 PMCID: PMC9553029 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.999509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral and central sensitizations of the trigeminal nervous system are the main mechanisms to promote the development and maintenance of chronic orofacial pain characterized by allodynia, hyperalgesia, and ectopic pain after trigeminal nerve injury or inflammation. Although the pathomechanisms of chronic orofacial pain are complex and not well known, sufficient clinical and preclinical evidence supports the contribution of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs, a subclass of ionotropic glutamate receptors) to the trigeminal nociceptive signal processing pathway under various pathological conditions. NMDARs not only have been implicated as a potential mediator of pain-related neuroplasticity in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) but also mediate excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we focus on the pivotal roles and mechanisms of NMDARs in the trigeminal nervous system under orofacial neuropathic and inflammatory pain. In particular, we summarize the types, components, and distribution of NMDARs in the trigeminal nervous system. Besides, we discuss the regulatory roles of neuron-nonneuronal cell/neuron-neuron communication mediated by NMDARs in the peripheral mechanisms of chronic orofacial pain following neuropathic injury and inflammation. Furthermore, we review the functional roles and mechanisms of NMDARs in the ascending and descending circuits under orofacial neuropathic and inflammatory pain conditions, which contribute to the central sensitization. These findings are not only relevant to understanding the underlying mechanisms, but also shed new light on the targeted therapy of chronic orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Han Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Lin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jie-Fei Shen Fei Liu
| | - Jie-Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jie-Fei Shen Fei Liu
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14
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Glutamine Maintains Satellite Glial Cells Growth and Survival in Culture. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3635-3646. [PMID: 35522367 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) tightly surround neurons and modulate sensory transmission in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). At present, the biological property of primary SGCs in culture deserves further investigation. To reveal the key factor for SGCs growth and survival, we examined the effects of different culture supplementations containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/F12, DMEM high glucose (HG) or Neurobasal-A (NB). CCK-8 proliferation assay showed an increased proliferation of SGCs in DMEM/F12 and DMEM/HG, but not in NB medium. Bax, AnnexinV, and propidium iodide (PI) staining results showed that NB medium caused cell death and apoptosis. We showed that glutamine was over 2.5 mM in DMEM/F12 and DMEM/HG, whereas it was absence in NB medium. Interestingly, exogenous glutamine application significantly reversed the poor proliferation and cell death of SGCs in NB medium. These findings demonstrated that DMEM/F12 medium was optimal to get high-purity SGCs. Glutamine was the key molecule to maintain SGCs growth and survival in culture. Here, we provided a novel approach to get high-purity SGCs by changing the key component of culture medium. Our study shed a new light on understanding the biological property and modulation of glial cells of primary sensory ganglia.
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15
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Yang N, Liu F, Zhang X, Chen C, Xia Z, Fu S, Wang J, Xu J, Cui S, Zhang Y, Yi M, Wan Y, Li Q, Xu S. A Hybrid Titanium-Softmaterial, High-Strength, Transparent Cranial Window for Transcranial Injection and Neuroimaging. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020129. [PMID: 35200389 PMCID: PMC8870569 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A transparent and penetrable cranial window is essential for neuroimaging, transcranial injection and comprehensive understanding of cortical functions. For these applications, cranial windows made from glass coverslip, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethylmethacrylate, crystal and silicone hydrogel have offered remarkable convenience. However, there is a lack of high-strength, high-transparency, penetrable cranial window with clinical application potential. We engineer high-strength hybrid Titanium-PDMS (Ti-PDMS) cranial windows, which allow large transparent area for in vivo two-photon imaging, and provide a soft window for transcranial injection. Laser scanning and 3D printing techniques are used to match the hybrid cranial window to different skull morphology. A multi-cycle degassing pouring process ensures a good combination of PDMS and Ti frame. Ti-PDMS cranial windows have a high fracture strength matching human skull bone, excellent light transmittance up to 94.4%, and refractive index close to biological tissue. Ti-PDMS cranial windows show excellent bio-compatibility during 21-week implantation in mice. Dye injection shows that the PDMS window has a "self-sealing" to keep liquid from leaking out. Two-photon imaging for brain tissues could be achieved up to 450 µm in z-depth. As a novel brain-computer-interface, this Ti-PDMS device offers an alternative choice for in vivo drug delivery, optical experiments, ultrasonic treatment and electrophysiology recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (N.Y.); (J.X.)
| | - Fengyu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (S.X.)
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.Z.); (Q.L.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenni Chen
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xia
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Su Fu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (N.Y.); (J.X.)
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuang Cui
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Li
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.Z.); (Q.L.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shengyong Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (N.Y.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (S.X.)
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16
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GPR55 and GPR119 Receptors Contribute to the Processing of Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010067. [PMID: 35056124 PMCID: PMC8778754 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) comprise a large number of receptors which are widely distributed in the nervous system and represent an opportunity to identify new molecular targets in pain medicine. GPR55 and GPR119 are two orphan GPCR receptors whose physiological function is unclear. The aim was to explore the participation of spinal GPR55 and GPR119 in the processing of neuropathic pain in rats. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated using von Frey filaments. Protein localization and modulation were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, respectively. Intrathecal administration of CID16020046 (selective GPR55 antagonist) or AS1269574 (selective GPR119 agonist) produced a dose-dependent antiallodynic effect, whereas O1062 (GPR55 agonist) and G-protein antagonist peptide dose-dependently prevented the antiallodynic effect of CID16020046 and AS1269574, respectively. Both GPR55 and GPR119 receptors were expressed in spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve, but only GPR119 was downregulated after 14 days of spinal nerve ligation. Data suggest that GPR55 and GPR119 participate in the processing of neuropathic pain and could be useful targets to manage neuropathic pain disorders.
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17
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Molecular Changes in the Dorsal Root Ganglion during the Late Phase of Peripheral Nerve Injury-induced Pain in Rodents: A Systematic Review. Anesthesiology 2021; 136:362-388. [PMID: 34965284 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal root ganglion is widely recognized as a potential target to treat chronic pain. A fundamental understanding of quantitative molecular and genomic changes during the late phase of pain is therefore indispensable. The authors performed a systematic literature review on injury-induced pain in rodent dorsal root ganglions at minimally 3 weeks after injury. So far, slightly more than 300 molecules were quantified on the protein or messenger RNA level, of which about 60 were in more than one study. Only nine individual sequencing studies were performed in which the most up- or downregulated genes varied due to heterogeneity in study design. Neuropeptide Y and galanin were found to be consistently upregulated on both the gene and protein levels. The current knowledge regarding molecular changes in the dorsal root ganglion during the late phase of pain is limited. General conclusions are difficult to draw, making it hard to select specific molecules as a focus for treatment.
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18
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Huang B, Zdora I, de Buhr N, Eikelberg D, Baumgärtner W, Leitzen E. Phenotypical changes of satellite glial cells in a murine model of G M1 -gangliosidosis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:527-539. [PMID: 34877779 PMCID: PMC8743646 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) react in response to various injuries in the nervous system. This study investigates reactive changes within SGCs in a murine model for GM1‐gangliosidosis (GM1). DRG of homozygous β‐galactosidase‐knockout mice and homozygous C57BL/6 wild‐type mice were investigated performing immunostaining on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue. A marked upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the progenitor marker nestin and Ki67 within SGCs of diseased mice, starting after 4 months at the earliest GFAP, along with intracytoplasmic accumulation of ganglioside within neurons and deterioration of clinical signs was identified. Interestingly, nestin‐positive SGCs were detected after 8 months only. No changes regarding inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1, 2, 3‐cyclic nucleotide 3‐phosphodiesterase, Sox2, doublecortin, periaxin and caspase3 were observed in SGCs. Iba1 was only detected in close vicinity of SGCs indicating infiltrating or tissue‐resident macrophages. These results indicate that SGCs of DRG show phenotypical changes during the course of GM1, characterized by GFAP upregulation, proliferation and expression of a neural progenitor marker at a late time point. This points towards an important role of SGCs during neurodegenerative disorders and supports that SGCs represent a multipotent glial precursor cell line with high plasticity and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Zdora
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Deborah Eikelberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Leitzen
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Discrepancy in the Usage of GFAP as a Marker of Satellite Glial Cell Reactivity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081022. [PMID: 34440226 PMCID: PMC8391720 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) surrounding the neuronal somas in peripheral sensory ganglia are sensitive to neuronal stressors, which induce their reactive state. It is believed that such induced gliosis affects the signaling properties of the primary sensory neurons and is an important component of the neuropathic phenotype leading to pain and other sensory disturbances. Efforts to understand and manipulate such gliosis relies on reliable markers to confirm induced SGC reactivity and ultimately the efficacy of targeted intervention. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is currently the only widely used marker for such analyses. However, we have previously described the lack of SGC upregulation of GFAP in a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury, suggesting that GFAP may not be a universally suitable marker of SGC gliosis across species and experimental models. To further explore this, we here investigate the regulation of GFAP in two different experimental models in both rats and mice. We found that whereas GFAP was upregulated in both rodent species in the applied inflammation model, only the rat demonstrated increased GFAP in SGCs following sciatic nerve injury; we did not observe any such GFAP upregulation in the mouse model at either protein or mRNA levels. Our results demonstrate an important discrepancy between species and experimental models that prevents the usage of GFAP as a universal marker for SGC reactivity.
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20
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Inactivation of vimentin in satellite glial cells affects dorsal root ganglion intermediate filament expression and neuronal axon growth in vitro. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 115:103659. [PMID: 34400333 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve trauma and regeneration are complex events, and little is known concerning how occurrences in the distal stump affect the cell body's response to injury. Intermediate filament (IF) proteins underpin cellular architecture and take part in nerve cell proliferation, differentiation and axon regeneration, but their role in these processes is not yet fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the regulation and interrelationship of major neural IFs in adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs) following sciatic nerve injury. We demonstrated that the expression of neural IFs in DRG neurons and SGCs after axotomy depends on vimentin activity. In intact DRGs, synemin M and peripherin proteins are detected in small neurons while neurofilament L (NFL) and synemin L characterize large neurons. Both neuronal populations are surrounded by vimentin positive- and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-negative SGCs. In response to axotomy, synemin M and peripherin were upregulated in large wild-type DRG neurons and, to a lesser extent, in vim-/- and synm-/- DRG neurons, suggesting the role for these IFs in axon regeneration. However, an increase in the number of NFL-positive small neurons was observed in vim-/- mice, accompanied by a decrease of peripherin-positive small neurons. These findings suggest that vimentin is required for injury-induced neuronal IF remodeling. We further show that vimentin is also indispensable for nerve injury-induced GFAP upregulation in perineuronal SGCs and that inactivation of vimentin and synemin appears to accelerate the rate of DRG neurite regeneration at early stages in vitro.
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21
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Common and discrete mechanisms underlying chronic pain and itch: peripheral and central sensitization. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1603-1615. [PMID: 34245379 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Normally, an obvious antagonism exists between pain and itch. In normal conditions, painful stimuli suppress itch sensation, whereas pain killers often generate itch. Although pain and itch are mediated by separate pathways under normal conditions, most chemicals are not highly specific to one sensation in chronic pathologic conditions. Notably, in patients with neuropathic pain, histamine primarily induces pain rather than itch, while in patients with atopic dermatitis, bradykinin triggers itch rather than pain. Accordingly, repetitive scratching even enhances itch sensation in chronic itch conditions. Physicians often prescribe pain relievers to patients with chronic itch, suggesting common mechanisms underlying chronic pain and itch, especially peripheral and central sensitization. Rather than separating itch and pain, studies should investigate chronic itch and pain including neuropathic and inflammatory conditions. Here, we reviewed chronic sensitization leading to chronic pain and itch at both peripheral and central levels. Studies investigating the connection between pain and itch facilitate the development of new therapeutics against both chronic dysesthesias based on the underlying pathophysiology.
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22
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Huang B, Zdora I, de Buhr N, Lehmbecker A, Baumgärtner W, Leitzen E. Phenotypical peculiarities and species-specific differences of canine and murine satellite glial cells of spinal ganglia. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6909-6924. [PMID: 34096171 PMCID: PMC8278083 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are located in the spinal ganglia (SG) of the peripheral nervous system and tightly envelop each neuron. They preserve tissue homeostasis, protect neurons and react in response to injury. This study comparatively characterizes the phenotype of murine (mSGCs) and canine SGCs (cSGCs). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence as well as 2D and 3D imaging techniques were performed to describe a SGC-specific marker panel, identify potential functional subsets and other phenotypical, species-specific peculiarities. Glutamine synthetase (GS) and the potassium channel Kir 4.1 are SGC-specific markers in murine and canine SG. Furthermore, a subset of mSGCs showed CD45 immunoreactivity and the majority of mSGCs were immunopositive for neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2), indicating an immune and a progenitor cell character. The majority of cSGCs were immunopositive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) and Sox2. Therefore, cSGCs resemble central nervous system glial cells and progenitor cells. SGCs lacked expression of macrophage markers CD107b, Iba1 and CD204. Double labelling with GS/Kir 4.1 highlights the unique anatomy of SGC-neuron units and emphasizes the indispensability of further staining and imaging techniques for closer insights into the specific distribution of markers and potential colocalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Zdora
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Lehmbecker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Leitzen
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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Use of low-dose naltrexone in the management of chronic pain conditions: A systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc 2021; 151:891-902.e1. [PMID: 33228882 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors aimed to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose naltrexone in the management of chronic pain conditions and determine its potential use in orofacial pain management. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was completed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source Library databases up through June 17, 2019, using terms such as neurogenic, inflammation, naltrexone, temporomandibular, and chronic pain. The primary outcome was reduction in pain intensity and, secondarily, improvement in quality of life. RESULTS A total of 793 studies were obtained with the initial search and 8 articles were selected for evaluation. Of these 8 articles, 4 were case reports, 3 were clinical studies, and 1 was a randomized controlled trial. Six studies included data on fibromyalgia, 2 studies included data on chronic regional pain syndrome, and 1 examined multiple diagnoses, including fibromyalgia, interstitial cystitis, and chronic pelvic pain. The primary outcome of all of the studies was pain intensity reduction. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Low-dose naltrexone provides an alternative in medical management of chronic pain disorders as a novel anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator. It can offer additional management options, as orofacial pain conditions share characteristics with other chronic pain disorders. Owing to the size and heterogeneity of the studies, more large-scale studies are needed, along with additional studies assessing orofacial pain response to low-dose naltrexone.
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24
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Bhusal A, Rahman MH, Lee WH, Lee IK, Suk K. Satellite glia as a critical component of diabetic neuropathy: Role of lipocalin-2 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-2 axis in the dorsal root ganglion. Glia 2020; 69:971-996. [PMID: 33251681 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of uncontrolled diabetes. The pathogenesis of DPN is associated with chronic inflammation in dorsal root ganglion (DRG), eventually causing structural and functional changes. Studies on DPN have primarily focused on neuronal component, and there is limited knowledge about the role of satellite glial cells (SGCs), although they completely enclose neuronal soma in DRG. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a pro-inflammatory acute-phase protein found in high levels in diverse neuroinflammatory and metabolic disorders. In diabetic DRG, the expression of LCN2 was increased exclusively in the SGCs. This upregulation of LCN2 in SGCs correlated with increased inflammatory responses in DRG and sciatic nerve. Furthermore, diabetes-induced inflammation and morphological changes in DRG, as well as sciatic nerve, were attenuated in Lcn2 knockout (KO) mice. Lcn2 gene ablation also ameliorated neuropathy phenotype as determined by nerve conduction velocity and intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Mechanistically, studies using specific gene KO mice, adenovirus-mediated gene overexpression strategy, and primary cultures of DRG SGCs and neurons have demonstrated that LCN2 enhances the expression of mitochondrial gate-keeping regulator pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-2 (PDK2) through PPARβ/δ, thereby inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and increasing production of glycolytic end product lactic acid in DRG SGCs and neurons of diabetic mice. Collectively, our findings reveal a crucial role of glial LCN2-PPARβ/δ-PDK2-lactic acid axis in progression of DPN. Our results establish a link between pro-inflammatory LCN2 and glycolytic PDK2 in DRG SGCs and neurons and propose a novel glia-based mechanism and drug target for therapy of DPN. MAIN POINTS: Diabetes upregulates LCN2 in satellite glia, which in turn increases pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-2 (PDK2) expression and lactic acid production in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Glial LCN2-PDK2-lactic acid axis in DRG plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Brain Korea 21 Plus/Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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25
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Cawthon CR, Kirkland RA, Pandya S, Brinson NA, de La Serre CB. Non-neuronal crosstalk promotes an inflammatory response in nodose ganglia cultures after exposure to byproducts from gram positive, high-fat-diet-associated gut bacteria. Physiol Behav 2020; 226:113124. [PMID: 32763334 PMCID: PMC7530053 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vagal afferent neurons (VAN) projecting to the lamina propria of the digestive tract are the primary source of gut-originating signals to the central nervous system (CNS). VAN cell bodies are found in the nodose ganglia (NG). Responsiveness of VAN to gut-originating signals is altered by feeding status with sensitivity to satiety signals such as cholecystokinin (CCK) increasing in the fed state. Chronic high-fat (HF) feeding results in inflammation at the level of the NG associated with a loss of VAN ability to switch phenotype from the fasted to the fed state. HF feeding also leads to compositional changes in the gut microbiota. HF diet consumption notably drives increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phyla ratio and increased members of the Actinobacteria phylum. Firmicutes and Actinobacteria are largely gram positive (GP). In this study, we aimed to determine if byproducts from GP bacteria can induce an inflammatory response in cultured NG and to characterize the mechanism and cell types involved in the response. NG were collected from male Wistar rats and cultured for a total of 72 hours. At 48-68 hours after plating, cultures were treated with neuronal culture media in which Serinicoccus chungangensis had been grown and removed (SUP), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), or meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP). Some treatments included the glial inhibitors minocycline (MINO) and/or fluorocitrate (FC). The responses were evaluated using immunocytochemistry, qPCR, and electrochemiluminescence. We found that SUP induced an inflammatory response characterized by increased interleukin (IL)-6 staining and increased expression of genes for IL-6, interferon (IFN)γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α along with genes associated with cell-to-cell communication such as C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2). Inclusion of inhibitors attenuated some responses but failed to completely normalize all indications of response, highlighting the role of immunocompetent cellular crosstalk in regulating the inflammatory response. LTA and meso-DAP produced responses that shared characteristics with SUP but were not identical. Our results support a role for HF associated GP bacterial byproducts' ability to contribute to vagal inflammation and to engage signaling from nonneuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Cawthon
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Rebecca A Kirkland
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Shreya Pandya
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Nigel A Brinson
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Claire B de La Serre
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States.
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26
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Deletion of Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 3 Relieves the Late Phase of Neuropathic Pain by Preventing Neuron Degeneration and Promoting Neuron Repair. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112355. [PMID: 33114619 PMCID: PMC7692130 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is one type of chronic pain that occurs as a result of a lesion or disease to the somatosensory nervous system. Chronic excessive inflammatory response after nerve injury may contribute to the maintenance of persistent pain. Although the role of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in mediating allodynia and hyperalgesia has been extensively studied, the detailed mechanisms of persistent pain or whether the interactions between neurons, glia and immune cells are essential for maintenance of the chronic state have not been completely elucidated. ASIC3, a voltage-insensitive, proton-gated cation channel, is the most essential pH sensor for pain perception. ASIC3 gene expression is increased in dorsal root ganglion neurons after inflammation and nerve injury and ASIC3 is involved in macrophage maturation. ASIC currents are increased after nerve injury. However, whether prolonged hyperalgesia induced by the nerve injury requires ASIC3 and whether ASIC3 regulates neurons, immune cells or glial cells to modulate neuropathic pain remains unknown. We established a model of chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) in mice. CCI mice showed long-lasting mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. CCI also caused long-term inflammation at the sciatic nerve and primary sensory neuron degeneration as well as increased satellite glial expression and ATF3 expression. ASIC3 deficiency shortened mechanical allodynia and attenuated thermal hyperalgesia. ASIC3 gene deletion shifted ATF3 expression from large to small neurons and altered the M1/M2 macrophage ratio, thereby preventing small neuron degeneration and relieved pain.
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27
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Zhang Y, Standifer KM. Exacerbated Headache-Related Pain in the Single Prolonged Stress Preclinical Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1009-1018. [PMID: 32930941 PMCID: PMC8159770 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic headache pain is one of the most commonly reported comorbid pain conditions with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients and resistant to effective treatment, yet no combined preclinical model of the two disorders has been reported. Here, we used a modified chronic headache pain model to investigate the contribution of single prolonged stress (SPS) model of PTSD with sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced hyperalgesia. Injection of SNP (2 mg/kg, i.p.) occurred every other day from day 7 to day 15 after initiation of SPS in rats. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) to von Frey stimuli and tail flick latencies (TFL) dramatically decreased as early as 7 days after SPS and lasted until at least day 21. Basal PWT and TFL also significantly decreased during the SNP treatment period. The lower nociceptive thresholds recovered in 6 days following the final SNP injection in SNP group, but not in SPS + SNP group. Elevated nociceptin/OFQ (N/OFQ) levels observed in cerebrospinal fluid of SPS rats were even higher in SPS + SNP group. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor mRNA expression increased in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) 21 days after SPS exposure; mRNA increases in the SPS/SNP group was more pronounced than SPS or SNP alone. GFAP protein expression was upregulated in trigeminal ganglia by SPS. Our results indicate that traumatic stress exaggerated chronic SNP-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity, and that N/OFQ and activated satellite glia cells may play an important role in the interaction between both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kelly M Standifer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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28
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Are glia targets for neuropathic orofacial pain therapy? J Am Dent Assoc 2020; 152:774-779. [PMID: 32921390 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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Noor S, Sanchez JJ, Sun MS, Pervin Z, Sanchez JE, Havard MA, Epler LT, Nysus MV, Norenberg JP, Wagner CR, Davies S, Wagner JL, Savage DD, Jantzie LL, Mellios N, Milligan ED. The LFA-1 antagonist BIRT377 reverses neuropathic pain in prenatal alcohol-exposed female rats via actions on peripheral and central neuroimmune function in discrete pain-relevant tissue regions. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:339-358. [PMID: 31918004 PMCID: PMC7316595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports show that moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) poses a risk factor for developing neuropathic pain following adult-onset peripheral nerve injury in male rats. Recently, evidence suggests that immune-related mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain in females are different compared to males despite the fact that both sexes develop neuropathy of similar magnitude and duration following chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Data suggest that the actions of peripheral T cells play a greater role in mediating neuropathy in females. The goal of the current study is to identify specificity of immune cell and cytokine changes between PAE and non-PAE neuropathic females by utilizing a well-characterized rodent model of sciatic nerve damage, in an effort to unmask unique signatures of immune-related factors underlying the risk of neuropathy from PAE. Cytokines typically associated with myeloid cell actions such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 as well as the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1, are examined. In addition, transcription factors and cytokines associated with various differentiated T cell subtypes are examined (anti-inflammatory FOXP3, proinflammatory IL-17A, IL-21, ROR-γt, interferon (IFN)-γ and T-bet). Lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is an adhesion molecule expressed on peripheral immune cells including T cells, and regulates T cell activation and extravasation into inflamed tissue regions. A potential therapeutic approach was explored with the goal of controlling proinflammatory responses in neuroanatomical regions critical for CCI-induced allodynia by blocking LFA-1 actions using BIRT377. The data show profound development of hindpaw allodynia in adult non-PAE control females following standard CCI, but not following minor CCI, while minor CCI generated allodynia in PAE females. The data also show substantial increases in T cell-associated proinflammatory cytokine mRNA and proteins, along with evidence of augmented myeloid/glial activation (mRNA) and induction of myeloid/glial-related proinflammatory cytokines, CCL2, IL-1β and TNF in discrete regions along the pain pathway (damaged sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglia; DRG, and spinal cord). Interestingly, the characteristic anti-inflammatory IL-10 protein response to nerve damage is blunted in neuropathic PAE females. Moreover, T cell profiles are predominantly proinflammatory in neuropathic Sac and PAE females, augmented levels of Th17-specific proinflammatory cytokines IL-17A and IL-21, as well as the Th1-specific factor, T-bet, are observed. Similarly, the expression of RORγt, a critical transcription factor for Th17 cells, is detected in the spinal cord of neuropathic females. Blocking peripheral LFA-1 actions with intravenous (i.v.) BIRT377 reverses allodynia in Sac and PAE rats, dampens myeloid (IL-1β, TNF, CXCL1)- and T cell-associated proinflammatory factors (IL-17A and RORγt) and spinal glial activation. Moreover, i.v. BIRT377 treatment reverses the blunted IL-10 response to CCI observed only in neuropathic PAE rats and elevates FOXP3 in pain-reversed Sac rats. Unexpectedly, intrathecal BIRT377 treatment is unable to alter allodynia in either Sac or PAE neuropathic females. Together, these data provide evidence that: 1) fully differentiated proinflammatory Th17 cells recruited at the sciatic nerve, DRGs and lumbar spinal cord may interact with the local environment to shape the immune responses underlying neuropathy in female rats, and, 2) PAE primes peripheral and spinal immune responses in adult females. PAE is a risk factor in females for developing peripheral neuropathy after minor nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahani Noor
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Joshua J. Sanchez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Melody S. Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131,USA
| | - Zinia Pervin
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Jacob E. Sanchez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131,USA
| | - Mara A. Havard
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 8713,USA
| | - Lauren T. Epler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-001, USA
| | - Monique V. Nysus
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, New Mexico Center for Isotopes in Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131,USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Norenberg
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, New Mexico Center for Isotopes in Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131,USA
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, MN 55455, USA
| | - Suzy Davies
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Wagner
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Daniel D. Savage
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131,USA
| | - Lauren L. Jantzie
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
| | - Nikolaos Mellios
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Erin. D. Milligan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131,USA
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Wang S, Liu S, Xu L, Zhu X, Liu W, Tian L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Nagendra BVP, Jia S, Liang L, Huo FQ. The upregulation of EGFR in the dorsal root ganglion contributes to chronic compression of dorsal root ganglions-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Mol Pain 2020; 15:1744806919857297. [PMID: 31215332 PMCID: PMC6585252 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919857297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Linping Xu
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,3 Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wanyuan Liu
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lixia Tian
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Borra V Padma Nagendra
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Shushan Jia
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lingli Liang
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Quan Huo
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Yuan Q, Liu X, Xian YF, Yao M, Zhang X, Huang P, Wu W, Lin ZX. Satellite glia activation in dorsal root ganglion contributes to mechanical allodynia after selective motor fiber injury in adult rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110187. [PMID: 32361638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that activation of satellite glia cells (SGCs) in sensory ganglia play important roles in the development of neuropathic pain. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of SGC activation in a novel model of motor nerve injury induced pain hypersensitivity. The neuropathic pain model was established by cervical 8 ventral root avulsion (C8VA). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was used as a marker of SGC activation. Unilateral C8VA resulted in mechanical allodynia, but not thermal hyperalgesia in bilateral paws. Expectedly, SGCs were robustly activated on as early as 1 day and persisted for at least 7 days in the ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of C6, C7 and C8 after C8VA. Double immunofluorescence showed that almost all the activated SGCs enveloped neurofilament 200 (NF200) positive myelinated neurons in DRG. Local application of fluorocitrate (FC), a glial metabolism inhibitor, significantly decreased the number of activated SGCs and alleviated bilateral mechanical allodynia. These results suggest that SGC activation contributed to ipsilateral and mirror-image pain hypersensitivity after C8VA. Inhibition of SGC activation represented a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of neuropathic pain following brachial plexus root avulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengyun Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Wutian Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China; GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
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Behavioral, Electrophysiological, and Histological Characterization of a New Rat Model for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy–Induced Neuropathic Pain: Therapeutic Potential of Duloxetine and Allopregnanolone Concomitant Treatment. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:145-162. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fonseca MM, Davoli-Ferreira M, Santa-Cecília F, Guimarães RM, Oliveira FFB, Kusuda R, Ferreira DW, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha FQ, Cunha TM. IL-27 Counteracts Neuropathic Pain Development Through Induction of IL-10. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3059. [PMID: 32047492 PMCID: PMC6997342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimmune–glia interactions have been implicated in the development of neuropathic pain. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a cytokine that presents regulatory activity in inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system. Thus, we hypothesized that IL-27 would participate in the neuropathic pain process. Here, we found that neuropathic pain caused by peripheral nerve injury (spared nerve injury model; SNI), was enhanced in IL-27-deficient(−/−) mice, whereas nociceptive pain is similar to that of wild-type mice. SNI induced an increase in the expression of IL-27 and its receptor subunit (Wsx1) in the sensory ganglia and spinal cord. IL-27 receptor was expressed mainly in resident macrophage, microglia, and astrocytes of the sensory ganglia and spinal cord, respectively. Finally, we identify that the antinociceptive effect of IL-27 was not observed in IL-10−/− mice. These results provided evidence that IL-27 is a cytokine produced after peripheral nerve injury that counteracts neuropathic pain development through induction of the antinociceptive cytokine IL-10. In summary, our study unraveled the role of IL-27 as a regulatory cytokine that counteracts the development of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve damage. In conclusion, they indicate that immunotherapies based on IL-27 could emerge as possible therapeutic approaches for the prevention of neuropathic pain development after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcela Davoli-Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávia Santa-Cecília
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafaela M Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisco F B Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Kusuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - David W Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Feldman-Goriachnik R, Hanani M. The effects of sympathetic nerve damage on satellite glial cells in the mouse superior cervical ganglion. Auton Neurosci 2019; 221:102584. [PMID: 31494528 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia are surrounded by satellite glial cell (SGCs). There is little information on the effects of nerve damage on SGCs in autonomic ganglia. We studied the consequences of damage to sympathetic nerve terminals by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on SGCs in the mouse superior cervical ganglia (Sup-CG). Immunostaining revealed that at 1-30 d post-6-OHDA injection, SGCs in Sup-CG were activated, as assayed by upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Intracellular labeling showed that dye coupling between SGCs around different neurons increased 4-6-fold 1-14 d after 6-OHDA injection. Behavioral testing 1-7 d post-6-OHDA showed that withdrawal threshold to tactile stimulation of the hind paws was reduced by 65-85%, consistent with hypersensitivity. A single intraperitoneal injection of the gap junction blocker carbenoxolone restored normal tactile thresholds in 6-OHDA-treated mice, suggesting a contribution of SGC gap junctions to pain. Using calcium imaging we found that after 6-OHDA treatment responses of SGCs to ATP were increased by about 30% compared with controls, but responses to ACh were reduced by 48%. The same experiments for SGCs in trigeminal ganglia from 6-OHDA injected mice showed no difference from controls, confirming that 6-OHDA acted selectively on sympathetic nerves. However, systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide did not affect SGCs of Sup-CG, but did influence SGCs in trigeminal ganglia in the same manner as 6-OHDA did on SGCs in Sup-CG. We conclude that even though SGCs in sympathetic and sensory ganglia are morphologically similar, they are quite different functionally, particularly after damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Feldman-Goriachnik
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menachem Hanani
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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Antiallodynic Effects of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB 2R) Agonists on Retrovirus Infection-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Pain Res Manag 2019; 2019:1260353. [PMID: 31354896 PMCID: PMC6637694 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1260353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The most common neurological complication in patients receiving successful combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is peripheral neuropathic pain. Data show that distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) also develops along with murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) after infection with the LP-BM5 murine retrovirus mixture. Links between cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) and peripheral neuropathy have been established in animal models using nerve transection, chemotherapy-induced pain, and various other stimuli. Diverse types of neuropathic pain respond differently to standard drug intervention, and little is currently known regarding the effects of modulation through CB2Rs. In this study, we evaluated whether treatment with the exogenous synthetic CB2R agonists JWH015, JWH133, Gp1a, and HU308 controls neuropathic pain and neuroinflammation in animals with chronic retroviral infection. Hind-paw mechanical hypersensitivity in CB2R agonist-treated versus untreated animals was assessed using the MouseMet electronic von Frey system. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to determine the effects of CB2R agonists on macrophage activation and T-lymphocyte infiltration into dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and lumbar spinal cord (LSC). Results demonstrated that, following weekly intraperitoneal injections starting at 5 wk p.i., JWH015, JWH133, and Gp1a, but not HU308 (5 mg/kg), significantly ameliorated allodynia when assessed 2 h after ligand injection. However, these same agonists (2x/wk) did not display antiallodynic effects when mechanical sensitivity was assessed 24 h after ligand injection. Infection-induced macrophage activation and T-cell infiltration into the DRG and LSC were observed at 12 wk p.i., but this neuroinflammation was not affected by treatment with any CB2R agonist. Activation of JAK/STAT3 has been shown to contribute to development of neuropathic pain in the LSC and pretreatment of primary murine microglia (2 h) with JWH015-, JWH133-, or Gp1a-blocked IFN-gamma-induced phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3. Taken together, these data show that CB2R agonists demonstrate acute, but not long-term, antiallodynic effects on retrovirus infection-induced neuropathic pain.
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Liu Q, Chen W, Fan X, Wang J, Fu S, Cui S, Liao F, Cai J, Wang X, Huang Y, Su L, Zhong L, Yi M, Liu F, Wan Y. Upregulation of interleukin-6 on Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons contributes to neuropathic pain in rats with spinal nerve ligation. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:226-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Caylor J, Reddy R, Yin S, Cui C, Huang M, Huang C, Rao R, Baker DG, Simmons A, Souza D, Narouze S, Vallejo R, Lerman I. Spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain: evidence and theory for mechanisms of action. Bioelectron Med 2019; 5:12. [PMID: 31435499 PMCID: PMC6703564 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-019-0023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-established in the field of bioelectronic medicine, Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) offers an implantable, non-pharmacologic treatment for patients with intractable chronic pain conditions. Chronic pain is a widely heterogenous syndrome with regard to both pathophysiology and the resultant phenotype. Despite advances in our understanding of SCS-mediated antinociception, there still exists limited evidence clarifying the pathways recruited when patterned electric pulses are applied to the epidural space. The rapid clinical implementation of novel SCS methods including burst, high frequency and dorsal root ganglion SCS has provided the clinician with multiple options to treat refractory chronic pain. While compelling evidence for safety and efficacy exists in support of these novel paradigms, our understanding of their mechanisms of action (MOA) dramatically lags behind clinical data. In this review, we reconstruct the available basic science and clinical literature that offers support for mechanisms of both paresthesia spinal cord stimulation (P-SCS) and paresthesia-free spinal cord stimulation (PF-SCS). While P-SCS has been heavily examined since its inception, PF-SCS paradigms have recently been clinically approved with the support of limited preclinical research. Thus, wide knowledge gaps exist between their clinical efficacy and MOA. To close this gap, many rich investigative avenues for both P-SCS and PF-SCS are underway, which will further open the door for paradigm optimization, adjunctive therapies and new indications for SCS. As our understanding of these mechanisms evolves, clinicians will be empowered with the possibility of improving patient care using SCS to selectively target specific pathophysiological processes in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Caylor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Rajiv Reddy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sopyda Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Christina Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Mingxiong Huang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Radiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Charles Huang
- Department of Radiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Ramesh Rao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Dewleen G. Baker
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Alan Simmons
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Dmitri Souza
- Center for Pain Medicine, Western Reserve Hospital. Department of Surgery, Northeast Ohio Medical School (NEOMED), Athens, OH USA
| | - Samer Narouze
- Center for Pain Medicine, Western Reserve Hospital. Department of Surgery, Northeast Ohio Medical School (NEOMED), Athens, OH USA
| | - Ricardo Vallejo
- Basic Science Research, Millennium Pain Center, Bloomington, IL USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL USA
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL USA
| | - Imanuel Lerman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Radiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Present Address: VA San Diego, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, (MC116A), San Diego, CA 92161 USA
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Losartan treatment attenuates the development of neuropathic thermal hyperalgesia induced by peripheral nerve injury in rats. Life Sci 2019; 220:147-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Qiao LN, Yang YS, Liu JL, Zhu J, Tan LH, Shi YN, Zhu B, Rong PJ. Contribution of GABAergic modulation in DRGs to electroacupuncture analgesia in incisional neck pain rats. J Pain Res 2019; 12:405-416. [PMID: 30705606 PMCID: PMC6342219 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s180165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acupuncture therapy is effective for relieving postoperative pain. Our previous study showed that electroacupuncture (EA) at Futu (LI18) and Hegu (LI4)–Neiguan (PC6) could alleviate incisional neck pain, which was related with its effect in upregulating γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) expression in cervical (C3–6) dorsal root ganglions (DRGs); but whether its receptor subsets GABAAα2R and GABABR1 in C3–6 DRGs are involved in EA analgesia or not, it remains unknown. Materials and methods Seventy-five male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to normal control, model, LI18, LI4–PC6, and Zusanli (ST36)–Yanglingquan (GB34) groups. The incisional neck pain model was established by making a longitudinal incision along the midline of the rats’ neck, followed by repeated mechanical stimulation. EA was applied to bilateral LI18, LI4–PC6, or ST36–GB34 for 30 minutes at 4, 24, and 48 hours after operation. The thermal pain threshold of the neck was detected by a tail-flick unit, and the C3–6 DRGs were removed for assaying the immunoactivity of substance P (SP), GABAAα2R, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; a marker of satellite glial cells [SGCs]), and GABABR1 and the expression of GABAAα2R and GABABR1 mRNA and proteins using immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and Western blotting, respectively. Results The cervical thermal pain threshold was significantly lower in the model group than the normal group (P<0.001), indicating hyperalgesia after neck incision, and was considerably increased in both EA-LI18 and LI4–PC6 groups (P<0.001), but not in ST36–GB34 group compared with model group (P>0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed that GABAAα2 R expressed on SP+ neurons, and GABABR1 on SGCs. EA of LI18 and LI4–PC6 markedly suppressed the modeling-induced upregulation of the immunoactivity of SP (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively) and GFAP (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively) and significantly reversed neck incision–induced downregulation of the expression of GABAAα2R and GABABR1 mRNAs and proteins (P<0.05). Conclusion EA of LI18 and LI4–PC6 has an analgesic effect in incisional neck pain rats, which is related to its effects in upregulating GABAergic inhibitory modulation on nociceptive peptidergic neurons and SGCs in cervical DRGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Na Qiao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, ;
| | - Yong Sheng Yang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, ;
| | - Jun Ling Liu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, ;
| | - Jiang Zhu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Hong Tan
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, ;
| | - Yi Nan Shi
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, ;
| | - Bing Zhu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, ;
| | - Pei Jing Rong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, ;
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Hu T, Lu MN, Chen B, Tong J, Mao R, Li SS, Dai P, Tan YX, Xiyang YB. Electro-acupuncture-induced neuroprotection is associated with activation of the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway following adjacent dorsal root ganglionectomies in rats. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:807-820. [PMID: 30569108 PMCID: PMC6317683 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the putative role and underlying mechanisms of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in mediating neuroplasticity in rats subjected to partial dorsal root ganglionectomies following electro-acupuncture (EA) treatment. The rats underwent bilateral removal of the L1-L4 and L6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG), sparing the L5 DRG, and were subsequently subjected to 28 days of EA treatment at two paired acupoints, zusanli (ST 36)-xuanzhong (GB 39) and futu (ST 32)-sanyinjiao (SP 6), as the EA Model group. Rats that received partial dorsal root ganglionectomies without EA treatment served as a control (Model group). Subsequently, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-IGF-1, HSV-small interfering (si) RNA-IGF-1 and the associated control vectors were injected into the L5 DRG of rats in the EA Model group. HSV-IGF-1 transfection enhanced EA-induced neuroplasticity, which manifested as partial recovery in locomotor function, remission hyperpathia, growth of DRG-derived spared fibers, increased expression of phosphorylated (p-) phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, and increased pPI3K/PI3K and pAkt/Akt expression ratios. By contrast, HSV-siRNA-IGF-1 treatment attenuated these effects induced by HSV-IGF-1 transfection. The results additionally demonstrated that HSV-IGF-1 transfection augmented the outgrowth of neurites in cultured DRG neurons, and interference of the expression of IGF-1 retarded neurite outgrowth. Co-treatment with a PI3K inhibitor or Akt siRNA inhibited the aforementioned effects induced by the overexpression of IGF-1. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated the crucial roles of IGF-1 in EA-induced neuroplasticity following adjacent dorsal root ganglionectomies in rats via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Min-Nan Lu
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jun Tong
- Physical Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Rui Mao
- School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Pin Dai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Xin Tan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Bin Xiyang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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Kang XJ, Chi YN, Chen W, Liu FY, Cui S, Liao FF, Cai J, Wan Y. Increased expression of Ca V3.2 T-type calcium channels in damaged DRG neurons contributes to neuropathic pain in rats with spared nerve injury. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918765808. [PMID: 29592785 PMCID: PMC5888807 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918765808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are very important in the peripheral sensitization in neuropathic pain. Our present study aims to investigate the possible contribution of CaV3.2 T-type calcium channels in damaged dorsal root ganglion neurons in neuropathic pain. We established a neuropathic pain model of rats with spared nerve injury. In these model rats, it was easy to distinguish damaged dorsal root ganglion neurons (of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve) from intact dorsal root ganglion neurons (of sural nerves). Our results showed that CaV3.2 protein expression increased in medium-sized neurons from the damaged dorsal root ganglions but not in the intact ones. With whole cell patch clamp recording technique, it was found that after-depolarizing amplitudes of the damaged medium-sized dorsal root ganglion neurons increased significantly at membrane potentials of −85 mV and −95 mV. These results indicate a functional up-regulation of CaV3.2 T-type calcium channels in the damaged medium-sized neurons after spared nerve injury. Behaviorally, blockade of CaV3.2 with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides could significantly reverse mechanical allodynia. These results suggest that CaV3.2 T-type calcium channels in damaged medium-sized dorsal root ganglion neurons might contribute to neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jing Kang
- 1 Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Nan Chi
- 1 Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Anesthesiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- 1 Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Yu Liu
- 1 Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Cui
- 1 Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-Fei Liao
- 1 Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cai
- 1 Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - You Wan
- 1 Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,3 Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
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42
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Santa-Cecília FV, Ferreira DW, Guimaraes RM, Cecilio NT, Fonseca MM, Lopes AH, Davoli-Ferreira M, Kusuda R, Souza GR, Nachbur U, Alves-Filho JC, Teixeira MM, Zamboni DS, Cunha FQ, Cunha TM. The NOD2 signaling in peripheral macrophages contributes to neuropathic pain development. Pain 2018; 160:102-116. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Heteromerization of μ-opioid receptor and cholecystokinin B receptor through the third transmembrane domain of the μ-opioid receptor contributes to the anti-opioid effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-16. [PMID: 29780163 PMCID: PMC5960647 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the cholecystokinin type B receptor (CCKBR) by cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) inhibits opioid analgesia. Chronic opiate treatment leads to an increase in the CCK-8 concentration and thus enhances the antagonism of CCK-8 against opioid analgesia; the underlying molecular mechanisms remain of great interest. In the present study, we validated the colocalization of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and CCKBR in pain signal transmission-related spinal cord dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion neurons of rats. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and fluorescence lifetime-imaging-microscopy-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) assays showed that MOR heteromerized with CCKBR directly in transfected HEK293 cells. Combined with MOR mutant construction, the third transmembrane domain of MOR (TM3MOR) was demonstrated to participate in heteromerization with CCKBR. Receptor ligand binding, ERK phosphorylation and cAMP assays showed that MOR heteromerization with CCKBR weakened the activity of MOR. A cell-penetrating interfering peptide consisting of TM3MOR and TAT (a transactivator of HIV-1) sequences from the N terminal to the C terminal disrupted the MOR-CCKBR interaction and restored the activity of MOR in transfected HEK293 cells. Furthermore, intrathecal application of the TM3MOR-TAT peptide alleviated CCK-8-injection-induced antagonism to morphine analgesia in rats. These results suggest a new molecular mechanism for CCK-8 antagonism to opioid analgesia in terms of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) interaction through direct heteromerization. Our study may provide a potential strategy for pain management with opioid analgesics.
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IKK/NF-κB-dependent satellite glia activation induces spinal cord microglia activation and neuropathic pain after nerve injury. Pain 2018; 158:1666-1677. [PMID: 28722693 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that both microglia and satellite glial cell (SGC) activation play causal roles in neuropathic pain development after peripheral nerve injury; however, the activation mechanisms and their contribution to neuropathic pain remain elusive. To address this issue, we generated Ikkβ conditional knockout mice (Cnp-Cre/Ikkβ; cIkkβ) in which IKK/NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory SGC activation was abrogated. In these mice, nerve injury-induced spinal cord microglia activation and pain hypersensitivity were significantly attenuated compared to those in control mice. In addition, nerve injury-induced proinflammatory gene expression and macrophage infiltration into the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were severely compromised. However, macrophages recruited into the DRG had minimal effects on spinal cord microglia activation, suggesting a causal effect for SGC activation on spinal cord microglia activation. In an effort to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, we measured Csf1 expression in the DRG, which is implicated in spinal cord microglia activation after nerve injury. In cIkkβ mice, nerve injury-induced Csf1 upregulation was ameliorated indicating that IKK/NF-κΒ-dependent SGC activation induced Csf1 expression in sensory neurons. Taken together, our data suggest that nerve injury-induced SGC activation triggers Csf1 induction in sensory neurons, spinal cord microglia activation, and subsequent central pain sensitization.
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Upregulation of Ca v3.2 T-type calcium channels in adjacent intact L4 dorsal root ganglion neurons in neuropathic pain rats with L5 spinal nerve ligation. Neurosci Res 2018; 142:30-37. [PMID: 29684385 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Besides the injured peripheral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, the adjacent intact DRG neurons also have important roles in neuropathic pain. Ion channels including Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel in the DRG neurons are important in the development of neuropathic pain. In the present study, we aimed to examine the expression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in the intact DRG neurons in neuropathic pain. A neuropathic pain model of rat with lumbar 5 (L5) spinal nerve ligation (SNL) was established, in which the L4 DRG was separated from the axotomized L5 DRG, and the molecular, morphological and electrophysiological changes of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in L4 DRG neurons were investigated. Western blotting showed that total and membrane protein levels of Cav3.2 in L4 DRG neurons increased, and voltage-dependent patch clamp recordings revealed an increased T-type current density with a curve shift to the left in steady-state activation in the acutely isolated L4 DRG neurons in neuropathic pain rats. Immunofluorescent staining further showed that the membrane expression of Cav3.2 increased in CGRP-, IB4-positive small neurons and NF200-positive large ones. In conclusion, the membrane expression and the function of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels are increased in the intact L4 DRG neurons in neuropathic pain rats with peripheral nerve injury like SNL.
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Oliveira ME, Santos FM, Bonifácio RP, Freitas MF, Martins DO, Chacur M. Low level laser therapy alters satellite glial cell expression and reverses nociceptive behavior in rats with neuropathic pain. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:547-554. [PMID: 28125108 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00360e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve injury often results in persistent or chronic neuropathic pain characterized by spontaneous burning pain accompanied by allodynia and hyperalgesia. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a noninvasive method that has proved to be clinically effective in reducing pain sensitivity and consequently in improving the quality of life. Here we examined the effects of LLLT on pain sensitivity induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats. CCI was performed on adult male rats, subjected thereafter to 10 sessions of LLLT, every other day, and starting 14 days after CCI. Over the treatment period, the animals were evaluated for nociception using behavioral tests, such as allodynia, thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. Following the sessions, we observed the involvement of satellite glial cells in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence approaches. In addition we analyzed the expression levels of interleukin 1 (IL-1β) and fractalkine (FKN) after the same stimulus. RESULTS LLLT induced an early reduction (starting at the second session; p ≤ 0.001) of the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and allodynia in CCI rats, which persisted until the last session. Regarding cellular changes, we observed a decrease of GFAP (50%; p ≤ 0.001) expression after LLLT in the ipsilateral DRG when compared with the naive group. We also observed a significant increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines after CCI, whereas LLLT dramatically inhibited the overexpression of these proteins. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that LLLT reverses CCI-induced behavioral hypersensitivity, reduces glial cell activation in the DRG and decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines; we suggest that this involvement of glial cells can be one potential mechanism in such an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Oliveira
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, SP, Brazil.
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47
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Chen W, Chi YN, Kang XJ, Liu QY, Zhang HL, Li ZH, Zhao ZF, Yang Y, Su L, Cai J, Liao FF, Yi M, Wan Y, Liu FY. Accumulation of Ca v3.2 T-type Calcium Channels in the Uninjured Sural Nerve Contributes to Neuropathic Pain in Rats with Spared Nerve Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:24. [PMID: 29472842 PMCID: PMC5809483 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries to peripheral nerve fibers induce neuropathic pain. But the involvement of adjacent uninjured fibers to pain is not fully understood. The present study aims to investigate the possible contribution of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in uninjured afferent nerve fibers to neuropathic pain in rats with spared nerve injury (SNI). Aβ-, Aδ- and C-fibers of the uninjured sural nerve were sensitized revealed by in vivo single-unit recording, which were accompanied by accumulation of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel proteins shown by Western blotting. Application of mibefradil, a T-type calcium channel blocker, to sural nerve receptive fields increased mechanical thresholds of Aβ-, Aδ- and C-fibers, confirming the functional involvement of accumulated channels in the sural nerve in SNI rats. Finally, perineural application of mibefradil or TTA-P2 to the uninjured sural nerve alleviated mechanical allodynia in SNI rats. These results suggest that axonal accumulation of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels plays an important role in the uninjured sural nerve sensitization and contributes to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Nan Chi
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Jing Kang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Ying Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi-Fang Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Su
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-Fei Liao
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Yu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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48
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Ceruti S. What role does multiple sclerosis play in the development of untreatable painful conditions? Pain Manag 2018; 8:37-44. [DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2017-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical data outline the high incidence of pain syndromes in patients with multiple sclerosis, with a significant prevalence of craniofacial manifestations, including trigeminal neuralgia and migraine, which are very difficult to be managed pharmacologically. The common explanation of a localization of demyelinating plaques in areas devoted to pain modulation and integration as a trigger for pain development seems now partially unsatisfactory, since pain is often manifested well before the clinical signs of the pathology and its severity does not correlate with disease progression. This review focuses on additional mechanisms which could be at the basis of pain development in multiple sclerosis, whose identification will help identifying new targets to design more effective analgesic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Ceruti
- Department of Pharmacological & Biomolecular Sciences – DiSFeB Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9-20133 Milan, Italy
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49
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Canine dorsal root ganglia satellite glial cells represent an exceptional cell population with astrocytic and oligodendrocytic properties. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13915. [PMID: 29066783 PMCID: PMC5654978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs can be used as a translational animal model to close the gap between basic discoveries in rodents and clinical trials in humans. The present study compared the species-specific properties of satellite glial cells (SGCs) of canine and murine dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in situ and in vitro using light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunostainings. The in situ expression of CNPase, GFAP, and glutamine synthetase (GS) has also been investigated in simian SGCs. In situ, most canine SGCs (>80%) expressed the neural progenitor cell markers nestin and Sox2. CNPase and GFAP were found in most canine and simian but not murine SGCs. GS was detected in 94% of simian and 71% of murine SGCs, whereas only 44% of canine SGCs expressed GS. In vitro, most canine (>84%) and murine (>96%) SGCs expressed CNPase, whereas GFAP expression was differentially affected by culture conditions and varied between 10% and 40%. However, GFAP expression was induced by bone morphogenetic protein 4 in SGCs of both species. Interestingly, canine SGCs also stimulated neurite formation of DRG neurons. These findings indicate that SGCs represent an exceptional, intermediate glial cell population with phenotypical characteristics of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes and might possess intrinsic regenerative capabilities in vivo.
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50
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Adães S, Almeida L, Potes CS, Ferreira AR, Castro-Lopes JM, Ferreira-Gomes J, Neto FL. Glial activation in the collagenase model of nociception associated with osteoarthritis. Mol Pain 2017; 13:1744806916688219. [PMID: 28326927 PMCID: PMC5302176 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916688219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental osteoarthritis entails neuropathic-like changes in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Since glial activation has emerged as a key player in nociception, being reported in numerous models of neuropathic pain, we aimed at evaluating if glial cell activation may also occur in the DRG and spinal cord of rats with osteoarthritis induced by intra-articular injection of collagenase. Methods Osteoarthritis was induced by two injections, separated by three days, of 500 U of type II collagenase into the knee joint of rats. Movement-induced nociception was evaluated by the Knee-Bend and CatWalk tests during the following six weeks. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in satellite glial cells of the DRG was assessed by immunofluorescence and Western Blot analysis; the pattern of GFAP and activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3) expression was also compared through double immunofluorescence analysis. GFAP expression in astrocytes and IBA-1 expression in microglia of the L3–L5 spinal cord segments was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot analysis. The effect of the intrathecal administration of fluorocitrate, an inhibitor of glial activation, on movement-induced nociception was evaluated six weeks after the first collagenase injection. Results GFAP expression in satellite glial cells of collagenase-injected animals was significantly increased six weeks after osteoarthritis induction. Double immunofluorescence showed GFAP upregulation in satellite glial cells surrounding ATF-3-positive neurons. In the spinal cord of collagenase-injected animals, an ipsilateral upregulation of GFAP and IBA-1 was also observed. The inhibition of glial activation with fluorocitrate decreased movement- and loading-induced nociception. Conclusion Collagenase-induced knee osteoarthritis leads to the development of nociception associated with movement of the affected joint and to the activation of glial cells in both the DRG and the spinal cord. Inhibition of glial cell activation by fluorocitrate decreases these osteoarthritis-associated nociceptive behaviours. These results suggest that glial cell activation may play a role in the development of chronic pain in this experimental model of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Adães
- 1 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,2 Morphysiology of the Somatosensory System Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,3 Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lígia Almeida
- 1 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,2 Morphysiology of the Somatosensory System Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,3 Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina S Potes
- 1 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,2 Morphysiology of the Somatosensory System Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,3 Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Ferreira
- 1 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José M Castro-Lopes
- 1 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,2 Morphysiology of the Somatosensory System Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,3 Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Ferreira-Gomes
- 1 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,2 Morphysiology of the Somatosensory System Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,3 Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fani L Neto
- 1 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,2 Morphysiology of the Somatosensory System Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,3 Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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