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Otani M, Kushida Y, Kuroda Y, Wakao S, Oguma Y, Sasaki K, Katahira S, Terai R, Ryoke R, Nonaka H, Kawashima R, Saiki Y, Dezawa M. New rat model of spinal cord infarction with long-lasting functional disabilities generated by intraspinal injection of endothelin-1. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024:svn-2023-002962. [PMID: 38906547 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current method for generating an animal model of spinal cord (SC) infarction is highly invasive and permits only short-term observation, typically limited to 28 days. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish a rat model characterised by long-term survival and enduring SC dysfunction by inducing selective ischaemic SC damage. METHODS In 8-week-old male Wistar rats, a convection-enhanced delivery technique was applied to selectively deliver endothelin-1 (ET-1) to the anterior horn of the SC at the Th13 level, leading to SC infarction. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor score was assessed for 56 days. The SC was examined by a laser tissue blood flowmeter, MRI, immunohistochemistry, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, Western blots and TUNEL staining. RESULTS The puncture method was used to bilaterally inject 0.7 µL ET-1 (2.5 mg/mL) from the lateral SC into the anterior horns (40° angle, 1.5 mm depth) near the posterior root origin. Animals survived until day 56 and the BBB score was stably maintained (5.5±1.0 at day 14 and 6.2±1.0 at day 56). Rats with BBB scores ≤1 on day 1 showed stable scores of 5-6 after day 14 until day 56 while rats with BBB scores >1 on day 1 exhibited only minor dysfunction with BBB scores >12 after day 14. TTC staining, immunostaining and TUNEL staining revealed selective ischaemia and neuronal cell death in the anterior horn. T2-weighted MR images showed increasing signal intensity at the SC infarction site over time. Western blots revealed apoptosis and subsequent inflammation in SC tissue after ET-1 administration. CONCLUSIONS Selective delivery of ET-1 into the SC allows for more precise localisation of the infarcted area at the targeted site and generates a rat SC infarction model with stable neurological dysfunction lasting 56 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Otani
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kushida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kuroda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shohei Wakao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yo Oguma
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shintaro Katahira
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Terai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Rie Ryoke
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroi Nonaka
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Saiki
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mari Dezawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Yin F, Liu Z, Zhang D, Shen Z, Niu Z, Guo L. Identification of key genes involved in neural regeneration and the repairing effect of BDNF-overexpressed BMSCs on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114293. [PMID: 36736275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can repair spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII); however, only a few BMSCs are usually located in the injured spinal cord. Since the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can promote neural development and maturation, we hypothesised that BDNF-overexpressed BMSCs can ameliorate SCII more effectively than BMSCs alone. To determine the effect of BDNF overexpression on SCII repair, BDNF-overexpressed BMSCs and BMSCs were transplanted into SCII rats. Our results revealed that BDNF-overexpressed BMSCs can better promote the recovery of damaged spinal cords than BMSCs alone. Gene chip detection of spinal cord tissues showed 803 differentially expressed genes in all groups. BTG anti-proliferation factor 2 (Btg2), FOS like 2 (Fosl2), early growth response protein 1 (Egr1), and serpin family E member 1 (Serpine1) were identified as key interrelated genes based on their expression trends, as validated via quantitative PCR and protein-protein interaction network analysis. A co-expression network was constructed to further explore the role of the candidate key genes using Pearson correlation analysis. Cluster 5 was identified as the key cluster using community discovery algorithms. Functional analysis of Cluster 5 genes revealed that this cluster was mainly involved in the stress-activated MAPK cascade, p38MAPK cascade, and apoptosis. Notably, Egr1 may play an important role in SCII repair as the top hub gene in Cluster 5. Therefore, the repair activity of transplanted BDNF-overexpressed BMSCs in SCII rats is better than that of BMSCs alone, which may be regulated by the interactions between Btg2, Fosl2, Egr1, Serpine1, and BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Zhubin Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Zefeng Niu
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, NO.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Su QS, Zhuang DL, Nasser MI, Sai X, Deng G, Li G, Zhu P. Stem Cell Therapies for Restorative Treatments of Central Nervous System Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:491-510. [PMID: 35129759 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is a catastrophic postoperative complication of aortic occlusion subsequent to cardiovascular surgery that can cause brain impairment and sometimes even paraplegia. Over recent years, numerous studies have investigated techniques for protecting and revascularizing the nervous system during intraoperative ischemia; however, owing to a lack of knowledge of the physiological distinctions between the brain and spinal cord, as well as the limited availability of testing techniques and treatments for ischemia-reperfusion injury, the cause of brain and spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury remains poorly understood, and no adequate response steps are currently available in the clinic. Given the limited ability of the CNS to repair itself, it is of great clinical value to make full use of the proliferative and differentiation potential of stem cells to repair nerves in degenerated and necrotic regions by stem cell transplantation or mobilization, thereby introducing a novel concept for the treatment of severe CNS ischemia-reperfusion injury. This review summarizes the most recent advances in stem cell therapy for ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain and spinal cord, aiming to advance basic research and the clinical use of stem cell therapy as a promising treatment for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Song Su
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Lin Zhuang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China.,College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiyalatu Sai
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao City, 028000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ge Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China. .,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China. .,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China. .,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao City, 028000, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Lu X, Lv C, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Ji C, Wang Z, Ye W, Yu S, Bai J, Cai W. TSG-6 released from adipose stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicle protects against spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:291. [PMID: 35831906 PMCID: PMC9281104 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury (SCIRI) is a complication of aortic aneurysm repair or spinal cord surgery that is associated with permanent neurological deficits. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been shown to be potential therapeutic options for improving motor functions after SCIRI. Due to their easy access and multi-directional differentiation potential, adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) are preferable for this application. However, the effects of ADSC-derived sEVs (ADSC-sEVs) on SCIRI have not been reported. Results We found that ADSC-sEVs inhibited SCIRI-induced neuronal apoptosis, degradation of tight junction proteins and suppressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, in the presence of the ER stress inducer, tunicamycin, its anti-apoptotic and blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) protective effects were significantly reversed. We found that ADSC-sEVs contain tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) whose overexpression inhibited ER stress in vivo by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusions ADSC-sEVs inhibit neuronal apoptosis and BSCB disruption in SCIRI by transmitting TSG-6, which suppresses ER stress by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02963-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Dongtai Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Dongtai City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengtang Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedic, PLA Navy No.905 Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Haining, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyue Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhuanghui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wu Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shunzhi Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianling Bai
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Zawadzka M, Kwaśniewska A, Miazga K, Sławińska U. Perspectives in the Cell-Based Therapies of Various Aspects of the Spinal Cord Injury-Associated Pathologies: Lessons from the Animal Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112995. [PMID: 34831217 PMCID: PMC8616284 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury of the spinal cord (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition often leading to severe dysfunctions, therefore an improvement in clinical treatment for SCI patients is urgently needed. The potential benefits of transplantation of various cell types into the injured spinal cord have been intensively investigated in preclinical SCI models and clinical trials. Despite the many challenges that are still ahead, cell transplantation alone or in combination with other factors, such as artificial matrices, seems to be the most promising perspective. Here, we reviewed recent advances in cell-based experimental strategies supporting or restoring the function of the injured spinal cord with a particular focus on the regenerative mechanisms that could define their clinical translation.
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Nakai H, Fujita Y, Masuda S, Komatsu M, Tani A, Okita Y, Okada K, Kawamoto A. Intravenous injection of adult human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells attenuates spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in a murine aortic arch crossclamping model. JTCVS OPEN 2021; 7:23-40. [PMID: 36003746 PMCID: PMC9390396 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the efficacy of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (hBM-MSC) in a murine spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (SCIR) model. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were subjected to SCIR by crossclamping the aortic arch and left subclavian artery for 5.5 minutes. Two hours after reperfusion, hBM-MSCs (hBM-MSC group) or phosphate-buffered saline (control group) were intravenously injected without immunosuppressant. Hindlimb motor function was assessed until day 28 after reperfusion using the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS). The lumbar spinal cord was harvested at hour 24 and day 28, and the histologic number of NeuN-positive motor neurons in 3 cross-sections of each lumbar spinal cord and the gene expression were evaluated. RESULTS BMS score was 0 throughout the study period in all control mice. BMS score was significantly greater in the hBM-MSC group than the control group from hour 8 (P < .05) to day 28 (P < .01). The numbers of motor neurons at hour 24 (P < .01) and day 28 (P < .05) were significantly preserved in the hBM-MSC group than the control group. mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly lower (P < .05), and those of insulin-like growth factor-1 (P < .01) and proangiogenic factors (P < .05) were significantly greater in the hBM-MSC group than the control group at hour 24. CONCLUSIONS hBM-MSC therapy may attenuate SCIR injury by preserving motor neurons, at least in part, through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of proangiogenic factors in the reperfusion-injured spinal cord.
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Key Words
- BM, bone marrow
- BMS, Basso Mouse Scale
- EV, extracellular vesicle
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- LSA, left subclavian artery
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- SCI, spinal cord ischemia
- SCIR, spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion
- hBM-MSC, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cell
- human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- paraplegia
- spinal cord ischemia
- spinal cord reperfusion injury
- thoracic aortic surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Nakai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoru Masuda
- Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miki Komatsu
- Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tani
- Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okita
- Cardiovascular Center, Takatsuki General Hospital, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Kawamoto
- Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
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7
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Zheng W, Liu B, Shi E. Perillaldehyde Alleviates Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Via Activating the Nrf2 Pathway. J Surg Res 2021; 268:308-317. [PMID: 34399353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal Cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII) is one of the most destructive complications in thoracic-abdominal aortic surgery, which can cause physical abnormalities, paralysis and even brain death. Evidence has shown that perillaldehyde (PAH) can ameliorate rat's cerebra ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the effect of PAH on SCII remains unknown. METHODS The current study established SCII rat models and oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced BV2 microglia models to explore whether PAH could alleviate SCII symptoms and to investigate underlying mechanism. RESULTS SCII rats underwent severe neurologic motor dysfunction and histopathologic injury compared with the normal rats, which are exhibited by loss of motor neurons and decrease of nissl bodies. Treatment with PAH significantly ameliorated motor dysfunction and neuron damage. PAH downregulated the expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, cleaved/pro caspase-1, interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 in spinal cord tissues of SCII rats. Besides, the contents of oxidative stress-related factors superoxide dismutase, manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased and malondialdehyde content was decreased after PAH treatment. PAH treatment upregulated the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 in spinal cord tissues of SCII rats. Our in vitro study confirmed that PAH inhibited microglial activation by activating the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway, exhibited by alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates that PAH has the potential value for treating SCII, which provides an experimental basis for clinical trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Enyi Shi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Fang H, Li HF, Pan Q, Jin HL, Yang M, Wang RR, Wang QY, Zhang JP. MiR-132-3p Modulates MEKK3-Dependent NF-κB and p38/JNK Signaling Pathways to Alleviate Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Hindering M1 Polarization of Macrophages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:570451. [PMID: 33644040 PMCID: PMC7905026 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.570451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (SCIR) injury is a serious complication of open surgical and endovascular aortic procedures. MicroRNA-132-3p (miR-132-3p) has been reported to be involved in the progression of various diseases, but its role in SCIR injury is unclear. Thus, we aimed in this study to investigate the mechanism of miR-132-3p in SCIR injury and explore its pathway as a therapeutic target for SCIR injury. We first constructed a SCIR injury rat model and documented motor function in the model. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPC)R and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of miR-132-3p and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3) in SCIR injury rats. The interaction between miR-132-3p and MEKK3 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Then, the effects of miR-132-3p and MEKK3 on macrophage M1 polarization were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by altering their expression in macrophages of SCIR injury rats, with treatments altering the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 signaling pathways using SP600125, SB203580, or PDTC. The SCIR injury rats had a high Tarlov score and low miR-132-3p expression along with high MEKK3 expression. miR-132-3p could directly bind to MEKK3, and that macrophage M1 polarization and inflammation could be inhibited by overexpression of miR-132-3p through downregulating MEKK3 and inactivating the NF-κB and p38/JNK signaling pathways. Besides, increased miR-132-3p expression could decrease the injured rat Tarlov score. Overall, our study demonstrated that miR-132-3p can suppress M1 polarization of macrophages and alleviate SCIR injury by blocking the MEKK3-dependent activation of the NF-κB and p38/JNK signaling pathway. Thus, miR-132-3p and its downstream pathways may be useful targets to alleviate the symptoms of SCIR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua-Feng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Hon-Ling Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Ru-Rong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan-Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, China
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9
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Intravenous delivery of mesenchymal stem cells protects both white and gray matter in spinal cord ischemia. Brain Res 2020; 1747:147040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Im GB, Jung E, Kim YH, Kim YJ, Kim SW, Jeong GJ, Lee TJ, Kim DI, Kim J, Hyeon T, Yu T, Bhang SH. Endosome-triggered ion-releasing nanoparticles as therapeutics to enhance the angiogenic efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Control Release 2020; 324:586-597. [PMID: 32454119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report that Fe ions delivered into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by bioreducible metal nanoparticles (NPs) enhance their angiogenic and cell-homing efficacy by controlling ion-triggered intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve cell migration, while reducing cytotoxicity. Endosome-triggered iron-ion-releasing nanoparticles (ETIN) were designed to be low-pH responsive to take advantage of the low-pH conditions (4-5) of endosomes for in situ iron-ion release. Due to the different redox potentials of Fe and Au, only Fe could be ionized and released from our novel ETIN, while Au remained intact after ETIN endocytosis. Treatment with an optimal amount of ETIN led to a mild increase in intracellular ROS levels in hMSCs, which enhanced the expression of HIF-1α, a key trigger for angiogenic growth factor secretion from hMSCs. Treatmetn of hMSCs with ETIN significantly enhanced the expression of angiogenesis- and lesion-targeting-related genes and proteins. Transplantation of ETIN-treated hMSCs significantly enhanced angiogenesis and tissue regeneration in a wound-closing mouse model compared with those in untreated mice and mice that underwent conventional hMSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Bum Im
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Euiyoung Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Jae Jeong
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Division of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ik Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinheung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyung Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Nguyen HV, Faivre V. Targeted drug delivery therapies inspired by natural taxes. J Control Release 2020; 322:439-456. [PMID: 32259545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A taxis is the movement responding to a stimulus of an organism. This behavior helps organisms to migrate, to find food or to avoid dangers. By mimicking and using natural taxes, many bio-inspired and bio-hybrid drug delivery systems have been synthesized. Under the guidance of physical and chemical stimuli, drug-loaded carriers are led to a target, for example tumors, then locally release the drug, inducing a therapeutic effect without influencing other parts of the body. On the other hand, for moving targets, for example metastasis cancer cells or bacteria, taking advantage of their taxes behavior is a solution to capture and to eliminate them. For instance, several traps and ecological niches have been fabricated to attract cancer cells by releasing chemokines. Cancer cells are then eliminated by drug loaded inside the trap, by radiotherapy focusing on the trap location or by simply removing the trap. Further research is needed to deeply understand the taxis behavior of organisms, which is essential to ameliorate the performance of taxes-inspired drug delivery application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V Nguyen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vincent Faivre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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12
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Regionally infused lidocaine can dose-dependently protect the ischemic spinal cord in rabbits and may be associated with the EAA changes. Neurosci Lett 2020; 725:134889. [PMID: 32147499 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In our previous study, we found that lidocaine, infused through the abdominal aorta, could protect the spinal cord against the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury caused by aortic occlusion. However, whether lidocaine protective effects have dose-dependent properties and its underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate whether regionally infused lidocaine could dose-dependently protect spinal cord against I/R injury in rabbits and its underlying mechanism. METHODS 46 New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into six groups: Group NS (normal saline control); Group L10 (lidocaine 10 mg/kg); Group L20 (lidocaine 20 mg/kg); Group L40 (lidocaine 40 mg/kg); Group L80 (lidocaine 80 mg/kg) and Group Sham. In Group NS, Group L10, Group L20, Group L40 and Group L80, spinal cord ischemia was induced by infrarenal aortic occlusion for 30 min. The sham group did not receive spinal cord ischemia. During the occlusion, normal saline or lidocaine at different doses was infused continuously through a catheter into the clamped abdominal aorta respectively. Neurologic behavior functions were assessed according to the Tarlov scale system at the moments of 0, 6, 24 and 48 h after reperfusion. The neural injuries were evaluated by the histological examination and the count of normal α-motor neurons in the ventral horn. The levels of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) in the spinal cord, including glutamate (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp), were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. RESULTS The Tarlov scales in the Group L20 and the Group L40 were significantly higher than those in the Group NS at 24 and 48 h after reperfusion (P < 0.05). 12.5 % animals in Group L40 and 25 % animals in Group L20 were paraplegic versus 75 % animals in Group NS at 48 h after reperfusion (P < 0.05). The median of normal α-motor neurons in the L20, L40 and L80 groups was 7.5, 9 and 5 respectively which was significantly higher than in the NS group (count 0, P < 0.05). The levels of L-ASP and L-Glu remarkably decreased in the Group L10 and the Group L40 compared to Group NS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data revealed that regional administration of lidocaine through the abdominal aorta can provide dose-dependent protection on spinal cord I/R in rabbits. Inhibition of EAA release may be one of the underlying mechanisms.
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13
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Zhao Y, Yan J, Li AP, Zhang ZL, Li ZR, Guo KJ, Zhao KC, Ruan Q, Guo L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could reduce the toxic effects of hexavalent chromium on the liver by decreasing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway in rats. Toxicol Lett 2019; 310:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Yin F, Yan J, Zhao Y, Guo KJ, Zhang ZL, Li AP, Meng CY, Guo L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repair Cr (VI)- injured kidney by regulating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and mitophagy mediated via the MAPK signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:234-241. [PMID: 30939403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the repair effect and mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation on injured kidneys caused by hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)). Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.4 mg/kg•bw Cr (VI) ion solution. After 30 days, 1 × 107 BMSCs were transplanted into rats. After cell transplantation for 2 weeks, there was no significant difference in the chromium content between the model and BMSCs-therapy group by atomic absorption spectrometry. In BMSCs-therapy group, the renal organ index, the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE), malonaldehyde (MDA) content were significantly decreased, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly elevated, and the pathological changes were improved compared with the model group. The results of immunohistochemical and western blot assays showed that the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Cytochrome c, and Caspase-3, as well as autophagy-associated proteins Beclin 1, PINK1, Parkin, p-Parkin, LC3B, and the MAPK signaling pathway, including the ratio of p-p38 to p38 and p-JNK to JNK were all significantly decreased, Bcl-2 and p62 expressions, and the ratio of p-ERK to ERK were significantly elevated in BMSCs-therapy group compared with the model group. These results suggested that BMSCs repaired Cr (VI)-injured kidney through decreasing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and mitophagy mediated by downregulating phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, upregulating phosphorylation of ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Ke-Jun Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - An-Pei Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Chun-Yang Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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15
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The mesenchymal stem cell secretome: A new paradigm towards cell-free therapeutic mode in regenerative medicine. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:1-9. [PMID: 30954374 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been shown to be a promising candidate for cell-based therapy. The therapeutic potential of MSCs, towards tissue repair and wound healing is essentially based on their paracrine effects. Numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies of MSCs have yielded encouraging results. Further, these cells have been shown to be relatively safe for clinical applications. MSCs harvested from numerous anatomical locations including the bone marrow, adipose tissue, Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord etc., display similar immunophenotypic profiles. However, there is a large body of evidence showing that MSCs secrete a variety of biologically active molecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. Despite the similarity in their immunophenotype, the secretome of MSCs appears to vary significantly, depending on the age of the host and niches where the cells reside. Thus, by implication, proteomics-based profiling suggests that the therapeutic potential of the different MSC populations must also be different. Analysis of the secretome points to its influence on varied biological processes such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tissue repair, immunomodulation, wound healing, anti-fibrotic and anti-tumour for tissue maintenance and regeneration. Though MSC based therapy has been shown to be relatively safe, from a clinical standpoint, the use of cell-free infusions can altogether circumvent the administration of viable cells for therapy. Understanding the secretome of in vitro cultured MSC populations, by the analysis of the corresponding conditioned medium, will enable us to evaluate its utility as a new therapeutic option. This review will focus on the accumulating evidence that points to the therapeutic potential of the conditioned medium, both from pre-clinical and clinical studies. Finally, this review will emphasize the importance of profiling the conditioned medium for assessing its potential for cell-free therapy therapy.
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16
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Chen G, Liang Y, Chen F, Wang H, Zhu G. The effect of lithium chloride on the motor function of spinal cord injury–controlled rat and the relevant mechanism. EUR J INFLAMM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739219852855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to discuss the effect and mechanism of lithium chloride on the rehabilitation of locomotion post spinal cord injury (SCI) by observing the effect of lithium chloride on the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) pathway. In total, 36 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group (n = 12), model group (n = 12), and lithium chloride group (n = 12). The sham operation group underwent laminectomy, while for the model group and the lithium chloride group with the NYU spinal cord impactor the SCI model was established. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to evaluate locomotion after administration for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, and the tissues were gathered for Nissl staining, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. With a statistical difference ( P < 0.05) on the 3rd day and significant difference ( P < 0.01) on the 5th day post administration, a higher BBB score was observed in the lithium chloride group indicating that lithium chloride improved the locomotion function after SCI. A better structure and morphology of neuron were observed by Nissl staining in the lithium chloride group. Lithium chloride promoted BDNF secretion from neurons in the spinal cord anterior horn with a significant difference compared to the model group ( P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, lithium chloride significantly promoted the expression of BDNF protein and phosphorylated TrkB protein ( P < 0.05), but no difference in the expression of TrkB was detected. Lithium chloride can alleviate the locomotion function after SCI with a mechanism that it can promote BDNF secretion from neurons in the spinal cord anterior horn and phosphorylation of TrkB to upregulate the BDNF/TrkB pathway supporting survival of neurons and regeneration and remyelination of axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yimin Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Fanghu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Guoming Zhu
- The Third Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang University Mingzhou Hospital, Ningbo, China
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17
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Park HW, Oh S, Lee KH, Lee BH, Chang MS. Olig2-expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Functional Recovery after Contusive Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Stem Cells 2018; 11:177-186. [PMID: 30408408 PMCID: PMC6285288 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Glial scarring and inflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI) interfere with neural regeneration and functional recovery due to the inhibitory microenvironment of the injured spinal cord. Stem cell transplantation can improve functional recovery in experimental models of SCI, but many obstacles to clinical application remain due to concerns regarding the effectiveness and safety of stem cell transplantation for SCI patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) that were genetically modified to express Olig2 in a rat model of SCI. Methods Bone marrow-derived hMSCs were genetically modified to express Olig2 and transplanted one week after the induction of contusive SCI in a rat model. Spinal cords were harvested 7 weeks after transplantation. Results Transplantation of Olig2-expressing hMSCs significantly improved functional recovery in a rat model of contusive SCI model compared to the control hMSC-transplanted group. Transplantation of Olig2-expressing hMSCs also attenuated glial scar formation in spinal cord lesions. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that transplanted Olig2-expressing hMSCs were partially differentiated into Olig1-positive oligodendrocyte-like cells in spinal cords. Furthermore, NF-M-positive axons were more abundant in the Olig2-expressing hMSC-transplanted group than in the control hMSC-transplanted group. Conclusions We suggest that Olig2-expressing hMSCs are a safe and optimal cell source for treating SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Woo Park
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute & School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Cell Biology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soonyi Oh
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute & School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Chang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute & School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy Improves Lower Limb Movement After Spinal Cord Ischemia in Rats. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 105:1523-1530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Kong T, Park JM, Jang JH, Kim CY, Bae SH, Choi Y, Jeong YH, Kim C, Chang SW, Kim J, Moon J. Immunomodulatory effect of CD200-positive human placenta-derived stem cells in the early phase of stroke. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e425. [PMID: 29328072 PMCID: PMC5799796 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human placenta amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) regulate immune responses, and this property can be exploited to treat stroke patients via cell therapy. We investigated the expression profile of AMSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions and observed interesting expression changes in various genes involved in immune regulation. CD200, an anti-inflammatory factor and positive regulator of TGF-β, was more highly expressed under hypoxic conditions than normoxic conditions. Furthermore, AMSCs exhibited inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in co-cultures with LPS-primed BV2 microglia, and this effect was decreased in CD200-silenced AMSCs. The AMSCs transplanted into the ischemic rat model of stroke dramatically inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulated CD200, as compared with the levels in the sham-treated group. Moreover, decreased microglia activation in the boundary region and improvements in behavior were confirmed in AMSC-treated ischemic rats. The results suggested that the highly expressed CD200 from the AMSCs in a hypoxic environment modulates levels of inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation, thus increasing the therapeutic recovery potential after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, and further demonstrated the immunomodulatory function of AMSCs in a stroke model.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaeHo Kong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,General Research Institute, Bundang CHA general Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Ji-Min Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,General Research Institute, Bundang CHA general Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Ji Hyon Jang
- Department of OB. & GYN., Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Bundang, Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,General Research Institute, Bundang CHA general Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yun-Hwa Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,General Research Institute, Bundang CHA general Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Chul Kim
- General Research Institute, Bundang CHA general Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Sung Woon Chang
- Department of OB. & GYN., Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Bundang, Korea
| | - Joopyung Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bundang CHA hospital, CHA university school of medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Jisook Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,General Research Institute, Bundang CHA general Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
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20
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Pang L, Zhang C, Qin J, Han L, Li R, Hong C, He H, Wang J. A novel strategy to achieve effective drug delivery: exploit cells as carrier combined with nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:83-91. [PMID: 28155538 PMCID: PMC8241159 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1230903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated drug delivery systems employ specific cells as drug vehicles to deliver drugs to targeted sites. Therapeutics or imaging agents are loaded into these cells and then released in diseased sites. These specific cells mainly include red blood cells, leukocytes, stem cells and so on. The cell acts as a Trojan horse to transfer the drug from circulating blood to the diseased tissue. In such a system, these cells keep their original properties, which allow them to mimic the migration behavior of specific cells to carry drug to the targeted site after in vivo administration. This strategy elegantly combines the advantages of both carriers, i.e. the adjustability of nanoparticles (NPs) and the natural functions of active cells, which therefore provides a new perspective to challenge current obstacles in drug delivery. This review will describe a fundamental understanding of these cell-based drug delivery systems, and discuss the great potential of combinational application of cell carrier and NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and
| | - Chun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and
| | - Jing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and
| | - Limei Han
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and
| | - Chao Hong
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and
| | - Huining He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and
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21
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Shen Z, Li X, Bao X, Wang R. Microglia-targeted stem cell therapies for Alzheimer disease: A preclinical data review. J Neurosci Res 2017. [PMID: 28643422 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a severe, life-threatening illness characterized by gradual memory loss. The classic histological features of AD include extracellular formation of β-amyloid plaques (Aβ), intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and synaptic loss. Recently, accumulated evidence has confirmed the critical role of microglia in the development and exacerbation of AD. When Aβ forms deposits, microglia quickly respond to restore brain physiology by activating a series of repair mechanisms. However, prolonged microglial activation is considered detrimental and may aggravate AD progression. To date, there are no curative therapies for AD. The advent of stem cell transplantation offers novel strategies to treat AD in animal models. Furthermore, studies have reported that transplanted stem cells might ameliorate AD symptoms by regulating microglial functions, from detrimental to protective. This review focuses on the crucial functions of microglia in AD and examines the reactions of microglia to transplanted stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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Wang YJ, Yan J, Zou XL, Guo KJ, Zhao Y, Meng CY, Yin F, Guo L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repair cadmium-induced rat testis injury by inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 271:39-47. [PMID: 28457857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly toxic metal with widespread exposure to people that can cause tissue injuries that lack effective treatment. The aim of this project was to uncover whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can repair cadmium-induced rat testis injury and to explore the role of mitochondrial apoptosis in this process. To this end, 21 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, model and therapy groups, 7 each, and were administered 0, 0.4 and 0.4 mg/kg body weight CdCl2 saline solution, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection 5 times per week for 5 weeks. Then, rats in the therapy group were treated with 107 BMSCs by retro-orbital injections, while the others were given equal volumes of phosphate buffered saline. Following 2-week BMSCs-treatment, the therapy rats were heavier than the model rats, despite there being no difference in testicular cadmium contents between these groups, which were both significantly higher than the control group. BMSCs were observed in the testis of the therapy rats, in which pathological changes improved significantly compared with the model group. Expression of the apoptosis-associated proteins Bim, Bax, Cytochrome C, Caspase-3, active-Caspase-3 and AIF increased, while Bcl-2 was reduced significantly in rat testes of model group compared with the other groups. Based on these findings, we conclude that cadmium can accumulate in rat testes where it caused severe tissue injury, BMSCs can be localized to the injured testicular tissue of rats and repair the tissue injury, these reparative effects may be highly related with mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke-Jun Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Yang Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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23
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Razavi S, Ghasemi N, Mardani M, Salehi H. Remyelination improvement after neurotrophic factors secreting cells transplantation in rat spinal cord injury. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:392-398. [PMID: 28804608 PMCID: PMC5425921 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurotrophic factors secreting cells (NTS-SCs) may be a superior cell source for cell-based therapy in neurodegenerative diseases. NTS-SCs are able to secrete some neurotrophic Such as nerve growth factor and glia-derived neurotrophic factor. Our primary aim was to assess transplantation of neurotrophic factor secreting cells derived from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) into the damaged spinal cord rats and determine the potential of these cells in remyelination. MATERIALS AND METHODS To this end, 40 adult male Wistar rats were categorized into four groups including; control, lysolecithin (Lysophosphatidylcholines or LPC), vehicle, and NTS-SCs transplan-tation. Local demyelination was induced using LPC injection into the lateral column of spinal cord. Seven days after the lysolecithin lesion, the cells transplantation was performed. The ultrastructure of myelinated fibers was examined with a transmission electron microscope to determine the extent of myelin destruction and remyelinization 4 weeks post cell transplantation. Moreover, the presence of oligodendrocyte in the lesion of spinal cord was assessed by immunohistochemistry procedure. RESULTS The results of current study indicated that in NTF-SCs transplantation group, the remyelination process and the mean of myelin sheath thickness as well as axonal diameters were significantly higher than other groups (P<0.001). Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that in NTF-SCs transplantation group more than 10 percent of transplanted cells were positive for specific markers of oligodendrocyte cells. CONCLUSION NTF-SCs transplantation represents a valuable option for cell-based therapy in the nervous tissue damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazem Ghasemi
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mardani
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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[Effects of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells transplantation via lateral ventricle on the neural apoptosis and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016. [PMID: 27655545 PMCID: PMC7389963 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCBMC) transplantation on the neuronal apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). METHODS Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were randomly divided into normal control (N)+normal saline (NS), HIBD+NS, N+UCBMC, and HIBD+UCBMC groups. HIBD model was prepared using the classical Rice-Vannucci method. Twenty-four hours after HIBD, UCBMC were transplanted in the N+UCBMC and HIBD+UCBMC groups. Seven days after transplantation, NeuN/Cleaved-Caspase-3 double immunofluorescence staining and TUNEL methods were used to observe neural apoptosis in the cortex. The expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins were examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS There were more NeuN+ cleaved Caspase-3+DAPI+ and TUNEL+DAPI+ cells in the HIBD+NS group compared with the N+NS and N+UCBMC groups (P<0.01). There were less NeuN+ cleaved Caspase-3+DAPI+ and TUNEL+DAPI+ cells in the HIBD+UCBMC group compared with the HIBD+NS group (P<0.01). The concentration of Bax protein was higher and that of Bcl-2 proteins was lower in the HIBD+NS group compared with the N+NS and N+UCBMC groups (P<0.01). The concentration of Bax protein in HIBD+UCBMC group was lower than that in the HIBD+NS group (P<0.01). The concentration of Bcl-2 protein was higher compared with the HIBD+NS, N+NS and N+UCBMC groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS UCBMC transplantation via lateral ventricle can upregulate the expression of Bcl-2 protein and down-regulate the expression of Bax protein, thus alleviating brain neural apoptosis in neonatal rats with HIBD.
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Wang GH, Liu Y, Wu XB, Lu Y, Liu J, Qin YR, Li T, Duan HF. Neuroprotective effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells combined with nimodipine against radiation-induced brain injury through inhibition of apoptosis. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:53-64. [PMID: 26719199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess the ability to repair brain injuries. Additionally, nimodipine is a neuroprotective agent that increases cerebral blood flow and may help with the homing of MSCs to the injury site. Here we investigate the effectiveness of a combined human umbilical cord-derived MSCs and nimodipine therapy in radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI). METHODS Female mice received whole brain irradiation (WBI) and were treated with saline, nimodipine, hUC-MSCs, or hUC-MSCs combined with nimodipine. Body weight was measured weekly. An open field test for locomotor activity and a step-down avoidance test for learning and memory function were conducted at week 4 and week 12 post-WBI. The histological damage was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect apoptosis-related mediators (p53, Bax and Bcl-2). RESULTS In mice receiving the hUC-MSCs or the combined treatment, their body weight recovered, their locomotor and cognitive ability improved, and the percentage of necrotic neurons and astrocytes was reduced. The combined therapy was significantly (P < 0.05) more effective than hUC-MSCs alone; these mice showed decreased expression of pro-apoptotic indicators (p53, Bax) and increased expression of an anti-apoptotic indicator (Bcl-2), which may protect brain cells. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that hUC-MSCs therapy helps recover body weight loss and behavior dysfunction in a mice model of RIBI. Moreover, the effectiveness of the combined hUC-MSCs and nimodipine therapy is due to apoptosis inhibition and enhancing homing of MSCs to the injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lu
- No. 307 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ru Qin
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Hai-Feng Duan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Gökce EC, Kahveci R, Gökce A, Cemil B, Aksoy N, Sargon MF, Kısa Ü, Erdoğan B, Güvenç Y, Alagöz F, Kahveci O. Neuroprotective effects of thymoquinone against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. J Neurosurg Spine 2016; 24:949-59. [DOI: 10.3171/2015.10.spine15612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the spinal cord following thoracoabdominal aortic surgery remains the most devastating complication, with a life-changing impact on the patient. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main constituent of the volatile oil from Nigella sativa seeds, is reported to possess strong antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. This study investigated the effects of TQ administration following I/R injury to the spinal cord.
METHODS
Thirty-two rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups. Group 1 underwent only laparotomy. For Group 2, aortic clip occlusion was introduced to produce I/R injury. Group 3 was given 30 mg/kg of methylprednisolone intraperitoneally immediately after the I/R injury. Group 4 was given 10 mg/kg of TQ intraperitoneally for 7 days before induction of spinal cord I/R injury, and administration was continued until the animal was euthanized. Locomotor function (Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale and inclined plane test) was assessed at 24 hours postischemia. Spinal cord tissue samples were harvested to analyze tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor–α, interleukin-1, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-peroxidase, catalase, and caspase-3. In addition, histological and ultrastructural evaluations were performed.
RESULTS
Thymoquinone treatment improved neurological outcome, which was supported by decreased levels of oxidative products (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide) and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor–α and interleukin-1), increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione-peroxidase, and catalase), as well as reduction of motor neuron apoptosis. Light microscopy and electron microscopy results also showed preservation of tissue structure in the treatment group.
CONCLUSIONS
As shown by functional, biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural analysis, TQ exhibits an important protective effect against I/R injury of the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Cemal Gökce
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Ramazan Kahveci
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health, Çanakkale State Hospital, Çanakkale
| | - Aysun Gökce
- 3Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital
| | - Berker Cemil
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Nurkan Aksoy
- 4Department of Biochemistry, Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale; and
| | | | - Üçler Kısa
- 4Department of Biochemistry, Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale; and
| | - Bülent Erdoğan
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yahya Güvenç
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health, Ankara Sincan State Hospital; and
| | - Fatih Alagöz
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara
| | - Ozan Kahveci
- 8Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Liu D, Jiang T, Cai W, Chen J, Zhang H, Hietala S, Santos HA, Yin G, Fan J. An In Situ Gelling Drug Delivery System for Improved Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1513-21. [PMID: 27113454 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies for the spinal cord injury (SCI) are limited by the current available drug delivery techniques. Here, an in situ gelling drug delivery system (DDS), composed of a Poloxamer-407, a 188 mixture-based thermoresponsive hydrogel matrix and, an incorporated therapeutic compound (monosialoganglioside, GM1), is developed for SCI therapy. A low-thoracic hemisection in rats is used as SCI model to evaluate therapeutic efficiency. The GM1-incorporating Poloxamer-407 and 188 polymer solution is converted to a hydrogel (GM1-hydrogel) upon instillation to the injured spinal cord, due to the increased temperature. At body temperature, the thermoresponsive hydrogel prolongs the release of GM1 for about 1 month, due to the superposition of dissolution and swelling (anomalous transport) of the hydrogel matrix. The sustained release of the GM1-hydrogel enables the prolonged residence time of GM1 at the injured spinal cord, decreases the frequency of administration and, consequently, may improve patient compliance. After SCI, the administration of GM1-hydrogel to the lesion site inhibits the apoptotic cell death and glial scar formation, enhances the neuron regeneration, provides neuroprotection to the injured spinal cord, and improves the locomotor recovery. Overall, this study opens future perspectives for the treatment of SCI with a prolonged drug release DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfei Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki FI‐00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki FI‐00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki FI‐00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki FI‐00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu 210029 China
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Cemil B, Gokce EC, Kahveci R, Gokce A, Aksoy N, Sargon MF, Erdogan B, Kosem B. Aged Garlic Extract Attenuates Neuronal Injury in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Med Food 2016; 19:601-6. [PMID: 27183321 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic has been used as a food as well as a component of traditional medicine. Aged garlic extract (AGE) is claimed to promote human health through antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activities with neuroprotective effects. We evaluated the possible beneficial effect of AGE neurologically, pathologically, ultrastructurally, and biochemically in a spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model of rats. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham (no I/R), I/R, and AGE (I/R+AGE); each group consisted of eight animals. Animals were evaluated neurologically with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring system. The spinal cord tissue samples were harvested for pathological and ultrastructural examinations. Oxidative products (Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), inflammatory cytokines (tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1), and caspase-3 activity were analyzed. The AGE group had significantly higher BBB scores than the I/R group. Pathologically, AGE group revealed reduced degree of ischemia and spinal cord edema. Ultrastructural results also showed preservation of tissue structure in the AGE group. Oxidative product levels of the I/R group were significantly higher than both the other groups, and antioxidant enzyme levels of AGE group were significantly higher than the I/R group. There was also significant difference between the sham and AGE groups in terms of total antioxidant enzyme levels. Furthermore, AGE treatment significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokines and caspase-3 activity than the I/R group. This study demonstrates the considerable neuroprotective effect of AGE on the neurological, pathological, ultrastructural, and biochemical status of rats with I/R-induced spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berker Cemil
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Turgut Ozal University Faculty of Medicine , Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Cemal Gokce
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Turgut Ozal University Faculty of Medicine , Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Kahveci
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health Kirikkale Yuksek Ihtisas State Hospital , Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Aysun Gokce
- 3 Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurkan Aksoy
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University , Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Fevzi Sargon
- 5 Department of Anatomy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Erdogan
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Turgut Ozal University Faculty of Medicine , Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Kosem
- 6 Department of Anesthesiology, Turgut Ozal University Faculty of Medicine , Emek, Ankara, Turkey
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Gokce EC, Kahveci R, Gokce A, Sargon MF, Kisa U, Aksoy N, Cemil B, Erdogan B. Curcumin Attenuates Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Ultrastructural Damage Induced by Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:1196-1207. [PMID: 26935117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Curcumin is a molecule found in turmeric root that possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and has been widely used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated whether curcumin stimulates the neurorepair process and improves locomotor function in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS Thirty-two Wistar albino rats (190-220 g) were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 8 rats each: 1 sham-operated group and 3 ischemia-reperfusion injury groups that received intraperitoneal injections of saline vehicle, methylprednisolone (MP, 30 mg/kg following induction of ischemia-reperfusion [IR] injury), or curcumin (200 mg/kg for 7 days before induction of IR injury). Spinal cord IR injury was induced by occlusion of the abdominal aorta for 30 minutes. After 24 hours of reperfusion, locomotor function was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale. All animals were sacrificed. Spinal cord tissues were harvested to evaluate histopathological and ultrastructural alterations and to analyze levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, nitric oxide, and caspase-3, as well as enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. RESULTS Intraperitoneal administration of curcumin significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine expression, attenuated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, prevented apoptosis, and increased antioxidant defense mechanism activity in comparison to treatment with MP or saline. Histopathological and ultrastructural abnormalities were significantly reduced in curcumin-treated rats compared to the MP- and saline-treated groups. Furthermore, curcumin significantly improved locomotor function. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin treatment preserves neuronal viability against inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Cemal Gokce
- Department of Neurosurgery, Turgut Ozal University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ramazan Kahveci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health Kirikkale Yuksek Ihtisas State Hospital, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Aysun Gokce
- Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ucler Kisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kirikkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Nurkan Aksoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Kirikkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Berker Cemil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Turgut Ozal University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Erdogan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Turgut Ozal University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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A. Elawady M, M. Elmaghrabi M, Ebrahim N, A. Elawady M, Sabry D, Shamaa A, Ragaei A. Therapeutic Potential of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Modulating Astroglyosis of Surgical Induced Experimental Spinal Cord Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2016.76024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Protective Effects of UCF-101 on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion (CIR) is Depended on the MAPK/p38/ERK Signaling Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:907-914. [PMID: 26429193 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the treatment mechanisms of 5-[5-(2-nitrophenyl) furfuryliodine]-1,3-diphenyl-2-thiobarbituric acid (UCF-101) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) model rats. Total of 54 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups, namely sham group, vehicle group, and UCF-101 group. The CIR-injured model was established by right middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. Neurological function was assessed by an investigator according to the Longa neurologic deficit scores. Meanwhile, the cerebral tissue morphology and apoptotic neurons were evaluated by H&E and TUNEL staining, respectively. Additionally, the expressions of caspase 3, p-p38, and p-ERK were detected by immunohistochemistry or/and Western blotting assays. As results, neurologic deficit and pathological damage were obviously enhanced and TUNEL positive neurons were significantly increased in CIR-injured rats, as compared with those in sham group. Furthermore, the expressions of caspase 3, p-p38, and p-ERK were also significantly increased in vehicle group than those in sham group (P < 0.05). However, UCF-101 treatment could markedly weaken the neurologic deficit with lower scores and improve pathological condition. After UCF-101 treatment, TUNEL positive neurons as well as the expression of caspase 3 were significantly decreased than those in vehicle group (P < 0.05). Besides, p-p38 was decreased while p-ERK was increased in UCF-101 group than those in vehicle group (P < 0.05). Therefore, we concluded that the protective effects of UCF-101 might be associated with apoptosis process and MAPK signaling pathway in the CIR-injured model.
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Xia Y, Kong L, Yao Y, Jiao Y, Song J, Tao Z, You Z, Yang J. Osthole confers neuroprotection against cortical stab wound injury and attenuates secondary brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:155. [PMID: 26337552 PMCID: PMC4559066 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroendoscopy is an innovative technique for neurosurgery that can nonetheless result in traumatic brain injury. The accompanying neuroinflammation may lead to secondary tissue damage, which is the major cause of delayed neuronal death after surgery. The present study investigated the capacity of osthole to prevent secondary brain injury and the underlying mechanism of action in a mouse model of stab wound injury. Methods A mouse model of cortical stab wound injury was established by inserting a needle into the cerebral cortex for 20 min to mimic neuroendoscopy. Mice received an intraperitoneal injection of osthole 30 min after surgery and continued for 14 days. Neurological severity was evaluated 12 h and up to 21 days after the trauma. Brains were collected 3–21 days post-injury for histological analysis, immunocytochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results Neurological function improved in mice treated with osthole and was accompanied by reduced brain water content and accelerated wound closure relative to untreated mice. Osthole treatment reduced the number of macrophages/microglia and peripheral infiltrating of neutrophils and lowered the level of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α in the lesioned cortex. Osthole-treated mice had fewer TUNEL+ apoptotic neurons surrounding the lesion than controls, indicating increased neuronal survival. Conclusions Osthole reduced secondary brain damage by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis in a mouse model of stab wound injury. These results suggest a new strategy for promoting neuronal survival and function after neurosurgery to improve long-term patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Department of Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3LZ, UK.
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
| | - Yingjia Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
| | - Yanan Jiao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
| | - Jie Song
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
| | - Zhenyu Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
| | - Zhong You
- Department of Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3LZ, UK.
| | - Jingxian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
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The Cotransplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exerts Antiapoptotic Effects in Adult Rats after Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:516215. [PMID: 26294918 PMCID: PMC4532957 DOI: 10.1155/2015/516215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms behind the repairing effects of the cotransplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) with bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) have not been fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the cotransplantation of OECs with BMSCs on antiapoptotic effects in adult rats for which the models of SCI are induced. We examined the changes in body weight, histopathological changes, apoptosis, and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins after 14 days and 28 days after transplantation. We also assessed animal locomotion using BBB test. We found that treatment with OECs and BMSCs had a remissive effect on behavioral outcome and histopathological changes induced SCI. Furthermore, we observed the significant antiapoptotic effect on cotransplant treated group. In addition, cotransplantation of OECs with BMSCs was found to have more significant repairing effect than that of OECs or BMSCs alone. Furthermore, the recovery of hind limb could be related to antiapoptotic effect of OECs and BMSCs through downregulating the apoptotic pathways. Finally, our data suggested the cotransplantation of OECs with BMSCs holds promise for a potential cure after SCI through the ability to incorporate into the spinal cord.
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Huang W, Lv B, Zeng H, Shi D, Liu Y, Chen F, Li F, Liu X, Zhu R, Yu L, Jiang X. Paracrine Factors Secreted by MSCs Promote Astrocyte Survival Associated With GFAP Downregulation After Ischemic Stroke via p38 MAPK and JNK. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2461-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Huang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty; The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Bingke Lv
- The National Key Clinic Specialty; The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Huijun Zeng
- The National Key Clinic Specialty; The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Department of Anatomy; Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yi Liu
- The National Key Clinic Specialty; The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Fanfan Chen
- The National Key Clinic Specialty; The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Feng Li
- The National Key Clinic Specialty; The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Anatomy; Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Anatomy; Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Anatomy; Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty; The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
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35
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Xue F, Wu EJ, Zhang PX, Li-Ya A, Kou YH, Yin XF, Han N. Biodegradable chitin conduit tubulation combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treatment of spinal cord injury by reducing glial scar and cavity formation. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:104-11. [PMID: 25788929 PMCID: PMC4357092 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.150715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the restorative effect of modified biodegradable chitin conduits in combination with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation after right spinal cord hemisection injury. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that biological conduit sleeve bridging reduced glial scar formation and spinal muscular atrophy after spinal cord hemisection. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells survived and proliferated after transplantation in vivo, and differentiated into cells double-positive for S100 (Schwann cell marker) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (glial cell marker) at 8 weeks. Retrograde tracing showed that more nerve fibers had grown through the injured spinal cord at 14 weeks after combination therapy than either treatment alone. Our findings indicate that a biological conduit combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation effectively prevented scar formation and provided a favorable local microenvironment for the proliferation, migration and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the spinal cord, thus promoting restoration following spinal cord hemisection injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xue
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Er-Jun Wu
- Graduate School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Pei-Xun Zhang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - A Li-Ya
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hui Kou
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yin
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Han
- Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Stem cell-based interventions aim to use special regenerative cells (stem cells) to facilitate neuronal function beyond the site of the injury. Many studies involving animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI) suggest that certain stem cell-based therapies may restore function after SCI. Currently, in case of spinal cord injuries, new discoveries with clinical implications have been continuously made in basic stem cell research, and stem cell-based approaches are advancing rapidly toward application in patients. There is a huge base of preclinical evidence in vitro and in animal models which suggests the safety and clinical efficacy of cellular therapies after SCI. Despite this, data from clinical studies is not very encouraging and at times confounding. Here, we have attempted to cover preclinical and clinical evidence base dealing with safety, feasibility and efficacy of cell based interventions after SCI. The limitations of preclinical data and the reasons underlying its failure to translate in a clinical setting are also discussed. Based on the evidence base, it is suggested that a multifactorial approach is required to address this situation. Need for standardized, stringently designed multi-centric clinical trials for obtaining validated proof of evidence is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvinder Singh Chhabra
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Harvinder Singh Chhabra, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Sector C, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi - 110 070, India. E-mail:
| | - Kanchan Sarda
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
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37
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Yin F, Meng C, Lu R, Li L, Zhang Y, Chen H, Qin Y, Guo L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repair spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting axonal growth and anti-autophagy. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1665-71. [PMID: 25374587 PMCID: PMC4211186 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.141801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into neurons and astrocytes after transplantation in the spinal cord of rats with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Although bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are known to protect against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury through anti-apoptotic effects, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and proliferated, then transplanted into rats with ischemia/reperfusion injury via retro-orbital injection. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence with subsequent quantification revealed that the expression of the axonal regeneration marker, growth associated protein-43, and the neuronal marker, microtubule-associated protein 2, significantly increased in rats with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation compared with those in rats with spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. Furthermore, the expression of the autophagy marker, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B, and Beclin 1, was significantly reduced in rats with the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation compared with those in rats with spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of growth associated protein-43 and neurofilament-H increased but light chain 3B and Beclin 1 decreased in rats with the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Our results therefore suggest that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation promotes neurite growth and regeneration and prevents autophagy. These responses may likely be mechanisms underlying the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chunyang Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rifeng Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yonggang Qin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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38
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Yuan N, Tian W, Sun L, Yuan R, Tao J, Chen D. Neural stem cell transplantation in a double-layer collagen membrane with unequal pore sizes for spinal cord injury repair. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1014-9. [PMID: 25206753 PMCID: PMC4146296 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.133160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel double-layer collagen membrane with unequal pore sizes in each layer was designed and tested in this study. The inner, loose layer has about 100-μm-diameter pores, while the outer, compact layer has about 10-μm-diameter pores. In a rat model of incomplete spinal cord injury, a large number of neural stem cells were seeded into the loose layer, which was then adhered to the injured side, and the compact layer was placed against the lateral side. The results showed that the transplantation of neural stem cells in a double-layer collagen membrane with unequal pore sizes promoted the differentiation of neural stem cells, attenuated the pathological lesion, and significantly improved the motor function of the rats with incomplete spinal cord injuries. These experimental findings suggest that the transplantation of neural stem cells in a double-layer collagen membrane with unequal pore sizes is an effective therapeutic strategy to repair an injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yuan
- Department of Spine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Spine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Beijing Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Beijing, China
| | - Runying Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Tao
- Beijing Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dafu Chen
- Beijing Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Beijing, China
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